1ORG.FREEDESKTOP.RESOLVE1(5)org.freedesktop.resolve1ORG.FREEDESKTOP.RESOLVE1(5)
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NAME

6       org.freedesktop.resolve1 - The D-Bus interface of systemd-resolved
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INTRODUCTION

9       systemd-resolved.service(8) is a system service that provides hostname
10       resolution and caching using DNS, LLMNR, and mDNS. It also does DNSSEC
11       validation. This page describes the resolve semantics and the D-Bus
12       interface.
13
14       This page contains an API reference only. If you are looking for a
15       longer explanation how to use this API, please consult Writing Network
16       Configuration Managers[1] and Writing Resolver Clients[2].
17

THE MANAGER OBJECT

19       The service exposes the following interfaces on the Manager object on
20       the bus:
21
22           node /org/freedesktop/resolve1 {
23             interface org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager {
24               methods:
25                 ResolveHostname(in  i ifindex,
26                                 in  s name,
27                                 in  i family,
28                                 in  t flags,
29                                 out a(iiay) addresses,
30                                 out s canonical,
31                                 out t flags);
32                 ResolveAddress(in  i ifindex,
33                                in  i family,
34                                in  ay address,
35                                in  t flags,
36                                out a(is) names,
37                                out t flags);
38                 ResolveRecord(in  i ifindex,
39                               in  s name,
40                               in  q class,
41                               in  q type,
42                               in  t flags,
43                               out a(iqqay) records,
44                               out t flags);
45                 ResolveService(in  i ifindex,
46                                in  s name,
47                                in  s type,
48                                in  s domain,
49                                in  i family,
50                                in  t flags,
51                                out a(qqqsa(iiay)s) srv_data,
52                                out aay txt_data,
53                                out s canonical_name,
54                                out s canonical_type,
55                                out s canonical_domain,
56                                out t flags);
57                 GetLink(in  i ifindex,
58                         out o path);
59                 SetLinkDNS(in  i ifindex,
60                            in  a(iay) addresses);
61                 SetLinkDNSEx(in  i ifindex,
62                              in  a(iayqs) addresses);
63                 SetLinkDomains(in  i ifindex,
64                                in  a(sb) domains);
65                 SetLinkDefaultRoute(in  i ifindex,
66                                     in  b enable);
67                 SetLinkLLMNR(in  i ifindex,
68                              in  s mode);
69                 SetLinkMulticastDNS(in  i ifindex,
70                                     in  s mode);
71                 SetLinkDNSOverTLS(in  i ifindex,
72                                   in  s mode);
73                 SetLinkDNSSEC(in  i ifindex,
74                               in  s mode);
75                 SetLinkDNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors(in  i ifindex,
76                                                   in  as names);
77                 RevertLink(in  i ifindex);
78                 RegisterService(in  s name,
79                                 in  s name_template,
80                                 in  s type,
81                                 in  q service_port,
82                                 in  q service_priority,
83                                 in  q service_weight,
84                                 in  aa{say} txt_datas,
85                                 out o service_path);
86                 UnregisterService(in  o service_path);
87                 ResetStatistics();
88                 FlushCaches();
89                 ResetServerFeatures();
90               properties:
91                 readonly s LLMNRHostname = '...';
92                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
93                 readonly s LLMNR = '...';
94                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
95                 readonly s MulticastDNS = '...';
96                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
97                 readonly s DNSOverTLS = '...';
98                 readonly a(iiay) DNS = [...];
99                 readonly a(iiayqs) DNSEx = [...];
100                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
101                 readonly a(iiay) FallbackDNS = [...];
102                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
103                 readonly a(iiayqs) FallbackDNSEx = [...];
104                 readonly (iiay) CurrentDNSServer = ...;
105                 readonly (iiayqs) CurrentDNSServerEx = ...;
106                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
107                 readonly a(isb) Domains = [...];
108                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
109                 readonly (tt) TransactionStatistics = ...;
110                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
111                 readonly (ttt) CacheStatistics = ...;
112                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
113                 readonly s DNSSEC = '...';
114                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
115                 readonly (tttt) DNSSECStatistics = ...;
116                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
117                 readonly b DNSSECSupported = ...;
118                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
119                 readonly as DNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors = ['...', ...];
120                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
121                 readonly s DNSStubListener = '...';
122                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
123                 readonly s ResolvConfMode = '...';
124             };
125             interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer { ... };
126             interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable { ... };
127             interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties { ... };
128           };
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171   Methods
172       ResolveHostname() takes a hostname and resolves it to one or more IP
173       addresses. As parameters it takes the Linux network interface index to
174       execute the query on, or 0 if it may be done on any suitable interface.
