1QALC(1) General Commands Manual QALC(1)
2
6 qalc - Powerful and easy to use command line calculator
7
9 qalc [options] [expression]
10
12 Qalculate! is a multi-purpose cross-platform desktop calculator. It is
13 simple to use but provides power and versatility normally reserved for
14 complicated math packages, as well as useful tools for everyday needs
15 (such as currency conversion and percent calculation). Features include
16 a large library of customizable functions, unit calculations and con‐
17 version, physical constants, symbolic calculations (including integrals
18 and equations), arbitrary precision, uncertainty propagation, interval
19 arithmetic, plotting, and a user-friendly interface. qalc is the com‐
20 mand line interface of Qalculate!.
21
23 -b, --base base
24 set the number base for results and, optionally, expressions
25 -c, --color
27 use colors to highlight different elements of expressions and
28 results
29 -e, --exrates
31 update exchange rates
32 -f, --file file
34 execute commands from a file first
35 -h, --help
37 display this help and exits
38 -i, --interactive
40 start in interactive mode
41 -l, --list [search term]
43 displays a list of all user-defined or matching variables,
44 functions, units, and prefixes.
45 --list-functions [search term]
47 displays a list of all or matching functions.
48 --list-prefixes [search term]
50 displays a list of all or matching prefixes.
51 --list-units [search term]
53 displays a list of all or matching units.
54 --list-variables [search term]
56 displays a list of all or matching variables.
57 -m, --time milliseconds
59 terminate calculation and display of result after specified
60 amount of time
61 -n, --nodefs
63 do not load any functions, units, or variables from file
64 --nocurrencies
66 do not load any global currencies from file
67 --nodatasets
69 do not load any global data sets from file
70 --nofunctions
72 do not load any global functions from file
73 --nounits
75 do not load any global units from file
76 --novariables
78 do not load any global variables from file
79 -p [base]
81 start in programming mode (same as -b "base base" -s "xor^",
82 with base conversion)
83 -s, --set "option value"
85 as set command in interactive program session (ex. --set "base
86 16")
87 -t, --terse
89 reduce output to just the result of the input expression
90 -/+u8 switch unicode support on/off
92 -v, --version
94 show application version and exit
95 The program will start in interactive mode if no expression and no file
97 is specified (or interactive mode is explicitly selected).
98
100 approximate
101 Equivalent to set approximation try exact.
102 assume assumptions
104 Set default assumptions for unknown variables (unknown, non-
105 zero, positive, negative, non-positive, non-negative + number,
106 real, rational, integer, boolean).
107 base base
109 Sets the result number base (equivalent to set base).
110 delete name
112 Removes the user-defined variable or function with the speci‐
113 fied name.
114 Example: delete var1.
115 exact Equivalent to set approximation exact.
117 expand Expands the current result.
119 exrates Downloads current exchange rates from the Internet.
121 factor Factorizes the current result.
123 find, list [name]
125 Displays a list of variables, functions and units. Enter with
126 argument 'currencies', 'functions', 'variables', 'units', or
127 'prefixes' to show a list of all currencies, functions, vari‐
128 ables, units, or prefixes. Enter a search term to find matching
129 variables, functions, units, and/or prefixes. If command is
130 called with no argument all user-definied objects are listed.
131 Example: list functions.
132 Example: find dinar.
133 Example: find variables planck.
134 function name expression
136 Creates a function with the specified name and expression. Use
137 '\x', '\y', '\z', '\a', etc. for arguments in the expression.
138 Example: function func1 5*\x.
139 help [command]
141 info Displays information about a function, variable, unit, or pre‐
143 fix.
144 Example: info sin.
145 MC/MS/M+/M-
147 Memory operations (memory clear, memory store, memory plus,
148 memory minus). Recall the memory using the MR/MRC variable.
149 mode Displays the current mode.
151 partial fraction
153 Applies partial fraction decomposition to the current result.
154 save, store name [category] [title]
156 Saves the current result in a variable with the specified name.
157 You may optionally also provide a category (default "Tempo‐
158 rary") and a title. If name equals "mode" or "definitions",
159 the current mode and definitions, respectively, will be saved.
