1GPL(1)                     Free Software Foundation                     GPL(1)
2
3
4

NAME

6       GPL - GNU General Public License
7

DESCRIPTION

9                             GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
10                               Version 3, 29 June 2007
11
12       Copyright  (C)  2007  Free  Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
13       Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim  copies  of  this
14       license document, but changing it is not allowed.
15
16                                      Preamble
17
18       The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software
19       and other kinds of works.
20
21       The licenses for most software and other practical works  are  designed
22       to  take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
23       the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
24       share  and  change all versions of a program -- to make sure it remains
25       free software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use
26       the  GNU  General  Public  License for most of our software; it applies
27       also to any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply
28       it to your programs, too.
29
30       When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price.
31       Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the
32       freedom  to  distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if
33       you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you  want  it,
34       that  you  can change the software or use pieces of it in new free pro‐
35       grams, and that you know you can do these things.
36
37       To protect your rights, we need to  prevent  others  from  denying  you
38       these  rights  or  asking  you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you
39       have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software,
40       or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
41
42       For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis
43       or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that
44       you  received.   You  must make sure that they, too, receive or can get
45       the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
46       rights.
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48       Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1)
49       assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving
50       you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
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52       For  the  developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
53       that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users'  and
54       authors'  sake,  the  GPL  requires that modified versions be marked as
55       changed, so that their problems will not be attributed  erroneously  to
56       authors of previous versions.
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58       Some  devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modi‐
59       fied versions of the software inside them,  although  the  manufacturer
60       can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protect‐
61       ing users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic  pattern  of
62       such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to use, which
63       is precisely  where  it  is  most  unacceptable.   Therefore,  we  have
64       designed  this  version  of  the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
65       products.  If such problems arise substantially in  other  domains,  we
66       stand  ready  to  extend this provision to those domains in future ver‐
67       sions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
68
69       Finally, every program is threatened constantly  by  software  patents.
70       States  should  not  allow  patents  to restrict development and use of
71       software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
72       avoid  the  special danger that patents applied to a free program could
73       make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL assures that
74       patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
75
76       The  precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modifi‐
77       cation follow.
78
79                                TERMS AND CONDITIONS
80
81       0. Definitions.
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83       “This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
84
85       “Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
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159       The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form  is  that  same
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162       2. Basic Permissions.
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164       All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copy‐
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172       You  may  make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey,
173       without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in  force.
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183       Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely  under  the
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189       No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological mea‐
190       sure  under  any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11
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194       When  you  convey  a  covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
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204       You  may  convey  verbatim  copies  of the Program's source code as you
205       receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously  and  appro‐
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215       5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
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217       You may convey a work based on the Program,  or  the  modifications  to
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221       a)  The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it,
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229       c)  You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to
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232           terms,  to  the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of
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237       d)  If the work has interactive  user  interfaces,  each  must  display
238           Appropriate  Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
239           interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work
240           need not make them do so.
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242       A  compilation  of  a  covered work with other separate and independent
243       works, which are not by their nature extensions of  the  covered  work,
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247       to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's  users  beyond
248       what  the  individual  works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work in an
249       aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the  other  parts  of
250       the aggregate.
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252       6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
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254       You  may  convey  a covered work in object code form under the terms of
255       sections 4 and 5, provided that you also  convey  the  machine-readable
256       Corresponding  Source  under the terms of this License, in one of these
257       ways:
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259       a)  Convey the object code in,  or  embodied  in,  a  physical  product
260           (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Cor‐
261           responding Source fixed on a durable  physical  medium  customarily
262           used for software interchange.
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264       b)  Convey  the  object  code  in,  or  embodied in, a physical product
265           (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a  writ‐
266           ten  offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as
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278           tive  is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if
279           you received the object code with such an  offer,  in  accord  with
280           subsection 6b.
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282       d)  Convey  the  object code by offering access from a designated place
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284           sponding  Source  in the same way through the same place at no fur‐
285           ther charge.  You need not require recipients to  copy  the  Corre‐
286           sponding  Source  along with the object code.  If the place to copy
287           the object code is a network server, the Corresponding  Source  may
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295       e)  Convey the object code using  peer-to-peer  transmission,  provided
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300       A  separable  portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
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304       A  “User  Product”  is either (1) a “consumer product”, which means any
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325       If you convey an object code work under this section in,  or  with,  or
326       specifically  for  use  in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
327       part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use  of  the
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344       Corresponding  Source  conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
345       in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly  docu‐
346       mented  (and  with  an implementation available to the public in source
347       code form), and must require no special password or key for  unpacking,
348       reading or copying.
349
350       7. Additional Terms.
351
352       “Additional  permissions”  are  terms that supplement the terms of this
353       License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.  Addi‐
354       tional  permissions  that are applicable to the entire Program shall be
355       treated as though they were included in this  License,  to  the  extent
356       that  they  are  valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
357       apply only to part of the Program, that part  may  be  used  separately
358       under  those  permissions,  but  the entire Program remains governed by
359       this License without regard to the additional permissions.