175       The name parameter specifies the hostname to resolve. Note that if
176       required, IDNA conversion is applied to this name unless it is resolved
177       via LLMNR or MulticastDNS. The family parameter limits the results to a
178       specific address family. It may be AF_INET, AF_INET6 or AF_UNSPEC. If
179       AF_UNSPEC is specified (recommended), both kinds are retrieved, subject
180       to local network configuration (i.e. if no local, routable IPv6 address
181       is found, no IPv6 address is retrieved; and similarly for IPv4). A
182       64-bit flags field may be used to alter the behaviour of the resolver
183       operation (see below). The method returns an array of address records.
184       Each address record consists of the interface index the address belongs
185       to, an address family as well as a byte array with the actual IP
186       address data (which either has 4 or 16 elements, depending on the
187       address family). The returned address family will be one of AF_INET or
188       AF_INET6. For IPv6, the returned address interface index should be used
189       to initialize the .sin6_scope_id field of a struct sockaddr_in6
190       instance to permit support for resolution to link-local IP addresses.
191       The address array is followed by the canonical name of the host, which
192       may or may not be identical to the resolved hostname. Finally, a 64-bit
193       flags field is returned that is defined similarly to the flags field
194       that was passed in, but contains information about the resolved data
195       (see below). If the hostname passed in is an IPv4 or IPv6 address
196       formatted as string, it is parsed, and the result is returned. In this
197       case, no network communication is done.
198
199       ResolveAddress() executes the reverse operation: it takes an IP address
200       and acquires one or more hostnames for it. As parameters it takes the
201       interface index to execute the query on, or 0 if all suitable
202       interfaces are OK. The family parameter indicates the address family of
203       the IP address to resolve. It may be either AF_INET or AF_INET6. The
204       address parameter takes the raw IP address data (as either a 4 or 16
205       byte array). The flags input parameter may be used to alter the
206       resolver operation (see below). The method returns an array of name
207       records, each consisting of an interface index and a hostname. The
208       flags output field contains additional information about the resolver
209       operation (see below).
210
211       ResolveRecord() takes a DNS resource record (RR) type, class and name,
212       and retrieves the full resource record set (RRset), including the
213       RDATA, for it. As parameter it takes the Linux network interface index
214       to execute the query on, or 0 if it may be done on any suitable
215       interface. The name parameter specifies the RR domain name to look up
216       (no IDNA conversion is applied), followed by the 16-bit class and type
217       fields (which may be ANY). Finally, a flags field may be passed in to
218       alter behaviour of the look-up (see below). On completion, an array of
219       RR items is returned. Each array entry consists of the network
220       interface index the RR was discovered on, the type and class field of
221       the RR found, and a byte array of the raw RR discovered. The raw RR
222       data starts with the RR's domain name, in the original casing, followed
223       by the RR type, class, TTL and RDATA, in the binary format documented
224       in RFC 1035[3]. For RRs that support name compression in the payload
225       (such as MX or PTR), the compression is expanded in the returned data.
226
227       Note that currently, the class field has to be specified as IN or ANY.
228       Specifying a different class will return an error indicating that
229       look-ups of this kind are unsupported. Similarly, some special types
230       are not supported either (AXFR, OPT, ...). While systemd-resolved
231       parses and validates resource records of many types, it is crucial that
232       clients using this API understand that the RR data originates from the
233       network and should be thoroughly validated before use.
