1DOT(1)                      General Commands Manual                     DOT(1)
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NAME

6       dot - filter for drawing directed graphs
7       neato - filter for drawing undirected graphs
8       twopi - filter for radial layouts of graphs
9       circo - filter for circular layout of graphs
10       fdp - filter for drawing undirected graphs
11       sfdp - filter for drawing large undirected graphs
12       patchwork - filter for squarified tree maps
13       osage - filter for array-based layouts
14

SYNOPSIS

16       dot [options] [files]
17       neato [options] [files]
18       twopi [options] [files]
19       circo [options] [files]
20       fdp [options] [files]
21       sfdp [options] [files]
22       patchwork [options] [files]
23       osage [options] [files]
24

DESCRIPTION

26       These  are a collection of programs for drawing graphs.  There is actu‐
27       ally only one main program; the specific layout algorithms  are  imple‐
28       mented  as  plugins.  Thus, they largely share all of the same command-
29       line options.
30
31       dot draws directed graphs.  It works well on  directed  acyclic  graphs
32       and  other  graphs  that  can be drawn as hierarchies or have a natural
33       ``flow.''
34
35       neato draws undirected graphs using a ``spring'' model and reducing the
36       related  energy  (see  Kamada and Kawai, Information Processing Letters
37       31:1, April 1989).
38
39       twopi draws graphs using a radial layout (see G.  Wills,  Symposium  on
40       Graph  Drawing  GD'97, September, 1997).  Basically, one node is chosen
41       as the center and put at the origin.  The remaining nodes are placed on
42       a  sequence  of  concentric  circles  centered about the origin, each a
43       fixed radial distance from the previous circle.  All nodes  distance  1
44       from  the  center  are placed on the first circle; all nodes distance 1
45       from a node on the first circle are placed on the second circle; and so
46       forth.
47
48       circo  draws graphs using a circular layout (see Six and Tollis, GD '99
49       and ALENEX '99, and Kaufmann and Wiese, GD '02.)  The  tool  identifies
50       biconnected  components  and draws the nodes of the component on a cir‐
51       cle. The block‐cutpoint tree is then laid out using a recursive  radial
52       algorithm.  Edge  crossings within a circle are minimized by placing as
53       many edges on the circle's perimeter as possible.   In  particular,  if
54       the  component is outerplanar, the component will have a planar layout.
55       If a node belongs to multiple non‐trivial biconnected  components,  the
56       layout puts the node in one of them. By default, this is the first non‐
57       trivial component found in the search from the root component.
58
59       fdp draws undirected graphs using a ``spring'' model. It  relies  on  a
60       force‐directed  approach in the spirit of Fruchterman and Reingold (cf.
61       Software‐Practice & Experience 21(11), 1991, pp. 1129‐1164).
62
63       sfdp also draws undirected graphs using the ``spring'' model  described
64       above,  but  it uses a multi-scale approach to produce layouts of large
65       graphs in a reasonably short time.
66
67       patchwork draws the graph as a squarified treemap (see M. Bruls et al.,
68       ``Squarified  treemaps'',  Proc. Joint Eurographics and IEEE TCVG Symp.
69       on Visualization, 2000, pp. 33-42). The clusters of the graph are  used
70       to specify the tree.
71
72       osage draws the graph using its cluster structure. For a given cluster,
73       each of its subclusters is laid out internally.  Then the  subclusters,
74       plus  any remaining nodes, are repositioned based on the cluster's pack
75       and packmode attributes.
76

