1JSON::Parse(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation JSON::Parse(3)
2
6 JSON::Parse - Parse JSON
7
9 use JSON::Parse 'parse_json';
10 my $json = '["golden", "fleece"]';
11 my $perl = parse_json ($json);
12 # Same effect as $perl = ['golden', 'fleece'];
13 Convert JSON into Perl.
15
17 This documents version 0.61 of JSON::Parse corresponding to git commit
18 033269fa8972fdce8626aa65cd11a5394ab50492
19 <https://github.com/benkasminbullock/JSON-
20 Parse/commit/033269fa8972fdce8626aa65cd11a5394ab50492> released on Thu
21 Feb 11 09:14:04 2021 +0900.
22
24 A module for parsing JSON. (JSON means "JavaScript Object Notation" and
25 it is specified in "RFC 8259".)
26 JSON::Parse offers the function "parse_json", which takes a string
28 containing JSON, and returns an equivalent Perl structure. It also
29 offers validation of JSON via "valid_json", which returns true or false
30 depending on whether the JSON is correct or not, and
31 "assert_valid_json", which produces a descriptive fatal error if the
32 JSON is invalid. A function "read_json" reads JSON from a file, and
33 there is a safer version of "parse_json" called "parse_json_safe" which
34 doesn't throw exceptions.
35 For special cases of parsing, there are also methods "new" and "parse",
37 which create a JSON parsing object and run it on text. See "METHODS".
38 JSON::Parse accepts only UTF-8 as input. See "UTF-8 only" and "Handling
40 of Unicode".
41
43 assert_valid_json
44 use JSON::Parse 'assert_valid_json';
45 eval {
46 assert_valid_json ('["xyz":"b"]');
47 };
48 if ($@) {
49 print "Your JSON was invalid: $@\n";
50 }
51 # Prints "Unexpected character ':' parsing array"
52 produces output
54 Your JSON was invalid: JSON error at line 1, byte 7/11: Unexpected character ':' parsing array starting from byte 1: expecting whitespace: 'n', '\r', '\t', ' ' or comma: ',' or end of array: ']' at /usr/home/ben/projects/json-parse/examples/assert.pl line 6.
56 (This example is included as assert.pl
58 <https://fastapi.metacpan.org/source/BKB/JSON-
59 Parse-0.61/examples/assert.pl> in the distribution.)
60 This is the underlying function for "valid_json". It runs at the same
62 speed, but it throws an error if the JSON is wrong, rather than
63 returning 1 or 0. See "DIAGNOSTICS" for the error format, which is
64 identical to "parse_json".
65 This cannot detect key collisions in the JSON since it does not store
67 values. See "Key collisions" for more on this module's handling of non-
68 unique names in the JSON.
69 The method equivalent to this is "check".
71 The behaviour of disallowing empty inputs was changed in version 0.49.
73 parse_json
75 use JSON::Parse 'parse_json';
76 my $perl = parse_json ('{"x":1, "y":2}');
77 This function converts JSON into a Perl structure, either an array
79 reference, a hash reference, or a scalar.
80 If the first argument does not contain a complete valid JSON text, is
82 the undefined value, an empty string, or a string containing only
83 whitespace "parse_json" throws a fatal error ("dies").
84 If the argument contains valid JSON, the return value is either a hash
86 reference, an array reference, or a scalar. If the input JSON text is a
87 serialized object, a hash reference is returned:
88 use JSON::Parse ':all';
90 my $perl = parse_json ('{"a":1, "b":2}');
91 print ref $perl, "\n";
92 produces output
94 HASH
96 (This example is included as hash.pl
98 <https://fastapi.metacpan.org/source/BKB/JSON-
99 Parse-0.61/examples/hash.pl> in the distribution.)
100 If the input JSON text is a serialized array, an array reference is
102 returned:
103 use JSON::Parse ':all';
105 my $perl = parse_json ('["a", "b", "c"]');
106 print ref $perl, "\n";
107 produces output
109 ARRAY
111 (This example is included as array.pl
113 <https://fastapi.metacpan.org/source/BKB/JSON-
114 Parse-0.61/examples/array.pl> in the distribution.)
115 Otherwise a Perl scalar is returned.
117 The behaviour of allowing a scalar was added in version 0.32 of this
119 module. This brings it into line with the new specification for JSON.
120 The behaviour of disallowing empty inputs was changed in version 0.49.
121 The function "parse_json_safe" offers a version of this function with
123 various safety features enabled. The method "parse" is equivalent to
124 this.
125 parse_json_safe
127 This is almost the same thing as "parse_json", but has the following
128 differences:
129 Does not throw exceptions
131 If the JSON is invalid, a warning is printed and the undefined
132 value is returned, as if calling "parse_json" like this:
133 eval {
135 $out = parse_json ($json);
136 };
137 if ($@) {
138 carp $@;
139 $out = undef;
140 }
141 Detects key collisions
143 This switches on "detect_collisions", so that if the JSON contains
144 non-unique names, a warning is printed and the undefined value is
145 returned. See "Key collisions" for an explanation of what a key
146 collision is.
147 Booleans are not read-only
149 This switches on "copy_literals" so that JSON true, false and null
150 values are copied. These values can be modified, but they will not
151 be converted back into "true" and "false" by JSON::Create.
152 Errors are reported by carp
154 Parsing errors are reported by "carp" in Carp, so the error line
155 number refers to the caller's line.
156 As the name implies, this is meant to be a "safety-first" version of
158 "parse_json".
159 ๐ฒ This function was added in version 0.38.
161 read_json
163 use JSON::Parse 'read_json';
164 my $p = read_json ('filename');
165 This is exactly the same as "parse_json" except that it reads the JSON
167 from the specified file rather than a scalar. The file must be in the
168 UTF-8 encoding, and is opened as a character file using
169 ":encoding(utf8)" (see PerlIO::encoding and perluniintro). The output
170 is marked as character strings.
171 The method equivalent is "read".
173 This is a convenience function written in Perl. You may prefer to read
175 the file yourself using another module if you need faster performance.
176 This was renamed from "json_file_to_perl" in version 0.59. The old name
178 will also continue to work indefinitely.
179 valid_json
181 use JSON::Parse 'valid_json';
182 if (valid_json ($json)) {
183 # do something
184 }
185 "valid_json" returns 1 if its argument is valid JSON and 0 if not. It
187 runs several times faster than "parse_json". This gain in speed is
188 obtained because it discards the input data after reading it, rather
189 than storing it into Perl variables.
190 This does not supply the actual errors which caused invalidity. Use
192 "assert_valid_json" to get error messages when the JSON is invalid.
193 This cannot detect duplicate keys in JSON objects because it does not
195 store values. See "Key collisions" for more on this module's handling
196 of non-unique names in the JSON.
197
199 If you need to parse JSON and you are not satisfied with the parsing
200 options offered by "parse_json" and "parse_json_safe", you can create a
201 JSON parsing object with "new" and set various options on the object,
202 then use it with "parse" or "read".
203 There are options to copy JSON literals ("true", "false", "null") with
205 "copy_literals", switch off fatal errors with "warn_only", detect
206 duplicate keys in objects with "detect_collisions", set the maximum
207 depth of nested objects and arrays with "set_max_depth", produce
208 machine-readable parsing errors with "diagnostics_hash", and set the
209 JSON literals to user defined values with the methods described under
210 "Methods for manipulating literals".
211 These methods only affect the object created with "new"; they do not
213 globally affect the behaviour of "parse_json" or "parse_json_safe".
214 check
216 eval {
217 $jp->check ($json);
218 };
219 This does the same thing as "assert_valid_json", except its behaviour
221 can be modified using the "diagnostics_hash" method.
222 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.48. This is for the benefit of
224 JSON::Repair.
225 copy_literals
227 $jp->copy_literals (1);
228 With a true value, copy JSON literal values ("null", "true", and
230 "false") into new Perl scalar values, and don't put read-only values
231 into the output.
232 With a false value, use read-only scalars:
234 $jp->copy_literals (0);
236 The "copy_literals (1)" behaviour is the behaviour of
238 "parse_json_safe". The "copy_literals (0)" behaviour is the behaviour
239 of "parse_json".
240 If the user also sets user-defined literals with "set_true",
242 "set_false" and "set_null", that takes precedence over this.
243 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.38.