234
235       ResolveService() may be used to resolve a DNS SRV service record, as
236       well as the hostnames referenced in it, and possibly an accompanying
237       DNS-SD TXT record containing additional service metadata. The primary
238       benefit of using this method over ResolveRecord() specifying the SRV
239       type is that it will resolve the SRV and TXT RRs as well as the
240       hostnames referenced in the SRV in a single operation. As parameters it
241       takes a Linux network interface index, a service name, a service type
242       and a service domain. This method may be invoked in three different
243       modes:
244
245        1. To resolve a DNS-SD service, specify the service name (e.g.
246           "Lennart's Files"), the service type (e.g.  "_webdav._tcp") and the
247           domain to search in (e.g.  "local") as the three service
248           parameters. The service name must be in UTF-8 format, and no IDNA
249           conversion is applied to it in this mode (as mandated by the DNS-SD
250           specifications). However, if necessary, IDNA conversion is applied
251           to the domain parameter.
252
253        2. To resolve a plain SRV record, set the service name parameter to
254           the empty string and set the service type and domain properly.
255           (IDNA conversion is applied to the domain, if necessary.)
256
257        3. Alternatively, leave both the service name and type empty and
258           specify the full domain name of the SRV record (i.e. prefixed with
259           the service type) in the domain parameter. (No IDNA conversion is
260           applied in this mode.)
261
262       The family parameter of the ResolveService() method encodes the desired
263       family of the addresses to resolve (use AF_INET, AF_INET6, or
264       AF_UNSPEC). If this is enabled (Use the NO_ADDRESS flag to turn address
265       resolution off, see below). The flags parameter takes a couple of flags
266       that may be used to alter the resolver operation.
267
268       On completion, ResolveService() returns an array of SRV record
269       structures. Each items consisting of the priority, weight and port
270       fields as well as the hostname to contact, as encoded in the SRV
271       record. Immediately following is an array of the addresses of this
272       hostname, with each item consisting of the interface index, the address
273       family and the address data in a byte array. This address array is
274       followed by the canonicalized hostname. After this array of SRV record
275       structures an array of byte arrays follows that encodes the TXT RR
276       strings, in case DNS-SD look-ups are enabled. The next parameters are
277       the canonical service name, type and domain. This may or may not be
278       identical to the parameters passed in. Finally, a flags field is
279       returned that contains information about the resolver operation
280       performed.
281
282       The ResetStatistics() method resets the various statistics counters
283       that systemd-resolved maintains to zero. (For details, see the
284       statistics properties below.)
285
286       The GetLink() method takes a network interface index and returns the
287       object path to the org.freedesktop.resolve1.Link object corresponding
288       to it.
289
290       The SetLinkDNS() method sets the DNS servers to use on a specific
291       interface. This method (and the following ones) may be used by network
292       management software to configure per-interface DNS settings. It takes a
293       network interface index as well as an array of DNS server IP address
294       records. Each array item consists of an address family (either AF_INET
295       or AF_INET6), followed by a 4-byte or 16-byte array with the raw
296       address data. This method is a one-step shortcut for retrieving the
297       Link object for a network interface using GetLink() (see above) and
298       then invoking the SetDNS() method (see below) on it.
299
300       SetLinkDNSEx() is similar to SetLinkDNS(), but allows an IP port
301       (instead of the default 53) and DNS name to be specified for each DNS
302       server. The server name is used for Server Name Indication (SNI), which
303       is useful when DNS-over-TLS is used. C.f.  DNS= in resolved.conf(5).
304
305       SetLinkDefaultRoute() specifies whether the link shall be used as the
306       default route for name queries. See the description of name routing in
307       systemd-resolved.service(8) for details.