360
361       When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove
362       any  additional  permissions  from  that  copy, or from any part of it.
363       (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal  in
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365       missions on material, added by you to a covered  work,  for  which  you
366       have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
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368       Notwithstanding  any  other provision of this License, for material you
369       add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright  holders
370       of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
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372       a)  Disclaiming  warranty  or  limiting  liability differently from the
373           terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
374
375       b)  Requiring preservation of specified  reasonable  legal  notices  or
376           author  attributions  in  that material or in the Appropriate Legal
377           Notices displayed by works containing it; or
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379       c)  Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of  that  material,  or
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383       d)  Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names  of  licensors  or
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386       e)  Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade
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389       f)  Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material
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394
395       All other  non-permissive  additional  terms  are  considered  “further
396       restrictions”  within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
397       received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating  that  it  is
398       governed  by  this License along with a term that is a further restric‐
399       tion, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains a  fur‐
400       ther  restriction  but  permits  relicensing  or  conveying  under this
401       License, you may add to a covered work material governed by  the  terms
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405       If you add terms to a covered work in accord  with  this  section,  you
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408       the applicable terms.
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410       Additional  terms,  permissive  or non-permissive, may be stated in the
411       form of a separately written license,  or  stated  as  exceptions;  the
412       above requirements apply either way.
413
414       8. Termination.
415
416       You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly pro‐
417       vided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify
418       it  is  void,  and  will automatically terminate your rights under this
419       License (including any patent licenses granted under  the  third  para‐
420       graph of section 11).
421
422       However,  if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
423       from a particular copyright holder  is  reinstated  (a)  provisionally,
424       unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates
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426       notify  you  of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days
427       after the cessation.
428
429       Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
430       permanently  if  the  copyright holder notifies you of the violation by
431       some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received  notice
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433       and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt  of  the
434       notice.
435
436       Termination  of  your  rights under this section does not terminate the
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438       this  License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
439       reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new  licenses  for  the  same
440       material under section 10.
441
442       9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
443
444       You  are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run
445       a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work  occur‐
446       ring  solely  as  a  consequence  of using peer-to-peer transmission to
447       receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,  nothing
448       other  than  this  License grants you permission to propagate or modify
449       any covered work.  These actions  infringe  copyright  if  you  do  not
450       accept  this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered
451       work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
452
453       10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
454
455       Each time you  convey  a  covered  work,  the  recipient  automatically
456       receives  a  license  from  the  original licensors, to run, modify and
457       propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not  responsible
458       for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
459
460       An  “entity  transaction”  is  a transaction transferring control of an
461       organization, or substantially all assets of  one,  or  subdividing  an
462       organization,  or  merging  organizations.  If propagation of a covered
463       work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction
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466       previous  paragraph,  plus  a  right to possession of the Corresponding
467       Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor
468       has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
469
470       You  may  not  impose  any  further restrictions on the exercise of the
471       rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For  example,  you  may
472       not  impose  a  license  fee,  royalty, or other charge for exercise of
473       rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate  litigation
474       (including  a  cross-claim  or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
475       any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling,  offering  for
476       sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
477
478       11. Patents.
479
480       A  “contributor”  is  a  copyright holder who authorizes use under this
481       License of the Program or a work on which the Program  is  based.   The
482       work thus licensed is called the contributor's “contributor version”.
483
484       A  contributor's  “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned
485       or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter
486       acquired,  that  would  be  infringed by some manner, permitted by this
487       License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,  but  do
488       not  include  claims  that  would be infringed only as a consequence of
489       further modification of the contributor version.  For purposes of  this
490       definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in
491       a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
492
493       Each contributor grants you a  non-exclusive,  worldwide,  royalty-free
494       patent  license  under  the  contributor's  essential patent claims, to
495       make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run,  modify  and
496       propagate the contents of its contributor version.
497
498       In  the  following  three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express
499       agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce  a  patent
500       (such  as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
501       sue for patent infringement).  To “grant” such a patent  license  to  a
502       party  means  to  make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
503       patent against the party.
504
505       If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on  a  patent  license,
506       and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to
507       copy, free of charge and under the terms of  this  License,  through  a
508       publicly  available  network  server or other readily accessible means,
509       then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so avail‐
510       able,  or  (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent
511       license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a  manner  consis‐
512       tent  with  the  requirements  of  this  License,  to extend the patent
513       license to downstream recipients.  “Knowingly relying” means  you  have
514       actual  knowledge  that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
515       covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered  work
516       in  a  country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
517       country that you have reason to believe are valid.
518
519       If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or  arrange‐
520       ment,  you  convey,  or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered
521       work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties  receiving  the
522       covered  work  authorizing  them  to use, propagate, modify or convey a
523       specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is
524       automatically  extended to all recipients of the covered work and works
525       based on it.