160 Example: store var1.
161 save definitions
163 save mode
165 set option value
167 to, convert, -> unit/"to"-command
169 Converts the previous result. Equivalent to using "to" at the
170 end of an expression. Example: to m/s
171 Example: to bin
172 variable name expression
174 Create a variable with the specified name and expression.
175 Example: variable var1 pi / 2.
176 quit/exit
178 Terminates the program.
179 Commands for RPN mode:
181 rpn state
183 (De)activates the Reverse Polish Notation stack and syntax.
184 "syntax" activates only the RPN syntax and "stack" enables the
185 RPN stack.
186 stack Displays the RPN stack.
188 clear stack
190 Clears the entire RPN stack.
191 copy [index]
193 Duplicates a value on the RPN stack to the top of the stack. If
194 no index is specified, the top of the stack is duplicated. In‐
195 dex 1 is the top of stack and negative index values count from
196 the bottom of the stack.
197 move index 1 index 2
199 Changes the position of a value on the RPN stack. Index 1 is
200 the top of stack and negative index values count from the bot‐
201 tom of the stack.
202 Example: move 2 4
203 pop [index]
205 Removes the top of the RPN stack or the value at the specified
206 index. Index 1 is the top of stack and negative index values
207 count from the bottom of the stack.
208 rotate [direction]
210 Rotates the RPN stack up (default) or down.
211 swap [index 1] [index 2]
213 Swaps position of values on the RPN stack. If no index is spec‐
214 ified, the values on the top of the stack (index 1 and index 2)
215 will be swapped and if only one index is specified, the value
216 at this index will be swapped with the top value. Index 1 is
217 the top of stack and negative index values count from the bot‐
218 tom of the stack.
219 Example: swap 2 4
220 When a line begins with '/', the text that follows is always inter‐
222 preted as a command.
223
225 Tab shows a list of functions, variables, and units that matches
226 the last object in the current expression
227 Ctrl+D terminates the program
229 Ctrl+E switches between approximation modes (exact, try exact, auto)
231 Ctrl+F switches between fraction modes (simple, decimal, auto)
233 Ctrl+A saves the current result in a temporary variable
235
237 These settings are changed using the set command (e.g. set base 16) or
238 the -s, --set command line option (e.g. qalc -s "base 16"). Possible
239 values are shown in parenthesis. 1 and 0 can be used instead of on and
240 off. If the value is left out, a value of 1 is generally assumed. The
241 default value is marked with '*'.
242 Algebraic mode:
244 algebra mode, alg (1* = expand, 2 = factorize)
246 Determines if the expression is factorized or not after calcu‐
247 lation.
248 assume nonzero denominators, nzd (on*, off)
250 Determines if unknown values will be assumed non-zero (x/x=1).
251 warn nonzero denominators, warnnzd (on*, off)
253 Display a message after a value has been assumed non-zero.
254 assumptions, asm (unknown*, non-zero, positive, negative, non-positive,
256 non-negative + number, real*, rational, integer, boolean)
257 Default assumptions for unknown variables.
258 Calculation:
260 angle unit, angle (0 = none, 1* = radians, 2 = degrees, 3 = gradians)
262 Default angle unit for trigonometric functions.
263 approximation, appr (-1* = auto, 0 = exact, 1 = try exact, 2 = approxi‐
265 mate, 3 = dual)
266 How approximate variables and calculations are handled. In ex‐
267 act mode approximate values will not be calculated.
268 interval arithmetic, ia (on*, off)
270 If activated, interval arithmetic determines the final preci‐
271 sion of calculations (avoids wrong results after loss of sig‐
272 nificance) with approximate functions and/or irrational num‐
273 bers.
274 interval calculation, ic (1* = variance formula, 2 = interval arith‐
276 metic)
277 Determines the method used for interval calculation / uncer‐
278 tainty propagation.
279 precision, prec (> 0) 10*
281 Specifies the default number of significant digits displayed
282 and determines the precision used for approximate calculations.
283 Enabled objects:
285 calculate functions, calcfunc (on*, off)
287 calculate variables, calcvar (on*, off)
289 complex numbers, cplx (on*, off)
291 functions, func (on*, off)
293 infinite numbers, inf (on*, off)
295 units (on*, off)
297 unknowns (on, off*)
299 Interpret undefined symbols in expressions as unknown vari‐
300 ables.
