1CHGRP(1P)                  POSIX Programmer's Manual                 CHGRP(1P)
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PROLOG

6       This  manual  page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
7       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the  corresponding
8       Linux  manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
9       not be implemented on Linux.
10

NAME

12       chgrp — change the file group ownership
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SYNOPSIS

15       chgrp [-h] group file...
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17       chgrp -R [-H|-L|-P] group file...
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DESCRIPTION

20       The chgrp utility shall set the group ID of the file named by each file
21       operand to the group ID specified by the group operand.
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23       For  each file operand, or, if the -R option is used, each file encoun‐
24       tered while walking the directory trees specified by the file operands,
25       the chgrp utility shall perform actions equivalent to the chown() func‐
26       tion defined in the System Interfaces volume  of  POSIX.1‐2017,  called
27       with the following arguments:
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29        *  The file operand shall be used as the path argument.
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31        *  The user ID of the file shall be used as the owner argument.
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33        *  The specified group ID shall be used as the group argument.
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35       Unless  chgrp  is invoked by a process with appropriate privileges, the
36       set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of a regular file  shall  be  cleared
37       upon  successful  completion;  the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of
38       other file types may be cleared.
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OPTIONS

41       The chgrp utility shall conform  to  the  Base  Definitions  volume  of
42       POSIX.1‐2017, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
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44       The following options shall be supported by the implementation:
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46       -h        For  each  file  operand  that  names a file of type symbolic
47                 link, chgrp shall attempt to set the group ID of the symbolic
48                 link instead of the file referenced by the symbolic link.
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50       -H        If the -R option is specified and a symbolic link referencing
51                 a file of type directory is specified on  the  command  line,
52                 chgrp  shall  change the group of the directory referenced by
53                 the symbolic link and all files in the file  hierarchy  below
54                 it.
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56       -L        If the -R option is specified and a symbolic link referencing
57                 a file of type directory is specified on the command line  or
58                 encountered  during  the traversal of a file hierarchy, chgrp
59                 shall change the group of the  directory  referenced  by  the
60                 symbolic link and all files in the file hierarchy below it.
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62       -P        If  the  -R option is specified and a symbolic link is speci‐
63                 fied on the command line or encountered during the  traversal
64                 of  a  file hierarchy, chgrp shall change the group ID of the
65                 symbolic link. The chgrp utility shall not  follow  the  sym‐
66                 bolic link to any other part of the file hierarchy.
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68       -R        Recursively change file group IDs. For each file operand that
69                 names a directory, chgrp shall change the group of the direc‐
70                 tory  and  all files in the file hierarchy below it. Unless a
71                 -H, -L, or -P option is specified, it is unspecified which of
72                 these options will be used as the default.
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74       Specifying  more than one of the mutually-exclusive options -H, -L, and
75       -P shall not be considered an error. The last  option  specified  shall
76       determine the behavior of the utility.
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OPERANDS

79       The following operands shall be supported:
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81       group     A  group  name from the group database or a numeric group ID.
82                 Either specifies a group ID to be given to each file named by
83                 one  of  the file operands. If a numeric group operand exists
84                 in the group database as a group name, the  group  ID  number
85                 associated with that group name is used as the group ID.
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87       file      A pathname of a file whose group ID is to be modified.
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STDIN

90       Not used.
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INPUT FILES

93       None.
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ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

96       The  following  environment  variables  shall  affect  the execution of
97       chgrp:
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99       LANG      Provide a default value for  the  internationalization  vari‐
100                 ables  that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions vol‐
101                 ume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 8.2, Internationalization  Vari‐
102                 ables  for  the  precedence of internationalization variables
103                 used to determine the values of locale categories.)
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105       LC_ALL    If set to a non-empty string value, override  the  values  of
106                 all the other internationalization variables.
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108       LC_CTYPE  Determine  the  locale for the interpretation of sequences of
109                 bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
110                 opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).
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112       LC_MESSAGES
113                 Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format
114                 and contents  of  diagnostic  messages  written  to  standard
115                 error.
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117       NLSPATH   Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing
118                 of LC_MESSAGES.
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ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS

121       Default.
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STDOUT

124       Not used.
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STDERR

127       The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
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OUTPUT FILES

130       None.
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EXTENDED DESCRIPTION

133       None.
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EXIT STATUS

136       The following exit values shall be returned:
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138        0    The utility executed successfully and all requested changes  were
139             made.
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141       >0    An error occurred.
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CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS

144       Default.
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146       The following sections are informative.
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APPLICATION USAGE

149       Only  the  owner  of a file or the user with appropriate privileges may
150       change the owner or group of a file.
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152       Some implementations restrict the use of chgrp to a user with appropri‐
153       ate  privileges  when the group specified is not the effective group ID
154       or one of the supplementary group IDs of the calling process.
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EXAMPLES

157       None.
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RATIONALE

160       The System V and BSD versions use different  exit  status  codes.  Some
161       implementations used the exit status as a count of the number of errors
162       that occurred; this practice is unworkable since it  can  overflow  the
163       range  of  valid  exit  status values. The standard developers chose to
164       mask these by specifying only 0 and >0 as exit values.
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166       The functionality of chgrp is described  substantially  through  refer‐
167       ences  to  chown().   In  this  way,  there is no duplication of effort
168       required for  describing  the  interactions  of  permissions,  multiple
169       groups, and so on.
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FUTURE DIRECTIONS

172       None.
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SEE ALSO

175       chmod, chown
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177       The  Base  Definitions  volume  of POSIX.1‐2017, Chapter 8, Environment
178       Variables, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines
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180       The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017, chown()
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183       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in  electronic  form
184       from  IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology -- Por‐
185       table Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base  Specifi‐
186       cations  Issue  7, 2018 Edition, Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
187       Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.   In  the
188       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
189       The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group  Standard
190       is  the  referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
191       at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
192
193       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear  in  this  page  are
194       most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
195       files to man page format. To report such errors,  see  https://www.ker
196       nel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
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200IEEE/The Open Group                  2017                            CHGRP(1P)
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