245 detect_collisions
247 $jp->detect_collisions (1);
248 This switches on a check for hash key collisions (non-unique names in
250 JSON objects). If a collision is found, an error message "Name is not
251 unique" is printed, which also gives the non-unique name and the byte
252 position where the start of the colliding string was found:
253 use JSON::Parse;
255 my $jp = JSON::Parse->new ();
256 $jp->detect_collisions (1);
257 eval {
258 $jp->parse ('{"animals":{"cat":"moggy","cat":"feline","cat":"neko"}}');
259 };
260 print "$@\n" if $@;
261 produces output
263 JSON error at line 1, byte 28/55: Name is not unique: "cat" parsing object starting from byte 12 at /usr/home/ben/projects/json-parse/examples/../blib/lib/JSON/Parse.pm line 131.
265 (This example is included as collide.pl
267 <https://fastapi.metacpan.org/source/BKB/JSON-
268 Parse-0.61/examples/collide.pl> in the distribution.)
269 The "detect_collisions (1)" behaviour is the behaviour of
271 "parse_json_safe". The "detect_collisions (0)" behaviour is the
272 behaviour of "parse_json".
273 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.38.
275 diagnostics_hash
277 $jp->diagnostics_hash (1);
278 This changes diagnostics produced by errors from a simple string into a
280 hash reference containing various fields. This is incompatible with
281 "warn_only".
282 This replaces the previous experimental global variable
284 $json_diagnostics, which was removed from the module. The hash keys and
285 values are identical to those provided in the object returned by
286 $json_diagnostics, with the addition of a key "error as string" which
287 returns the usual error.
288 This requires Perl version 5.14 or later.
290 An example of the use of this method to "repair" broken JSON is in the
292 module "JSON::Repair".
293 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.46.
295 get_max_depth
297 my $max_depth = $jp->get_max_depth ();
298 This returns the maximum nesting depth of objects or arrays in the
300 input JSON. The default value is 10,000.
301 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.58.
303 new
305 my $jp = JSON::Parse->new ();
306 Create a new JSON::Parse object.
308 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.38.
310 parse
312 my $out = $jp->parse ($json);
313 This does the same thing as "parse_json", except its behaviour can be
315 modified using object methods.
316 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.38.
318 This was renamed from "run" in version 0.60.
320 read
322 my $json = $jp->read ($file);
323 Read a file, parse the contained JSON, and return the output. This
325 method is equivalent to the function "read_json".
326 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.60.
328 set_max_depth
330 $jp->set_max_depth (42);
331 Set the maximum nesting depth of objects or arrays in the input JSON.
333 The default value is 10,000.
334 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.58.
336 upgrade_utf8
338 $jp->upgrade_utf8 (1);
339 Upgrade input from bytes to characters automatically.
341 This can be switched off again using any false value:
343 $jp->upgrade_utf8 (0);
345 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.61.
347 warn_only
349 $jp->warn_only (1);
350 Warn, don't die, on error. Failed parsing returns the undefined value,
352 "undef", and prints a warning.
353 This can be switched off again using any false value:
355 $jp->warn_only ('');
357 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.41.
359 Methods for manipulating literals
361 These methods alter what is written into the Perl structure when the
362 parser sees a literal value, "true", "false" or "null" in the input
363 JSON.
364 This number of methods is needed because of the possibility that a user
366 wants to set the output for "false" to be "undef":
367 $jp->set_false (undef);
369 Thus, we cannot use a single function "$jp->false (undef)" to cover
371 both setting and deleting of values.
372 ๐ฒ This facility was added in version 0.38.
374 set_true
376 $jp->set_true ("Yes, that is so true");
378 Supply a scalar to be used in place of the JSON "true" literal.
380 This example puts the string "Yes, that is so true" into the hash or
382 array when we hit a "true" literal, rather than the default read-only
383 scalar:
384 use JSON::Parse;
386 my $json = '{"yes":true,"no":false}';
387 my $jp = JSON::Parse->new ();
388 $jp->set_true ('Yes, that is so true');
389 my $out = $jp->parse ($json);
390 print $out->{yes}, "\n";
391 prints
393 Yes, that is so true
395 To override the previous value, call it again with a new value. To
397 delete the value and revert to the default behaviour, use
398 "delete_true".
399 If you give this a value which is not "true", as in Perl will evaluate
401 it as a false in an if statement, it prints a warning "User-defined
402 value for JSON true evaluates as false". You can switch this warning
403 off with "no_warn_literals".
404 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.38.
406 delete_true
408 $jp->delete_true ();
410 Delete the user-defined true value. See "set_true".
412 This method is "safe" in that it has absolutely no effect if no user-
414 defined value is in place. It does not return a value.
415 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.38.
417 set_false
419 $jp->set_false (JSON::PP::Boolean::false);
421 Supply a scalar to be used in place of the JSON "false" literal.
423 In the above example, when we hit a "false" literal, we put
425 "JSON::PP::Boolean::false" in the output, similar to JSON::PP and other
426 CPAN modules like Mojo::JSON or JSON::XS.
427 To override the previous value, call it again with a new value. To
429 delete the value and revert to the default behaviour, use
430 "delete_false".
431 If you give this a value which is not "false", as in Perl will evaluate
433 it as a false in an if statement, it prints a warning "User-defined
434 value for JSON false evaluates as true". You can switch this warning
435 off with "no_warn_literals".
436 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.38.
438 delete_false
440 $jp->delete_false ();
442 Delete the user-defined false value. See "set_false".
444 This method is "safe" in that it has absolutely no effect if no user-
446 defined value is in place. It does not return a value.
447 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.38.
449 set_null
451 $jp->set_null (0);
453 Supply a scalar to be used in place of the JSON "null" literal.
455 To override the previous value, call it again with a new value. To
457 delete the value and revert to the default behaviour, use
458 "delete_null".
459 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.38.
461 delete_null
463 $jp->delete_null ();
465 Delete the user-defined null value. See "set_null".
467 This method is "safe" in that it has absolutely no effect if no user-
469 defined value is in place. It does not return a value.
470 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.38.
472 no_warn_literals
474 $jp->no_warn_literals (1);
476 Use a true value to switch off warnings about setting boolean values to
478 contradictory things. For example if you want to set the JSON "false"
479 literal to turn into the string "false",
480 $jp->no_warn_literals (1);
482 $jp->set_false ("false");
483 See also "Contradictory values for "true" and "false"".
485 This also switches off the warning "User-defined value overrules
487 copy_literals".
488 ๐ฒ This method was added in version 0.38.
490
492 The following alternative function names are accepted. These are the
493 names used for the functions in old versions of this module. These
494 names are not deprecated and will never be removed from the module.
495 The names ending in "_to_perl" seem quite silly in retrospect since
497 surely it is obvious that one is programming in Perl.
498 json_to_perl
500 This is exactly the same function as "parse_json".
501 json_file_to_perl
503 This is exactly the same function as "read_json". The function was
504 renamed in version 0.59, after the same function in
505 "File::JSON::Slurper".
506 run
508 This is the old name for "parse".
509 validate_json
511 This is exactly the same function as "assert_valid_json".
512
514 JSON elements are mapped to Perl as follows:
515 JSON numbers
517 JSON numbers become Perl numbers, either integers or double-precision
518 floating point numbers, or possibly strings containing the number if
519 parsing of a number by the usual methods fails somehow.
520 JSON does not allow leading zeros, like 0123, or leading plus signs,
522 like +100, in numbers, so these cause an "Unexpected character" error.
523 JSON also does not allow numbers of the form 1., but it does allow
524 things like 0e0 or 1E999999. As far as possible these are accepted by
525 JSON::Parse.
526 JSON strings
528 JSON strings become Perl strings. The JSON escape characters such as
529 "\t" for the tab character (see section 2.5 of "RFC 8259") are mapped
530 to the equivalent ASCII character.
531 Handling of Unicode
533 Inputs must be in the UTF-8 format. See "UTF-8 only".
535 In addition, JSON::Parse rejects UTF-8 which encodes non-characters
537 such as "U+FFFF" and ill-formed characters such as incomplete halves of
538 surrogate pairs.
539 Unicode encoding points in the input of the form "\u3000" are converted
541 into the equivalent UTF-8 bytes.
542 Surrogate pairs in the form "\uD834\uDD1E" are also handled. If the
544 second half of the surrogate pair is missing, an "Unexpected character"
545 or "Unexpected end of input" error is thrown. If the second half of the
546 surrogate pair is present but contains an impossible value, a "Not
547 surrogate pair" error is thrown.
