1PERLOS390(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLOS390(1)
2
6 perlos390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS
7
9 This document will help you Configure, build, test and install Perl on
10 OS/390 (aka z/OS) Unix System Services.
11 This document needs to be updated, but we don't know what it should
13 say. Please submit comments to <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues>.
14
16 This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3, 5, 6, 7, 8,
17 and 9. It may work on other versions or releases, but those are the
18 ones we have tested it on.
19 You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks before
21 running the Configure script for Perl.
22 Tools
24 The z/OS Unix Tools and Toys list may prove helpful and contains links
25 to ports of much of the software helpful for building Perl.
26 <http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html>
27 Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
29 If using ftp remember to transfer the distribution in binary format.
30 Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at:
32 http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html
34 to extract an ASCII tar archive on OS/390, try this:
36 pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < latest.tar
38 or
40 zcat latest.tar.Z | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r
42 If you get lots of errors of the form
44 tar: FSUM7171 ...: cannot set uid/gid: EDC5139I Operation not permitted
46 you did not read the above and tried to use tar instead of pax, you'll
48 first have to remove the (now corrupt) perl directory
49 rm -rf perl-...
51 and then use pax.
53 Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
55 Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including any necessary
56 parser template files. If you have not already done so then be sure to:
57 cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc
59 This may also be a good time to ensure that your /etc/protocol file and
61 either your /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/hosts files are in place. The IBM
62 document that described such USS system setup issues was SC28-1890-07
63 "OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning", in particular Chapter 6 on
64 customizing the OE shell.
65 GNU make for OS/390, which is recommended for the build of perl (as
67 well as building CPAN modules and extensions), is available from the
68 "Tools".
69 Some people have reported encountering "Out of memory!" errors while
71 trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries. If you encounter such
72 trouble then try to download the source code kit and build GNU make
73 from source to eliminate any such trouble. You might also find GNU
74 make (as well as Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book "Open Source
75 Software for OS/390 UNIX", SG24-5944-00 from IBM.
76 If instead of the recommended GNU make you would like to use the system
78 supplied make program then be sure to install the default rules file
79 properly via the shell command:
80 cp /samples/startup.mk /etc
82 and be sure to also set the environment variable _C89_CCMODE=1
84 (exporting _C89_CCMODE=1 is also a good idea for users of GNU make).
85 You might also want to have GNU groff for OS/390 installed before
87 running the "make install" step for Perl.
88 There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h header file
90 that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and possibly V2R9. The problem
91 with the header file is that near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT
92 constant there is a spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment
93 like so:
94 #define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200 /* allow local address & port
96 reuse */ /
97 You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/', or you
99 might note that Language Environment (LE) APAR PQ39997 describes the
100 problem and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271 are the (R8 at least) fixes and
101 apply them. If left unattended that syntax error will turn up as an
102 inability for Perl to build its "Socket" extension.
103 For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky bit for your
105 world readable /tmp directory if you have not already done so (see man
106 chmod).
107 Configure Perl on OS/390
109 Once you have unpacked the distribution, run "sh Configure" (see
110 INSTALL for a full discussion of the Configure options). There is a
111 "hints" file for os390 that specifies the correct values for most
112 things. Some things to watch out for include:
113 Shell
115 A message of the form:
117 (I see you are using the Korn shell. Some ksh's blow up on Configure,
119 mainly on older exotic systems. If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.)
120 is nothing to worry about at all.
122 Samples
124 Some of the parser default template files in /samples are needed in
126 /etc. In particular be sure that you at least copy /samples/yyparse.c
127 to /etc before running Perl's Configure. This step ensures successful
128 extraction of EBCDIC versions of parser files such as perly.c and
129 perly.h. This has to be done before running Configure the first time.
130 If you failed to do so then the easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to
131 delete your misconfigured build root and re-extract the source from the
132 tar ball. Then you must ensure that /etc/yyparse.c is properly in
133 place before attempting to re-run Configure.
134 Dynamic loading
136 Dynamic loading is required if you want to use XS modules from CPAN
138 (like DBI (and DBD's), JSON::XS, and Text::CSV_XS) or update CORE
139 modules from CPAN with newer versions (like Encode) without rebuilding
140 all of the perl binary.
141 This port will support dynamic loading, but it is not selected by
143 default. If you would like to experiment with dynamic loading then be
144 sure to specify -Dusedl in the arguments to the Configure script. See
145 the comments in hints/os390.sh for more information on dynamic loading.
