1Stdlib.Format(3)                 OCaml library                Stdlib.Format(3)
2
3
4

NAME

6       Stdlib.Format - no description
7

Module

9       Module   Stdlib.Format
10

Documentation

12       Module Format
13        : (module Stdlib__Format)
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23   Introduction
24       You  may  consider  this module as providing an extension to the printf
25       facility  to  provide  automatic  line  splitting.  The   addition   of
26       pretty-printing annotations to your regular printf format strings gives
27       you fancy indentation and line breaks.  Pretty-printing annotations are
28       described below in the documentation of the function Format.fprintf .
29
30       You may also use the explicit pretty-printing box management and print‐
31       ing functions provided by this module. This style  is  more  basic  but
32       more verbose than the concise fprintf format strings.
33
34       For  instance, the sequence open_box 0; print_string "x ="; print_space
35       ();
36           print_int 1; close_box (); print_newline  ()  that  prints  x  =  1
37       within  a  pretty-printing  box,  can  be  abbreviated as printf "@[%s@
38       %i@]@." "x =" 1 , or even shorter printf "@[x =@ %i@]@." 1 .
39
40       Rule of thumb for casual users of this library:
41
42       -use simple pretty-printing boxes (as obtained by open_box 0 );
43
44       -use simple break hints as obtained by print_cut () that outputs a sim‐
45       ple  break hint, or by print_space () that outputs a space indicating a
46       break hint;
47
48       -once a pretty-printing box is open, display its  material  with  basic
49       printing functions (e. g.  print_int and print_string );
50
51       -when  the  material  for  a pretty-printing box has been printed, call
52       close_box () to close the box;
53
54       -at the end of pretty-printing, flush the pretty-printer to display all
55       the remaining material, e.g. evaluate print_newline () .
56
57       The  behavior of pretty-printing commands is unspecified if there is no
58       open pretty-printing box. Each box opened by one of the open_ functions
59       below  must be closed using close_box for proper formatting. Otherwise,
60       some of the material printed in the boxes may not be output, or may  be
61       formatted incorrectly.
62
63       In  case  of  interactive  use,  each phrase is executed in the initial
64       state of the standard pretty-printer: after each phrase execution,  the
65       interactive  system  closes all open pretty-printing boxes, flushes all
66       pending text, and resets the standard pretty-printer.
67
68       Warning: mixing calls to pretty-printing functions of this module  with
69       calls to Stdlib low level output functions is error prone.
70
71       The  pretty-printing  functions  output material that is delayed in the
72       pretty-printer queue and stacks in order to compute proper line  split‐
73       ting.  In  contrast, basic I/O output functions write directly in their
74       output device. As a consequence, the output of a basic I/O function may
75       appear  before  the  output of a pretty-printing function that has been
76       called before. For instance,
77           Stdlib.print_string "<";
78           Format.print_string "PRETTY";
79           Stdlib.print_string ">";
80           Format.print_string "TEXT";
81        leads to output <>PRETTYTEXT .
82
83   Formatters
84       type formatter
85
86
87       Abstract data corresponding to a pretty-printer (also called a  format‐
88       ter) and all its machinery. See also Format.formatter .
89
90
91
92
93   Pretty-printing boxes
94       The pretty-printing engine uses the concepts of pretty-printing box and
95       break hint to drive indentation and  line  splitting  behavior  of  the
96       pretty-printer.
97
98       Each  different  pretty-printing  box  kind  introduces a specific line
99       splitting policy:
100
101
102       -within an horizontal box, break hints never split the  line  (but  the
103       line may be split in a box nested deeper),
104
105       -within a vertical box, break hints always split the line,
106
107       -within an horizontal/vertical box, if the box fits on the current line
108       then break hints never split the  line,  otherwise  break  hint  always
109       split the line,
110
111       -within  a  compacting  box, a break hint never splits the line, unless
112       there is no more room on the current line.
113
114       Note that line splitting policy is box specific: the policy  of  a  box
115       does  not  rule  the policy of inner boxes. For instance, if a vertical
116       box is nested in an horizontal box, all break hints within the vertical
117       box will split the line.
118
119       Moreover,  opening  a  box  after  the Format.maxindent splits the line
120       whether or not the box would end up fitting on the line.
121
122       val pp_open_box : formatter -> int -> unit
123
124
125
126
127       val open_box : int -> unit
128
129
130       pp_open_box ppf d opens a new compacting pretty-printing box with  off‐
131       set d in the formatter ppf .
132
133       Within this box, the pretty-printer prints as much as possible material
134       on every line.
135
136       A break hint splits the line if there is no more room on  the  line  to
137       print the remainder of the box.
138
139       Within  this box, the pretty-printer emphasizes the box structure: if a
140       structural box does not fit fully on a simple line, a break  hint  also
141       splits  the  line  if the splitting ``moves to the left'' (i.e. the new
142       line gets an indentation smaller than the one of the current line).
143
144       This box is the general purpose pretty-printing box.
145
146       If the pretty-printer splits the line in the box, offset d is added  to
147       the current indentation.
148
149
150
151       val pp_close_box : formatter -> unit -> unit
152
153
154
155
156       val close_box : unit -> unit
157
158       Closes the most recently open pretty-printing box.
159
160
161
162       val pp_open_hbox : formatter -> unit -> unit
163
164
165
166
167       val open_hbox : unit -> unit
168
169
170       pp_open_hbox ppf () opens a new 'horizontal' pretty-printing box.
171
172       This box prints material on a single line.
173
174       Break  hints in a horizontal box never split the line.  (Line splitting
175       may still occur inside boxes nested deeper).
176
177
178
179       val pp_open_vbox : formatter -> int -> unit
180
181
182
183
184       val open_vbox : int -> unit
185
186
187       pp_open_vbox ppf d opens a new 'vertical' pretty-printing box with off‐
188       set d .
189
190       This box prints material on as many lines as break hints in the box.
191
192       Every break hint in a vertical box splits the line.
193
194       If  the  pretty-printer  splits  the line in the box, d is added to the
195       current indentation.
196
197
198
199       val pp_open_hvbox : formatter -> int -> unit
200
201
202
203
204       val open_hvbox : int -> unit
205
206
207       pp_open_hvbox ppf d opens a new  'horizontal/vertical'  pretty-printing
208       box with offset d .
209
210       This box behaves as an horizontal box if it fits on a single line, oth‐
211       erwise it behaves as a vertical box.
212
213       If the pretty-printer splits the line in the box, d  is  added  to  the
214       current indentation.
215
216
217
218       val pp_open_hovbox : formatter -> int -> unit
219
220
221
222
223       val open_hovbox : int -> unit
224
225
226       pp_open_hovbox ppf d opens a new 'horizontal-or-vertical' pretty-print‐
227       ing box with offset d .
228
229       This box prints material as much as possible on every line.
230
231       A break hint splits the line if there is no more room on  the  line  to
232       print the remainder of the box.
233
234       If  the  pretty-printer  splits  the line in the box, d is added to the
235       current indentation.
236
237
238
239
240   Formatting functions
241       val pp_print_string : formatter -> string -> unit
242
243
244
245
246       val print_string : string -> unit
247
248
249       pp_print_string ppf s prints s in the current pretty-printing box.