548 If the input to "parse_json" is marked as Unicode characters, the
550 output strings will be marked as Unicode characters. If the input is
551 not marked as Unicode characters, the output strings will not be marked
552 as Unicode characters. Thus,
553 use JSON::Parse ':all';
555 # The scalar $sasori looks like Unicode to Perl
556 use utf8;
557 my $sasori = '["่ "]';
558 my $p = parse_json ($sasori);
559 print utf8::is_utf8 ($p->[0]);
560 # Prints 1.
561 but
563 use JSON::Parse ':all';
565 # The scalar $ebi does not look like Unicode to Perl
566 no utf8;
567 my $ebi = '["ๆตท่"]';
568 my $p = parse_json ($ebi);
569 print utf8::is_utf8 ($p->[0]);
570 # Prints nothing.
571 Escapes of the form \uXXXX (see page three of "RFC 8259") are mapped to
573 ASCII if XXXX is less than 0x80, or to UTF-8 if XXXX is greater than or
574 equal to 0x80.
575 Strings containing \uXXXX escapes greater than 0x80 are also upgraded
577 to character strings, regardless of whether the input is a character
578 string or a byte string, thus regardless of whether Perl thinks the
579 input string is Unicode, escapes like \u87f9 are converted into the
580 equivalent UTF-8 bytes and the particular string in which they occur is
581 marked as a character string:
582 use JSON::Parse ':all';
584 no utf8;
585 # ่น
586 my $kani = '["\u87f9"]';
587 my $p = parse_json ($kani);
588 print "It's marked as a character string" if utf8::is_utf8 ($p->[0]);
589 # Prints "It's marked as a character string" because it's upgraded
590 # regardless of the input string's flags.
591 This is modelled on the behaviour of Perl's "chr":
593 no utf8;
595 my $kani = '87f9';
596 print "hex is character string\n" if utf8::is_utf8 ($kani);
597 # prints nothing
598 $kani = chr (hex ($kani));
599 print "chr makes it a character string\n" if utf8::is_utf8 ($kani);
600 # prints "chr makes it a character string"
601 However, JSON::Parse also upgrades the remaining part of the string
603 into a character string, even when it's not marked as a character
604 string. For example,
605 use JSON::Parse ':all';
607 use Unicode::UTF8 'decode_utf8';
608 no utf8;
609 my $highbytes = "ใ";
610 my $not_utf8 = "$highbytes\\u3042";
611 my $test = "{\"a\":\"$not_utf8\"}";
612 my $out = parse_json ($test);
613 # JSON::Parse does something unusual here in promoting the first part
614 # of the string into UTF-8.
615 print "JSON::Parse gives this: ", $out->{a}, "\n";
616 # Perl cannot assume that $highbytes is in UTF-8, so it has to just
617 # turn the initial characters into garbage.
618 my $add_chr = $highbytes . chr (0x3042);
619 print "Perl's output is like this: ", $add_chr, "\n";
620 # In fact JSON::Parse's behaviour is equivalent to this:
621 my $equiv = decode_utf8 ($highbytes) . chr (0x3042);
622 print "JSON::Parse did something like this: ", $equiv, "\n";
623 # With character strings switched on, Perl and JSON::Parse do the same
624 # thing.
625 use utf8;
626 my $is_utf8 = "ใ";
627 my $test2 = "{\"a\":\"$is_utf8\\u3042\"}";
628 my $out2 = parse_json ($test2);
629 print "JSON::Parse: ", $out2->{a}, "\n";
630 my $add_chr2 = $is_utf8 . chr (0x3042);
631 print "Native Perl: ", $add_chr2, "\n";
632 produces output
634 JSON::Parse gives this: ใใ
636 Perl's output is like this: รฃยยใ
637 JSON::Parse did something like this: ใใ
638 JSON::Parse: ใใ
639 Native Perl: ใใ
640 (This example is included as unicode-details.pl
642 <https://fastapi.metacpan.org/source/BKB/JSON-
643 Parse-0.61/examples/unicode-details.pl> in the distribution.)
644 Although in general the above would be an unsafe practice, JSON::Parse
646 can do things this way because JSON is a text-only, Unicode-only
647 format. To ensure that invalid inputs are never upgraded, JSON::Parse
648 checks each input byte to make sure that it forms UTF-8. See also
649 "UTF-8 only". Doing things this way, rather than the way that Perl does
650 it, was one of the original motivations for writing this module.
651 JSON arrays
653 JSON arrays become Perl array references. The elements of the Perl
654 array are in the same order as they appear in the JSON.
655 Thus
657 my $p = parse_json ('["monday", "tuesday", "wednesday"]');
659 has the same result as a Perl declaration of the form
661 my $p = [ 'monday', 'tuesday', 'wednesday' ];
663 JSON objects
665 JSON objects become Perl hashes. The members of the JSON object become
666 key and value pairs in the Perl hash. The string part of each object
667 member becomes the key of the Perl hash. The value part of each member
668 is mapped to the value of the Perl hash.
669 Thus
671 my $j = <<EOF;
673 {"monday":["blue", "black"],
674 "tuesday":["grey", "heart attack"],
675 "friday":"Gotta get down on Friday"}
676 EOF
677 my $p = parse_json ($j);
679 has the same result as a Perl declaration of the form
681 my $p = {
683 monday => ['blue', 'black'],
684 tuesday => ['grey', 'heart attack'],
685 friday => 'Gotta get down on Friday',
686 };
687 Key collisions
689 A key collision is something like the following.
691 use JSON::Parse qw/parse_json parse_json_safe/;
693 my $j = '{"a":1, "a":2}';
694 my $p = parse_json ($j);
695 print "Ambiguous key 'a' is ", $p->{a}, "\n";
696 my $q = parse_json_safe ($j);
697 produces output
699 JSON::Parse::parse_json_safe: Name is not unique: "a" parsing object starting from byte 1 at /usr/home/ben/projects/json-parse/examples/key-collision.pl line 8.
701 Ambiguous key 'a' is 2
702 (This example is included as key-collision.pl
704 <https://fastapi.metacpan.org/source/BKB/JSON-Parse-0.61/examples/key-
705 collision.pl> in the distribution.)
706 Here the key "a" could be either 1 or 2. As seen in the example,
708 "parse_json" overwrites the first value with the second value.
709 "parse_json_safe" halts and prints a warning. If you use "new" you can
710 switch key collision on and off with the "detect_collisions" method.
711 The rationale for "parse_json" not to give warnings is that Perl
713 doesn't give information about collisions when storing into hash
714 values, and checking for collisions for every key will degrade
715 performance for the sake of an unlikely occurrence. The JSON
716 specification says "The names within an object SHOULD be unique." (see
717 "RFC 8259", page 5), although it's not a requirement.
718 For performance, "valid_json" and "assert_valid_json" do not store hash
720 keys, thus they cannot detect this variety of problem.
721 Literals
723 false
724 "parse_json" maps the JSON false literal to a readonly scalar which
726 evaluates to the empty string, or to zero in a numeric context. (This
727 behaviour changed from version 0.36 to 0.37. In versions up to 0.36,
728 the false literal was mapped to a readonly scalar which evaluated to 0
729 only.) "parse_json_safe" maps the JSON literal to a similar scalar
730 without the readonly constraints. If you use a parser created with
731 "new", you can choose either of these behaviours with "copy_literals",
732 or you can tell JSON::Parse to put your own value in place of falses
733 using the "set_false" method.
734 null
736 "parse_json" maps the JSON null literal to a readonly scalar
738 $JSON::Parse::null which evaluates to "undef". "parse_json_safe" maps
739 the JSON literal to the undefined value. If you use a parser created
740 with "new", you can choose either of these behaviours with
741 "copy_literals", or you can tell JSON::Parse to put your own value in
742 place of nulls using the "set_null" method.
743 true
745 "parse_json" maps the JSON true literal to a readonly scalar which
747 evaluates to 1. "parse_json_safe" maps the JSON literal to the value 1.
748 If you use a parser created with "new", you can choose either of these
749 behaviours with "copy_literals", or you can tell JSON::Parse to put
750 your own value in place of trues using the "set_true" method.
751 Round trips and compatibility
753 The Perl versions of literals produced by "parse_json" will be
755 converted back to JSON literals if you use "create_json" in
756 JSON::Create. However, JSON::Parse's literals are incompatible with the
757 other CPAN JSON modules. For compatibility with other CPAN modules,
758 create a JSON::Parse object with "new", and set JSON::Parse's literals
759 with "set_true", "set_false", and "set_null".
