1PROJ(1)                              PROJ                              PROJ(1)
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NAME

6       proj - Cartographic projection filter
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SYNOPSIS

9          proj [-beEfiIlmorsStTvVwW] [args]] [+opt[=arg] ...] file ...
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11          invproj [-beEfiIlmorsStTvVwW] [args]] [+opt[=arg] ...] file ...
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DESCRIPTION

14       proj  and  invproj perform respective forward and inverse conversion of
15       cartographic data to or from cartesian data with a wide  range  of  se‐
16       lectable projection functions.
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18       invproj may not be available on all platforms; in this case use proj -I
19       instead.
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21       The following control parameters can appear in any order
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23       -b     Special option for  binary  coordinate  data  input  and  output
24              through  standard  input and standard output. Data is assumed to
25              be in system type double floating point words. This option is to
26              be  used  when proj is a child process and allows bypassing for‐
27              matting operations.
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29       -d <n>
30
31       New in version 5.2.0: Specify the number of decimals in the output.
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33
34       -i     Selects binary input only (see -b).
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36       -I     Alternate method to specify inverse projection.  Redundant  when
37              used with invproj.
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39       -o     Selects binary output only (see -b).
40
41       -t<a>  Where a specifies a character employed as the first character to
42              denote a control line to be passed through  without  processing.
43              This  option  applicable  to ASCII input only. (# is the default
44              value).
45
46       -e <string>
47              Where string is an arbitrary string to be output if an error  is
48              detected  during  data  transformations.  The default value is a
49              three character string: *\t*.  Note that if the -b, -i or -o op‐
50              tions  are  employed, an error is returned as HUGE_VAL value for
51              both return values.
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53       -E     Causes the input coordinates to be copied  to  the  output  line
54              prior to printing the converted values.
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56       -l<[=id]>
57              List  projection  identifiers  that  can be selected with +proj.
58              proj -l=id gives expanded description  of  projection  id,  e.g.
59              proj -l=merc.
60
61       -lp    List of all projection id that can be used with the +proj param‐
62              eter.  Equivalent to proj -l.
63
64       -lP    Expanded description of all projections that can  be  used  with
65              the +proj parameter.
66
67       -le    List  of all ellipsoids that can be selected with the +ellps pa‐
68              rameters.
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70       -lu    List of all distance units that can be selected with the  +units
71              parameter.
72
73       -r     This  options reverses the order of the expected input from lon‐
74              gitude-latitude or x-y to latitude-longitude or y-x.
75
76       -s     This options reverses the order of the output from x-y or longi‐
77              tude-latitude to y-x or latitude-longitude.
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79       -S     Causes estimation of meridional and parallel scale factors, area
80              scale factor and angular distortion,  and  maximum  and  minimum
81              scale  factors to be listed between <> for each input point. For
82              conformal projections meridional  and  parallel  scales  factors
83              will  be  equal  and angular distortion zero. Equal area projec‐
84              tions will have an area factor of 1.
85
86       -m <mult>
87              The cartesian data may be scaled by  the  mult  parameter.  When
88              processing  data in a forward projection mode the cartesian out‐
89              put values are multiplied by mult otherwise the input  cartesian
90              values  are  divided  by  mult before inverse projection. If the
91              first two characters of mult are 1/ or 1:  then  the  reciprocal
92              value of mult is employed.
93
94       -f <format>
95              Where  format  is  a printf format string to control the form of
96              the output values.  For inverse projections, the output will  be
97              in  degrees  when this option is employed. The default format is
98              "%.2f" for forward projection and DMS for inverse.
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100       -w<n>  Where n is the number of significant fractional digits to employ
101              for seconds output (when the option is not specified, -w3 is as‐
102              sumed).
103
104       -W<n>  Where n is the number of significant fractional digits to employ
105              for  seconds output. When -W is employed the fields will be con‐
106              stant width with leading zeroes.
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108       -v     Causes a listing of cartographic control parameters  tested  for
109              and used by the program to be printed prior to input data.
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111       -V     This  option causes an expanded annotated listing of the charac‐
112              teristics of the projected point. -v is implied  with  this  op‐
113              tion.
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115       The  +opt  run-line  arguments are associated with cartographic parame‐
116       ters.  Additional projection control parameters may be contained in two
117       auxiliary  control  files:  the first is optionally referenced with the
118       +init=file:id and the second is always processed after the name of  the
119       projection  has  been  established from either the run-line or the con‐
120       tents of +init file. The environment parameter PROJ_LIB establishes the
121       default  directory  for a file reference without an absolute path. This
122       is also used for supporting files like datum shift files.
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124       One or more files (processed in left to right order) specify the source
125       of  data  to  be converted. A - will specify the location of processing
126       standard input. If no files are specified, the input is assumed  to  be
127       from  stdin.   For  ASCII input data the two data values must be in the
128       first two white space separated fields and when both input  and  output
129       are  ASCII  all trailing portions of the input line are appended to the
130       output line.
131
132       Input geographic data (longitude and latitude) must be in DMS or  deci‐
133       mal degrees format and input cartesian data must be in units consistent
134       with the ellipsoid major axis or sphere radius units. Output geographic
135       coordinates  will be in DMS (if the -w switch is not employed) and pre‐
136       cise to 0.001" with trailing, zero-valued minute-second fields deleted.
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EXAMPLE

139       The following script
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141          proj +proj=utm +lon_0=112w +ellps=clrk66 -r <<EOF
142          45d15'33.1" 111.5W
143          45d15.551666667N -111d30
144          +45.25919444444 111d30'000w
145          EOF
146
147       will perform UTM forward projection with a standard UTM central  merid‐
148       ian  nearest  longitude 112W. The geographic values of this example are
149       equivalent and meant as examples of various forms of DMS input. The x-y
150       output data will appear as three lines of:
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152          460769.27     5011648.45
153

OTHER PROGRAMS

155       The  proj  program is limited to converting between geographic and pro‐
156       jected coordinates within one datum.
157
158       The cs2cs program operates similarly, but  allows  translation  between
159       any  pair  of definable coordinate reference systems, including support
160       for datum translation.
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SEE ALSO

163       cs2cs(1), cct(1), geod(1), gie(1), projinfo(1), projsync(1)
164

BUGS

166       A     list     of     known     bugs     can      be      found      at
167       https://github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/issues  where new bug reports can be sub‐
168       mitted to.
169

HOME PAGE

171       https://proj.org/
172

AUTHOR

174       Gerald I. Evenden
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177       1983-2021
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1828.2.1                             Jan 1, 2022                          PROJ(1)
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