1d.linegraph(1) GRASS GIS User's Manual d.linegraph(1)
2
6 d.linegraph - Generates and displays simple line graphs in the active
7 graphics monitor display frame.
8
10 display, cartography
11
13 d.linegraph
14 d.linegraph --help
15 d.linegraph [-xysl] x_file=string y_file=string[,string,...] [direc‐
16 tory=string] [y_color=string[,string,...]] [color_table=style]
17 [width=integer[,integer,...]] [title_color=string] [x_title=string]
18 [y_title=string] [title=string] [y_range=min,max]
19 [y_tics=float[,float,...]] [x_scale=float] [y_scale=float]
20 [icon=string] [point_size=float] [secondary_color=name] [sec‐
21 ondary_width=float[,float,...]] [--help] [--verbose] [--quiet]
22 [--ui]
23 Flags:
25 -x
26 Scale only X labels, not values
27 -y
29 Scale only Y labels, not values
30 -s
32 Draw points
33 -l
35 Do not draw lines
36 --help
38 Print usage summary
39 --verbose
41 Verbose module output
42 --quiet
44 Quiet module output
45 --ui
47 Force launching GUI dialog
48 Parameters:
50 x_file=string [required]
51 Name of data file for X axis of graph
52 y_file=string[,string,...]Â [required]
54 Name of data file(s) for Y axis of graph
55 directory=string
57 Path to files
58 Path to the directory where the input files are located
59 y_color=string[,string,...]
61 Color for Y data
62 color_table=style
64 Name of color table
65 Options: aspect, aspectcolr, bcyr, bgyr, blues, byg, byr, celsius,
66 corine, curvature, differences, elevation, etopo2, evi, fahrenheit,
67 forest_cover, gdd, grass, greens, grey, grey.eq, grey.log, grey1.0,
68 grey255, gyr, haxby, inferno, kelvin, magma, ndvi, ndwi, nlcd, or‐
69 anges, plasma, population, population_dens, precipitation, precipi‐
70 tation_daily, precipitation_monthly, rainbow, ramp, random, reds,
71 roygbiv, rstcurv, ryb, ryg, sepia, slope, soilmoisture, srtm,
72 srtm_plus, terrain, viridis, water, wave
73 aspect: aspect oriented grey colors [range: map values]
74 aspectcolr: aspect oriented rainbow colors [range: 0 to 360]
75 bcyr: blue through cyan through yellow to red [range: map values]
76 bgyr: blue through green through yellow to red [range: map values]
77 blues: white to blue [range: map values]
78 byg: blue through yellow to green [range: map values]
79 byr: blue through yellow to red [range: map values]
80 celsius: blue to red for degree Celsius temperature [range: -80 to
81 80]
82 corine: EU Corine land cover colors [range: 111 to 995]
83 curvature: for terrain curvatures (from v.surf.rst and r.slope.as‐
84 pect) [range: map values]
85 differences: differences oriented colors [range: map values]
86 elevation: maps relative ranges of raster values to elevation
87 color ramp [range: map values]
88 etopo2: colors for ETOPO2 worldwide bathymetry/topography [range:
89 -11000 to 8850]
90 evi: enhanced vegetative index colors [range: -1 to 1]
91 fahrenheit: blue to red for Fahrenheit temperature [range: -112 to
92 176]
93 forest_cover: percentage of forest cover [range: 0 to 100]
94 gdd: accumulated growing degree days [range: 0 to 6000]
95 grass: GRASS GIS green (perceptually uniform) [range: map values]
96 greens: white to green [range: map values]
97 grey: grey scale [range: map values]
98 grey.eq: histogram-equalized grey scale [range: map values]
99 grey.log: histogram logarithmic transformed grey scale [range: map
100 values]
101 grey1.0: grey scale for raster values between 0.0-1.0 [range: 0 to
102 1]
103 grey255: grey scale for raster values between 0-255 [range: 0 to
104 255]
105 gyr: green through yellow to red [range: map values]
106 haxby: relative colors for bathymetry or topography [range: map
107 values]
108 inferno: perceptually uniform sequential color table inferno
109 [range: map values]
110 kelvin: blue to red for temperature in Kelvin scale [range: 193.15
111 to 353.15]
112 magma: perceptually uniform sequential color table magma [range:
113 map values]
114 ndvi: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index colors [range: -1 to
115 1]
116 ndwi: Normalized Difference Water Index colors [range: -200 to
117 200]
118 nlcd: US National Land Cover Dataset colors [range: 0 to 95]
119 oranges: white to orange [range: map values]
120 plasma: perceptually uniform sequential color table plasma [range:
121 map values]
122 population: color table covering human population classification
123 breaks [range: 0 to 2e+09]
124 population_dens: color table covering human population density
125 classification breaks [range: 0 to 1e+09]