308
309       The SetLinkDomains() method sets the search and routing domains to use
310       on a specific network interface for DNS look-ups. It takes a network
311       interface index and an array of domains, each with a boolean parameter
312       indicating whether the specified domain shall be used as a search
313       domain (false), or just as a routing domain (true). Search domains are
314       used for qualifying single-label names into FQDN when looking up
315       hostnames, as well as for making routing decisions on which interface
316       to send queries ending in the domain to. Routing domains are only used
317       for routing decisions and not used for single-label name qualification.
318       Pass the search domains in the order they should be used.
319
320       The SetLinkLLMNR() method enables or disables LLMNR support on a
321       specific network interface. It takes a network interface index as well
322       as a string that may either be empty or one of "yes", "no" or
323       "resolve". If empty, the systemd-wide default LLMNR setting is used. If
324       "yes", LLMNR is used for resolution of single-label names and the local
325       hostname is registered on all local LANs for LLMNR resolution by peers.
326       If "no", LLMNR is turned off fully on this interface. If "resolve",
327       LLMNR is only enabled for resolving names, but the local hostname is
328       not registered for other peers to use.
329
330       Similarly, the SetLinkMulticastDNS() method enables or disables
331       MulticastDNS support on a specific interface. It takes the same
332       parameters as SetLinkLLMNR() described above.
333
334       The SetLinkDNSSEC() method enables or disables DNSSEC validation on a
335       specific network interface. It takes a network interface index as well
336       as a string that may either be empty or one of "yes", "no", or
337       "allow-downgrade". When empty, the system-wide default DNSSEC setting
338       is used. If "yes", full DNSSEC validation is done for all look-ups. If
339       the selected DNS server does not support DNSSEC, look-ups will fail if
340       this mode is used. If "no", DNSSEC validation is fully disabled. If
341       "allow-downgrade", DNSSEC validation is enabled, but is turned off
342       automatically if the selected server does not support it (thus opening
343       up behaviour to downgrade attacks). Note that DNSSEC only applies to
344       traditional DNS, not to LLMNR or MulticastDNS.
345
346       The SetLinkDNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors() method may be used to configure
347       DNSSEC Negative Trust Anchors (NTAs) for a specific network interface.
348       It takes a network interface index and a list of domains as arguments.
349
350       The SetLinkDNSOverTLS() method enables or disables DNS-over-TLS. C.f.
351       DNSOverTLS= in systemd-resolved.service(8) for details.
352
353       Network management software integrating with systemd-resolved should
354       call SetLinkDNS() or SetLinkDNSEx(), SetLinkDefaultRoute(),
355       SetLinkDomains() and others after the interface appeared in the kernel
356       (and thus after a network interface index has been assigned), but
357       before the network interfaces is activated (IFF_UP set) so that all
358       settings take effect during the full time the network interface is up.
359       It is safe to alter settings while the interface is up, however. Use
360       RevertLink() (described below) to reset all per-interface settings.
361
362       The RevertLink() method may be used to revert all per-link settings
363       described above to the defaults.
364
365       The Flags Parameter
366           The four methods above accept and return a 64-bit flags value. In
367           most cases passing 0 is sufficient and recommended. However, the
368           following flags are defined to alter the look-up:
369
370               #define SD_RESOLVED_DNS           (UINT64_C(1) << 0)
371               #define SD_RESOLVED_LLMNR_IPV4    (UINT64_C(1) << 1)
372               #define SD_RESOLVED_LLMNR_IPV6    (UINT64_C(1) << 2)
373               #define SD_RESOLVED_MDNS_IPV4     (UINT64_C(1) << 3)
374               #define SD_RESOLVED_MDNS_IPV6     (UINT64_C(1) << 4)
375               #define SD_RESOLVED_NO_CNAME      (UINT64_C(1) << 5)
376               #define SD_RESOLVED_NO_TXT        (UINT64_C(1) << 6)
377               #define SD_RESOLVED_NO_ADDRESS    (UINT64_C(1) << 7)
378               #define SD_RESOLVED_NO_SEARCH     (UINT64_C(1) << 8)
379               #define SD_RESOLVED_AUTHENTICATED (UINT64_C(1) << 9)
380
381
382           On input, the first five flags control the protocols to use for the
383           look-up. They refer to classic unicast DNS, LLMNR via IPv4/UDP and
384           IPv6/UDP respectively, as well as MulticastDNS via IPv4/UDP and
385           IPv6/UDP. If all of these five bits are off on input (which is
386           strongly recommended) the look-up will be done via all suitable
387           protocols for the specific look-up. Note that these flags operate
388           as filter only, but cannot force a look-up to be done via a
389           protocol. Specifically, systemd-resolved will only route look-ups
390           within the .local TLD to MulticastDNS (plus some reverse look-up
391           address domains), and single-label names to LLMNR (plus some
392           reverse address lookup domains). It will route neither of these to
393           Unicast DNS servers. Also, it will do LLMNR and Multicast DNS only
394           on interfaces suitable for multicast.