760 A round trip with JSON::Tiny
762 This example demonstrates round-trip compatibility using JSON::Tiny,
764 version 0.58:
765 use utf8;
767 use JSON::Tiny '0.58', qw(decode_json encode_json);
768 use JSON::Parse;
769 use JSON::Create;
770 my $cream = '{"clapton":true,"hendrix":false}';
771 my $jp = JSON::Parse->new ();
772 my $jc = JSON::Create->new (sort => 1);
773 print "First do a round-trip of our modules:\n\n";
775 print $jc->create ($jp->parse ($cream)), "\n\n";
776 print "Now do a round-trip of JSON::Tiny:\n\n";
778 print encode_json (decode_json ($cream)), "\n\n";
779 print "๐ฅด First, incompatible mode:\n\n";
781 print 'tiny(parse): ', encode_json ($jp->parse ($cream)), "\n";
782 print 'create(tiny): ', $jc->create (decode_json ($cream)), "\n\n";
783 # Set our parser to produce these things as literals:
785 $jp->set_true (JSON::Tiny::true);
786 $jp->set_false (JSON::Tiny::false);
787 print "๐ Compatibility with JSON::Parse:\n\n";
789 print 'tiny(parse):', encode_json ($jp->parse ($cream)), "\n\n";
790 $jc->bool ('JSON::Tiny::_Bool');
791 print "๐ Compatibility with JSON::Create:\n\n";
793 print 'create(tiny):', $jc->create (decode_json ($cream)), "\n\n";
794 print "๐ JSON::Parse and JSON::Create are still compatible too:\n\n";
796 print $jc->create ($jp->parse ($cream)), "\n";
797 produces output
799 First do a round-trip of our modules:
801 {"clapton":true,"hendrix":false}
803 Now do a round-trip of JSON::Tiny:
805 {"clapton":true,"hendrix":false}
807 ๐ฅด First, incompatible mode:
809 tiny(parse): {"clapton":1,"hendrix":""}
811 create(tiny): {"clapton":1,"hendrix":0}
812 ๐ Compatibility with JSON::Parse:
814 tiny(parse):{"clapton":true,"hendrix":false}
816 ๐ Compatibility with JSON::Create:
818 create(tiny):{"clapton":true,"hendrix":false}
820 ๐ JSON::Parse and JSON::Create are still compatible too:
822 {"clapton":true,"hendrix":false}
824 (This example is included as json-tiny-round-trip-demo.pl
826 <https://fastapi.metacpan.org/source/BKB/JSON-Parse-0.61/examples/json-
827 tiny-round-trip-demo.pl> in the distribution.)
828 Most of the other CPAN modules use similar methods to JSON::Tiny, so
830 the above example can easily be adapted. See also "Interoperability" in
831 JSON::Create for various examples.
832 Modifying the values
834 "parse_json" maps all the literals to read-only values. Because of
836 this, attempting to modifying the boolean values in the hash reference
837 returned by "parse_json" will cause "Modification of a read-only value
838 attempted" errors:
839 my $in = '{"hocus":true,"pocus":false,"focus":null}';
841 my $p = json_parse ($in);
842 $p->{hocus} = 99;
843 # "Modification of a read-only value attempted" error occurs
844 Since the hash values are read-only scalars, "$p->{hocus} = 99" is like
846 this:
847 undef = 99;
849 If you need to modify the returned hash reference, then delete the
851 value first:
852 my $in = '{"hocus":true,"pocus":false,"focus":null}';
854 my $p = json_parse ($in);
855 delete $p->{pocus};
856 $p->{pocus} = 99;
857 # OK
858 Similarly with array references, delete the value before altering:
860 my $in = '[true,false,null]';
862 my $q = json_parse ($in);
863 delete $q->[1];
864 $q->[1] = 'magic';
865 Note that the return values from parsing bare literals are not read-
867 only scalars, so
868 my $true = JSON::Parse::json_parse ('true');
870 $true = 99;
871 produces no error. This is because Perl copies the scalar.
873
875 This module imposes the following restrictions on its input.
876 JSON only
878 JSON::Parse is a strict parser. It only accepts input which exactly
879 meets the criteria of "RFC 8259". That means, for example,
880 JSON::Parse does not accept single quotes (') instead of double
881 quotes ("), or numbers with leading zeros, like 0123. JSON::Parse
882 does not accept control characters (0x00 - 0x1F) in strings,
883 missing commas between array or hash elements like "["a" "b"]", or
884 trailing commas like "["a","b","c",]". It also does not accept
885 trailing non-whitespace, like the second "]" in "["a"]]".
886 You may find "JSON::Repair" by the same authors as JSON::Parse
888 useful if you need to process JSON-like text with tolerance for
889 errors.
890 No incremental parsing
892 JSON::Parse does not parse incrementally. It only parses fully-
893 formed JSON strings which include all opening and closing brackets.
894 This is an inherent part of the design of the module. Incremental
895 parsing in the style of XML::Parser would require some kind of
896 callback structure to deal with the elements of the partially
897 digested structures, but JSON::Parse was never designed to do this;
898 it merely converts what it sees into a Perl structure. Claims to
899 offer incremental JSON parsing in other modules' documentation
900 should be diligently verified.
901 UTF-8 only
903 JSON::Parse only parses the UTF-8 format. If input is in a
904 different Unicode encoding than UTF-8, convert the input before
905 handing it to this module. For example, for the UTF-16 format,
906 use Encode 'decode';
908 my $input_utf8 = decode ('UTF-16', $input);
909 my $perl = parse_json ($input_utf8);
910 or, for a file, use ":encoding" (see PerlIO::encoding and
912 perluniintro):
913 open my $input, "<:encoding(UTF-16)", 'some-json-file';
915 JSON::Parse does not try to determine the nature of the octet
917 stream using BOM markers. A BOM marker in the input consists of
918 bytes 0xFE and 0xFF, both of which are invalid as UTF-8, and thus
919 will cause a fatal error.
920 This restriction to UTF-8 applies regardless of whether Perl thinks
922 that the input string is a character string or a byte string.
923 Non-UTF-8 input will cause an "Unexpected character" error.
924 The latest specification for JSON, "RFC 8259", specifies it to be a
926 UTF-8 only format.
927 JSON::Parse does not accept Unicode non-characters (U+FFFF, UFDDO,
929 etc.), UTF-8 representing surrogate pair code points, or bytes
930 outside the range of Unicode code points as UTF-8 bytes.
931
933 "valid_json" does not produce error messages. "parse_json" and
934 "assert_valid_json" die on encountering invalid input.
935 "parse_json_safe" uses "carp" in Carp to pass error messages as
936 warnings.
937 Error messages have the line number, and the byte number where
939 appropriate, of the input which caused the problem. The line number is
940 formed simply by counting the number of "\n" (linefeed, ASCII 0x0A)
941 characters in the whitespace part of the JSON.
942 In "parse_json" and "assert_valid_json", parsing errors are fatal, so
944 to continue after an error occurs, put the parsing into an "eval"
945 block:
946 my $p;
948 eval {
949 $p = parse_json ($j);
950 };
951 if ($@) {
952 # handle error
953 }
954 The following error messages are produced:
956 Unexpected character
958 An unexpected character (byte) was encountered in the input. For
959 example, when looking at the beginning of a string supposedly
960 containing JSON, if the module encounters a plus sign, it will give
961 an error like this:
962 assert_valid_json ('+');
964 gives output
966 JSON error at line 1, byte 1/1: Unexpected character '+' parsing initial state: expecting whitespace: 'n', '\r', '\t', ' ' or start of string: '"' or digit: '0-9' or minus: '-' or start of an array or object: '{', '[' or start of literal: 't', 'f', 'n'
968 The message always includes a list of what characters are allowed.
970 If there is some recognizable structure being parsed, the error
972 message will include its starting point in the form "starting from
973 byte n":
974 assert_valid_json ('{"this":"\a"}');
976 gives output
978 JSON error at line 1, byte 11/13: Unexpected character 'a' parsing string starting from byte 9: expecting escape: '', '/', '"', 'b', 'f', 'n', 'r', 't', 'u'
980 A feature of JSON is that parsing it requires only one byte to be
982 examined at a time. Thus almost all parsing problems can be handled
983 using the "Unexpected character" error type, including spelling
984 errors in literals:
985 assert_valid_json ('[true,folse]');
987 gives output
989 JSON error at line 1, byte 8/12: Unexpected character 'o' parsing literal starting from byte 7: expecting 'a'
991 and the missing second half of a surrogate pair:
993 assert_valid_json ('["\udc00? <-- should be a second half here"]');
995 gives output
997 JSON error at line 1, byte 9/44: Unexpected character '?' parsing unicode escape starting from byte 3: expecting '\'
999 All kinds of errors can occur parsing numbers, for example a
1001 missing fraction,
1002 assert_valid_json ('[1.e9]');
1004 gives output
1006 JSON error at line 1, byte 4/6: Unexpected character 'e' parsing number starting from byte 2: expecting digit: '0-9'
1008 and a leading zero,
1010 assert_valid_json ('[0123]');
1012 gives output
1014 JSON error at line 1, byte 3/6: Unexpected character '1' parsing number starting from byte 2: expecting whitespace: 'n', '\r', '\t', ' ' or comma: ',' or end of array: ']' or dot: '.' or exponential sign: 'e', 'E'
1016 The error message is this complicated because all of the following
1018 are valid here: whitespace: "[0 ]"; comma: "[0,1]", end of array:
1019 "[0]", dot: "[0.1]", or exponential: "[0e0]".