250
251
252
253       val pp_print_bytes : formatter -> bytes -> unit
254
255
256
257
258       val print_bytes : bytes -> unit
259
260
261       pp_print_bytes ppf b prints b in the current pretty-printing box.
262
263
264       Since 4.13.0
265
266
267
268       val pp_print_as : formatter -> int -> string -> unit
269
270
271
272
273       val print_as : int -> string -> unit
274
275
276       pp_print_as ppf len s prints s in the current pretty-printing box.  The
277       pretty-printer formats s as if it were of length len .
278
279
280
281       val pp_print_int : formatter -> int -> unit
282
283
284
285
286       val print_int : int -> unit
287
288       Print an integer in the current pretty-printing box.
289
290
291
292       val pp_print_float : formatter -> float -> unit
293
294
295
296
297       val print_float : float -> unit
298
299       Print a floating point number in the current pretty-printing box.
300
301
302
303       val pp_print_char : formatter -> char -> unit
304
305
306
307
308       val print_char : char -> unit
309
310       Print a character in the current pretty-printing box.
311
312
313
314       val pp_print_bool : formatter -> bool -> unit
315
316
317
318
319       val print_bool : bool -> unit
320
321       Print a boolean in the current pretty-printing box.
322
323
324
325
326   Break hints
327       A  'break  hint' tells the pretty-printer to output some space or split
328       the line whichever way is more appropriate to the current pretty-print‐
329       ing box splitting rules.
330
331       Break  hints  are  used to separate printing items and are mandatory to
332       let the pretty-printer correctly split lines and indent items.
333
334       Simple break hints are:
335
336       -the 'space': output a space or split the line if appropriate,
337
338       -the 'cut': split the line if appropriate.
339
340       Note: the notions of space and line  splitting  are  abstract  for  the
341       pretty-printing engine, since those notions can be completely redefined
342       by the programmer.  However, in  the  pretty-printer  default  setting,
343       ``output  a space'' simply means printing a space character (ASCII code
344       32) and ``split the line'' means printing a  newline  character  (ASCII
345       code 10).
346
347       val pp_print_space : formatter -> unit -> unit
348
349
350
351
352       val print_space : unit -> unit
353
354
355       pp_print_space  ppf  ()  emits a 'space' break hint: the pretty-printer
356       may split the line at this point, otherwise it prints one space.
357
358
359       pp_print_space ppf () is equivalent to pp_print_break ppf 1 0 .
360
361
362
363       val pp_print_cut : formatter -> unit -> unit
364
365
366
367
368       val print_cut : unit -> unit
369
370
371       pp_print_cut ppf () emits a 'cut' break hint:  the  pretty-printer  may
372       split the line at this point, otherwise it prints nothing.
373
374
375       pp_print_cut ppf () is equivalent to pp_print_break ppf 0 0 .
376
377
378
379       val pp_print_break : formatter -> int -> int -> unit
380
381
382
383
384       val print_break : int -> int -> unit
385
386
387       pp_print_break  ppf  nspaces  offset  emits  a  'full'  break hint: the
388       pretty-printer may split the line at this point,  otherwise  it  prints
389       nspaces spaces.
390
391       If  the  pretty-printer splits the line, offset is added to the current
392       indentation.
393
394
395
396       val pp_print_custom_break : formatter -> fits:string * int * string  ->
397       breaks:string * int * string -> unit
398
399
400       pp_print_custom_break ppf ~fits:(s1, n, s2) ~breaks:(s3, m, s4) emits a
401       custom break hint: the pretty-printer may split the line at this point.
402
403       If it does not split the line, then the s1 is emitted, then  n  spaces,
404       then s2 .
405
406       If it splits the line, then it emits the s3 string, then an indent (ac‐
407       cording to the box rules), then an offset of  m  spaces,  then  the  s4
408       string.
409
410       While  n  and m are handled by formatter_out_functions.out_indent , the
411       strings will be handled by  formatter_out_functions.out_string  .  This
412       allows  for a custom formatter that handles indentation distinctly, for
413       example, outputs <br/> tags or &nbsp; entities.
414
415       The custom break  is  useful  if  you  want  to  change  which  visible
416       (non-whitespace)  characters  are printed in case of break or no break.
417       For example, when printing a list
418       [a; b; c]
419       trailing semicolon when it is printed vertically:
420
421
422       [
423         a;
424         b;
425         c;
426       ]
427
428
429       You can do this as follows:
430       printf "@[<v 0>[@;<0 2>@[<v 0>a;@,b;@,c@]%t]@]@\n"
431         (pp_print_custom_break ~fits:("", 0, "") ~breaks:(";", 0, ""))
432
433
434
435       Since 4.08.0
436
437
438
439       val pp_force_newline : formatter -> unit -> unit
440
441
442
443
444       val force_newline : unit -> unit
445
446       Force a new line in the current pretty-printing box.
447
448       The pretty-printer must split the line at this point,
449
450       Not the normal way of pretty-printing, since imperative line  splitting
451       may interfere with current line counters and box size calculation.  Us‐
452       ing break hints within an enclosing vertical box is a  better  alterna‐
453       tive.
454
455
456
457       val pp_print_if_newline : formatter -> unit -> unit
458
459
460
461
462       val print_if_newline : unit -> unit
463
464       Execute the next formatting command if the preceding line has just been
465       split. Otherwise, ignore the next formatting command.
466
467
468
469
470   Pretty-printing termination
471       val pp_print_flush : formatter -> unit -> unit
472
473
474
475
476       val print_flush : unit -> unit
477
478       End of pretty-printing: resets the pretty-printer to initial state.
479
480       All open pretty-printing boxes are closed, all pending text is printed.
481       In  addition,  the pretty-printer low level output device is flushed to
482       ensure that all pending text is really displayed.
483
484       Note: never use print_flush in the normal course of  a  pretty-printing
485       routine, since the pretty-printer uses a complex buffering machinery to
486       properly indent the output; manually flushing those buffers  at  random
487       would conflict with the pretty-printer strategy and result to poor ren‐
488       dering.
489
490       Only consider using print_flush when displaying all pending material is
491       mandatory  (for  instance  in case of interactive use when you want the
492       user to read some text) and when  resetting  the  pretty-printer  state
493       will not disturb further pretty-printing.
494
495       Warning:  If the output device of the pretty-printer is an output chan‐
496       nel, repeated calls to print_flush means repeated  calls  to  flush  to
497       flush  the  out  channel;  these  explicit  flush  calls could foil the
498       buffering strategy of output channels and could dramatically impact ef‐
499       ficiency.
500
501
502
503       val pp_print_newline : formatter -> unit -> unit
504
505
506
507
508       val print_newline : unit -> unit
509
510       End of pretty-printing: resets the pretty-printer to initial state.
511
512       All open pretty-printing boxes are closed, all pending text is printed.
513
514       Equivalent  to  Format.print_flush  followed by a new line.  See corre‐
515       sponding words of caution for Format.print_flush .
516
517       Note: this is not the normal way to output a new  line;  the  preferred
518       method is using break hints within a vertical pretty-printing box.
519
520
521
522
523   Margin
524       val pp_set_margin : formatter -> int -> unit
525
526
527
528
529       val set_margin : int -> unit
530
531
532       pp_set_margin  ppf  d  sets  the right margin to d (in characters): the
533       pretty-printer splits lines that overflow the right margin according to
534       the  break hints given.  Setting the margin to d means that the format‐
535       ting engine aims at printing at most d-1 characters per line.   Nothing
536       happens if d is smaller than 2.  If d is too large, the right margin is
537       set to the maximum admissible value (which is greater than 10  ^  9  ).