146 If you build with dynamic loading then you will need to add the
147 $archlibexp/CORE directory to your LIBPATH environment variable in
148 order for perl to work. See the config.sh file for the value of
149 $archlibexp. If in trying to use Perl you see an error message similar
150 to:
151 CEE3501S The module libperl.dll was not found.
153 From entry point __dllstaticinit at compile unit offset +00000194
154 at
155 then your LIBPATH does not have the location of libperl.x and either
157 libperl.dll or libperl.so in it. Add that directory to your LIBPATH
158 and proceed.
159 In hints/os390.sh, selecting -Dusedl will default to *also* select
161 -Duseshrplib. Having a shared plib not only requires LIBPATH to be set
162 to the correct location of libperl.so but also makes it close to
163 impossible to run more than one different perl that was built this way
164 at the same time.
165 All objects that are involved in -Dusedl builds should be compiled for
167 this, probably by adding to all ccflags
168 -qexportall -qxplink -qdll -Wc,XPLINK,dll,EXPORTALL -Wl,XPLINK,dll
170 Optimizing
172 Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There is a bug in
174 either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to not work correctly
175 when the optimizer is on.
176 Config files
178 Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the networking APIs are
180 either missing or have the wrong names. In particular, make sure that
181 there's either an /etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so that
182 gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file /etc/proto has been
183 renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT /etc/protocols, as used by other Unix
184 systems). You may have to look for things like HOSTNAME and
185 DOMAINORIGIN in the "//'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'" PDS member in order to
186 properly set up your /etc networking files.
187 Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
189 Simply put:
190 sh Configure
192 make
193 make test
194 if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP diagnosis)
196 then:
197 make install
199 this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges depending on how
201 you answered the questions that Configure asked and whether or not you
202 have write access to the directories you specified.
203 Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
205 "Out of memory!" messages during the build of Perl are most often fixed
206 by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390 from a source code kit.
207 Building debugging-enabled binaries (with -g or -g3) will increase the
209 chance of getting these errors. Prevent -g if possible.
210 Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE parameter in
212 your 'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note too that as of V2R8
213 address space limits can be set on a per user ID basis in the USS
214 segment of a RACF profile). People have reported successful builds of
215 Perl with MAXASSIZE parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be
216 possible to build Perl with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that).
217 Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit your ulimit
219 settings. Check that the following command returns reasonable values:
220 ulimit -a
222 To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules loaded into
224 the Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a link list or step lib.
225 If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the build of the
227 Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax error in the system
228 header /usr/include/sys/socket.h.
229 Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
231 The "make test" step runs a Perl Verification Procedure, usually before
232 installation. You might encounter STDERR messages even during a
233 successful run of "make test". Here is a guide to some of the more
234 commonly seen anomalies:
235 Signals
237 A message of the form:
239 io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
241 CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
242 CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
243 ok
244 indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has passed but done so
246 with extraneous messages on stderr from CEE.
247 File::Temp
249 A message of the form:
251 lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/)
253 is not safe (sticky bit not set when world writable?) at
254 lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
255 File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky
256 bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
257 ok
258 indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp directory within
260 the HFS. To correct that problem issue the command:
261 chmod a+t /tmp
263 from an account with write access to the directory entry for /tmp.
265 Out of Memory!
267 Recent perl test suite is quite memory hungry. In addition to the
269 comments above on memory limitations it is also worth checking for
270 _CEE_RUNOPTS in your environment. Perl now has (in miniperlmain.c) a C
271 #pragma to set CEE run options, but the environment variable wins.
272 The C code asks for:
274 #pragma runopts(HEAP(2M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) STACK(,,ANY,) ALL31(ON))
276 The important parts of that are the second argument (the increment) to
278 HEAP, and allowing the stack to be "Above the (16M) line". If the heap
279 increment is too small then when perl (for example loading
280 unicode/Name.pl) tries to create a "big" (400K+) string it cannot fit
281 in a single segment and you get "Out of Memory!" - even if there is
282 still plenty of memory available.
283 A related issue is use with perl's malloc. Perl's malloc uses "sbrk()"
285 to get memory, and "sbrk()" is limited to the first allocation so in
286 this case something like:
287 HEAP(8M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K)
289 is needed to get through the test suite.
291 Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
293 The installman script will try to run on OS/390. There will be fewer
294 errors if you have a roff utility installed. You can obtain GNU groff
295 from the Redbook SG24-5944-00 ftp site.
