1MongoDB::Tutorial(3)  User Contributed Perl Documentation MongoDB::Tutorial(3)
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NAME

6       MongoDB::Tutorial - Getting started with MongoDB
7

VERSION

9       version v2.2.2
10

DESCRIPTION

12       The tutorial runs through the basic functionality of the MongoDB
13       package.  This is a good starting point if you have never used MongoDB
14       before.
15
16       The tutorial assumes that you are running a standalone MongoDB database
17       server (i.e. not a replica set) locally on the default port.  You can
18       download MongoDB from <http://www.mongodb.org>.
19

TERMINOLOGY

21       Document-oriented database terms and their relational equivalents:
22
23       Database
24           Database
25
26       Collection
27           Table
28
29       Document
30           Record or row
31
32       BSON::OID
33           Autoincrementing primary key
34

PREAMBLE

36       To use MongoDB, you'll usually just start with:
37
38           use MongoDB;
39
40       The MongoDB module loads most of the modules you'll need to interact
41       with MongoDB:
42
43       •   MongoDB::MongoClient
44
45       •   MongoDB::Database
46
47       •   MongoDB::Collection
48
49       •   Query result classes like MongoDB::Cursor and MongoDB::QueryResult
50
51       •   Write result classes like MongoDB::InsertOneResult and
52           MongoDB::UpdateResult
53

CONNECTING

55       To get started, we have to connect to the database server.  Because
56       it's running locally on the default port, we need not pass any
57       parameters to the connect method.
58
59           my $client = MongoDB->connect();
60
61       Now we we have a client connected to the MongoDB server.  Next we need
62       a database to work with, we'll call it "tutorial".  You need not do
63       anything special to create the database, MongoDB will create it on the
64       fly.
65
66           my $db = $client->get_database( 'tutorial' );
67
68       The last part of the preliminary setup is to choose a collection.
69       We'll be using the "users" collection to start out.
70
71           my $users = $db->get_collection( 'users' );
72
73       Again, there is no need to create the collection in advance, it will be
74       created as needed.
75
76       The ns method is a short cut to get a MongoDB::Collection object direct
77       from the client.
78
79           my $users = $client->ns("tutorial.users");
80