1020 These are all handled by this error. Thus the error messages are a
1022 little confusing as diagnostics.
1023 Versions of this module prior to 0.29 gave more informative
1025 messages like "leading zero in number". (The messages weren't
1026 documented.) The reason to change over to the single message was
1027 because it makes the parsing code simpler, and because the testing
1028 code described in "TESTING" makes use of the internals of this
1029 error to check that the error message produced actually do
1030 correspond to the invalid and valid bytes allowed by the parser, at
1031 the exact byte given.
1032 This is a bytewise error, thus for example if a miscoded UTF-8
1034 appears in the input, an error message saying what bytes would be
1035 valid at that point will be printed.
1036 no utf8;
1038 use JSON::Parse 'assert_valid_json';
1039 # Error in first byte:
1041 my $bad_utf8_1 = chr (hex ("81"));
1043 eval { assert_valid_json ("[\"$bad_utf8_1\"]"); };
1044 print "$@\n";
1045 # Error in third byte:
1047 my $bad_utf8_2 = chr (hex ('e2')) . chr (hex ('9C')) . 'b';
1049 eval { assert_valid_json ("[\"$bad_utf8_2\"]"); };
1050 print "$@\n";
1051 prints
1053 JSON error at line 1, byte 3/5: Unexpected character 0x81 parsing string starting from byte 2: expecting printable ASCII or first byte of UTF-8: '\x20-\x7f', '\xC2-\xF4' at examples/bad-utf8.pl line 10.
1055 JSON error at line 1, byte 5/7: Unexpected character 'b' parsing string starting from byte 2: expecting bytes in range 80-bf: '\x80-\xbf' at examples/bad-utf8.pl line 16.
1057 Unexpected end of input
1059 The end of the string was encountered before the end of whatever
1060 was being parsed was. For example, if a quote is missing from the
1061 end of the string, it will give an error like this:
1062 assert_valid_json ('{"first":"Suzuki","second":"Murakami","third":"Asada}');
1064 gives output
1066 JSON error at line 1: Unexpected end of input parsing string starting from byte 47
1068 Not surrogate pair
1070 While parsing a string, a surrogate pair was encountered. While
1071 trying to turn this into UTF-8, the second half of the surrogate
1072 pair turned out to be an invalid value.
1073 assert_valid_json ('["\uDC00\uABCD"]');
1075 gives output
1077 JSON error at line 1: Not surrogate pair parsing unicode escape starting from byte 11
1079 Empty input
1081 This error occurs for an input which is an empty (no length or
1082 whitespace only) or an undefined value.
1083 assert_valid_json ('');
1085 gives output
1087 JSON error: Empty input parsing initial state
1089 Prior to version 0.49, this error was produced by
1091 "assert_valid_json" only, but it is now also produced by
1092 "parse_json".
1093 Name is not unique
1095 This error occurs when parsing JSON when the user has chosen
1096 "detect_collisions". For example an input like
1097 my $p = JSON::Parse->new ();
1099 $p->detect_collisions (1);
1100 $p->run ('{"hocus":1,"pocus":2,"hocus":3}');
1101 gives output
1103 JSON error at line 1, byte 23/31: Name is not unique: "hocus" parsing object starting from byte 1 at blib/lib/JSON/Parse.pm line 131.
1105 where the JSON object has two keys with the same name, "hocus". The
1107 terminology "name is not unique" is from the JSON specification.
1108 Contradictory values for "true" and "false"
1110 User-defined value for JSON false evaluates as true
1111 This happens if you set JSON false to map to a true value:
1112 $jp->set_false (1);
1114 To switch off this warning, use "no_warn_literals".
1116 ๐ฒ This warning was added in version 0.38.
1118 User-defined value for JSON true evaluates as false
1120 This happens if you set JSON true to map to a false value:
1121 $jp->set_true (undef);
1123 To switch off this warning, use "no_warn_literals".
1125 ๐ฒ This warning was added in version 0.38.
1127 User-defined value overrules copy_literals
1129 This warning is given if you set up literals with
1130 "copy_literals" then you also set up your own true, false, or
1131 null values with "set_true", "set_false", or "set_null".
1132 ๐ฒ This warning was added in version 0.38.
1134
1136 On the author's computer, the module's speed of parsing is
1137 approximately the same as JSON::XS, with small variations depending on
1138 the type of input. For validation, "valid_json" is faster than any
1139 other module known to the author, and up to ten times faster than
1140 JSON::XS.
1141 Some special types of input, such as floating point numbers containing
1143 an exponential part, like "1e09", seem to be about two or three times
1144 faster to parse with this module than with JSON::XS. In JSON::Parse,
1145 parsing of exponentials is done by the system's "strtod" function, but
1146 JSON::XS contains its own parser for exponentials, so these results may
1147 be system-dependent.
1148 At the moment the main place JSON::XS wins over JSON::Parse is in
1150 strings containing escape characters, where JSON::XS is about 10%
1151 faster on the module author's computer and compiler. As of version
1152 0.33, despite some progress in improving JSON::Parse, I haven't been
1153 able to fully work out the reason behind the better speed.
1154 There is some benchmarking code in the github repository under the
1156 directory "benchmarks" for those wishing to test these claims. The
1157 script benchmarks/bench <https://github.com/benkasminbullock/JSON-
1158 Parse/033269fa8972fdce8626aa65cd11a5394ab50492/benchmarks/bench> is an
1159 adaptation of the similar script in the JSON::XS distribution. The
1160 script benchmarks/pub-bench.pl
1161 <https://github.com/benkasminbullock/JSON-
1162 Parse/033269fa8972fdce8626aa65cd11a5394ab50492/benchmarks/pub-bench.pl>
1163 runs the benchmarks and prints them out as POD.
1164 The following benchmark tests used version 0.58_01 of JSON::Parse,
1166 version 4.03 of "JSON::XS", and version 4.25 of "Cpanel::JSON::XS" on
1167 Perl version v5.32.0 compiled with Clang version FreeBSD clang version
1168 10.0.1 on FreeBSD 12.2. The files in the "benchmarks" directory of
1169 JSON::Parse. short.json and long.json are the benchmarks used by
1170 "JSON::XS".