OUTPUT FORMATS

78       Graphviz uses an extensible plugin mechanism for its output  renderers,
79       so to see what output formats your installation of dot supports you can
80       use ``dot -T:'' and check the warning message.  Also, The plugin mecha‐
81       nism  supports multiple implementations of the output formats, allowing
82       variations in the renderers and formatters.  To see what  variants  are
83       available  for  a  particular  output  format,  use, for example: ``dot
84       -Tpng:'' and to force a particular variant,  use,  for  example:  ``dot
85       -Tpng:gd''
86
87       Traditionally, Graphviz supports the following:
88       -Tdot (Dot format containing layout information),
89       -Txdot (Dot format containing complete layout information),
90       -Tps (PostScript),
91       -Tpdf (PDF),
92       -Tsvg -Tsvgz (Structured Vector Graphics),
93       -Tfig (XFIG graphics),
94       -Tpng (png bitmap graphics),
95       -Tgif (gif bitmap graphics),
96       -Tjpg -Tjpeg (jpeg bitmap graphics),
97       -Tjson (xdot information encoded in JSON),
98       -Timap (imagemap files for httpd servers for each node or edge that has
99       a non‐null href attribute.),
100       -Tcmapx (client‐side imagemap for use in html and xhtml).
101       Additional less common or more special‐purpose output  formats  can  be
102       found at https://www.graphviz.org/doc/info/output.html.
103
104       Alternative  plugins providing support for a given output format can be
105       found from the error message resulting from appending a ':' to the for‐
106       mat. e.g. -Tpng: The first plugin listed is always the default.
107
108       The  -P  switch  can  be used to produce a graph of all output variants
109       supported by plugins in the local installation of graphviz.
110

GRAPH FILE LANGUAGE

112       Here is a synopsis of the graph file language, normally using  the  ex‐
113       tension .gv, for graphs:
114
115       [strict] (graph|digraph) name { statement‐list }
116       is the top‐level graph. If the graph is strict, then multiple edges are
117       not allowed between the same pairs of  nodes.   If  it  is  a  directed
118       graph,  indicated by digraph, then the edgeop must be "->". If it is an
119       undirected graph then the edgeop must be "--".
120
121       Statements may be:
122
123       name=val;
124       node [name=val];
125       edge [name=val];
126       Set default graph, node, or edge attribute name to val.  Any  subgraph,
127       node, or edge appearing after this inherits the new default attributes.
128
129       n0 [name0=val0,name1=val1,...]; Creates node n0 (if it does not already
130       exist) and sets its attributes according to the optional list.
131
132       n0 edgeop n1 edgeop ... edgeop nn [name0=val0,name1=val1,...];
133       Creates edges between nodes n0, n1, ..., nn and sets  their  attributes
134       according to the optional list.  Creates nodes as necessary.
135
136       [subgraph name] { statement‐list }
137       Creates  a  subgraph.  Subgraphs may be used in place of n0, ..., nn in
138       the above statements to create edges.  [subgraph name] is optional;  if
139       missing, the subgraph is assigned an internal name.
140
141       The language accepts both C‐style comments /*C...*/ or //...
142
143       Attribute names and values are ordinary (C‐style) strings.  The follow‐
144       ing sections describe attributes that control graph layout.
145
146       A  more  complete  description  of  the  language  can  be   found   at
147       https://www.graphviz.org/doc/info/lang.html.
148