126 precipitation: precipitation color table (0..2000mm) [range: 0 to
127 7000]
128 precipitation_daily: precipitation color table (0..1000mm) [range:
129 0 to 10000]
130 precipitation_monthly: precipitation color table (0..1000mm)
131 [range: 0 to 1000]
132 rainbow: rainbow color table [range: map values]
133 ramp: color ramp [range: map values]
134 random: random color table [range: map values]
135 reds: white to red [range: map values]
136 roygbiv: [range: map values]
137 rstcurv: terrain curvature (from r.resamp.rst) [range: map values]
138 ryb: red through yellow to blue [range: map values]
139 ryg: red through yellow to green [range: map values]
140 sepia: yellowish-brown through to white [range: map values]
141 slope: r.slope.aspect-type slope colors for raster values 0-90
142 [range: 0 to 90]
143 soilmoisture: soilmoisture color table (0.0-1.0) [range: 0 to 1]
144 srtm: color palette for Shuttle Radar Topography Mission elevation
145 [range: -11000 to 8850]
146 srtm_plus: color palette for Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ele‐
147 vation (with seafloor colors) [range: -11000 to 8850]
148 terrain: global elevation color table covering -11000 to +8850m
149 [range: -11000 to 8850]
150 viridis: perceptually uniform sequential color table viridis
151 [range: map values]
152 water: water depth [range: map values]
153 wave: color wave [range: map values]
154 width=integer[,integer,...]
156 Width of the lines
157 title_color=string
159 Color for axis, tics, numbers, and title
160 Default: black
161 x_title=string
163 Title for X data
164 Default:
165 y_title=string
167 Title for Y data
168 Default:
169 title=string
171 Title for Graph
172 Default:
173 y_range=min,max
175 Minimum and maximun value for Y axis (min,max)
176 y_tics=float[,float,...]
178 Tic values for the Y axis
179 x_scale=float
181 Scale for X values
182 y_scale=float
184 Scale for Y values
185 icon=string
187 Symbol for point
188 Options: basic/arrow, basic/arrow1, basic/arrow2, basic/arrow3, ba‐
189 sic/box, basic/circle, basic/cross1, basic/cross2, basic/cross3,
190 basic/diamond, basic/hexagon, basic/marker, basic/octagon, ba‐
191 sic/pin, basic/pin_dot, basic/point, basic/pushpin, basic/star, ba‐
192 sic/triangle, basic/x, demo/muchomurka, demo/smrk, extra/4pt_star,
193 extra/adcp, extra/airport, extra/alpha_flag, extra/bridge, ex‐
194 tra/dim_arrow, extra/dive_flag, extra/fiducial, extra/fish, ex‐
195 tra/half-box, extra/half-circle, extra/offbox_ne, extra/offbox_nw,
196 extra/offbox_se, extra/offbox_sw, extra/pentagon, extra/ping, ex‐
197 tra/ring, extra/simple_zia, extra/target, geology/circle_cross, ge‐
198 ology/half-arrow_left, geology/half-arrow_right, geol‐
199 ogy/strike_box, geology/strike_circle, geology/strike_cleavage, ge‐
200 ology/strike_half-bowtie, geology/strike_line, geology/strike_par‐
201 allel, geology/strike_triangle, legend/area, legend/area_curved,
202 legend/line, legend/line_crooked, n_arrows/basic_compass, n_ar‐
203 rows/fancy_compass, n_arrows/n_arrow1a, n_arrows/n_arrow1b, n_ar‐
204 rows/n_arrow2, n_arrows/n_arrow3, n_arrows/n_arrow4, n_arrows/n_ar‐
205 row5, n_arrows/n_arrow6, n_arrows/n_arrow7a, n_arrows/n_arrow7b,
206 n_arrows/n_arrow8a, n_arrows/n_arrow8b, n_arrows/n_arrow9
207 Default: basic/circle
208 point_size=float
210 Point size
211 Default: 5
212 secondary_color=name
214 Color
215 Color for point symbol edge color
216 Default: black
217 secondary_width=float[,float,...]
219 Width of point symbol lines
220 Default: 0.1
221
223 d.linegraph is a module to draw simple x,y line graphs (plots) based on
224 numerical data contained in separate files.
225 Data format
227 The X and Y data files for the graph are essentially a column of num‐
228 bers in each file, with one input number per line. The program expects
229 that each X value will have a corresponding Y value, therefore the num‐
230 ber of lines in each data input file should be the same. Essentially,
231 the X data becomes the X axis reference to which the Y data is plotted
232 as a line. Therefore, the X data should be a monotonically increasing
233 progression of numbers (i.e. "1,2,3,..."; "0, 10, 100, 1000,...";
234 "...-5,-1,0,1,5..."). If multiple Y data files are used, the Y axis
235 scale will be based on the range of minimum and maximum values from all
236 Y files, then all Y data given will be graphed according to that Y
237 scale. Therefore, if multiple Y data inputs are used with dissimilar
238 units, the graph produced comparing the two will be deceptive.