301 variables, var (on*, off)
303 variable units, varunit (on*, off)
305 If activated physical constants include units (e.g. c =
306 299 792 458 m∕s).
307 Generic display options:
309 abbreviations, abbr (on*, off)
311 Use abbreviated names for units and variables.
312 color (0 = off, 1* = default, 2 = light)
314 Use colors to highlight different elements of expressions and
315 results.
316 division sign, divsign (0* = /, 1 = division slash, 2 = division sign)
318 excessive parentheses, expar (on, off*)
320 minus last, minlast (on, off*)
322 Always place negative values last.
323 multiplication sign, mulsign (0 = *, 1 = multiplication dot, 2* = mul‐
325 tiplication x, 3 = middle dot)
326 short multiplication, shortmul (on*, off)
328 spacious, space (on*, off)
330 Add extra space around operators.
331 spell out logical, spellout (on*, off)
333 unicode, uni (on*, off)
335 Display Unicode characters.
336 Numerical display:
338 base (-1114112 - 1114112, bin, oct, dec*, hex, sexa, time, roman)
340 base display, basedisp (0 = none, 1* = normal, 2 = alternative)
342 complex form, cplxform (0* = rectangular, 1 = exponential, 2 = polar, 3
344 = cis, 4 = angle)
345 decimal comma (locale*, off, on)
347 Determines the default decimal separator.
348 digit grouping, group (0* = off, 1 = standard, 2 = locale)
350 fractions, fr (-1* = auto, 0 = off, 1 = exact, 2 = on, 3 = mixed, 4 =
352 long, 5 = dual)
353 Determines how rational numbers are displayed (e.g. 5/4 = 1 +
354 1/4 = 1.25). 'long' removes limits on the size of the numerator
355 and denonimator.
356 hexadecimal two's, hextwos (on, off*)
358 Enables two's complement representation for display of negative
359 hexadecimal numbers.
360 imaginary j, imgj (on, off*)
362 Use 'j' (instead of 'i') as default symbol for the imaginary
363 unit.
364 interval display, ivdisp (0* = adaptive, 1 = significant, 2 = interval,
366 3 = plusminus, 4 = midpoint, 5 = upper, 6 = lower)
367 lowercase e, lowe (on, off*)
369 Use lowercase e for E-notation (5e2 = 5 * 10^2).
370 lowercase numbers, lownum (on, off*)
372 Use lowercase letters for number bases > 10.
373 max decimals, maxdeci (off*, >= 0)
375 min decimals, mindeci (off*, >= 0)
377 round to even, rndeven (on, off*)
379 Determines whether halfway numbers are rounded upwards or to‐
380 wards the nearest even integer.
381 scientific notation, exp (0 = off, -1 = auto*, -3 = engineering, 1 =
383 pure, 3 = scientific, >= 0)
384 Determines how scientific notation is used (e.g. 5 543 000 =
385 5.543E6).
386 show ending zeroes, zeroes (on*, off)
388 If actived, zeroes are kept at the end of approximate numbers.
389 two's complement, twos (on*, off)
391 Enables two's complement representation for display of negative
392 binary numbers.
393 Parsing:
395 caret as xor, xor^ (on, off*)
397 Use ^ as bitwise exclusive OR operator.
398 decimal comma (locale*, off, on)
400 Determines the default decimal separator.
401 ignore comma (on, off*)
403 Allows use of ',' as thousands separator.
404 ignore dot (on, off*)
406 Allows use of '.' as thousands separator.
407 imaginary j, imgj (on, off*)
409 Use 'j' (instead of 'i') as default symbol for the imaginary
410 unit.
411 input base, inbase (-1114112 - 1114112, bin, oct, dec*, hex, roman)
413 limit implicit multiplication, limimpl (on, off*)
415 parsing mode, syntax (0* = adaptive, 1 = implicit first, 2 = conven‐
417 tional, 3 = chain, 4 = rpn)
418 See syntax section.
419 read precision, readprec (0* = off, 1 = always, 2 = when decimals)
421 If activated, numbers are interpreted as approximate with pre‐
422 cision equal to the number of significant digits (3.20 =
423 3.20+/-0.005).