GRAPH, NODE AND EDGE ATTRIBUTES

150       Graphviz uses the name=value attributes, attached to graphs, subgraphs,
151       nodes and edges, to tailor the layout and rendering. We list  the  more
152       prominent   attributes   below.  The  complete  list  is  available  at
153       https://www.graphviz.org/doc/info/attrs.html.
154
155  Attributes Common to Nodes, Edges, Clusters and Graphs
156       href=url the default url for image map files; in PostScript files,  the
157       base  URL for all relative URLs, as recognized by Acrobat Distiller 3.0
158       and up.
159
160       URL=url (``URL'' is a synonym for ``href.'')
161
162       fontcolor=colorvalue sets the label text color.
163
164       A colorvalue may be  "h,s,v"  (hue,  saturation,  brightness)  floating
165       point  numbers  between  0  and  1, or an X11 color name such as white,
166       black, red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, or cyan, or a "#rrggbb" (red,
167       green,     blue,     2     hex    characters    each)    value.     See
168       https://www.graphviz.org/doc/info/attrs.html#k:color                and
169       https://www.graphviz.org/doc/info/colors.html for further details.
170
171       fontsize=n sets the label type size to n points.
172
173       fontname=name sets the label font family name.
174
175       label=text  where  text  may include escaped newlines \n, \l, or \r for
176       center, left, and right justified lines.  The string '\G' value will be
177       replaced  by  the  graph  name.  For node labels, the string '\N' value
178       will be replaced by the node name.  For edges, if the substring '\T' is
179       found  in a label, it will be replaced by the name of the tail node; if
180       the substring '\H' is found in a label, it will be replaced by the name
181       of  the  head  node; if the substring '\E' value is found in a label it
182       will   be   replaced   by:   tail_node_name->head_node_name   or    by:
183       tail_node_name--head_node_name for undirected graphs.
184
185       Graphviz  also  supports special HTML-like labels for constructing com‐
186       plex  node  content.  A  full‐description  of   these   is   given   at
187       https://www.graphviz.org/doc/info/shapes.html#html.
188
189       If  a  node has shape=record, the label may contain recursive box lists
190       delimited by { | }.  Port identifiers in labels are set  off  by  angle
191       brackets < >.
192
193  Graph Attributes
194       size="x,y" specifies the maximum bounding box of drawing in inches.
195
196       ratio=f  sets  the aspect ratio to f which may be a floating point num‐
197       ber, or one of the keywords fill, compress, or auto.
198
199       layout=engine indicates the preferred layout engine (dot,  neato,  fdp,
200       etc.) overriding the default from the basename of the command or the -K
201       commandline option.
202
203       margin=f sets the page margin (included in the page size).
204
205       ordering=out constrains order of out‐edges in a subgraph  according  to
206       their file sequence.
207
208       rotate=90  sets landscape mode.  (orientation=land is backward compati‐
209       ble but obsolete.)
210
211       center=n a non‐zero value centers the drawing on the page.
212
213       color=colorvalue sets foreground color (bgcolor for background).
214
215       overlap=mode. This specifies what algorithm  should  do  if  any  nodes
216       overlap.  If mode is false, the program uses the Prism algorithm to ad‐
217       just the nodes to eliminate overlaps. If mode is scale, the  layout  is
218       uniformly scaled up, preserving node sizes, until nodes no longer over‐
219       lap. The latter technique removes overlaps  while  preserving  symmetry
220       and structure, while the former removes overlaps more compactly but de‐
221       stroys symmetries.  If mode is true (the default), no repositioning  is
222       done.   Since  the  dot algorithm always produces a layout with no node
223       overlaps, this attribute is only useful with other layouts.
224
225       stylesheet="file.css" includes a reference to a stylesheet in -Tsvg and
226       -Tsvgz outputs.  Ignored by other formats.
227
228       splines  If  set  to true, edges are drawn as splines.  If set to poly‐
229       line, edges are drawn as polylines.  If set to ortho, edges  are  drawn
230       as  orthogonal  polylines.   In  all of these cases, the nodes must not
231       overlap.  If splines=false or splines=line, edges  are  drawn  as  line
232       segments.   The  default  is true for dot, and false for all other lay‐
233       outs.
234
235
236       (dot‐specific attributes)
237
238       nodesep=f sets the minimum separation between nodes.
239
240       ranksep=f sets the minimum separation between ranks.
241
242       rankdir=LR|RL|BT requests a left‐to‐right, right‐to‐left, or bottom‐to‐
243       top, drawing.
244
245       rank=same  (or min or max) in a subgraph constrains the rank assignment
246       of its nodes.   If a subgraph's name has the prefix cluster, its  nodes
247       are  drawn  in  a  distinct  rectangle  of the layout.  Clusters may be
248       nested.
249
250
251       (neato‐specific attributes)
252       mode=val.  Algorithm for minimizing energy in the layout.  By  default,
253       neato uses stress majorization. If mode=KK, it uses a version of gradi‐
254       ent descent.
255
256       model=val.  The neato model computes the desired distances between  all
257       pairs of vertices. By default, it uses the length of the shortest path.
258       If model is set to circuit, a circuit-resistance  model  is  used.   If
259       model  is set to subset, it uses a model whereby the edge length is the
260       number of nodes that are neighbors of exactly one of  the  edge's  ver‐
261       tices.
262
263       start=val.  Requests random initial placement and seeds the random num‐
264       ber generator.  If val is not an integer, the  process  ID  or  current
265       time is used as the seed.
266
267       epsilon=n.  Sets the cutoff for the solver.  The default is 0.1.
268
269
270       (twopi‐specific attributes)
271       root=ctr.  This specifies the node to be used as the center of the lay‐
272       out. If not specified, twopi will randomly pick one of the  nodes  that