239 File inputs
241 If the directory option is provided, the paths to files can (and
242 should) be only relative paths to these files. While this is not recom‐
243 mended for scripting, it can be advantageous when typing the paths man‐
244 ually. For example when all files are stored in the directory
245 /home/john/data, the user can provide the following in the command
246 line:
247 d.linegraph directory=/home/john/data x_file=x.txt y_file=y1.txt,y2.txt
248 Managing colors
250 The user can specify the y_color option, the color_table option or just
251 leave the defaults to influence the color of the plotted lines.
252 Colors specified by y_color option are used for drawing the lines in
254 the graph. If multiple Y data files are used, an equal number of colors
255 may be used to control the colors of the lines. Colors will be assigned
256 to Y data in respect to the sequence of instantiation on the command
257 line. It can be one of GRASS GIS named colors or the RGB values from
258 0-255 separated by colons (RRR:GGG:BBB).
259 Alternatively, the user can use the color_table option to specify one
261 of the GRASS GIS predefined color tables.
262 By default, a series of colors will be chosen by the module if none are
264 provided upon invocation. The order of default colors is red, green,
265 violet, blue, orange, gray, brown, magenta, white, and indigo. The user
266 is advised not to rely on the order of default colors but to either use
267 the y_color or the color_table option to obtain predictable and repro‐
268 ducible results.
269 The color to be used for titles, axis lines, tics, and scale numbers is
271 determined by the title_color option. The user can provide one of the
272 GRASS GIS named colors (such as gray, white, or black) or use the GRASS
273 GIS colon-separated format for RGB (RRR:GGG:BBB).
274 Titles, labels, and tics
276 The title option specifies the text for the title of the graph. It
277 will be centered over the top of graph. The x_title option is a text
278 to describe data for X axis. It will be centered beneath the graph. De‐
279 fault is no text unless there is a need for a unit descriptor deter‐
280 mined by the d.linegraph module, then string such as "in hundreds" is
281 generated. The y_title option is a text to describe data for Y axis.
282 It will be centered beneath the X data description. Similarly, to the
283 x_title option, default is no text unless there is a need for an
284 auto-generated description. In the case of graphs with multiple lines
285 (multiple inputs for Y axis), user may wish to use more specific text
286 placement using the d.text or v.label programs.
287
289 For historical reasons, the d.linegraph module accepts titles of more
290 than one word where the underscore character ("_") is used to represent
291 spaces (" "). For example "Census_data_1990" would be printed over the
292 graph as "Census data 1990". The use of underscores is not necessary to
293 use as long as the parameter is quoted in the command line. In gen‐
294 eral, use of underscores is not recommended and there is no need to use
295 it at all in the GUI or when using d.linegraph in Python scripts.
296 The way the program locates and labels tic marks is less than perfect:
298 1) although distances between Y tics are proportional to the value,
299 they are not proportional on the X axis;
300 2) decimal values between -1 and 1 can be printed on the X axis, but
301 not on Y. (With respect to the later, the input for Y values can all be
302 multiplied by a factor of 10 before graphing).
303 Depending on the user’s needs, it might be easier or more appropriate
305 to use a 3rd party tool such as xgraph, gnuplot, Matplotlib in Python,
306 or R instead of d.linegraph. For a more general solution for plotting
307 in GRASS GIS, the user is advised to use the d.graph module.
308
310 The following can be executed in Bash to create the input data for this
311 example. The user can just create these files in a text editor, save
312 them and specify path to them.
313 cat > x.txt <<EOF
314 1
315 3
316 4
317 6
318 9
319 EOF
320 cat > y1.txt <<EOF
321 50
322 58
323 65
324 34
325 27
326 EOF
327 cat > y2.txt <<EOF
328 10
329 20
330 35
331 50
332 45
333 EOF
334 The next command sequence creates a file plot.png in the current direc‐
336 tory which is the drawing made by d.linegraph.
337 d.mon start=cairo output=plot.png width=400 height=400
338 d.linegraph x_file=x.txt y_file=y1.txt,y2.txt
339 d.mon stop=cairo
340
342 d.frame, d.text, v.label, d.graph, d.histogram
343
345 Chris Rewerts, Agricultural Engineering, Purdue University
346
348 Available at: d.linegraph source code (history)
349 Accessed: Mon Jun 20 16:45:46 2022
351 Main index | Display index | Topics index | Keywords index | Graphical
353 index | Full index
354 © 2003-2022 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 8.2.0 Reference Manual
356GRASS 8.2.0 d.linegraph(1)