538       If  d  is  less than the current maximum indentation limit, the maximum
539       indentation limit is decreased while trying to preserve a minimal ratio
540       max_indent/margin>=50%  and if possible the current difference margin -
541       max_indent .
542
543       See also Format.pp_set_geometry .
544
545
546
547       val pp_get_margin : formatter -> unit -> int
548
549
550
551
552       val get_margin : unit -> int
553
554       Returns the position of the right margin.
555
556
557
558
559   Maximum indentation limit
560       val pp_set_max_indent : formatter -> int -> unit
561
562
563
564
565       val set_max_indent : int -> unit
566
567
568       pp_set_max_indent ppf d sets the maximum indentation limit of lines  to
569       d  (in  characters):  once  this  limit is reached, new pretty-printing
570       boxes are rejected to the left, unless the enclosing box fully fits  on
571       the current line.  As an illustration,
572       set_margin 10; set_max_indent 5; printf "@[123456@[7@]89A@]@."
573       yields
574           123456
575           789A
576
577       because  the nested box "@[7@]" is opened after the maximum indentation
578       limit ( 7>5 ) and its parent box does not fit on the current line.  Ei‐
579       ther decreasing the length of the parent box to make it fit on a line:
580       printf "@[123456@[7@]89@]@."
581       or  opening  an  intermediary  box before the maximum indentation limit
582       which fits on the current line
583       printf "@[123@[456@[7@]89@]A@]@."
584       avoids the rejection to the left of the inner boxes and  print  respec‐
585       tively  "123456789"  and  "123456789A" .  Note also that vertical boxes
586       never fit on a line whereas horizontal boxes always fully  fit  on  the
587       current  line.  Opening a box may split a line whereas the contents may
588       have fit.  If this behavior is problematic, it can be curtailed by set‐
589       ting  the  maximum  indentation limit to margin - 1 . Note that setting
590       the maximum indentation limit to margin is invalid.
591
592       Nothing happens if d is smaller than 2.
593
594       If d is too large, the limit is set to  the  maximum  admissible  value
595       (which is greater than 10 ^ 9 ).
596
597       If  d  is  greater or equal than the current margin, it is ignored, and
598       the current maximum indentation limit is kept.
599
600       See also Format.pp_set_geometry .
601
602
603
604       val pp_get_max_indent : formatter -> unit -> int
605
606
607
608
609       val get_max_indent : unit -> int
610
611       Return the maximum indentation limit (in characters).
612
613
614
615
616   Geometry
617       Geometric functions can be used to manipulate simultaneously  the  cou‐
618       pled variables, margin and maxixum indentation limit.
619
620       type geometry = {
621        max_indent : int ;
622        margin : int ;
623        }
624
625
626
627
628
629       val check_geometry : geometry -> bool
630
631       Check if the formatter geometry is valid: 1 < max_indent < margin
632
633
634
635
636       val pp_set_geometry : formatter -> max_indent:int -> margin:int -> unit
637
638
639
640
641       val set_geometry : max_indent:int -> margin:int -> unit
642
643
644
645
646       val pp_safe_set_geometry : formatter -> max_indent:int -> margin:int ->
647       unit
648
649
650
651
652       val safe_set_geometry : max_indent:int -> margin:int -> unit
653
654
655       pp_set_geometry ppf ~max_indent ~margin sets both the margin and  maxi‐
656       mum indentation limit for ppf .
657
658       When  1 < max_indent < margin , pp_set_geometry ppf ~max_indent ~margin
659       is  equivalent  to  pp_set_margin  ppf  margin;  pp_set_max_indent  ppf
660       max_indent  ;  and  avoids  the  subtly incorrect pp_set_max_indent ppf
661       max_indent; pp_set_margin ppf margin ;
662
663       Outside of this domain, pp_set_geometry raises an invalid argument  ex‐
664       ception whereas pp_safe_set_geometry does nothing.
665
666
667       Since 4.08.0
668
669
670
671       val pp_update_geometry : formatter -> (geometry -> geometry) -> unit
672
673
674       pp_update_geometry  ppf (fun geo -> { geo with ... }) lets you update a
675       formatter's geometry in a way that is robust to extension of the geome‐
676       try record with new fields.
677
678       Raises  an invalid argument exception if the returned geometry does not
679       satisfy Format.check_geometry .
680
681
682       Since 4.11.0
683
684
685
686       val update_geometry : (geometry -> geometry) -> unit
687
688
689
690
691       val pp_get_geometry : formatter -> unit -> geometry
692
693
694
695
696       val get_geometry : unit -> geometry
697
698       Return the current geometry of the formatter
699
700
701       Since 4.08.0
702
703
704
705
706   Maximum formatting depth
707       The maximum formatting depth is the maximum number  of  pretty-printing
708       boxes simultaneously open.
709
710       Material  inside  boxes  nested  deeper is printed as an ellipsis (more
711       precisely as the text returned by Format.get_ellipsis_text () ).
712
713       val pp_set_max_boxes : formatter -> int -> unit
714
715
716
717
718       val set_max_boxes : int -> unit
719
720
721       pp_set_max_boxes ppf max sets the  maximum  number  of  pretty-printing
722       boxes simultaneously open.
723
724       Material  inside  boxes  nested  deeper is printed as an ellipsis (more
725       precisely as the text returned by Format.get_ellipsis_text () ).
726
727       Nothing happens if max is smaller than 2.
728
729
730
731       val pp_get_max_boxes : formatter -> unit -> int
732
733
734
735
736       val get_max_boxes : unit -> int
737
738       Returns the maximum number of pretty-printing boxes allowed before  el‐
739       lipsis.
740
741
742
743       val pp_over_max_boxes : formatter -> unit -> bool
744
745
746
747
748       val over_max_boxes : unit -> bool
749
750       Tests  if  the maximum number of pretty-printing boxes allowed have al‐
751       ready been opened.
752
753
754
755
756   Tabulation boxes
757       A tabulation box prints material on lines divided into cells  of  fixed
758       length. A tabulation box provides a simple way to display vertical col‐
759       umns of left adjusted text.
760
761       This box features command set_tab to define cell boundaries,  and  com‐
762       mand  print_tab to move from cell to cell and split the line when there
763       is no more cells to print on the line.
764
765       Note: printing within tabulation box is  line  directed,  so  arbitrary
766       line  splitting  inside  a tabulation box leads to poor rendering. Yet,
767       controlled use of tabulation boxes allows simple  printing  of  columns
768       within module Format .
769
770       val pp_open_tbox : formatter -> unit -> unit
771
772
773
774
775       val open_tbox : unit -> unit
776
777
778       open_tbox () opens a new tabulation box.
779
780       This box prints lines separated into cells of fixed width.
781
782       Inside  a  tabulation box, special tabulation markers defines points of
783       interest on the line (for instance to delimit cell boundaries).   Func‐
784       tion Format.set_tab sets a tabulation marker at insertion point.
785
786       A  tabulation  box  features specific tabulation breaks to move to next
787       tabulation marker  or  split  the  line.  Function  Format.print_tbreak
788       prints a tabulation break.