424 Units:
426 all prefixes, allpref (on, off*)
428 Enables automatic use of hecto, deca, deci, and centi.
429 autoconversion, conv (none, optimal*, base, optimalsi, mixed)
431 Controls automatic unit conversion of the result. 'optimalsi'
432 always converts non-SI units, while 'optimal' only converts to
433 more optimal unit expressions, with less units and exponents.
434 binary prefixes, binpref (on, off*)
436 If activated, binary prefixes are used by default for informa‐
437 tion units.
438 currency conversion, curconv (on*, off)
440 Enables automatic conversion to the local currency when optimal
441 unit conversion is enabled.
442 denominator prefixes, denpref (on*, off)
444 Enables automatic use of prefixes in the denominator of unit
445 expressions.
446 place units separately, unitsep (on*, off)
448 If activated, units are separated from variables at the end of
449 the result.
450 prefixes, pref (on*, off)
452 Enables automatic use of prefixes in the result.
453 show negative exponents, negexp (on, off*)
455 Use negative exponents instead of division for units in result
456 (m/s = m*s^-1).
457 sync units, sync (on*, off)
459 temperature units, temp (hybrid*, absolute, relative)
461 Determines how expressions with temperature units are calcu‐
462 lated (hybrid acts as absolute if the expression contains dif‐
463 ferent temperature units, otherwise as relative).
464 update exchange rates, upxrates (-1 = ask*, 0 = never, > 0 = days)
466 Other:
468 ignore locale (yes, no*)
470 Ignore system language and use English (requires restart).
471 rpn (on, off*)
473 Activates the Reverse Polish Notation stack.
474 save definitions (yes*, no)
476 Save functions, units, and variables on exit.
477 save mode (yes*, no)
479 Save settings on exit.
480
482 Mathematical entities:
483 Numbers
485 These are the regular numbers composed by digits 0-9 and a deci‐
486 mal sign — a dot, or a comma if it is the default decimal point
487 in the locale/language used. If comma is used as decimal sign,
488 the dot is still kept as an alternative decimal sign, if not ex‐
489 plicitly deactivated. Numbers include integers, real numbers,
490 and complex numbers. The imaginary part of complex numbers are
491 written with as regular number followed by the special variable
492 "i" (can be changed to a "j"), which represents the square root
493 of -1. Spaces between digits are ignored ("5 5 = 55"). "E" (or
494 "e") can be considered as a shortcut for writing many zeroes and
495 is equivalent to multiplication by 10 raised to the power of the
496 right-hand value (e.g. "5E3 = 5000"). Sexagesimal numbers (and
497 time) can be entered directly using colons (e.g. "5:30 = 5.5").
498 A number immediately preceded "0b", "0o", "0d" or "0x" are in‐
499 terpreted as a number with base 2, 8, 12 or 16, respectively
500 (e.g. "0x3f = 63").
501 Intervals
503 A number interval can be entered using the interval() function,
504 the uncertainty() function, or using "±" or "+/-" (e.g. 5±1 =
505 uncertainty(5, 0.2) = interval(4, 6)). If the read precision op‐
506 tion is activated, decimal numbers are interpreted as an inter‐
507 val between the numbers that are normally rounded to the entered
508 number (e.g. 1.1 = 1.1±0.05). If interval calculation using
509 variance formula is activated (default), the interval represents
510 the standard uncertainty (deviation) of the value.
511 Vectors and Matrices
513 A matrix is a two-dimensional rectangular array of mathematical
514 objects. Vectors are matrices with only one row or column, and
515 thus one-dimensional sequences of objects. Vectors and matrices
516 are generated by various functions, or using syntax in the form
517 of [1, 2, 3, 4] and [[1, 2], [3, 4]].
518 Variables/Constants
520 See the list of variables in the GUI manual or using the command
521 .I list variables
522 Functions
524 See the list of functions in the GUI manual or using the command
525 .I list functions
526 Units and Prefixes
528 See the list of units and prefixes in the GUI manual or using
529 the command .I list units. Abbreviated, plural and singular
530 forms of unit names and prefixes are generally allowed. Prefixes
531 must be put immediately before the unit to be interpreted as
532 prefixes (eg. 5 mm = 0.005 m, but 5 m m = 5 m^2). For conve‐
533 nience units allow the power operator to be left out (e.g. 5 m2
534 = 5 m^2), with currencies excluded.