273       are furthest from a leaf node, where a leaf node is a node of degree 1.
274       If no leaf nodes exists, an arbitrary node is picked as center.
275
276       ranksep=val. Specifies the radial distance in inches  between  the  se‐
277       quence of rings. The default is 0.75.
278
279
280       (circo‐specific attributes)
281       root=nodename.  Specifies  the  name  of  a  node occurring in the root
282       block. If the graph is disconnected, the root  node  attribute  can  be
283       used to specify additional root blocks.
284
285       mindist=value.  Sets  the  minimum separation between all nodes. If not
286       specified then circo uses a default value of 1.0.
287
288
289       (fdp‐specific attributes)
290       K=val. Sets the default ideal node separation in the layout.
291
292       maxiter=val. Sets the maximum number of iterations used to  layout  the
293       graph.
294
295       start=val. Adjusts the random initial placement of nodes with no speci‐
296       fied position.  If val is an integer, it is used as the  seed  for  the
297       random  number  generator.   If val is not an integer, a random system‐
298       generated integer, such as the process ID or current time, is  used  as
299       the seed.
300
301  Node Attributes
302       height=d  or  width=d  sets  minimum  height  or  width.  Adding fixed‐
303       size=true forces these to be the actual size (text labels are ignored).
304
305       shape=builtin_polygon record epsf
306       builtin_polygon can be such values as plaintext, ellipse, oval, circle,
307       egg,  triangle, box, diamond, trapezium, parallelogram, house, hexagon,
308       octagon, note, tab, box3d, or component,, among others.  (Polygons  are
309       defined  or modified by the following node attributes: regular, periph‐
310       eries, sides, orientation, distortion and skew.)  epsf uses the  node's
311       shapefile attribute as the path name of an external EPSF file to be au‐
312       tomatically loaded for the node shape.
313
314       See https://www.graphviz.org/doc/info/shapes.html for  a  complete  de‐
315       scription of node shapes.
316
317       color=colorvalue  sets the outline color, and the default fill color if
318       style=filled and fillcolor is not specified.
319
320       fillcolor=colorvalue sets the fill color  when  style=filled.   If  not
321       specified,  the  fillcolor when style=filled defaults to be the same as
322       the outline color.
323
324       style=filled solid dashed dotted bold invis
325
326       xlabel="text" specifies a label that will be place near,  but  outside,
327       of a node. The normal label string is placed within the node shape.
328
329       target="target"  is  a target string for client‐side imagemaps and SVG,
330       effective when nodes have a URL.  The target string is used  to  deter‐
331       mine  which  window  of the browser is used for the URL.  Setting it to
332       "_graphviz" will open a new window if it doesn't already exist, or  re‐
333       use it if it does.  If the target string is empty, the default, then no
334       target attribute is included in the output.  The  substrings  '\N'  and
335       '\G'  are  substituted  in the same manner as for the node label attri‐
336       bute.  Additionally the substring '\L' is substituted with the node la‐
337       bel string.
338
339       tooltip="text"  is  a tooltip string for client‐side imagemaps and SVG,
340       effective when nodes have a URL.  The tooltip string defaults to be the
341       same  as the label string, but this attribute permits nodes without la‐
342       bels to still have tooltips thus permitting denser  graphs.   The  sub‐
343       strings  '\N'  and  '\G'  are substituted in the same manner as for the
344       node label attribute.  Additionally the substring '\L'  is  substituted
345       with the node label string.
346
347       The following attributes apply only to polygon shape nodes:
348
349       regular=n  if n is non‐zero then the polygon is made regular, i.e. sym‐
350       metric about the x and y axis, otherwise the polygon takes on  the  as‐
351       pect ratio of the label.  builtin_polygons that are not already regular
352       are made regular by this attribute.  builtin_polygons that are  already
353       regular are not affected (i.e.  they cannot be made asymmetric).
354
355       peripheries=n sets the number of periphery lines drawn around the poly‐
356       gon.   This  value  supersedes  the  number  of  periphery   lines   of
357       builtin_polygons.
358
359       sides=n  sets the number of sides to the polygon. n<3 results in an el‐
360       lipse.  This attribute is ignored by builtin_polygons.
361
362       orientation=f sets the orientation of the first  apex  of  the  polygon
363       counterclockwise  from  the  vertical, in degrees.  f may be a floating
364       point number.  The orientation of labels is not affected by this attri‐
365       bute.    This   attribute  is  added  to  the  initial  orientation  of
366       builtin_polygons.
367
368       distortion=f sets the amount of broadening of the top and narrowing  of
369       the  bottom  of  the  polygon  (relative to its orientation).  Floating
370       point values between -1 and +1 are suggested.  This  attribute  is  ig‐
371       nored by builtin_polygons.
372
373       skew=f  sets  the amount of right‐displacement of the top and left‐dis‐
374       placement of the bottom of the polygon (relative to  its  orientation).
375       Floating  point values between -1 and +1 are suggested.  This attribute
376       is ignored by builtin_polygons.
377
378
379       (circo‐specific attributes)
380       root=true/false. This specifies that the  block  containing  the  given
381       node be treated as the root of the spanning tree in the layout.
382
383
384       (neato‐ and fdp‐specific attributes)
385       pin=val. If val is true, the node will remain at its initial position.
386
387
388  Edge Attributes
389       weight=val where val is the cost of the edge.  For dot, weights must be
390       non-negative integers.  Values greater than 1 tend to shorten the edge;
391       weight 0 flat edges are ignored for ordering nodes.  In twopi, a weight
392       of 0 will cause the edge to be ignored in constructing  the  underlying
393       spanning tree. For neato and fdp, a heavier weight will put more empha‐