789
790
791
792       val pp_close_tbox : formatter -> unit -> unit
793
794
795
796
797       val close_tbox : unit -> unit
798
799       Closes the most recently opened tabulation box.
800
801
802
803       val pp_set_tab : formatter -> unit -> unit
804
805
806
807
808       val set_tab : unit -> unit
809
810       Sets a tabulation marker at current insertion point.
811
812
813
814       val pp_print_tab : formatter -> unit -> unit
815
816
817
818
819       val print_tab : unit -> unit
820
821
822       print_tab  ()  emits a 'next' tabulation break hint: if not already set
823       on a tabulation marker, the insertion point moves to the first  tabula‐
824       tion marker on the right, or the pretty-printer splits the line and in‐
825       sertion point moves to the leftmost tabulation marker.
826
827       It is equivalent to print_tbreak 0 0 .
828
829
830
831       val pp_print_tbreak : formatter -> int -> int -> unit
832
833
834
835
836       val print_tbreak : int -> int -> unit
837
838
839       print_tbreak nspaces offset emits a 'full' tabulation break hint.
840
841       If not already set on a tabulation marker, the insertion point moves to
842       the  first tabulation marker on the right and the pretty-printer prints
843       nspaces spaces.
844
845       If there is no next tabulation marker on the right, the  pretty-printer
846       splits  the line at this point, then insertion point moves to the left‐
847       most tabulation marker of the box.
848
849       If the pretty-printer splits the line, offset is added to  the  current
850       indentation.
851
852
853
854
855   Ellipsis
856       val pp_set_ellipsis_text : formatter -> string -> unit
857
858
859
860
861       val set_ellipsis_text : string -> unit
862
863       Set  the  text  of  the  ellipsis printed when too many pretty-printing
864       boxes are open (a single dot, .  , by default).
865
866
867
868       val pp_get_ellipsis_text : formatter -> unit -> string
869
870
871
872
873       val get_ellipsis_text : unit -> string
874
875       Return the text of the ellipsis.
876
877
878
879
880   Semantic tags
881       type stag = ..
882
883
884       Semantic tags (or simply tags) are user's defined annotations to  asso‐
885       ciate user's specific operations to printed entities.
886
887       Common  usage  of semantic tags is text decoration to get specific font
888       or text size rendering for a display device, or marking delimitation of
889       entities  (e.g.  HTML  or  TeX  elements or terminal escape sequences).
890       More sophisticated usage of semantic tags could handle dynamic  modifi‐
891       cation  of  the  pretty-printer behavior to properly print the material
892       within some specific tags.  For instance, we can define an RGB tag like
893       so:
894       type stag += RGB of {r:int;g:int;b:int}
895
896
897       In  order  to properly delimit printed entities, a semantic tag must be
898       opened before and closed after the entity. Semantic tags must be  prop‐
899       erly   nested  like  parentheses  using  Format.pp_open_stag  and  For‐
900       mat.pp_close_stag .
901
902       Tag specific operations occur any time a tag is opened  or  closed,  At
903       each  occurrence, two kinds of operations are performed tag-marking and
904       tag-printing:
905
906       -The tag-marking operation is the simpler tag  specific  operation:  it
907       simply  writes a tag specific string into the output device of the for‐
908       matter. Tag-marking does not interfere with line-splitting computation.
909
910       -The tag-printing operation is the more involved  tag  specific  opera‐
911       tion: it can print arbitrary material to the formatter. Tag-printing is
912       tightly linked to the current pretty-printer operations.
913
914       Roughly speaking, tag-marking is commonly used to get a better  render‐
915       ing  of  texts  in the rendering device, while tag-printing allows fine
916       tuning of printing routines to print the same  entity  differently  ac‐
917       cording  to  the  semantic tags (i.e. print additional material or even
918       omit parts of the output).
919
920       More precisely: when a semantic tag is opened or closed then  both  and
921       successive 'tag-printing' and 'tag-marking' operations occur:
922
923       -Tag-printing a semantic tag means calling the formatter specific func‐
924       tion print_open_stag (resp.  print_close_stag ) with the  name  of  the
925       tag  as argument: that tag-printing function can then print any regular
926       material to the formatter (so that this material is enqueued  as  usual
927       in the formatter queue for further line splitting computation).
928
929       -Tag-marking  a semantic tag means calling the formatter specific func‐
930       tion mark_open_stag (resp.  mark_close_stag ) with the name of the  tag
931       as argument: that tag-marking function can then return the 'tag-opening
932       marker' (resp. `tag-closing marker') for direct output into the  output
933       device of the formatter.
934
935       Being  written directly into the output device of the formatter, seman‐
936       tic tag marker strings are not considered as part of the printing mate‐
937       rial  that  drives  line  splitting  (in other words, the length of the
938       strings corresponding to tag markers is considered  as  zero  for  line
939       splitting).
940
941       Thus,   semantic   tag   handling  is  in  some  sense  transparent  to
942       pretty-printing and does not interfere with usual indentation. Hence, a
943       single  pretty-printing routine can output both simple 'verbatim' mate‐
944       rial or richer decorated output depending on the treatment of tags.  By
945       default,  tags  are  not active, hence the output is not decorated with
946       tag information. Once set_tags is set to true , the pretty-printer  en‐
947       gine honors tags and decorates the output accordingly.
948
949       Default  tag-marking  functions behave the HTML way: Format.tag are en‐
950       closed in "<" and ">" while other  tags  are  ignored;  hence,  opening
951       marker for tag string "t" is "<t>" and closing marker is "</t>" .
952
953       Default tag-printing functions just do nothing.
954
955       Tag-marking  and  tag-printing  functions are user definable and can be
956       set by calling Format.set_formatter_stag_functions .
957
958       Semantic tag operations may be set on or  off  with  Format.set_tags  .
959       Tag-marking operations may be set on or off with Format.set_mark_tags .
960       Tag-printing operations may be set on or off with Format.set_print_tags
961       .
962
963
964       Since 4.08.0
965
966
967       type tag = string
968
969
970
971
972       type Format.stag +=
973        |  String_tag  of tag  (* String_tag s is a string tag s . String tags
974       can be inserted either by explicitly using the  constructor  String_tag
975       or by using the dedicated format syntax "@{<s> ... @}" .
976
977
978       Since 4.08.0
979        *)
980
981
982
983
984
985       val pp_open_stag : formatter -> stag -> unit
986
987
988
989
990       val open_stag : stag -> unit
991
992
993       pp_open_stag ppf t opens the semantic tag named t .
994
995       The  print_open_stag  tag-printing  function of the formatter is called
996       with t as argument; then the opening tag marker for t  ,  as  given  by
997       mark_open_stag t , is written into the output device of the formatter.
998
999
1000       Since 4.08.0
1001
1002
1003
1004       val pp_close_stag : formatter -> unit -> unit
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009       val close_stag : unit -> unit
1010
1011
1012       pp_close_stag ppf () closes the most recently opened semantic tag t .
1013
1014       The closing tag marker, as given by mark_close_stag t , is written into
1015       the  output  device  of  the  formatter;  then   the   print_close_stag
1016       tag-printing function of the formatter is called with t as argument.
1017
1018
1019       Since 4.08.0
1020
1021
1022
1023       val pp_set_tags : formatter -> bool -> unit
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028       val set_tags : bool -> unit
1029
1030
1031       pp_set_tags  ppf  b turns on or off the treatment of semantic tags (de‐
1032       fault is off).