535 Unknowns
537 Unknowns are text strings without any associated value. These
538 are temporary unknown variables with default assumptions. Un‐
539 knowns can also be explicitly entered by placing a backslash (\)
540 before a single character (e.g. 5\a + 2\b) or using quotation
541 mark before and after a text string (e.g. 5 "apples" + 2 "ba‐
542 nanas"). If unknowns are activated characters without any asso‐
543 ciated variable, function or unit in an expression, will be re‐
544 garded as an unknown variable.
545 Date and Time
547 Date/time values are specified using quoted text string (quota‐
548 tion marks are not needed for function arguments), using stan‐
549 dard date and time format (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS). Some local for‐
550 mats are also supported, but not recommended. The local time
551 zone are used, unless a time zone is specified at the end of the
552 time string (Z/UTC/GMT or +/-HH:MM). Date/time supports a small
553 subset of arithmetic operations. The time units represents cal‐
554 endar time, instead of average values, when added or subtracted
555 to a date.
556 Text
558 This category represent a number of different function argument
559 types, such as regular text and file names. They can, but do not
560 need to be put in quotes except when containing the argument
561 separator.
562 Comments
564 All text after a hashtag (e.g. (5*2)/2 #calculating triangle
565 area) is treated as a comment, which are added to the history.
566 Operations and operators (word operators such as AND must be surrounded
568 by space):
569 Addition (+)
571 Subtraction (-)
573 Multiplication (*)
575 Division (/)
577 Remainder (%, rem) and modulo (%%, mod)
579 Returns the remainder after division.
580 Integer division (//, div)
582 Rounds the result of division towards zero.
583 Exponentiation (^, **)
585 Note that x^y^z equals x^(y^z), and not (x^y)^z. Note also that
586 for non-integer exponents with negative bases, the principal
587 root is returned and not the real root ((-8)^(1/3) equals 1 +
588 1.73i, and not -2). To calculate the real root for negative val‐
589 ues, use the cbrt() and root() functions.
590 10^x (E)
592 Parenthesis ((, ))
594 Logical operators (!, NOT, ||, OR, &&, AND, XOR, NOR, NAND)
596 Bitwise operators (~, |, &, <<, >>, XOR)
598 Comparison operators (=, !=, <, <=, >, >=)
600 Returns 1 if expression is true and 0 if false. The x variable
601 is isolated if the expression does not evaluate as true or
602 false. Primarily used for equations and inequalities.
603 Dot product (.)
605 Element-wise operators (.*, ./, .^)
607 Save operator (:=)
609 Saves the expression to the right of the operator as a variable
610 or function (e.g. var1:=5, func1():=x+y).
611 Evaluation priority order: parenthesis, 10^x, exponentiation, func‐
613 tions, bitwise NOT, logical NOT, multiplication/division/remainder, ad‐
614 dition/subtraction, bitwise NOT, bitwise shift, comparisons, bitwise
615 AND, bitwise XOR, bitwise OR, logical AND, logical OR.
616 The evaluation of short/implicit multiplication without any multiplica‐
618 tion sign (e.g. 5x, 5(2+3)), differs depending on the parsing mode. In
619 the conventional mode implicit multiplication does not differ from ex‐
620 plicit multiplication (12/2(1+2) = 12/2*3 = 18, 5x/5y = 5 * x/5 * y =
621 xy). In the parse implicit multiplication first mode, implicit multi‐
622 plication is parsed before explicit multiplication (12/2(1+2) = 12/(2 *
623 3) = 2, 5x/5y = (5 * x)/(5 * y) = x/y). The default adaptive mode works
624 as the parse implicit multiplication first mode, unless spaces are
625 found (1/5x = 1/(5 * x), but 1/5 x = (1/5) * x). In the adaptive mode
626 unit expressions are parsed separately (5 m/5 m/s = (5 * m)/(5 * (m/s))
627 = 1 s). Function arguments without parentheses are an exception, where
628 implicit multiplication in front of variables and units is parsed first
629 regardless of mode (sqrt 2x = sqrt(2x)).
630 In chain mode, expressions are calculated from left to right, ignoring
632 standard order of operations, like the immediate execution mode of a
633 traditional calculator (1+2*3 = (1+2)*3 = 9).