526
527       A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within  the
528       scope  of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on
529       the non-exercise of one or more of the  rights  that  are  specifically
530       granted  under  this License.  You may not convey a covered work if you
531       are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in  the  busi‐
532       ness  of  distributing  software,  under  which you make payment to the
533       third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work,
534       and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would
535       receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license  (a)
536       in  connection  with  copies  of  the  covered work conveyed by you (or
537       copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in  connection
538       with  specific  products or compilations that contain the covered work,
539       unless you entered into that arrangement, or that  patent  license  was
540       granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
541
542       Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any
543       implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be
544       available to you under applicable patent law.
545
546       12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
547
548       If  conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
549       otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do  not
550       excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
551       covered work so as to satisfy  simultaneously  your  obligations  under
552       this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence
553       you may not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms  that
554       obligate  you  to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to
555       whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both  those
556       terms  and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the
557       Program.
558
559       13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
560
561       Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you  have  permis‐
562       sion  to  link  or  combine any covered work with a work licensed under
563       version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a  single  com‐
564       bined  work,  and  to  convey  the  resulting  work.  The terms of this
565       License will continue to apply to the part which is the  covered  work,
566       but  the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
567       section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to  the
568       combination as such.
569
570       14. Revised Versions of this License.
571
572       The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
573       the GNU General Public License from time to time.   Such  new  versions
574       will  be  similar  in  spirit to the present version, but may differ in
575       detail to address new problems or concerns.
576
577       Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the  Program
578       specifies  that  a  certain  numbered version of the GNU General Public
579       License “or any later version” applies to it, you have  the  option  of
580       following  the  terms and conditions either of that numbered version or
581       of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.  If the
582       Program  does  not  specify  a version number of the GNU General Public
583       License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
584       Foundation.
585
586       If  the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions
587       of the GNU General Public License can  be  used,  that  proxy's  public
588       statement  of  acceptance  of  a  version permanently authorizes you to
589       choose that version for the Program.
590
591       Later license versions may give you  additional  or  different  permis‐
592       sions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or
593       copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow  a  later  ver‐
594       sion.
595
596       15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
597
598       THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLI‐
599       CABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLD‐
600       ERS  AND/OR  OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY
601       OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING,  BUT  NOT  LIMITED
602       TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTIC‐
603       ULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
604       PROGRAM  IS  WITH  YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
605       THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
606
607       16. Limitation of Liability.
608
609       IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO  IN  WRITING
610       WILL  ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CON‐
611       VEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE  LIABLE  TO  YOU  FOR  DAMAGES,
612       INCLUDING  ANY  GENERAL,  SPECIAL,  INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
613       ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM  (INCLUDING  BUT
614       NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES
615       SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO  OPER‐
616       ATE  WITH  ANY  OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS
617       BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
618
619       17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
620
621       If the disclaimer of warranty  and  limitation  of  liability  provided
622       above  cannot  be  given  local  legal effect according to their terms,
623       reviewing courts shall apply local law that most  closely  approximates
624       an  absolute  waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Pro‐
625       gram, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies  a  copy
626       of the Program in return for a fee.
627
628                             END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
629
630                    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
631
632       If  you  develop  a  new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
633       possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make  it
634       free  software  which  everyone can redistribute and change under these
635       terms.
636
637       To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest to
638       attach  them to the start of each source file to most effectively state
639       the exclusion of warranty; and each  file  should  have  at  least  the
640       “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
641
642           <  one  line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it
643           does.  >
644           Copyright (C) < year > < name of author >
645
646           This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or  mod‐
647           ify  it  under  the terms of the GNU General Public License as pub‐
648           lished by the Free Software Foundation, either  version  3  of  the
649           License, or (at your option) any later version.
650
651           This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
652           WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the  implied  warranty  of  MER‐
653           CHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Gen‐
654           eral Public License for more details.
655
656           You should have received a copy of the GNU General  Public  License
657           along      with      this      program.       If      not,      see
658           <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
659
660       Also add information on how to contact  you  by  electronic  and  paper
661       mail.
662
663       If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice
664       like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
665
666           <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
667           This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY;  for  details  type
668           “show  w”.   This  is  free software, and you are welcome to redis‐
669           tribute it under certain conditions; type “show c” for details.
670
671       The hypothetical commands “show w” and “show c” should show the  appro‐
672       priate  parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's
673       commands might be different; for a GUI  interface,  you  would  use  an
674       “about box”.
675
676       You  should  also  get  your  employer (if you work as a programmer) or
677       school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for  the  program,  if
678       necessary.   For  more information on this, and how to apply and follow
679       the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
680
681       The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your  pro‐
682       gram  into  proprietary  programs.   If  your  program  is a subroutine
683       library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking  proprietary
684       applications with the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the
685       GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.  But  first,
686       please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
687
688
689
690GNU                                   GPL                               GPL(1)
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