1033
1034
1035
1036       val pp_set_print_tags : formatter -> bool -> unit
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041       val set_print_tags : bool -> unit
1042
1043
1044       pp_set_print_tags ppf b turns on or off the tag-printing operations.
1045
1046
1047
1048       val pp_set_mark_tags : formatter -> bool -> unit
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053       val set_mark_tags : bool -> unit
1054
1055
1056       pp_set_mark_tags ppf b turns on or off the tag-marking operations.
1057
1058
1059
1060       val pp_get_print_tags : formatter -> unit -> bool
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065       val get_print_tags : unit -> bool
1066
1067       Return the current status of tag-printing operations.
1068
1069
1070
1071       val pp_get_mark_tags : formatter -> unit -> bool
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076       val get_mark_tags : unit -> bool
1077
1078       Return the current status of tag-marking operations.
1079
1080
1081
1082       val pp_set_formatter_out_channel : formatter -> out_channel -> unit
1083
1084
1085   Redirecting the standard formatter output
1086       val set_formatter_out_channel : out_channel -> unit
1087
1088       Redirect the standard pretty-printer output to the given channel.  (All
1089       the  output  functions of the standard formatter are set to the default
1090       output functions printing to the given channel.)
1091
1092
1093       set_formatter_out_channel  is   equivalent   to   Format.pp_set_format‐
1094       ter_out_channel std_formatter .
1095
1096
1097
1098       val  pp_set_formatter_output_functions : formatter -> (string -> int ->
1099       int -> unit) -> (unit -> unit) -> unit
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104       val set_formatter_output_functions : (string -> int -> int -> unit)  ->
1105       (unit -> unit) -> unit
1106
1107
1108       pp_set_formatter_output_functions  ppf out flush redirects the standard
1109       pretty-printer output functions to the functions out and flush .
1110
1111       The out function performs all the pretty-printer string output.  It  is
1112       called  with  a string s , a start position p , and a number of charac‐
1113       ters n ; it is supposed to output characters p to p + n - 1 of s .
1114
1115       The flush function is called whenever  the  pretty-printer  is  flushed
1116       (via  conversion  %!   , or pretty-printing indications @?  or @.  , or
1117       using low level functions print_flush or print_newline ).
1118
1119
1120
1121       val pp_get_formatter_output_functions : formatter -> unit -> (string ->
1122       int -> int -> unit) * (unit -> unit)
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127       val  get_formatter_output_functions  : unit -> (string -> int -> int ->
1128       unit) * (unit -> unit)
1129
1130       Return the current output functions of the standard pretty-printer.
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135   Redefining formatter output
1136       The Format module is versatile enough to let  you  completely  redefine
1137       the  meaning  of pretty-printing output: you may provide your own func‐
1138       tions to define how to handle indentation,  line  splitting,  and  even
1139       printing of all the characters that have to be printed!
1140
1141   Redefining output functions
1142       type formatter_out_functions = {
1143        out_string : string -> int -> int -> unit ;
1144        out_flush : unit -> unit ;
1145        out_newline : unit -> unit ;
1146        out_spaces : int -> unit ;
1147        out_indent : int -> unit ;  (* .B "Since" 4.06.0
1148        *)
1149        }
1150
1151
1152       The set of output functions specific to a formatter:
1153
1154       -the out_string function performs all the pretty-printer string output.
1155       It is called with a string s , a start position p ,  and  a  number  of
1156       characters  n ; it is supposed to output characters p to p + n - 1 of s
1157       .
1158
1159       -the out_flush function flushes the pretty-printer output device.
1160
1161       - out_newline is called to open a  new  line  when  the  pretty-printer
1162       splits the line.
1163
1164       -the out_spaces function outputs spaces when a break hint leads to spa‐
1165       ces instead of a line split. It is called with the number of spaces  to
1166       output.
1167
1168       -the  out_indent  function  performs  new  line  indentation  when  the
1169       pretty-printer splits the line. It is called with the indentation value
1170       of the new line.
1171
1172       By default:
1173
1174       -fields  out_string  and  out_flush  are  output device specific; (e.g.
1175       output_string and flush for a out_channel  device,  or  Buffer.add_sub‐
1176       string and ignore for a Buffer.t output device),
1177
1178       -field out_newline is equivalent to out_string "\n" 0 1 ;
1179
1180       -fields   out_spaces   and  out_indent  are  equivalent  to  out_string
1181       (String.make n ' ') 0 n .
1182
1183
1184
1185       Since 4.01.0
1186
1187
1188
1189       val pp_set_formatter_out_functions : formatter  ->  formatter_out_func‐
1190       tions -> unit
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195       val set_formatter_out_functions : formatter_out_functions -> unit
1196
1197
1198       pp_set_formatter_out_functions  ppf out_funs Set all the pretty-printer
1199       output functions of ppf to those of argument out_funs ,
1200
1201       This way, you can change the meaning of indentation (which can be some‐
1202       thing  else than just printing space characters) and the meaning of new
1203       lines opening (which can be connected to any other action needed by the
1204       application at hand).
1205
1206       Reasonable  defaults  for  functions out_spaces and out_newline are re‐
1207       spectively  out_funs.out_string  (String.make  n   '   ')   0   n   and
1208       out_funs.out_string "\n" 0 1 .
1209
1210
1211       Since 4.01.0
1212
1213
1214
1215       val  pp_get_formatter_out_functions  :  formatter  ->  unit  -> format‐
1216       ter_out_functions
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221       val get_formatter_out_functions : unit -> formatter_out_functions
1222
1223       Return the current output functions of  the  pretty-printer,  including
1224       line  splitting and indentation functions. Useful to record the current
1225       setting and restore it afterwards.
1226
1227
1228       Since 4.01.0
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233   Redefining semantic tag operations
1234       type formatter_stag_functions = {
1235        mark_open_stag : stag -> string ;
1236        mark_close_stag : stag -> string ;
1237        print_open_stag : stag -> unit ;
1238        print_close_stag : stag -> unit ;
1239        }
1240
1241
1242       The semantic tag handling functions specific to a formatter: mark  ver‐
1243       sions are the 'tag-marking' functions that associate a string marker to
1244       a tag in order for the pretty-printing engine to write those markers as
1245       0  length tokens in the output device of the formatter.  print versions
1246       are the 'tag-printing' functions that can perform regular printing when
1247       a tag is closed or opened.
1248
1249
1250       Since 4.08.0
1251
1252
1253
1254       val pp_set_formatter_stag_functions : formatter -> formatter_stag_func‐
1255       tions -> unit
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260       val set_formatter_stag_functions : formatter_stag_functions -> unit
1261
1262
1263       pp_set_formatter_stag_functions ppf tag_funs  changes  the  meaning  of
1264       opening  and  closing  semantic  tag operations to use the functions in
1265       tag_funs when printing on ppf .
1266
1267       When opening a semantic tag with name t , the string t is passed to the
1268       opening  tag-marking  function  (the mark_open_stag field of the record
1269       tag_funs ), that must return the opening tag marker for that name. When
1270       the next call to close_stag () happens, the semantic tag name t is sent
1271       back to the closing tag-marking function (the mark_close_stag field  of
1272       record tag_funs ), that must return a closing tag marker for that name.
1273
1274       The print_ field of the record contains the tag-printing functions that
1275       are called at tag opening and tag closing time, to output regular mate‐
1276       rial in the pretty-printer queue.