634 The "to"-operator is used for unit conversion and manipulation of how
636 the result is presented. Place " to " or a right arrow (e.g. "->") fol‐
637 lowed by one of expressions/commands the below, at the end of an ex‐
638 pression.
639 Unit conversion
641 - a unit or unit expression (e.g. meter or km/h)
642 prepend with ? to request the optimal prefix
643 prepend with b? to request the optimal binary prefix
644 prepend with + or - to force/disable use of mixed units
645 - a variable or physical constant (e.g. c)
646 - base (convert to base units)
647 - optimal (convert to optimal unit)
648 - mixed (convert to mixed units, e.g. hours + minutes)
649 Number base conversion
651 - bin, binary (show as binary number)
652 - bin# (show as binary number with specified number of bits)
653 - oct, octal (show as octal number)
654 - duo, duodecimal (show as duodecimal number)
655 - hex, hexadecimal (show as hexadecimal number)
656 - hex# (show as hexadecimal number with specified number of
657 bits)
658 - sex, sexa2, sexa3, sexagesimal (show as sexagesimal number;
659 sexa2 hides and sexa3 rounds arcseconds)
660 - latitude, latitude2, longitude, longitude2 (show as sexagesi‐
661 mal latitude/longitude; latitude2 and longitude2 hide arcsec‐
662 onds)
663 - bijective (shown in bijective base-26)
664 - fp16, fp32, fp64, fp80, fp128 (show in binary floating-point
665 format)
666 - roman (show as roman numerals)
667 - time (show in time format)
668 - unicode
669 - base # (show in specified number base)
670 - bases (show as binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal number)
671 Complex format
673 - rectangular, cartesian (show complex numbers in rectangular
674 form)
675 - exponential (show complex numbers in exponential form)
676 - polar (show complex numbers in polar form)
677 - cis (show complex numbers in cis form)
678 - angle, phasor (show complex numbers in angle/phasor notation)
679 Time and date conversion
681 - UTC (show date and time in UTC time zone)
682 - UTC+/-hh[:mm] (show date and time in specified time zone)
683 - calendars
684 Other conversion commands
686 - fraction (show result as mixed fraction)
687 - factors (factorize result)
688 Similarly where (or alternatively "/.") can be used at the end (but be‐
690 fore "to"), for variable assignments, function replacements, etc. (e.g.
691 "x+y where x=1 and y=2", "x^2=4 where x>0", and "sin(5) where
692 sin()=cos()").
693
695 Note that semicolon can be replaced with comma, if comma is not used as
696 decimal or thousands separator.
697 Basic functions and operators
699 sqrt 4 = sqrt(4)
701 = 4^(0.5)
702 = 4^(1/2)
703 = 2
704 sqrt(25; 16; 9; 4)
706 = [5; 4; 3; 2]
707 sqrt(32)
709 = 4 * sqrt(2) (in exact mode)
710 cbrt(-27)
712 = root(-27; 3)
713 = -3 (real root)
714 (-27)^(1/3)
716 = 1.5 + 2.5980762i (principal root)
717 ln 25 = log(25; e)
719 = 3.2188758
720 log2(4)/log10(100)
722 = log(4; 2)/log(100; 10)
723 = 1
724 5! = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5
726 = 120