395
396           On output, these five flags indicate which protocol was used to
397           execute the operation, and hence where the data was found.
398
399           The primary use cases for these five flags are follow-up look-ups
400           based on DNS data retrieved earlier. In this case it is often a
401           good idea to limit the follow-up look-up to the protocol that was
402           used to discover the first DNS result.
403
404           The NO_CNAME flag controls whether CNAME/DNAME resource records
405           shall be followed during the look-up. This flag is only available
406           at input, none of the functions will return it on output. If a
407           CNAME/DNAME RR is discovered while resolving a hostname, an error
408           is returned instead. By default, when the flag is off, CNAME/DNAME
409           RRs are followed.
410
411           The NO_TXT and NO_ADDRESS flags only influence operation of the
412           ResolveService() method. They are only defined for input, not
413           output. If NO_TXT set, the DNS-SD TXT RR look-up is not done in the
414           same operation. If NO_ADDRESS is specified, the hostnames
415           discovered are not implicitly translated to their addresses.
416
417           The NO_SEARCH flag turns off the search domain logic. It is only
418           defined for input in ResolveHostname(). When specified,
419           single-label hostnames are not qualified using defined search
420           domains, if any are configured. Note that ResolveRecord() will
421           never qualify single-label domain names using search domains. Also
422           note that multi-label hostnames are never subject to search list
423           expansion.
424
425           The AUTHENTICATED bit is defined only in the output flags of the
426           four functions. If set, the returned data has been fully
427           authenticated. Specifically, this bit is set for all
428           DNSSEC-protected data for which a full trust chain may be
429           established to a trusted domain anchor. It is also set for locally
430           synthesized data, such as "localhost" or data from /etc/hosts.
431           Moreover, it is set for all LLMNR or mDNS RRs which originate from
432           the local host. Applications that require authenticated RR data for
433           operation should check this flag before trusting the data. Note
434           that systemd-resolved will never return invalidated data, hence
435           this flag simply allows to discern the cases where data is known to
436           be trustable, or where there is proof that the data is "rightfully"
437           unauthenticated (which includes cases where the underlying protocol
438           or server does not support authenticating data).
439
440   Properties
441       The LLMNR and MulticastDNS properties report whether LLMNR and
442       MulticastDNS are (globally) enabled. Each may be one of "yes", "no",
443       and "resolve". See SetLinkLLMNR() and SetLinkMulticastDNS() above.
444
445       LLMNRHostname contains the hostname currently exposed on the network
446       via LLMNR. It usually follows the system hostname as may be queried via
447       gethostname(3), but may differ if a conflict is detected on the
448       network.