1277
1278
1279       Since 4.08.0
1280
1281
1282
1283       val  pp_get_formatter_stag_functions  :  formatter  ->  unit -> format‐
1284       ter_stag_functions
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289       val get_formatter_stag_functions : unit -> formatter_stag_functions
1290
1291       Return the current semantic tag operation  functions  of  the  standard
1292       pretty-printer.
1293
1294
1295       Since 4.08.0
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300   Defining formatters
1301       Defining  new formatters permits unrelated output of material in paral‐
1302       lel on several output devices.  All the parameters of a  formatter  are
1303       local  to the formatter: right margin, maximum indentation limit, maxi‐
1304       mum number of pretty-printing boxes simultaneously open, ellipsis,  and
1305       so on, are specific to each formatter and may be fixed independently.
1306
1307       For  instance, given a Buffer.t buffer b , Format.formatter_of_buffer b
1308       returns a new formatter using buffer b as  its  output  device.   Simi‐
1309       larly,   given   a  out_channel  output  channel  oc  ,  Format.format‐
1310       ter_of_out_channel oc returns a new formatter using channel oc  as  its
1311       output device.
1312
1313       Alternatively,  given out_funs , a complete set of output functions for
1314       a formatter, then Format.formatter_of_out_functions out_funs computes a
1315       new formatter using those functions for output.
1316
1317       val formatter_of_out_channel : out_channel -> formatter
1318
1319
1320       formatter_of_out_channel oc returns a new formatter writing to the cor‐
1321       responding output channel oc .
1322
1323
1324
1325       val std_formatter : formatter
1326
1327       The standard formatter to write to standard output.
1328
1329       It is defined as Format.formatter_of_out_channel stdout .
1330
1331
1332
1333       val err_formatter : formatter
1334
1335       A formatter to write to standard error.
1336
1337       It is defined as Format.formatter_of_out_channel stderr .
1338
1339
1340
1341       val formatter_of_buffer : Buffer.t -> formatter
1342
1343
1344       formatter_of_buffer b returns a new formatter writing to buffer b .  At
1345       the  end  of  pretty-printing, the formatter must be flushed using For‐
1346       mat.pp_print_flush or Format.pp_print_newline , to print all the  pend‐
1347       ing material into the buffer.
1348
1349
1350
1351       val stdbuf : Buffer.t
1352
1353       The string buffer in which str_formatter writes.
1354
1355
1356
1357       val str_formatter : formatter
1358
1359       A formatter to output to the Format.stdbuf string buffer.
1360
1361
1362       str_formatter is defined as Format.formatter_of_buffer Format.stdbuf .
1363
1364
1365
1366       val flush_str_formatter : unit -> string
1367
1368       Returns the material printed with str_formatter , flushes the formatter
1369       and resets the corresponding buffer.
1370
1371
1372
1373       val make_formatter : (string -> int -> int -> unit) -> (unit  ->  unit)
1374       -> formatter
1375
1376
1377       make_formatter  out  flush  returns  a  new formatter that outputs with
1378       function out , and flushes with function flush .
1379
1380       For instance,
1381           make_formatter
1382             (Stdlib.output oc)
1383             (fun () -> Stdlib.flush oc)
1384       returns a formatter to the out_channel oc .
1385
1386
1387
1388       val formatter_of_out_functions : formatter_out_functions -> formatter
1389
1390
1391       formatter_of_out_functions out_funs returns a new formatter that writes
1392       with the set of output functions out_funs .
1393
1394       See  definition  of type Format.formatter_out_functions for the meaning
1395       of argument out_funs .
1396
1397
1398       Since 4.06.0
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403   Symbolic pretty-printing
1404       Symbolic pretty-printing is pretty-printing using a symbolic formatter,
1405       i.e. a formatter that outputs symbolic pretty-printing items.
1406
1407       When using a symbolic formatter, all regular pretty-printing activities
1408       occur but output material is symbolic and stored in a buffer of  output
1409       items.   At  the end of pretty-printing, flushing the output buffer al‐
1410       lows post-processing of symbolic output  before  performing  low  level
1411       output operations.
1412
1413       In practice, first define a symbolic output buffer b using:
1414
1415       -  let  sob  = make_symbolic_output_buffer () .  Then define a symbolic
1416       formatter with:
1417
1418       - let ppf = formatter_of_symbolic_output_buffer sob
1419
1420       Use symbolic formatter ppf as usual, and retrieve symbolic items at end
1421       of pretty-printing by flushing symbolic output buffer sob with:
1422
1423       - flush_symbolic_output_buffer sob .
1424
1425
1426       type symbolic_output_item =
1427        | Output_flush  (* symbolic flush command
1428        *)
1429        | Output_newline  (* symbolic newline command
1430        *)
1431        | Output_string of string
1432         (* Output_string s : symbolic output for string s
1433
1434        *)
1435        | Output_spaces of int
1436         (* Output_spaces n : symbolic command to output n spaces
1437        *)
1438        | Output_indent of int
1439         (* Output_indent i : symbolic indentation of size i
1440
1441        *)
1442
1443
1444       Items produced by symbolic pretty-printers
1445
1446
1447       Since 4.06.0
1448
1449
1450       type symbolic_output_buffer
1451
1452
1453       The output buffer of a symbolic pretty-printer.
1454
1455
1456       Since 4.06.0
1457
1458
1459
1460       val make_symbolic_output_buffer : unit -> symbolic_output_buffer
1461
1462
1463       make_symbolic_output_buffer () returns a fresh buffer for symbolic out‐
1464       put.
1465
1466
1467       Since 4.06.0
1468
1469
1470
1471       val clear_symbolic_output_buffer : symbolic_output_buffer -> unit
1472
1473
1474       clear_symbolic_output_buffer sob resets buffer sob .
1475
1476
1477       Since 4.06.0
1478
1479
1480
1481       val  get_symbolic_output_buffer  :   symbolic_output_buffer   ->   sym‐
1482       bolic_output_item list
1483
1484
1485       get_symbolic_output_buffer sob returns the contents of buffer sob .
1486
1487
1488       Since 4.06.0
1489
1490
1491
1492       val   flush_symbolic_output_buffer  :  symbolic_output_buffer  ->  sym‐
1493       bolic_output_item list
1494
1495
1496       flush_symbolic_output_buffer sob returns the contents of buffer sob and
1497       resets  buffer sob .  flush_symbolic_output_buffer sob is equivalent to
1498       let items = get_symbolic_output_buffer sob in
1499          clear_symbolic_output_buffer sob; items
1500
1501
1502
1503       Since 4.06.0
1504
1505
1506
1507       val add_symbolic_output_item : symbolic_output_buffer ->  symbolic_out‐
1508       put_item -> unit
1509
1510
1511       add_symbolic_output_item sob itm adds item itm to buffer sob .
1512
1513
1514       Since 4.06.0
1515
1516
1517
1518       val  formatter_of_symbolic_output_buffer  :  symbolic_output_buffer  ->
1519       formatter
1520
1521
1522       formatter_of_symbolic_output_buffer sob returns  a  symbolic  formatter
1523       that outputs to symbolic_output_buffer sob .
1524
1525
1526       Since 4.06.0
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531   Convenience formatting functions.