727 5\2 (integer division)
729 = 5//2
730 = trunc(5/2)
731 = 2
732 5 mod 3 = mod(5; 3)
734 = 2
735 52 to factors
737 = 2^2 * 13
738 25/4 * 3/5 to fraction
740 = 3 + 3/4
741 gcd(63; 27)
743 = 9
744 sin(pi/2) - cos(pi)
746 = sin(90 deg) - cos(180 deg)
747 = 2
748 sum(x; 1; 5)
750 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15
751 sum(i^2+sin(i); 1; 5; i)
753 = 1^2 + sin(1) + 2^2 + sin(2) + ... = 55.176162
754 product(x; 1; 5)
756 = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 = 120
757 var1:=5 store value 5 in variable var1
759 5^2 #this is a comment
761 = 25
762 sinh(0.5) where sinh()=cosh()
764 = cosh(0.5) = 1.1276260
765 plot(x^2; -5; 5)
767 plots the function y=x^2 from -5 to 5
768 Units
770 5 dm3 to L
772 = 25 dm^3 to L
773 = 5 L
774 20 miles / 2h to km/h
776 = 16.09344 km/h
777 1.74 to ft = 1.74 m to ft
779 = 5 ft + 8.5039370 in
780 1.74 m to -ft
782 = 5.7086614 ft
783 100 lbf * 60 mph to hp
785 = 16 hp
786 50 Ω * 2 A
788 = 100 V
789 50 Ω * 2 A to base
791 = 100 kg*m^2*s^-3*A^-1
792 10 N / 5 Pa
794 = (10 N)/(5 Pa) = 2 m^2
795 5 m/s to s/m
797 = 0.2 s/m
798 500 EUR - 20% to USD
800 = 451.04 USD
801 500 megabit/s * 2 h to b?byte
803 = 419.09516 gibibytes
804 Physical constants
806 k_e / G * a_0
808 = (coulombs_constant / newtonian_constant) * bohr_radius
809 = 7.126e9 kg*H*m^-1
810 planck ∕ (compton_wavelength * c)
812 = 9.1093837e-31 kg
813 5 ns * rydberg to c
815 = 6.0793194E-8c
816 atom(Hg; weight) + atom(C; weight) * 4 to g
818 = 4.129e-22 g
819 (G * planet(earth; mass) * planet(mars; mass))/(54.6e6 km)^2
821 = 8.58e16 N (gravitational attraction between earth and mars)
822 Uncertainty and interval arithmetic
824 result with interval arithmetic activated is shown in parenthesis
825 sin(5+/-0.2)^2/2+/-0.3
827 = 0.460±0.088 (0.46+/-0.12)
828 (2+/-0.02 J)/(523+/-5 W)
830 = 3.824+/-0.053 ms (3.82+/-±0.075 ms)
831 interval(-2; 5)^2
833 = intervall(-8.2500000; 12.750000) (intervall(0; 25))
834 Algebra
836 (5x^2 + 2)/(x - 3)
838 = 5x + 15 + 47/(x - 3)
839 (\a + \b)(\a - \b) = ("a" + "b")("a" - "b")
841 = 'a'^2 - 'b'^2
842 (x + 2)(x - 3)^3
844 = x^4 - 7x^3 + 9x^2 + 27x - 54
845 factorize x^4 - 7x^3 + 9x^2 + 27x - 54
847 = x^4 - 7x^3 + 9x^2 + 27x - 54 to factors
848 = (x + 2)(x - 3)^3
849 cos(x)+3y^2 where x=pi and y=2
851 = 11
852 gcd(25x; 5x^2)
854 = 5x
855 1/(x^2+2x-3) to partial fraction
857 = 1/(4x - 4) - 1/(4x + 12)
858 x+x^2+4 = 16
860 x = 3 or x = -4
861 x^2/(5 m) - hypot(x; 4 m) = 2 m where x > 0
863 x = 7.1340411 m
864 cylinder(20cm; x) = 20L
866 x = (1 / (2pi)) m
867 x = 16 cm (height of 20 L cylinder with radius 20 cm)
868 asin(sqrt(x)) = 0.2
870 x = sin(0.2)^2
871 x = 0.039469503
872 x^2 > 25x
874 = x > 25 or x < 0
875 solve(x = y+ln(y); y)
877 = lambertw(e^x)
878 solve2(5x=2y^2; sqrt(y)=2; x; y)
880 = 32/5
881 multisolve([5x=2y+32; y=2z; z=2x]; [x; y; z])
883 = [-32/3; -128/3; -64/3]
884 dsolve(diff(y; x) - 2y = 4x; 5)
886 = 6e^(2x) - 2x - 1
887 Calculus
889 diff(6x^2)
891 = 12x
892 diff(sinh(x^2)/(5x) + 3xy/sqrt(x))
