1PKCS12(1)                           OpenSSL                          PKCS12(1)
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NAME

6       openssl-pkcs12, pkcs12 - PKCS#12 file utility
7

SYNOPSIS

9       openssl pkcs12 [-help] [-export] [-chain] [-inkey file_or_id]
10       [-certfile filename] [-name name] [-caname name] [-in filename] [-out
11       filename] [-noout] [-nomacver] [-nocerts] [-clcerts] [-cacerts]
12       [-nokeys] [-info] [-des | -des3 | -idea | -aes128 | -aes192 | -aes256 |
13       -aria128 | -aria192 | -aria256 | -camellia128 | -camellia192 |
14       -camellia256 | -nodes] [-noiter] [-maciter | -nomaciter | -nomac]
15       [-twopass] [-descert] [-certpbe cipher] [-keypbe cipher] [-macalg
16       digest] [-keyex] [-keysig] [-password arg] [-passin arg] [-passout arg]
17       [-rand file...]  [-writerand file] [-CAfile file] [-CApath dir]
18       [-no-CAfile] [-no-CApath] [-CSP name]
19

DESCRIPTION

21       The pkcs12 command allows PKCS#12 files (sometimes referred to as PFX
22       files) to be created and parsed. PKCS#12 files are used by several
23       programs including Netscape, MSIE and MS Outlook.
24

OPTIONS

26       There are a lot of options the meaning of some depends of whether a
27       PKCS#12 file is being created or parsed. By default a PKCS#12 file is
28       parsed. A PKCS#12 file can be created by using the -export option (see
29       below).
30

PARSING OPTIONS

32       -help
33           Print out a usage message.
34
35       -in filename
36           This specifies filename of the PKCS#12 file to be parsed. Standard
37           input is used by default.
38
39       -out filename
40           The filename to write certificates and private keys to, standard
41           output by default.  They are all written in PEM format.
42
43       -passin arg
44           The PKCS#12 file (i.e. input file) password source. For more
45           information about the format of arg see "Pass Phrase Options" in
46           openssl(1).
47
48       -passout arg
49           Pass phrase source to encrypt any outputted private keys with. For
50           more information about the format of arg see "Pass Phrase Options"
51           in openssl(1).
52
53       -password arg
54           With -export, -password is equivalent to -passout.  Otherwise,
55           -password is equivalent to -passin.
56
57       -noout
58           This option inhibits output of the keys and certificates to the
59           output file version of the PKCS#12 file.
60
61       -clcerts
62           Only output client certificates (not CA certificates).
63
64       -cacerts
65           Only output CA certificates (not client certificates).
66
67       -nocerts
68           No certificates at all will be output.
69
70       -nokeys
71           No private keys will be output.
72
73       -info
74           Output additional information about the PKCS#12 file structure,
75           algorithms used and iteration counts.
76
77       -des
78           Use DES to encrypt private keys before outputting.
79
80       -des3
81           Use triple DES to encrypt private keys before outputting, this is
82           the default.
83
84       -idea
85           Use IDEA to encrypt private keys before outputting.
86
87       -aes128, -aes192, -aes256
88           Use AES to encrypt private keys before outputting.
89
90       -aria128, -aria192, -aria256
91           Use ARIA to encrypt private keys before outputting.
92
93       -camellia128, -camellia192, -camellia256
94           Use Camellia to encrypt private keys before outputting.
95
96       -nodes
97           Don't encrypt the private keys at all.
98
99       -nomacver
100           Don't attempt to verify the integrity MAC before reading the file.
101
102       -twopass
103           Prompt for separate integrity and encryption passwords: most
104           software always assumes these are the same so this option will
105           render such PKCS#12 files unreadable. Cannot be used in combination
106           with the options -password, -passin (if importing) or -passout (if
107           exporting).
108