1171 short.json
1173 Repetitions: 10 x 100 = 1000
1174 --------------+------------+------------+
1175 module | 1/min | min |
1176 --------------|------------|------------|
1177 Cpanel | 313007.761 | 0.0000319 |
1178 JP::valid | 838860.800 | 0.0000119 |
1179 JSON::Parse | 310689.185 | 0.0000322 |
1180 JSON::XS | 303935.072 | 0.0000329 |
1181 --------------+------------+------------+
1182 long.json
1184 Repetitions: 10 x 100 = 1000
1185 --------------+------------+------------+
1186 module | 1/min | min |
1187 --------------|------------|------------|
1188 Cpanel | 5611.860 | 0.0017819 |
1189 JP::valid | 13586.991 | 0.0007360 |
1190 JSON::Parse | 4924.048 | 0.0020308 |
1191 JSON::XS | 6406.452 | 0.0015609 |
1192 --------------+------------+------------+
1193 words-array.json
1195 Repetitions: 10 x 100 = 1000
1196 --------------+------------+------------+
1197 module | 1/min | min |
1198 --------------|------------|------------|
1199 Cpanel | 34749.826 | 0.0002878 |
1200 JP::valid | 270600.258 | 0.0000370 |
1201 JSON::Parse | 34017.064 | 0.0002940 |
1202 JSON::XS | 35726.610 | 0.0002799 |
1203 --------------+------------+------------+
1204 exp.json
1206 Repetitions: 10 x 100 = 1000
1207 --------------+------------+------------+
1208 module | 1/min | min |
1209 --------------|------------|------------|
1210 Cpanel | 46759.242 | 0.0002139 |
1211 JP::valid | 117817.528 | 0.0000849 |
1212 JSON::Parse | 46759.242 | 0.0002139 |
1213 JSON::XS | 19195.899 | 0.0005209 |
1214 --------------+------------+------------+
1215 literals.json
1217 Repetitions: 10 x 100 = 1000
1218 --------------+------------+------------+
1219 module | 1/min | min |
1220 --------------|------------|------------|
1221 Cpanel | 33026.016 | 0.0003028 |
1222 JP::valid | 384798.532 | 0.0000260 |
1223 JSON::Parse | 40840.351 | 0.0002449 |
1224 JSON::XS | 33689.189 | 0.0002968 |
1225 --------------+------------+------------+
1226 cpantesters.json
1228 Repetitions: 10 x 100 = 1000
1229 --------------+------------+------------+
1230 module | 1/min | min |
1231 --------------|------------|------------|
1232 Cpanel | 212.377 | 0.0470860 |
1233 JP::valid | 1309.043 | 0.0076392 |
1234 JSON::Parse | 207.491 | 0.0481949 |
1235 JSON::XS | 226.439 | 0.0441620 |
1236 --------------+------------+------------+
1237
1239 RFC 8259
1240 JSON is specified in RFC 8259 "The JavaScript Object Notation
1241 (JSON) Data Interchange Format"
1242 <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc8259.txt>.
1243 json.org
1245 <https://json.org> is the website for JSON, authored by Douglas
1246 Crockford.
1247 Other CPAN modules for parsing and producing JSON
1249 The โญ represents the number of votes this module has received on
1250 metacpan, on a logarithmic scale. Modules which we recommend are marked
1251 with ๐. Deprecated modules and modules which are definitely buggy (bug
1252 reports/pull requests ignored) and abandoned (no releases for several
1253 years) are marked with ๐ and/or ๐. Modules we can't work out are
1254 marked with ๐.
1255 Modules by the same author
1257 JSON::Create
1258 ๐ JSON::Create is a companion module to JSON::Parse by the
1259 same author.
1260 JSON::Repair
1262 JSON::Repair is an example module which demonstrates using
1263 JSON::Parse to apply some kinds of heuristics to repair
1264 "relaxed JSON" or otherwise broken JSON into compliant JSON.
1265 JSON::Server
1267 JSON::Server is a module which offers a JSON-only, UTF-8 only
1268 server using "JSON::Parse" and "JSON::Create".
1269 JSON::Tokenize
1271 JSON::Tokenize is part of the JSON::Parse distribution, a
1272 tokenizer which reduces a JSON string to tokens. This makes the
1273 JSON::Parse tokenizer available to people who want to write
1274 their own JSON parsers.
1275 JSON::Whitespace
1277 JSON::Whitespace is for manipulating the "insignificant
1278 whitespace" part of JSON.
1279 Reading and writing JSON
1281 Cpanel::JSON::XS
1282 [โญโญ Author: RURBAN <https://metacpan.org/author/RURBAN>;
1283 Date: "2020-10-28"; Version: 4.25]
1284 This is a fork of JSON::XS. Please see the module for details
1286 about the reasons for the fork.
1287 File::JSON::Slurper
1289 [โญ Author: NEILB <https://metacpan.org/author/NEILB>; Date:
1290 "2020-11-18"; Version: 1.00]
1291 Slurp a JSON file into a data structure, and the reverse. It
1293 relies on "JSON::MaybeXS".
1294 Glib::JSON
1296 [โญ Author: EBASSI <https://metacpan.org/author/EBASSI>; Date:
1297 "2015-04-19"; Version: 0.002]
1298 Uses the JSON library from Glib, a library of C functions for
1300 the Linux GNOME desktop project, so it is independent of the
1301 other CPAN modules. Judging from the fairly sparse
1302 documentation, it seems to be a module where you build the JSON
1303 on the fly rather than converting a Perl structure wholesale
1304 into JSON.
1305 JSON
1307 [โญโญ Author: ISHIGAKI <https://metacpan.org/author/ISHIGAKI>;
1308 Date: "2021-01-24"; Version: 4.03]
1309 This calls on either JSON::PP or JSON::XS.
1311 JSON::DWIW
1313 [Author: DOWENS <https://metacpan.org/author/DOWENS>; Date:
1314 "2010-09-29"; Version: 0.47]
1315 ๐๐ This module "Does What I Want", where "I" refers to the
1317 module's author. Development seems to have ceased in 2010,
1318 there is a long list of unfixed bugs, and some of the module's
1319 features seem to predate Unicode support in Perl. It is written
1320 in XS, and it claims to accept a wide variety of non-JSON
1321 formats such as comments, single-quoted strings, trailing
1322 commas, etc.
1323 JSON::PP
1325 [โญโญ Author: ISHIGAKI <https://metacpan.org/author/ISHIGAKI>;
1326 Date: "2021-01-23"; Version: 4.06]
1327 This is part of the Perl core, installed when you install Perl.
1329 "PP" stands for "Pure Perl", which means it is in Perl-only
1330 without the XS (C-based) parsing. This is slower but may be
1331 necessary if you cannot install modules requiring a C compiler.
1332 JSON::Slurper
1334 [โญ Author: SRCHULO <https://metacpan.org/author/SRCHULO>;
1335 Date: "2019-10-30"; Version: 0.12]
1336 Convenient file slurping and spurting of data using JSON. Uses
1338 "JSON::PP" or "Cpanel::JSON::XS" if available. The basic idea
1339 seems to be that it uses context to return arrays or hashes as
1340 required, and read and write files without extra stages of
1341 opening and closing the file.
1342 JSON::Syck
1344 [โญโญ Author: TODDR <https://metacpan.org/author/TODDR>; Date:
1345 "2020-10-26"; Version: 1.34]
1346 ๐๐ Takes advantage of a similarity between YAML (yet another
1348 markup language) and JSON to provide a JSON parser/producer
1349 using YAML::Syck.
1350 We have never tried this module, but it seems to be semi-
1352 deprecated (the ABSTRACT says "consider using JSON::XS
1353 instead!") and there are a lot of bug reports
1354 <https://github.com/toddr/YAML-Syck/issues> about things like
1355 failing to process equals signs. However, the maintainer is
1356 fixing some of the bugs and making new releases, so we're not
1357 really sure.
1358 JSON::Tiny
1360 [โญโญ Author: DAVIDO <https://metacpan.org/author/DAVIDO>;
1361 Date: "2017-11-12"; Version: 0.58]
1362 This is a fork of "Mojo::JSON".
1364 JSON::XS
1366 [โญโญโญ Author: MLEHMANN
1367 <https://metacpan.org/author/MLEHMANN>; Date: "2020-10-27";
1368 Version: 4.03]
1369 This is an all-purpose JSON module in XS, which means it
1371 requires a C compiler to install.
1372 JSON::YAJL
1374 [โญ Author: LBROCARD <https://metacpan.org/author/LBROCARD>;
1375 Date: "2011-08-05"; Version: 0.10]
1376 ๐๐ Wraps a C library called yajl. The module has been
1378 abandoned since ten years ago. Bug reports include serious
1379 errors, and pull requests have been ignored.
1380 Mojo::JSON
1382 [โญโญโญ Author: SRI <https://metacpan.org/author/SRI>; Date:
1383 "2021-01-17"; Version: 8.71]
1384 Part of the Mojolicious standalone web framework, "pure Perl"
1386 JSON reader/writer. As of version 8.70 of Mojolicious, this
1387 actually depends on "JSON::PP" but will load "Cpanel::JSON::XS"
1388 if it is available.
1389 Combination modules
1391 These modules rely on more than one back-end module to process JSON
1392 for you.
1393 JSON::Any
1395 [โญ Author: ETHER <https://metacpan.org/author/ETHER>; Date:
1396 "2015-06-10"; Version: 1.39]
1397 ๐ This now-deprecated module combines "JSON::DWIW", "JSON::XS"
1399 versions one and two, and "JSON::Syck".