394       sis on the algorithm achieving an edge length closer to that  specified
395       by the edge's len attribute.
396
397       style=solid dashed dotted bold invis
398
399       color=colorvalue sets the line color for edges.
400
401       color=colorvaluelist  a ':' separated list of colorvalue creates paral‐
402       lel edges, one edge for each color.
403
404       dir=forward back both none controls arrow direction.
405
406       tailclip,headclip=false disables endpoint shape clipping.
407
408       target="text" is a target string for client‐side imagemaps and SVG, ef‐
409       fective  when edges have a URL.  If the target string is empty, the de‐
410       fault, then no target attribute is included in the  output.   The  sub‐
411       strings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as
412       for the edge label attribute.  Additionally the substring '\L' is  sub‐
413       stituted with the edge label string.
414
415       tooltip="text"  is a tooltip string for client‐side imagemaps effective
416       when edges have a URL.  The tooltip string defaults to be the  same  as
417       the  edge  label  string.  The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are
418       substituted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute.   Addi‐
419       tionally the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label string.
420
421       arrowhead,arrowtail=none, normal, inv, dot, odot, invdot, invodot, tee,
422       empty, invempty, open, halfopen, diamond, odiamond,  box,  obox,  crow.
423       Specifies  the  shape of the glyph occurring where the edge touches the
424       head or tail node, respectively. Note  that  this  only  specifies  the
425       shape. The dir attribute determines whether or not the glyph is drawn.
426
427       arrowsize=val  specifies  a multiplicative scale factor for the size of
428       the arrowhead.  inv_length=6,inv_width=7,dot_radius=2)
429
430       headlabel,taillabel=text for labels appearing near the  head  and  tail
431       nodes  of  an  edge.   labelfontcolor, labelfontname, labelfontsize for
432       head and tail labels.  The substrings '\T', '\H',  '\E'  and  '\G'  are
433       substituted  in the same manner as for the edge label attribute.  Addi‐
434       tionally the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label string.
435
436       headhref="url" sets the url for the head port in  imagemap,  PostScript
437       and  SVG  files.   The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substi‐
438       tuted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute.  Additionally
439       the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label string.
440
441       headURL="url" (headURL is a synonym for headhref.)
442
443       headtarget="headtarget"  is  a  target string for client‐side imagemaps
444       and SVG, effective when edge heads have a URL.  The  headtarget  string
445       is  used  to determine which window of the browser is used for the URL.
446       If the headtarget string is empty, the  default,  then  headtarget  de‐
447       faults  to the same value as target for the edge.  The substrings '\T',
448       '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the  edge
449       label  attribute.   Additionally the substring '\L' is substituted with
450       the edge label string.
451
452       headtooltip="tooltip" is a tooltip string for client‐side imagemaps ef‐
453       fective  when head ports have a URL.  The tooltip string defaults to be
454       the same as the headlabel string.  The substrings '\T', '\H', and  '\E'
455       are  substituted  in  the  same manner as for the edge label attribute.
456       Additionally the substring '\L' is  substituted  with  the  edge  label
457       string.
458
459       tailhref="url"  sets  the url for the tail port in imagemap, PostScript
460       and SVG files.  The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and  '\G'  are  substi‐
461       tuted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute.  Additionally
462       the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label string.
463
464       tailURL="url" (tailURL is a synonym for tailhref.)
465
466       tailtarget="tailtarget" is a target string  for  client‐side  imagemaps
467       and  SVG,  effective when edge tails have a URL.  The tailtarget string
468       is used to determine which window of the browser is used for  the  URL.
469       If  the  tailtarget  string  is empty, the default, then tailtarget de‐
470       faults to the same value as target for the edge.  The substrings  '\T',
471       '\H',  '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the edge
472       label attribute.  Additionally the substring '\L' is  substituted  with
473       the edge label string.
474
475       tailtooltip="tooltip" is a tooltip string for client‐side imagemaps ef‐
476       fective when tail ports have a URL.  The tooltip string defaults to  be
477       the  same as the taillabel string.  The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and
478       '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the  edge  label  attri‐
479       bute.  Additionally the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge la‐
480       bel string.
481
482       labeldistance and labelangle (in degrees CCW) specify the placement  of
483       head and tail labels.
484
485       decorate draws line from edge to label.
486
487       samehead,sametail aim edges having the same value to the same port, us‐
488       ing the average landing point.
489
490
491       (dot‐specific attributes)
492       constraint=false causes an edge to be ignored for rank assignment.
493
494       minlen=n where n is an integer factor that applies to the  edge  length
495       (ranks for normal edges, or minimum node separation for flat edges).
496
497       xlabel="text" Edge labels in dot are treated as special types of nodes,
498       with space allocated for them during node layout.  This  can  sometimes
499       deform  the  edge  routing.  If an xlabel is used instead, the label is
500       placed after all nodes and edges have been positioned.  In  turn,  this
501       may mean that there is some overlap among the labels.
502
503       (neato and fdp‐specific attributes)
504       len=f sets the optimal length of an edge.  The default is 1.0.
505