449
450       DNS and DNSEx contain arrays of all DNS servers currently used by
451       systemd-resolved.  DNS contains information similar to the DNS server
452       data in /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf. Each structure in the array
453       consists of a numeric network interface index, an address family, and a
454       byte array containing the DNS server address (either 4 bytes in length
455       for IPv4 or 16 bytes in lengths for IPv6).  DNSEx is similar, but
456       additionally contains the IP port and server name (used for Server Name
457       Indication, SNI). Both arrays contain DNS servers configured
458       system-wide, including those possibly read from a foreign
459       /etc/resolv.conf or the DNS= setting in /etc/systemd/resolved.conf, as
460       well as per-interface DNS server information either retrieved from
461       systemd-networkd(8), or configured by external software via
462       SetLinkDNS() or SetLinkDNSEx() (see above). The network interface index
463       will be 0 for the system-wide configured services and non-zero for the
464       per-link servers.
465
466       FallbackDNS and FallbackDNSEx contain arrays of all DNS servers
467       configured as fallback servers, if any, using the same format as DNS
468       and DNSEx described above. See the description of FallbackDNS= in
469       resolved.conf(5) for the description of when those servers are used.
470
471       CurrentDNSServer and CurrentDNSServerEx specify the server that is
472       currently used for query resolution, in the same format as a single
473       entry in the DNS and DNSEx arrays described above.
474
475       Similarly, the Domains property contains an array of all search and
476       routing domains currently used by systemd-resolved. Each entry consists
477       of a network interface index (again, 0 encodes system-wide entries),
478       the actual domain name, and whether the entry is used only for routing
479       (true) or for both routing and searching (false).
480
481       The TransactionStatistics property contains information about the
482       number of transactions systemd-resolved has processed. It contains a
483       pair of unsigned 64-bit counters, the first containing the number of
484       currently ongoing transactions, the second the number of total
485       transactions systemd-resolved is processing or has processed. The
486       latter value may be reset using the ResetStatistics() method described
487       above. Note that the number of transactions does not directly map to
488       the number of issued resolver bus method calls. While simple look-ups
489       usually require a single transaction only, more complex look-ups might
490       result in more, for example when CNAMEs or DNSSEC are in use.
491
492       The CacheStatistics property contains information about the executed
493       cache operations so far. It exposes three 64-bit counters: the first
494       being the total number of current cache entries (both positive and
495       negative), the second the number of cache hits, and the third the
496       number of cache misses. The latter counters may be reset using
497       ResetStatistics() (see above).
498
499       The DNSSEC property specifies current status of DNSSEC validation. It
500       is one of "yes" (validation is enforced), "no" (no validation is done),
501       "allow-downgrade" (validation is done if the current DNS server
502       supports it). See the description of DNSSEC= in resolved.conf(5).
503
504       The DNSSECStatistics property contains information about the DNSSEC
505       validations executed so far. It contains four 64-bit counters: the
506       number of secure, insecure, bogus, and indeterminate DNSSEC validations
507       so far. The counters are increased for each validated RRset, and each
508       non-existance proof. The secure counter is increased for each operation
509       that successfully verified a signed reply, the insecure counter is
510       increased for each operation that successfully verified that an
511       unsigned reply is rightfully unsigned. The bogus counter is increased
512       for each operation where the validation did not check out and the data
513       is likely to have been tempered with. Finally the indeterminate counter
514       is increased for each operation which did not complete because the
515       necessary keys could not be acquired or the cryptographic algorithms
516       were unknown.
517
518       The DNSSECSupported boolean property reports whether DNSSEC is enabled
519       and the selected DNS servers support it. It combines information about
520       system-wide and per-link DNS settings (see below), and only reports
521       true if DNSSEC is enabled and supported on every interface for which
522       DNS is configured and for the system-wide settings if there are any.
523       Note that systemd-resolved assumes DNSSEC is supported by DNS servers
524       until it verifies that this is not the case. Thus, the reported value
525       may initially be true, until the first transactions are executed.
526
527       The DNSOverTLS boolean property reports whether DNS-over-TLS is
528       enabled.
529
530       The ResolvConfMode property exposes how /etc/resolv.conf is managed on
531       the host. Currently, the values "uplink", "stub", "static" (these three
532       correspond to the three different files systemd-resolved.service
533       provides), "foreign" (the file is managed by admin or another service,
534       systemd-resolved.service just consumes it), "missing" (/etc/resolv.conf
535       is missing).