894 = (2/5) * cosh(x^2) - sinh(x^2)/(5x^2) + (3y)/(2 * sqrt(x))
895 integrate(6x^2)
897 = 2x^3 + C
898 integrate(6x^2; 1; 5)
900 = 248
901 integrate(sinh(x^2)/(5x) + 3xy/sqrt(x))
903 = 2x * sqrt(x) * y + Shi(x^2) / 10 + C
904 integrate(sinh(x^2)/(5x) + 3xy/sqrt(x); 1; 2)
906 = 3.6568542y + 0.87600760
907 limit(ln(1 + 4x)/(3^x - 1); 0)
909 = 4 / ln(3)
910 Matrices and vectors
912 ((1; 2; 3); (4; 5; 6))
914 = [[1; 2; 3]; [4; 5; 6]] (2x3 matrix)
915 (1; 2; 3) * 2 - 2
917 = [1 * 2 - 2; 2 * 2 - 2; 3 * 2 - 2]
918 = [0; 2; 4]
919 (1; 2; 3).(4; 5; 6)
921 = dot((1; 2; 3); (4; 5; 6))
922 = 32 (dot product)
923 cross((1; 2; 3); (4; 5; 6))
925 = [-3; 6; -3] (cross product)
926 hadamard([[1; 2; 3]; [4; 5; 6]]; [[7; 8; 9]; [10; 11; 12]])
928 = [[7; 16; 27]; [40; 55; 72]] (hadamard product)
929 ((1; 2; 3); (4; 5; 6)) * ((7; 8); (9; 10); (11; 12))
931 = [[58; 64]; [139; 154]] (matrix multiplication)
932 ((1; 2); (3; 4))^-1
934 = inverse([[1; 2]; [3; 4]])
935 = [[-2; 1]; [1.5; -0.5]]
936 Statistics
938 mean(5; 6; 4; 2; 3; 7)
940 = 4.5
941 stdev(5; 6; 4; 2; 3; 7)
943 = 1.87
944 quartile((5; 6; 4; 2; 3; 7); 1)
946 = percentile([5; 6; 4; 2; 3; 7]; 25)
947 = 2.9166667
948 normdist(7; 5)
950 = 0.053990967
951 spearman(column(load(test.csv); 1); column(load(test.csv); 2))
953 = -0.33737388 (depends on the data in the CSV file)
954 Time and date
956 10:31 + 8:30 to time
958 = 19:01
959 10h 31min + 8h 30min to time
961 = 19:01
962 now to utc
964 = "2020-07-10T07:50:40Z"
965 "2020-07-10T07:50CET" to utc+8
967 = "2020-07-10T14:50:00+08:00"
968 "2020-05-20" + 523d
970 = addDays(2020-05-20; 523)
971 = "2021-10-25"
972 today - 5 days
974 = "2020-07-05"
975 "2020-10-05" - today
977 = days(today; 2020-10-05)
978 = 87
979 timestamp(2020-05-20)
981 = 1 589 925 600
982 stamptodate(1 589 925 600)
984 = "2020-05-20T00:00:00"
985 "2020-05-20" to calendars
987 returns date in Hebrew, Islamic, Persian, Indian, Chinese, Ju‐
988 lian, Coptic, and Ethiopian calendars
989 Number bases
991 52 to bin
993 = 0011 0100
994 52 to bin16
996 = 0000 0000 0011 0100
997 52 to oct
999 = 064
1000 52 to hex
1002 = 0x34
1003 0x34 = hex(34)
1005 = base(34; 16)
1006 = 52
1007 523<<2&250 to bin
1009 = 0010 1000
1010 52.345 to float
1012 = 0100 0010 0101 0001 0110 0001 0100 1000
1013 float(01000010010100010110000101001000)
1015 = 1715241/32768
1016 = 52.345001
1017 floatError(52.345)
1019 = 1.2207031e-6
1020 52.34 to sexa
1022 = 52°20'24"
1023 1978 to roman
1025 = MCMLXXVIII
1026 52 to base 32
1028 = 1K
1029 sqrt(32) to base sqrt(2)
1031 = 100000
1032
1034 The manual of the graphical user interface at https://qalcu‐
1035 late.github.io/manual/index.html (includes more details about the syn‐
1036 tax and elements supported in mathematical expressions, and various op‐
1037 tions, and includes a complete list of functions, variables, and units)
1038
1040 Please report any bugs at https://github.com/Qalculate/libqalculate/is‐
1041 sues
1042
1044 Hanna Knutsson <hanna.knutsson@protonmail.com>.
1045 13 July 2020 QALC(1)