1532       val  pp_print_list  : ?pp_sep:(formatter -> unit -> unit) -> (formatter
1533       -> 'a -> unit) -> formatter -> 'a list -> unit
1534
1535
1536       pp_print_list ?pp_sep pp_v ppf l prints items of list l , using pp_v to
1537       print  each item, and calling pp_sep between items ( pp_sep defaults to
1538       Format.pp_print_cut .  Does nothing on empty lists.
1539
1540
1541       Since 4.02.0
1542
1543
1544
1545       val pp_print_seq : ?pp_sep:(formatter -> unit -> unit) -> (formatter ->
1546       'a -> unit) -> formatter -> 'a Seq.t -> unit
1547
1548
1549       pp_print_seq ?pp_sep pp_v ppf s prints items of sequence s , using pp_v
1550       to print each item, and calling pp_sep between items ( pp_sep  defaults
1551       to Format.pp_print_cut .  Does nothing on empty sequences.
1552
1553       This function does not terminate on infinite sequences.
1554
1555
1556       Since 4.12
1557
1558
1559
1560       val pp_print_text : formatter -> string -> unit
1561
1562
1563       pp_print_text  ppf  s  prints  s  with spaces and newlines respectively
1564       printed using Format.pp_print_space and Format.pp_force_newline .
1565
1566
1567       Since 4.02.0
1568
1569
1570
1571       val pp_print_option : ?none:(formatter -> unit -> unit)  ->  (formatter
1572       -> 'a -> unit) -> formatter -> 'a option -> unit
1573
1574
1575       pp_print_option  ?none  pp_v  ppf  o prints o on ppf using pp_v if o is
1576       Some v and none if it is None .  none prints nothing by default.
1577
1578
1579       Since 4.08
1580
1581
1582
1583       val pp_print_result : ok:(formatter -> 'a -> unit) ->  error:(formatter
1584       -> 'e -> unit) -> formatter -> ('a, 'e) result -> unit
1585
1586
1587       pp_print_result  ~ok ~error ppf r prints r on ppf using ok if r is Ok _
1588       and error if r is Error _ .
1589
1590
1591       Since 4.08
1592
1593
1594
1595       val pp_print_either : left:(formatter -> 'a -> unit) ->  right:(format‐
1596       ter -> 'b -> unit) -> formatter -> ('a, 'b) Either.t -> unit
1597
1598
1599       pp_print_either  ~left  ~right ppf e prints e on ppf using left if e is
1600       Either.Left _ and right if e is Either.Right _ .
1601
1602
1603       Since 4.13
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608   Formatted pretty-printing
1609       Module Format provides a complete set  of  printf  like  functions  for
1610       pretty-printing using format string specifications.
1611
1612       Specific  annotations  may  be  added  in  the  format  strings to give
1613       pretty-printing commands to the pretty-printing engine.
1614
1615       Those annotations are introduced in the  format  strings  using  the  @
1616       character.  For  instance,  @  means  a space break, @, means a cut, @[
1617       opens a new box, and @] closes the last open box.
1618
1619       val fprintf : formatter -> ('a, formatter, unit) format -> 'a
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625       fprintf ff fmt arg1 ... argN formats the arguments arg1 to argN accord‐
1626       ing  to the format string fmt , and outputs the resulting string on the
1627       formatter ff .
1628
1629       The format string fmt is a character string which contains three  types
1630       of objects: plain characters and conversion specifications as specified
1631       in the Printf module, and pretty-printing indications specific  to  the
1632       Format module.
1633
1634       The pretty-printing indication characters are introduced by a @ charac‐
1635       ter, and their meanings are:
1636
1637       - @[ : open a pretty-printing box. The type and offset of the  box  may
1638       be  optionally  specified  with  the following syntax: the < character,
1639       followed by an optional box type indication, then an  optional  integer
1640       offset,  and  the closing > character.  Pretty-printing box type is one
1641       of h , v , hv , b , or  hov  .   '  h  '  stands  for  an  'horizontal'
1642       pretty-printing box, ' v ' stands for a 'vertical' pretty-printing box,
1643       ' hv ' stands for an 'horizontal/vertical' pretty-printing box, '  b  '
1644       stands  for an 'horizontal-or-vertical' pretty-printing box demonstrat‐
1645       ing indentation, '  hov  '  stands  a  simple  'horizontal-or-vertical'
1646       pretty-printing  box.   For  instance,  @[<hov  2>  opens  an 'horizon‐
1647       tal-or-vertical' pretty-printing box with  indentation  2  as  obtained
1648       with open_hovbox 2 .  For more details about pretty-printing boxes, see
1649       the various box opening functions open_*box .
1650
1651       - @] : close the most recently opened pretty-printing box.
1652
1653       - @, : output a 'cut' break hint, as with print_cut () .
1654
1655       - @ : output a 'space' break hint, as with print_space () .
1656
1657       - @; : output a 'full' break hint as with print_break . The nspaces and
1658       offset  parameters  of  the break hint may be optionally specified with
1659       the following syntax: the < character, followed by an  integer  nspaces
1660       value,  then  an integer offset , and a closing > character.  If no pa‐
1661       rameters are provided, the good break defaults to a 'space' break hint.
1662
1663       - @.  : flush the pretty-printer and split the line, as with print_new‐
1664       line () .
1665
1666       -  @<n>  : print the following item as if it were of length n .  Hence,
1667       printf "@<0>%s" arg prints arg as a zero length string.  If @<n> is not
1668       followed by a conversion specification, then the following character of
1669       the format is printed as if it were of length n .
1670
1671       - @{ : open a semantic tag. The name of the tag may be optionally spec‐
1672       ified  with  the  following syntax: the < character, followed by an op‐
1673       tional string specification, and the closing >  character.  The  string
1674       specification is any character string that does not contain the closing
1675       character '>' . If omitted, the tag name defaults to the empty  string.
1676       For   more   details  about  semantic  tags,  see  the  functions  For‐
1677       mat.open_stag and Format.close_stag .
1678
1679       - @} : close the most recently opened semantic tag.
1680
1681       - @?  : flush the pretty-printer as with  print_flush  ()  .   This  is
1682       equivalent to the conversion %!  .
1683
1684       -  @\n : force a newline, as with force_newline () , not the normal way
1685       of pretty-printing, you should prefer using break hints inside a verti‐
1686       cal pretty-printing box.
1687
1688       Note: To prevent the interpretation of a @ character as a pretty-print‐
1689       ing indication, escape it with a % character.  Old quotation mode @@ is
1690       deprecated  since it is not compatible with formatted input interpreta‐
1691       tion of character '@' .
1692
1693       Example: printf "@[%s@ %d@]@." "x =" 1 is equivalent  to  open_box  ();
1694       print_string "x ="; print_space ();
1695           print_int  1;  close_box  ();  print_newline  () .  It prints x = 1
1696       within a pretty-printing 'horizontal-or-vertical' box.
1697
1698       val printf : ('a, formatter, unit) format -> 'a
1699
1700       Same as fprintf above, but output on std_formatter .
1701
1702
1703
1704       val eprintf : ('a, formatter, unit) format -> 'a
1705
1706       Same as fprintf above, but output on err_formatter .
1707
1708
1709
1710       val sprintf : ('a, unit, string) format -> 'a
1711
1712       Same as printf above, but instead of printing on a formatter, returns a
1713       string  containing  the  result of formatting the arguments.  Note that
1714       the pretty-printer queue is flushed at the end of each call to  sprintf
1715       .
