1FNMATCH(3) Linux Programmer's Manual FNMATCH(3)
2
6 fnmatch - match filename or pathname
7
9 #include <fnmatch.h>
10 int fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags);
12
14 The fnmatch() function checks whether the string argument matches the
15 pattern argument, which is a shell wildcard pattern (see glob(7)).
16 The flags argument modifies the behavior; it is the bitwise OR of zero
18 or more of the following flags:
19 FNM_NOESCAPE
21 If this flag is set, treat backslash as an ordinary character,
22 instead of an escape character.
23 FNM_PATHNAME
25 If this flag is set, match a slash in string only with a slash
26 in pattern and not by an asterisk (*) or a question mark (?)
27 metacharacter, nor by a bracket expression ([]) containing a
28 slash.
29 FNM_PERIOD
31 If this flag is set, a leading period in string has to be
32 matched exactly by a period in pattern. A period is considered
33 to be leading if it is the first character in string, or if both
34 FNM_PATHNAME is set and the period immediately follows a slash.
35 FNM_FILE_NAME
37 This is a GNU synonym for FNM_PATHNAME.
38 FNM_LEADING_DIR
40 If this flag (a GNU extension) is set, the pattern is considered
41 to be matched if it matches an initial segment of string which
42 is followed by a slash. This flag is mainly for the internal
43 use of glibc and is implemented only in certain cases.
44 FNM_CASEFOLD
46 If this flag (a GNU extension) is set, the pattern is matched
47 case-insensitively.
48 FNM_EXTMATCH
50 If this flag (a GNU extension) is set, extended patterns are
51 supported, as introduced by 'ksh' and now supported by other
52 shells. The extended format is as follows, with pattern-list
53 being a '|' separated list of patterns.
54 '?(pattern-list)'
56 The pattern matches if zero or one occurrences of any of the
57 patterns in the pattern-list match the input string.
58 '*(pattern-list)'
60 The pattern matches if zero or more occurrences of any of the
61 patterns in the pattern-list match the input string.
62 '+(pattern-list)'
64 The pattern matches if one or more occurrences of any of the
65 patterns in the pattern-list match the input string.
66 '@(pattern-list)'
68 The pattern matches if exactly one occurrence of any of the pat‐
69 terns in the pattern-list match the input string.
70 '!(pattern-list)'
72 The pattern matches if the input string cannot be matched with
73 any of the patterns in the pattern-list.
74
76 Zero if string matches pattern, FNM_NOMATCH if there is no match or an‐
77 other nonzero value if there is an error.
78
80 For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see at‐
81 tributes(7).
82 ┌─────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬────────────────────┐
84 │Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
85 ├─────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────────┤
86 │fnmatch() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe env locale │
87 └─────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴────────────────────┘
88
90 POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, POSIX.2. The FNM_FILE_NAME, FNM_LEAD‐
91 ING_DIR, and FNM_CASEFOLD flags are GNU extensions.
92
94 sh(1), glob(3), scandir(3), wordexp(3), glob(7)
95
97 This page is part of release 5.12 of the Linux man-pages project. A
98 description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
99 latest version of this page, can be found at
100 https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
101GNU 2021-03-22 FNMATCH(3)