536
537       The DNSStubListener property reports whether the stub listener on port
538       53 is enabled. Possible values are "yes" (enabled), "no" (disabled),
539       "udp" (only the UDP listener is enabled), and "tcp" (only the TCP
540       listener is enabled).
541
543           node /org/freedesktop/resolve1/link/_1 {
544             interface org.freedesktop.resolve1.Link {
545               methods:
546                 SetDNS(in  a(iay) addresses);
547                 SetDNSEx(in  a(iayqs) addresses);
548                 SetDomains(in  a(sb) domains);
549                 SetDefaultRoute(in  b enable);
550                 SetLLMNR(in  s mode);
551                 SetMulticastDNS(in  s mode);
552                 SetDNSOverTLS(in  s mode);
553                 SetDNSSEC(in  s mode);
554                 SetDNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors(in  as names);
555                 Revert();
556               properties:
557                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
558                 readonly t ScopesMask = ...;
559                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
560                 readonly a(iay) DNS = [...];
561                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
562                 readonly a(iayqs) DNSEx = [...];
563                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
564                 readonly (iay) CurrentDNSServer = ...;
565                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
566                 readonly (iayqs) CurrentDNSServerEx = ...;
567                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
568                 readonly a(sb) Domains = [...];
569                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
570                 readonly b DefaultRoute = ...;
571                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
572                 readonly s LLMNR = '...';
573                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
574                 readonly s MulticastDNS = '...';
575                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
576                 readonly s DNSOverTLS = '...';
577                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
578                 readonly s DNSSEC = '...';
579                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
580                 readonly as DNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors = ['...', ...];
581                 @org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
582                 readonly b DNSSECSupported = ...;
583             };
584             interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer { ... };
585             interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable { ... };
586             interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties { ... };
587           };
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615       For each Linux network interface a "Link" object is created which
616       exposes per-link DNS configuration and state. Use GetLink() on the
617       Manager interface to retrieve the object path for a link object given
618       the network interface index (see above).
619
620   Methods
621       The various methods exposed by the Link interface are equivalent to
622       their similarly named counterparts on the Manager interface. e.g.
623       SetDNS() on the Link object maps to SetLinkDNS() on the Manager object,
624       the main difference being that the later expects an interface index to
625       be specified. Invoking the methods on the Manager interface has the
626       benefit of reducing roundtrips, as it is not necessary to first request
627       the Link object path via GetLink() before invoking the methods. The
628       same relationship holds for SetDNSEx(), SetDomains(),
629       SetDefaultRoute(), SetLLMNR(), SetMulticastDNS(), SetDNSOverTLS(),
630       SetDNSSEC(), SetDNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors(), and Revert(). For further
631       details on these methods see the Manager documentation above.
632
633   Properties
634       ScopesMask defines which resolver scopes are currently active on this
635       interface. This 64-bit unsigned integer field is a bit mask consisting
636       of a subset of the bits of the flags parameter describe above.
637       Specifically, it may have the DNS, LLMNR and MDNS bits (the latter in
638       IPv4 and IPv6 flavours) set. Each individual bit is set when the
639       protocol applies to a specific interface and is enabled for it. It is
640       unset otherwise. Specifically, a multicast-capable interface in the
641       "UP" state with an IP address is suitable for LLMNR or MulticastDNS,
642       and any interface that is UP and has an IP address is suitable for DNS.
643       Note the relationship of the bits exposed here with the LLMNR and
644       MulticastDNS properties also exposed on the Link interface. The latter
645       expose what is *configured* to be used on the interface, the former
646       expose what is actually used on the interface, taking into account the
647       abilities of the interface.