296 Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
298 When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
299 character sets are different. See perlebcdic.pod for more on such
300 character set issues. Perl builtin functions that may behave
301 differently under EBCDIC are also mentioned in the perlport.pod
302 document.
303 Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does support
305 #!/path/to/perl script invocation. There is a PTF available from IBM
306 for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel support for #!. USS releases
307 prior to V2R7 did not support the #! means of script invocation. If
308 you are running V2R6 or earlier then see:
309 head `whence perldoc`
311 for an example of how to use the "eval exec" trick to ask the shell to
313 have Perl run your scripts on those older releases of Unix System
314 Services.
315 If you are having trouble with square brackets then consider switching
317 your rlogin or telnet client. Try to avoid older 3270 emulators and
318 ISHELL for working with Perl on USS.
319 Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
321 There appears to be a bug in the floating point implementation on S/390
322 systems such that calling int() on the product of a number and a small
323 magnitude number is not the same as calling int() on the quotient of
324 that number and a large magnitude number. For example, in the
325 following Perl code:
326 my $x = 100000.0;
328 my $y = int($x * 1e-5) * 1e5; # '0'
329 my $z = int($x / 1e+5) * 1e5; # '100000'
330 print "\$y is $y and \$z is $z\n"; # $y is 0 and $z is 100000
331 Although one would expect the quantities $y and $z to be the same and
333 equal to 100000 they will differ and instead will be 0 and 100000
334 respectively.
335 The problem can be further examined in a roughly equivalent C program:
337 #include <stdio.h>
339 #include <math.h>
340 main()
341 {
342 double r1,r2;
343 double x = 100000.0;
344 double y = 0.0;
345 double z = 0.0;
346 x = 100000.0 * 1e-5;
347 r1 = modf (x,&y);
348 x = 100000.0 / 1e+5;
349 r2 = modf (x,&z);
350 printf("y is %e and z is %e\n",y*1e5,z*1e5);
351 /* y is 0.000000e+00 and z is 1.000000e+05 (with c89) */
352 }
353 Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
355 Pure Perl (that is non XS) modules may be installed via the usual:
356 perl Makefile.PL
358 make
359 make test
360 make install
361 If you built perl with dynamic loading capability then that would also
363 be the way to build XS based extensions. However, if you built perl
364 with the default static linking you can still build XS based extensions
365 for OS/390 but you will need to follow the instructions in
366 ExtUtils::MakeMaker for building statically linked perl binaries. In
367 the simplest configurations building a static perl + XS extension boils
368 down to:
369 perl Makefile.PL
371 make
372 make perl
373 make test
374 make install
375 make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl
376 In most cases people have reported better results with GNU make rather
378 than the system's /bin/make program, whether for plain modules or for
379 XS based extensions.
380 If the make process encounters trouble with either compilation or
382 linking then try setting the _C89_CCMODE to 1. Assuming sh is your
383 login shell then run:
384 export _C89_CCMODE=1
386 If tcsh is your login shell then use the setenv command.
388
390 David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis Longnecker and
391 William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR and PTF feedback. Thanks
392 to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow for SG24-5944-00. Thanks to Ignasi
393 Roca for pointing out the floating point problems. Thanks to John
394 Goodyear for dynamic loading help.
395
397 INSTALL, perlport, perlebcdic, ExtUtils::MakeMaker.
398 http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html
400 http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/SG245944.html
402 http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc
404 http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/
406 http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/ceea3030/
408 http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/CBCUG030/
410 Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
412 If you are interested in the z/OS (formerly known as OS/390) and POSIX-
413 BC (BS2000) ports of Perl then see the perl-mvs mailing list. To
414 subscribe, send an empty message to perl-mvs-subscribe@perl.org.
415 See also:
417 https://lists.perl.org/list/perl-mvs.html
419 There are web archives of the mailing list at:
421 https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.mvs/
423
425 This document was originally written by David Fiander for the 5.005
426 release of Perl.
427 This document was podified for the 5.005_03 release of Perl 11 March
429 1999.
430 Updated 12 November 2000 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl.
432 Updated 15 January 2001 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl.
434 Updated 24 January 2001 to mention dynamic loading.
436 Updated 12 March 2001 to mention //'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'.
438 Updated 28 November 2001 for broken URLs.
440 Updated 03 October 2019 for perl-5.33.3+
442perl v5.34.1 2022-03-15 PERLOS390(1)