COMMAND‐LINE OPTIONS

507       -G sets a default graph attribute.
508       -N sets a default node attribute.
509       -E  sets  a  default edge attribute.  Example: -Gsize="7,8" -Nshape=box
510       -Efontsize=8
511
512       -lfile loads custom PostScript library  files.   Usually  these  define
513       custom  shapes  or  styles.  If -l is given by itself, the standard li‐
514       brary is omitted.
515
516       -Tlang sets the output language as described above.
517
518
519       -n[1|2] (no‐op) If set, neato assumes nodes  have  already  been  posi‐
520       tioned  and  all  nodes  have a pos attribute giving the positions.  It
521       then performs an optional adjustment to remove node‐node  overlap,  de‐
522       pending  on  the value of the overlap attribute, computes the edge lay‐
523       outs, depending on the value of the splines attribute,  and  emits  the
524       graph in the appropriate format.  If num is supplied, the following ac‐
525       tions occur:
526           num = 1
527       Equivalent to -n.
528           num > 1
529       Use node positions as specified, with no adjustment to remove node‐node
530       overlaps,  and use any edge layouts already specified by the pos attri‐
531       bute.  neato computes an edge layout for any edge that does not have  a
532       pos  attribute.   As usual, edge layout is guided by the splines attri‐
533       bute.
534
535       -Klayout override the default layout  engine  implied  by  the  command
536       name.
537
538       -O  automatically generate output filenames based on the input filename
539       and the -T format.
540
541       -P generate a graph of the currently available plugins.
542
543       -v (verbose) prints various information useful for debugging.
544
545       -c configure plugins.
546
547       -m memory test (observe no growth with top, kill when done).
548
549       -qlevel set level of message suppression. The default is 1.
550
551       -sfscale scale input by fscale, the default is 72.
552
553       -y invert y coordinate in output.
554
555       -ofile write output to file.
556
557       -x reduce graph.
558
559       -Lg don't use grid.
560
561       -LO use old attractive force.
562
563       -Lni set number of iterations to i.
564
565       -LUi set unscaled factor to i.
566
567       -LCv set overlap expansion factor to v.
568
569       -LT[*]v set temperature (temperature factor) to v.
570
571       -V (version) prints version information and exits.
572
573       -? prints the usage and exits.
574
575       A complete description of the available  command‐line  options  can  be
576       found at https://www.graphviz.org/doc/info/command.html.
577