1400 JSON::MaybeXS
1402 [โญโญ Author: ETHER <https://metacpan.org/author/ETHER>; Date:
1403 "2020-11-13"; Version: 1.004003]
1404 A module which combines "Cpanel::JSON::XS", "JSON::XS", and
1406 "JSON::PP". The original "JSON" combines "JSON::XS" and
1407 "JSON::PP", but this prioritizes "Cpanel::JSON::XS" over
1408 "JSON::XS".
1409 JSON::XS::VersionOneAndTwo
1411 [Author: LBROCARD <https://metacpan.org/author/LBROCARD>; Date:
1412 "2008-02-13"; Version: 0.31]
1413 ๐ A "combination module" which supports two different
1415 interfaces of "JSON::XS". However, JSON::XS is now onto version
1416 4.
1417 Mojo::JSON::MaybeXS
1419 [โญ Author: DBOOK <https://metacpan.org/author/DBOOK>; Date:
1420 "2019-08-07"; Version: 1.002]
1421 ๐ This pulls in "JSON::MaybeXS" instead of "Mojo::JSON" for
1423 Mojolicious users. It seems to have been rendered obsolete by
1424 modern versions of Mojolicious due to changes to make that
1425 depend on "Cpanel::JSON::XS" if available.
1426 Test-related modules
1428 Test2::Tools::JSON
1429 [Author: AKIYM <https://metacpan.org/author/AKIYM>; Date:
1430 "2019-08-07"; Version: 0.05]
1431 Test::Deep::JSON
1433 [โญ Author: MOTEMEN <https://metacpan.org/author/MOTEMEN>;
1434 Date: "2018-04-24"; Version: 0.05]
1435 Compare JSON with Test::Deep. As of version 0.05, it relies on
1437 "JSON::MaybeXS".
1438 Test::JSON
1440 [โญ Author: OVID <https://metacpan.org/author/OVID>; Date:
1441 "2009-08-09"; Version: 0.11]
1442 ๐ This offers a way to compare two different JSON strings to
1444 see if they refer to the same object. The most recent version,
1445 0.11, was released in 2009, and it relies on the deprecated
1446 "JSON::Any", which makes it essentially abandoned.
1447 Test::JSON::Entails
1449 [Author: VOJ <https://metacpan.org/author/VOJ>; Date:
1450 "2012-09-14"; Version: 0.2]
1451 ๐ Test whether one JSON or Perl structure entails/subsumes
1453 another. The most recent version is from 2012, and it relies on
1454 "JSON::Any", so it is probably abandoned. Also, oddly but not
1455 uniquely for CPAN modules with the name JSON in the title, it
1456 seems to not actually have that much to do with JSON, which is
1457 a data serialisation format, but actually be testing Perl
1458 hashes and arrays.
1459 Test::JSON::More
1461 [Author: BAYASHI <https://metacpan.org/author/BAYASHI>; Date:
1462 "2016-04-28"; Version: 0.02]
1463 JSON Test Utility. As of version 0.02, it relies on "JSON" but
1465 it is able to use "JSON::XS" instead, and so probably
1466 "Cpanel::JSON::XS" would be OK too. According to the
1467 documentation, it can test JSON for validity and compare JSON
1468 strings with keys in a different order, and presumably with
1469 different whitespace.
1470 Type-related modules
1472 These untangle numbers, strings, and booleans into JSON types.
1473 JSON::TypeInference
1475 [Author: AEREAL <https://metacpan.org/author/AEREAL>; Date:
1476 "2015-10-26"; Version: "v1.0.2"]
1477 ๐ Virtually undocumented, it's not clear what this does.
1479 JSON::Types
1481 [โญ Author: TYPESTER <https://metacpan.org/author/TYPESTER>;
1482 Date: "2012-10-17"; Version: 0.05]
1483 Change the type of a Perl variable so that it comes out as a
1485 number, a string, or a boolean in the output JSON.
1486 JSON::Types::Flexible
1488 [Author: PINE <https://metacpan.org/author/PINE>; Date:
1489 "2017-04-01"; Version: 0.03]
1490 The module is barely documented, but from looking at the test
1492 file <https://metacpan.org/source/PINE/JSON-Types-
1493 Flexible-0.03/t%2Fjson%2Ftypes%2Fflexible%2Fclass.t>, this
1494 seems to enable you to change the output type of a number or a
1495 string so that you can, for example, make the number 1 come out
1496 as either a number, 1, a string "1", or a boolean, "true", in
1497 the output JSON.
1498 JSON::Typist
1500 [โญ Author: RJBS <https://metacpan.org/author/RJBS>; Date:
1501 "2019-12-26"; Version: 0.006]
1502 "Replace mushy strings and numbers with rigidly typed
1504 replacements"
1505 Since Perl muddles strings and numbers, this enables you to
1507 work out whether your input JSON was "123" (a string) or 123 (a
1508 number).
1509 Special-purpose modules
1511 App::JSON::to
1512 [โญ Author: DOLMEN <https://metacpan.org/author/DOLMEN>; Date:
1513 "2015-03-04"; Version: 1.000]
1514 Convert JSON data to other formats. It reads your JSON file or
1516 input and converts it into either YAML or Perl native format
1517 using Data::Dumper.
1518 boolean
1520 [โญโญ Author: INGY <https://metacpan.org/author/INGY>; Date:
1521 "2016-07-08"; Version: 0.46]
1522 ๐ This module offers "true" and "false" literals in Perl, so
1524 you just have
1525 use boolean;
1527 my $something = true;
1528 This is very useful for dealing with JSON.
1530 Config::JSON
1532 [Author: RIZEN <https://metacpan.org/author/RIZEN>; Date:
1533 "2014-12-25"; Version: 1.5202]
1534 Configuration files in JSON, with hash comments also allowed.
1536 Devel::JSON
1538 [โญ Author: DOLMEN <https://metacpan.org/author/DOLMEN>; Date:
1539 "2017-09-03"; Version: 1.001]
1540 For one-liners.
1542 If you use this module from the command-line, the last
1544 value of your one-liner (-e) code will be serialized as
1545 JSON data.
1546 Inline::JSON
1548 [Author: KILNA <https://metacpan.org/author/KILNA>; Date:
1549 "2012-07-27"; Version: "v1.0.4"]
1550 "Embed JSON data structures directly into your Perl code".
1552 Relies on "JSON".
1553 JSON::Builder
1555 [Author: KNI <https://metacpan.org/author/KNI>; Date:
1556 "2015-04-16"; Version: 0.04]
1557 Create JSON under memory limitations.
1559 JSON::Color
1561 [โญ Author: PERLANCAR <https://metacpan.org/author/PERLANCAR>;
1562 Date: "2020-06-09"; Version: 0.130]
1563 ๐ This module generates JSON colorized with ANSI escape
1565 sequences.
1566 JSON_File
1568 [โญ Author: GETTY <https://metacpan.org/author/GETTY>; Date:
1569 "2014-09-11"; Version: 0.004]
1570 JSON::MultiValueOrdered
1572 [Author: TOBYINK <https://metacpan.org/author/TOBYINK>; Date:
1573 "2020-01-27"; Version: 0.006]
1574 "JSON::MultiValueOrdered" is a special-purpose module for
1576 parsing JSON objects which have key collisions (something like
1577 "{"a":1,"a":2}") within objects.
1578 (JSON::Parse's handling of key collisions is discussed in "Key
1580 collisions" in this document.)
1581 JSON::String
1583 [Author: BRUMMETT <https://metacpan.org/author/BRUMMETT>; Date:
1584 "2015-02-04"; Version: "v0.2.0"]
1585 Automatically change a JSON string when a data structure
1587 changes using tied scalars.