FILE CREATION OPTIONS

110       -export
111           This option specifies that a PKCS#12 file will be created rather
112           than parsed.
113
114       -out filename
115           This specifies filename to write the PKCS#12 file to. Standard
116           output is used by default.
117
118       -in filename
119           The filename to read certificates and private keys from, standard
120           input by default.  They must all be in PEM format. The order
121           doesn't matter but one private key and its corresponding
122           certificate should be present. If additional certificates are
123           present they will also be included in the PKCS#12 file.
124
125       -inkey file_or_id
126           File to read private key from. If not present then a private key
127           must be present in the input file.  If no engine is used, the
128           argument is taken as a file; if an engine is specified, the
129           argument is given to the engine as a key identifier.
130
131       -name friendlyname
132           This specifies the "friendly name" for the certificate and private
133           key. This name is typically displayed in list boxes by software
134           importing the file.
135
136       -certfile filename
137           A filename to read additional certificates from.
138
139       -caname friendlyname
140           This specifies the "friendly name" for other certificates. This
141           option may be used multiple times to specify names for all
142           certificates in the order they appear. Netscape ignores friendly
143           names on other certificates whereas MSIE displays them.
144
145       -pass arg, -passout arg
146           The PKCS#12 file (i.e. output file) password source. For more
147           information about the format of arg see "Pass Phrase Options" in
148           openssl(1).
149
150       -passin password
151           Pass phrase source to decrypt any input private keys with. For more
152           information about the format of arg see "Pass Phrase Options" in
153           openssl(1).
154
155       -chain
156           If this option is present then an attempt is made to include the
157           entire certificate chain of the user certificate. The standard CA
158           store is used for this search. If the search fails it is considered
159           a fatal error.
160
161       -descert
162           Encrypt the certificate using triple DES, this may render the
163           PKCS#12 file unreadable by some "export grade" software. By default
164           the private key is encrypted using triple DES and the certificate
165           using 40 bit RC2 unless RC2 is disabled in which case triple DES is
166           used.
167
168       -keypbe alg, -certpbe alg
169           These options allow the algorithm used to encrypt the private key
170           and certificates to be selected. Any PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 PBE
171           algorithm name can be used (see NOTES section for more
172           information). If a cipher name (as output by the list-cipher-
173           algorithms command is specified then it is used with PKCS#5 v2.0.
174           For interoperability reasons it is advisable to only use PKCS#12
175           algorithms.
176
177       -keyex|-keysig
178           Specifies that the private key is to be used for key exchange or
179           just signing.  This option is only interpreted by MSIE and similar
180           MS software. Normally "export grade" software will only allow 512
181           bit RSA keys to be used for encryption purposes but arbitrary
182           length keys for signing. The -keysig option marks the key for
183           signing only. Signing only keys can be used for S/MIME signing,
184           authenticode (ActiveX control signing)  and SSL client
185           authentication, however, due to a bug only MSIE 5.0 and later
186           support the use of signing only keys for SSL client authentication.
187
188       -macalg digest
189           Specify the MAC digest algorithm. If not included them SHA1 will be
190           used.
191
192       -nomaciter, -noiter
193           These options affect the iteration counts on the MAC and key
194           algorithms.  Unless you wish to produce files compatible with MSIE
195           4.0 you should leave these options alone.
196
197           To discourage attacks by using large dictionaries of common
198           passwords the algorithm that derives keys from passwords can have
199           an iteration count applied to it: this causes a certain part of the
200           algorithm to be repeated and slows it down. The MAC is used to
201           check the file integrity but since it will normally have the same
202           password as the keys and certificates it could also be attacked.
203           By default both MAC and encryption iteration counts are set to
204           2048, using these options the MAC and encryption iteration counts
205           can be set to 1, since this reduces the file security you should
206           not use these options unless you really have to. Most software
207           supports both MAC and key iteration counts.  MSIE 4.0 doesn't
208           support MAC iteration counts so it needs the -nomaciter option.
209
210       -maciter
211           This option is included for compatibility with previous versions,
212           it used to be needed to use MAC iterations counts but they are now
213           used by default.
214
215       -nomac
216           Don't attempt to provide the MAC integrity.
217
218       -rand file...
219           A file or files containing random data used to seed the random
220           number generator.  Multiple files can be specified separated by an
221           OS-dependent character.  The separator is ; for MS-Windows, , for
222           OpenVMS, and : for all others.
223
224       [-writerand file]
225           Writes random data to the specified file upon exit.  This can be
226           used with a subsequent -rand flag.
227
228       -CAfile file
229           CA storage as a file.
230
231       -CApath dir
232           CA storage as a directory. This directory must be a standard
233           certificate directory: that is a hash of each subject name (using
234           x509 -hash) should be linked to each certificate.
235
236       -no-CAfile
237           Do not load the trusted CA certificates from the default file
238           location.
239
240       -no-CApath
241           Do not load the trusted CA certificates from the default directory
242           location.
243
244       -CSP name
245           Write name as a Microsoft CSP name.
246

NOTES

248       Although there are a large number of options most of them are very
249       rarely used. For PKCS#12 file parsing only -in and -out need to be used
250       for PKCS#12 file creation -export and -name are also used.
251
252       If none of the -clcerts, -cacerts or -nocerts options are present then
253       all certificates will be output in the order they appear in the input
254       PKCS#12 files. There is no guarantee that the first certificate present
255       is the one corresponding to the private key. Certain software which
256       requires a private key and certificate and assumes the first
257       certificate in the file is the one corresponding to the private key:
258       this may not always be the case. Using the -clcerts option will solve
259       this problem by only outputting the certificate corresponding to the
260       private key. If the CA certificates are required then they can be
261       output to a separate file using the -nokeys -cacerts options to just
262       output CA certificates.
263
264       The -keypbe and -certpbe algorithms allow the precise encryption
265       algorithms for private keys and certificates to be specified. Normally
266       the defaults are fine but occasionally software can't handle triple DES
267       encrypted private keys, then the option -keypbe PBE-SHA1-RC2-40 can be
268       used to reduce the private key encryption to 40 bit RC2. A complete
269       description of all algorithms is contained in the pkcs8 manual page.
270
271       Prior 1.1 release passwords containing non-ASCII characters were
272       encoded in non-compliant manner, which limited interoperability, in
273       first hand with Windows. But switching to standard-compliant password
274       encoding poses problem accessing old data protected with broken
275       encoding. For this reason even legacy encodings is attempted when
276       reading the data. If you use PKCS#12 files in production application
277       you are advised to convert the data, because implemented heuristic
278       approach is not MT-safe, its sole goal is to facilitate the data
279       upgrade with this utility.
280

EXAMPLES

282       Parse a PKCS#12 file and output it to a file:
283
284        openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -out file.pem
285
286       Output only client certificates to a file:
287
288        openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -clcerts -out file.pem
289
290       Don't encrypt the private key:
291
292        openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -out file.pem -nodes
293
294       Print some info about a PKCS#12 file:
295
296        openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -info -noout
297
298       Create a PKCS#12 file:
299
300        openssl pkcs12 -export -in file.pem -out file.p12 -name "My Certificate"
301
302       Include some extra certificates:
303
304        openssl pkcs12 -export -in file.pem -out file.p12 -name "My Certificate" \
305         -certfile othercerts.pem
306

SEE ALSO

308       pkcs8(1)
309
311       Copyright 2000-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
312
313       Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License").  You may not use
314       this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
315       in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
316       <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
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3201.1.1l                            2021-09-15                         PKCS12(1)
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