EXAMPLES

579       digraph test123 {
580               a -> b -> c;
581               a -> {x y};
582               b [shape=box];
583               c [label="hello\nworld",color=blue,fontsize=24,
584                    fontname="Palatino-Italic",fontcolor=red,style=filled];
585               a -> z [label="hi", weight=100];
586               x -> z [label="multi-line\nlabel"];
587               edge [style=dashed,color=red];
588               b -> x;
589               {rank=same; b x}
590       }
591
592       graph test123 {
593               a -- b -- c;
594               a -- {x y};
595               x -- c [w=10.0];
596               x -- y [w=5.0,len=3];
597       }
598

CAVEATS

600       Edge splines can overlap unintentionally.
601
602       Flat edge labels are slightly broken.  Intercluster edge labels are to‐
603       tally broken.
604
605       Because unconstrained optimization is employed, node boxes can possibly
606       overlap  or  touch unrelated edges.  All existing spring embedders seem
607       to have this limitation.
608
609       Apparently reasonable attempts to pin nodes or adjust edge lengths  and
610       weights can cause instability.
611

AUTHORS

613       Stephen C. North <north@research.att.com>
614       Emden R. Gansner <erg@graphviz.org>
615       John C. Ellson <ellson@research.att.com>
616       Yifan Hu <yifanhu@yahoo.com>
617
618       The   bitmap   driver   (PNG,   GIF   etc)   is   by   Thomas  Boutell,
619       <http://www.boutell.com/gd>
620
621       The Truetype font renderer is from the Freetype Project (David  Turner,
622       Robert   Wilhelm,   and  Werner  Lemberg)  (who  can  be  contacted  at
623       freetype-devel@lists.lrz-muenchen.de).
624

SEE ALSO

626       This man page contains only a small amount of the  information  related
627       to  the  Graphviz layout programs. The most complete information can be
628       found at https://www.graphviz.org/documentation/, especially in the on‐
629       line reference pages. Most of these documents are also available in the
630       doc and doc/info subtrees in the source and binary distributions.
631
632       dotty(1)
633       tcldot(n)
634       xcolors(1)
635       libcgraph(3)
636
637       E. R. Gansner, S. C. North,  K. P. Vo, "DAG ‐ A  Program  to  Draw  Di‐
638       rected  Graphs",  Software  ‐  Practice and Experience 17(1), 1988, pp.
639       1047‐1062.
640       E. R. Gansner, E. Koutsofios, S. C. North,  K. P. Vo, "A Technique  for
641       Drawing  Directed  Graphs,"  IEEE Trans. on Soft. Eng. 19(3), 1993, pp.
642       214‐230.
643       S. North and E.  Koutsofios,  "Applications  of  graph  visualization",
644       Graphics Interface 94, pp. 234‐245.
645       E.  R.  Gansner and E. Koutsofios and S. C. North, "Drawing Graphs with
646       dot," Available at https://www.graphviz.org/pdf/dotguide.pdf.
647       S.     C.     North,     "NEATO     User's     Manual".       Available
648       https://www.graphviz.org/pdf/neatoguide.pdf.
649       E.  R. Gansner and Y. Hu, "Efficient, Proximity-Preserving Node Overlap
650       Removal", J. Graph Algorithms Appl., 14(1) pp. 53‐74, 2010.
651
652
653
654
655                                12 January 2015                         DOT(1)
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