648
649       DNSSECSupported exposes a boolean field that indicates whether DNSSEC
650       is currently configured and in use on the interface. Note that if
651       DNSSEC is enabled on an interface, it is assumed available until it is
652       detected that the configured server does not actually support it. Thus,
653       this property may initially report that DNSSEC is supported on an
654       interface.
655
656       DefaultRoute exposes a boolean field that indicates whether the
657       interface will be used as default route for name queries. See
658       SetLinkDefaultRoute() above.
659
660       The other properties reflect the state of the various configuration
661       settings for the link which may be set with the various methods calls
662       such as SetDNS() or SetLLMNR().
663

COMMON ERRORS

665       Many bus methods systemd-resolved exposes (in particular the resolver
666       methods such as ResolveHostname() on the Manager interface) may return
667       some of the following errors:
668
669       org.freedesktop.resolve1.NoNameServers
670           No suitable DNS servers were found to resolve a request.
671
672       org.freedesktop.resolve1.InvalidReply
673           A response from the selected DNS server was not understood.
674
675       org.freedesktop.resolve1.NoSuchRR
676           The requested name exists, but there is no resource record of the
677           requested type for it. (This is the DNS NODATA case).
678
679       org.freedesktop.resolve1.CNameLoop
680           The look-up failed because a CNAME or DNAME loop was detected.
681
682       org.freedesktop.resolve1.Aborted
683           The look-up was aborted because the selected protocol became
684           unavailable while the operation was ongoing.
685
686       org.freedesktop.resolve1.NoSuchService
687           A service look-up was successful, but the SRV record reported that
688           the service is not available.
689
690       org.freedesktop.resolve1.DnssecFailed
691           The acquired response did not pass DNSSEC validation.
692
693       org.freedesktop.resolve1.NoTrustAnchor
694           No chain of trust could be established for the response to a
695           configured DNSSEC trust anchor.
696
697       org.freedesktop.resolve1.ResourceRecordTypeUnsupported
698           The requested resource record type is not supported on the selected
699           DNS servers. This error is generated for example when an RRSIG
700           record is requested from a DNS server that does not support DNSSEC.
701
702       org.freedesktop.resolve1.NoSuchLink
703           No network interface with the specified network interface index
704           exists.
705
706       org.freedesktop.resolve1.LinkBusy
707           The requested configuration change could not be made because
708           systemd-networkd(8), already took possession of the interface and
709           supplied configuration data for it.
710
711       org.freedesktop.resolve1.NetworkDown
712           The requested look-up failed because the system is currently not
713           connected to any suitable network.
714
715       org.freedesktop.resolve1.DnsError.NXDOMAIN,
716       org.freedesktop.resolve1.DnsError.REFUSED, ...
717           The look-up failed with a DNS return code reporting a failure. The
718           error names used as suffixes here are defined in by IANA in
719           DNS RCODEs[4].
720

EXAMPLES

722       Example 1. Introspect org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager on the bus
723
724           $ gdbus introspect --system \
725             --dest org.freedesktop.resolve1 \
726             --object-path /org/freedesktop/resolve1
727
728
729       Example 2. Introspect org.freedesktop.resolve1.Link on the bus
730
731           $ gdbus introspect --system \
732             --dest org.freedesktop.resolve1 \
733             --object-path /org/freedesktop/resolve1/link/_11
734
735

VERSIONING

737       These D-Bus interfaces follow the usual interface versioning
738       guidelines[5].
739

NOTES

741        1. Writing Network Configuration Managers
742           https://wiki.freedesktop.org/www/Software/systemd/writing-network-configuration-managers
743
744        2. Writing Resolver Clients
745           https://wiki.freedesktop.org/www/Software/systemd/writing-resolver-clients
746
747        3. RFC 1035
748           https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1035.txt
749
750        4. DNS RCODEs
751           https://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters/dns-parameters.xhtml#dns-parameters-6
752
753        5. the usual interface versioning guidelines
754           http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/versioning-dbus.html
755
756
757
758systemd 248                                        ORG.FREEDESKTOP.RESOLVE1(5)
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