CRUD

82   Creating Documents
83       Inserting
84
85       To add a document to the collection, we use the insert_one function.
86       It takes a hash reference which is saved to the collection.
87
88           $users->insert_one( {
89               "name" => "Joe",
90               "age" => 52,
91               "likes" => [qw/skiing math ponies/]
92           });
93
94       Now there is a user in the collection.
95
96       BSON::OIDs
97
98       When a document is inserted, it is given a "_id" field if one does not
99       already exist.  By default, this field is a BSON::OID, 12 bytes that
100       are guaranteed to be unique. The "_id" field of the inserted document
101       is returned in a MongoDB::InsertOneResult object by the "insert_one"
102       method.
103
104           my $result = $users->insert_one({"name" => "Bill"});
105           my $id     = $result->inserted_id;
106
107       An efficient way to insert documents is to send many at a time to the
108       database by using insert_many, which returns a
109       MongoDB::InsertManyResult describing the documents inserted.
110
111           my $result = $users->insert_many(\@many_users);
112
113   Retrieving Documents
114       Queries
115
116       To retrieve documents that were saved to a collection, we can use the
117       find method.
118
119           my $all_users = $users->find;
120
121       To query for certain criteria, say, all users named Joe, pass the query
122       a hash with the key/value pair you wish to match:
123
124           my $some_users = $users->find({"name" => "Joe"});
125
126       You can match array elements in your queries; for example, to find all
127       users who like math:
128
129           my $geeks = $users->find({"likes" => "math"});
130
131       This being Perl, it is important to mention that you can also use
132       regular expressions to search for strings.  If you wanted to find all
133       users with the name John and all variations of said name, you could do:
134
135           my $john = $users->find({"name" => qr/joh?n/i});
136
137       See "Regular Expressions" in MongoDB::DataTypes for more information.
138
139       Ranges
140
141       As queries are hashes, they use a special syntax to express
142       comparisons, such as "x < 4".  To make the query a valid hash, MongoDB
143       uses $-prefixed terms.  For example, "x < 4" could be expressed by:
144
145           my $doc321 = $collection->find({'x' => { '$lt' => 4 }});
146
147       Comparison operators can be combined to get a range:
148
149           my $doc32 = $collection->find({'x' => { '$gte' => 2, '$lt' => 4 }});
150
151       Cursors
152
153       "find" returns a MongoDB::Cursor, which can be iterated over.  It
154       lazily loads results from the database.  The following prints all of
155       the users' names:
156
157           while (my $doc = $all_users->next) {
158               print $doc->{'name'}."\n";
159           }
160
161       A cursor can also be converted into an array of hash references.  For
162       example, to print the "name" field of the first result:
163
164           my @arr = $geeks->all;
165           print $arr[0]->{'name'}."\n";
166
167   Updating Documents
168       "$"-operators
169
170       To change a document after it has been saved to the database, you must
171       pass update_one (or update_many to change many documents at once) two
172       arguments.  The first is a query argument, identical to the previous
173       section, to identify the document you want to change.  The second is an
174       argument that describes the change that you wish to make.
175
176       The change is described by $-prefixed descriptors.  For example, to
177       increment a field, we would write:
178
179           $users->update_one({"_id" => $id}, {'$inc' => {'age' => 1}});
180
181       To add an element to an array, we can use $push.  So, to add an element
182       to the "likes" array, we write:
183
184           $users->update_one({"_id" => $id}, {'$push' => {'likes' => 'reading'}});
185
186       To add a new field or change the type or value of an existing field, we
187       use $set.  For example, to change the "name" field to a username, we
188       would say:
189
190           $users->update_one({"_id" => $id}, {'$set' => {'name' => 'joe_schmoe'}});
191
192       Options
193
194       "update_one" and "update_many" do nothing if no document matches the
195       query.
196
197       Sometimes we may want update to create an element if it does not
198       already exist.  This is called an 'upsert' (a combination of an update
199       and an insert).  For example, the same code could be used for creating
200       and updating a log document:
201
202           $pageviews->update_one(
203               {"url" => "www.example.com"},
204               {'$inc' => {"views" => 1}},
205               {'upsert' => 1}
206           );
207
208       If the pageview counter for www.example.com did not exist yet, it would
209       be created and the "views" field would be set to 1.  If it did exist,
210       the "views" field would be incremented.
211
212   Deleting Documents
213       To delete documents, we use the delete_one or delete_many methods.
214       They take the same type of hash queries do:
215
216           $users->delete_many({"name" => "Joe"});
217
218       It does not delete the collection, though (in that it will still appear
219       if the user lists collections in the database and the indexes will
220       still exist).  To remove a collection entirely, call "drop":
221
222           $users->drop;
223
224       "drop" can also be used for whole databases:
225
226           $db->drop;
227

MONGODB BASICS

229   Database Commands
230       There is a large number of useful database commands that can be called
231       directly on $db with the run_command method.
232
233       For example, you can use a database command to create a capped
234       collection like so:
235
236           use boolean; # imports 'true' and 'false'
237
238           my $cmd = [
239               create => "posts",
240               capped => true,
241               size   => 10240,
242               max    => 100
243           ];
244
245           $db->run_command($cmd);
246
247       This will create a capped collection called "posts" in the current
248       database.  It has a maximum size of 10240 bytes and can contain up to
249       100 documents.  The boolean module must be used whenever the database
250       expects an actual boolean argument (i.e. not "1" or "0").
251
252       MongoDB expects commands to have key/value pairs in a certain order, so
253       you must give arguments in an array reference (or Tie::IxHash object).
254

NEXT STEPS

256       Now that you know the basic syntax used by the Perl driver, you should
257       be able to translate the JavaScript examples in the main MongoDB
258       documentation (<http://www.mongodb.org>) into Perl.
259
260       Check out MongoDB::Examples for more examples.
261

AUTHORS

263       •   David Golden <david@mongodb.com>
264
265       •   Rassi <rassi@mongodb.com>
266
267       •   Mike Friedman <friedo@friedo.com>
268
269       •   Kristina Chodorow <k.chodorow@gmail.com>
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271       •   Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
272
274       This software is Copyright (c) 2020 by MongoDB, Inc.
275
276       This is free software, licensed under:
277
278         The Apache License, Version 2.0, January 2004
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282perl v5.34.0                      2021-07-22              MongoDB::Tutorial(3)
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