1716
1717       In  case of multiple and related calls to sprintf to output material on
1718       a single string, you should consider using fprintf with the  predefined
1719       formatter  str_formatter and call flush_str_formatter () to get the fi‐
1720       nal result.
1721
1722       Alternatively, you can use Format.fprintf with a formatter writing to a
1723       buffer of your own: flushing the formatter and the buffer at the end of
1724       pretty-printing returns the desired string.
1725
1726
1727
1728       val asprintf : ('a, formatter, unit, string) format4 -> 'a
1729
1730       Same as printf above, but instead of printing on a formatter, returns a
1731       string  containing the result of formatting the arguments.  The type of
1732       asprintf is general enough to interact nicely with %a conversions.
1733
1734
1735       Since 4.01.0
1736
1737
1738
1739       val dprintf : ('a, formatter, unit, formatter -> unit) format4 -> 'a
1740
1741       Same as Format.fprintf , except the formatter  is  the  last  argument.
1742       dprintf  "..."  a b c is a function of type formatter -> unit which can
1743       be given to a format specifier %t .
1744
1745       This can be used as a replacement for Format.asprintf to delay  format‐
1746       ting  decisions. Using the string returned by Format.asprintf in a for‐
1747       matting context forces formatting decisions to be taken  in  isolation,
1748       and the final string may be created prematurely.  Format.dprintf allows
1749       delay of formatting decisions until the  final  formatting  context  is
1750       known.  For example:
1751         let t = Format.dprintf "%i@ %i@ %i" 1 2 3 in
1752         ...
1753         Format.printf "@[<v>%t@]" t
1754
1755
1756
1757       Since 4.08.0
1758
1759
1760
1761       val ifprintf : formatter -> ('a, formatter, unit) format -> 'a
1762
1763       Same  as  fprintf above, but does not print anything.  Useful to ignore
1764       some material when conditionally printing.
1765
1766
1767       Since 3.10.0
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772       Formatted Pretty-Printing with continuations.
1773
1774       val kfprintf : (formatter -> 'a) -> formatter -> ('b, formatter,  unit,
1775       'a) format4 -> 'b
1776
1777       Same as fprintf above, but instead of returning immediately, passes the
1778       formatter to its first argument at the end of printing.
1779
1780
1781
1782       val kdprintf : ((formatter -> unit) -> 'a) -> ('b, formatter, unit, 'a)
1783       format4 -> 'b
1784
1785       Same  as  Format.dprintf  above,  but instead of returning immediately,
1786       passes the suspended printer to its first argument at the end of print‐
1787       ing.
1788
1789
1790       Since 4.08.0
1791
1792
1793
1794       val ikfprintf : (formatter -> 'a) -> formatter -> ('b, formatter, unit,
1795       'a) format4 -> 'b
1796
1797       Same as kfprintf above, but does not print anything.  Useful to  ignore
1798       some material when conditionally printing.
1799
1800
1801       Since 3.12.0
1802
1803
1804
1805       val ksprintf : (string -> 'a) -> ('b, unit, string, 'a) format4 -> 'b
1806
1807       Same  as  sprintf above, but instead of returning the string, passes it
1808       to the first argument.
1809
1810
1811
1812       val kasprintf : (string -> 'a) -> ('b, formatter, unit, 'a) format4  ->
1813       'b
1814
1815       Same  as asprintf above, but instead of returning the string, passes it
1816       to the first argument.
1817
1818
1819       Since 4.03
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824   Deprecated
1825       val bprintf : Buffer.t -> ('a, formatter, unit) format -> 'a
1826
1827       Deprecated.  This function is error prone. Do not use it.   This  func‐
1828       tion  is  neither  compositional  nor incremental, since it flushes the
1829       pretty-printer queue at each call.
1830
1831       If you need to print to some buffer b , you must first define a format‐
1832       ter  writing  to  b , using let to_b = formatter_of_buffer b ; then use
1833       regular calls to Format.fprintf with formatter to_b .
1834
1835
1836
1837       val kprintf : (string -> 'a) -> ('b, unit, string, 'a) format4 -> 'b
1838
1839       Deprecated.  An alias for ksprintf .
1840
1841
1842
1843       val set_all_formatter_output_functions : out:(string -> int ->  int  ->
1844       unit)  -> flush:(unit -> unit) -> newline:(unit -> unit) -> spaces:(int
1845       -> unit) -> unit
1846
1847       Deprecated.  Subsumed by set_formatter_out_functions .
1848
1849
1850
1851       val get_all_formatter_output_functions : unit -> (string -> int ->  int
1852       -> unit) * (unit -> unit) * (unit -> unit) * (int -> unit)
1853
1854       Deprecated.  Subsumed by get_formatter_out_functions .
1855
1856
1857
1858       val pp_set_all_formatter_output_functions : formatter -> out:(string ->
1859       int -> int -> unit) -> flush:(unit -> unit) -> newline:(unit  ->  unit)
1860       -> spaces:(int -> unit) -> unit
1861
1862       Deprecated.  Subsumed by pp_set_formatter_out_functions .
1863
1864
1865
1866       val   pp_get_all_formatter_output_functions  :  formatter  ->  unit  ->
1867       (string -> int -> int -> unit) * (unit -> unit) * (unit -> unit) * (int
1868       -> unit)
1869
1870       Deprecated.  Subsumed by pp_get_formatter_out_functions .
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875   String tags
1876       val pp_open_tag : formatter -> tag -> unit
1877
1878       Deprecated.  Subsumed by Format.pp_open_stag .
1879
1880
1881
1882       val open_tag : tag -> unit
1883
1884       Deprecated.  Subsumed by Format.open_stag .
1885
1886
1887
1888       val pp_close_tag : formatter -> unit -> unit
1889
1890       Deprecated.  Subsumed by Format.pp_close_stag .
1891
1892
1893
1894       val close_tag : unit -> unit
1895
1896       Deprecated.  Subsumed by Format.close_stag .
1897
1898
1899       type formatter_tag_functions = {
1900        mark_open_tag : tag -> string ;
1901        mark_close_tag : tag -> string ;
1902        print_open_tag : tag -> unit ;
1903        print_close_tag : tag -> unit ;
1904        }
1905
1906
1907       Deprecated.  Subsumed by Format.formatter_stag_functions .
1908
1909
1910
1911       val  pp_set_formatter_tag_functions  : formatter -> formatter_tag_func‐
1912       tions -> unit
1913
1914       Deprecated.  Subsumed by Format.pp_set_formatter_stag_functions .
1915
1916
1917       This function will erase non-string tag formatting functions.
1918
1919
1920
1921       val set_formatter_tag_functions : formatter_tag_functions -> unit
1922
1923       Deprecated.  Subsumed by Format.set_formatter_stag_functions .
1924
1925
1926
1927       val pp_get_formatter_tag_functions  :  formatter  ->  unit  ->  format‐
1928       ter_tag_functions
1929
1930       Deprecated.  Subsumed by Format.pp_get_formatter_stag_functions .
1931
1932
1933
1934       val get_formatter_tag_functions : unit -> formatter_tag_functions
1935
1936       Deprecated.  Subsumed by Format.get_formatter_stag_functions .
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942OCamldoc                          2022-02-04                  Stdlib.Format(3)
Impressum