1588 Patch, path, pointer, schema, and transform modules
1590 JSON::Assert
1591 [Author: SGREEN <https://metacpan.org/author/SGREEN>; Date:
1592 "2017-07-07"; Version: 0.08]
1593 "Asserts JSONPaths into a JSON data structure for correct
1595 values/matches"
1596 JSON::GRDDL
1598 JSON::Hyper
1599 JSON::MergePatch
1600 [โญ Author: SOJIRO <https://metacpan.org/author/SOJIRO>; Date:
1601 "2016-02-24"; Version: 0.04]
1602 JSON::Patch
1604 [Author: MIXAS <https://metacpan.org/author/MIXAS>; Date:
1605 "2018-10-25"; Version: 0.04]
1606 ๐ We don't know what this does, or how it relates to JSON. The
1608 example in the synopsis section of the document doesn't show
1609 any JSON, it shows an example of altering nested hashes in
1610 Perl.
1611 JSON::Path
1613 [โญ Author: POPEFELIX <https://metacpan.org/author/POPEFELIX>;
1614 Date: "2018-05-05"; Version: 0.420]
1615 Search nested hashref/arrayref structures using JSONPath.
1617 JSON::Pointer
1619 [โญ Author: ZIGOROU <https://metacpan.org/author/ZIGOROU>;
1620 Date: "2015-08-13"; Version: 0.07]
1621 Extract parts of a JSON string.
1623 JSON::Schema::ToJSON
1625 "Generate example JSON structures from JSON Schema definitions"
1626 JSON::T
1628 [โญ Author: TOBYINK <https://metacpan.org/author/TOBYINK>;
1629 Date: "2014-09-28"; Version: 0.104]
1630 Transform JSON using JsonT
1632 JSON::Transform
1634 [โญ Author: ETJ <https://metacpan.org/author/ETJ>; Date:
1635 "2020-01-01"; Version: 0.03]
1636 JSON::Validator
1638 [โญโญ Author: JHTHORSEN
1639 <https://metacpan.org/author/JHTHORSEN>; Date: "2021-01-24";
1640 Version: 4.12]
1641 "Validate data against a JSON schema" - you can decide what the
1643 JSON is supposed to contain.
1644 JSON extensions
1646 These modules extend JSON with comments and other things.
1647 JSON::Diffable
1649 [โญ Author: PHAYLON <https://metacpan.org/author/PHAYLON>;
1650 Date: "2014-12-10"; Version: 0.000002]
1651 "A relaxed and easy diffable JSON variant"
1653 JSON::Relaxed
1655 [Author: MIKO <https://metacpan.org/author/MIKO>; Date:
1656 "2016-04-30"; Version: 0.05]
1657 "An extension of JSON that allows for better human-
1659 readability".
1660 JSONY
1662 [โญ Author: INGY <https://metacpan.org/author/INGY>; Date:
1663 "2020-04-27"; Version: "v0.1.21"]
1664 "Relaxed JSON with a little bit of YAML"
1666 Web interactions via JSON
1668 Crypt::JWT
1669 [โญโญ Author: MIK <https://metacpan.org/author/MIK>; Date:
1670 "2021-01-10"; Version: 0.031]
1671 Module covers JSON Web Tokens, JSON Web Signature, and JSON Web
1673 Encryption.
1674 JSON::API
1676 [โญ Author: GFRANKS <https://metacpan.org/author/GFRANKS>;
1677 Date: "2019-07-01"; Version: "v1.1.1"]
1678 Combines LWP::UserAgent and JSON to make a unified module to
1680 communicate with a web server via JSON.
1681 LWP::JSON::Tiny
1683 [โญ Author: SKINGTON <https://metacpan.org/author/SKINGTON>;
1684 Date: "2018-05-11"; Version: 0.014]
1685 WWW::JSON
1687 [โญ Author: ANTIPASTA <https://metacpan.org/author/ANTIPASTA>;
1688 Date: "2015-05-27"; Version: 1.02]
1689 "Make working with JSON Web API's as painless as possible"
1691 Extension modules
1693 These modules extend the existing modules with some extra bits.
1694 JSON::XS::Sugar
1696 [Author: MAXMIND <https://metacpan.org/author/MAXMIND>; Date:
1697 "2015-04-01"; Version: 1.01]
1698 Provides booleans and number/string forcing for "JSON::XS".
1700 Silki::JSON
1702 [โญ Author: DROLSKY <https://metacpan.org/author/DROLSKY>;
1703 Date: "2011-09-19"; Version: 0.29]
1704 Switches on formatting and strict utf8 in a "JSON::XS" object.
1706 Demonstration modules
1708 These modules provide a JSON parser as a demonstration of another
1709 technology.
1710 JSON::Decode::Marpa
1712 [Author: PERLANCAR <https://metacpan.org/author/PERLANCAR>;
1713 Date: "2014-08-27"; Version: 0.02]
1714 JSON::Decode::Regexp
1716 [Author: PERLANCAR <https://metacpan.org/author/PERLANCAR>;
1717 Date: "2018-03-25"; Version: 0.101]
1718 ๐๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ JSON parser as a single Perl Regex, originally by
1720 Randal Schwartz. This may be ingenious, but it's not remotely a
1721 useful JSON parser. For example, looking at the string part, it
1722 provides no Unicode validation, no support for Unicode escapes
1723 <https://metacpan.org/release/JSON-Decode-
1724 Regexp/source/lib/JSON/Decode/Regexp.pm#L141> and it allows
1725 invalid escapes such as "\xFF"
1726 <https://metacpan.org/release/JSON-Decode-
1727 Regexp/source/lib/JSON/Decode/Regexp.pm#L137>.
1728 MarpaX::Demo::JSONParser
1730 [Author: RSAVAGE <https://metacpan.org/author/RSAVAGE>; Date:
1731 "2019-06-18"; Version: 1.08]
1732 Pegex::JSON
1734 [Author: INGY <https://metacpan.org/author/INGY>; Date:
1735 "2020-01-22"; Version: 0.31]
1736 ๐ Based on Pegex. See our bug report
1738 <https://github.com/pegex-parser/pegex-json-pm/issues/3>.
1739 Other modules
1741 Modules which are parts of bigger distributions have not been
1742 included here except by accident.
1743 App::JSON::Tools
1745 [Author: KABLAMO <https://metacpan.org/author/KABLAMO>; Date:
1746 "2016-08-05"; Version: 0.01]
1747 Undocumented command-line tools for JSON.
1749 App::JSONPretty
1751 [โญ Author: MSTROUT <https://metacpan.org/author/MSTROUT>;
1752 Date: "2011-02-02"; Version: 1]
1753 ๐๐ JSON prettification script. For whatever reason the script
1755 encapsulates the entirety of an old version of the "JSON"
1756 module dating from before "JSON::PP" was included in the Perl
1757 core.
1758 If you need this kind of script, there is something called
1760 json_xs which comes with "JSON::XS", or equivalently
1761 cpanel_json_xs in the forked module "Cpanel::JSON::XS".
1762 ARGV::JSON
1764 [โญ Author: MOTEMEN <https://metacpan.org/author/MOTEMEN>;
1765 Date: "2013-12-18"; Version: 0.01]
1766 Jasonify
1768 [Author: BOBK <https://metacpan.org/author/BOBK>; Date:
1769 "2020-03-04"; Version: "v0.20.064"]
1770 JS::JSON
1772 [Author: INGY <https://metacpan.org/author/INGY>; Date:
1773 "2008-08-30"; Version: 0.02]
1774 ๐ This is JavaScript code which was uploaded to CPAN. The
1776 original JavaScript is now obsolete since the thing it codes is
1777 included in all modern web browsers.
1778 JSON::Eval
1780 [Author: TOBYINK <https://metacpan.org/author/TOBYINK>; Date:
1781 "2019-10-27"; Version: 0.002]
1782 Eval Perl code found in JSON. This module enables one to encode
1784 and decode Perl scalar references and code references to JSON.
1785 JSON::ize
1787 [โญ Author: MAJENSEN <https://metacpan.org/author/MAJENSEN>;
1788 Date: "2019-07-13"; Version: 0.202]
1789 Something about one-liners.
1791 JSON::JSend
1793 [Author: HOEKIT <https://metacpan.org/author/HOEKIT>; Date:
1794 "2016-04-23"; Version: 0.02]
1795 JSON::Lines
1797 [โญ Author: LNATION <https://metacpan.org/author/LNATION>;
1798 Date: "2020-10-25"; Version: 0.03]
1799 "JSON Lines is a convenient format for storing structured data
1801 that may be processed one record at a time."
1802 JSON::Meth
1804 [โญ Author: ZOFFIX <https://metacpan.org/author/ZOFFIX>; Date:
1805 "2015-11-28"; Version: 1.001007]
1806 ๐ Claims to be "no nonsense JSON encoding/decoding as method
1808 calls on data". From the documentation:
1809 Don't make me think and give me what I want! This module
1811 automatically figures out whether you want to encode a Perl
1812 data structure to JSON or decode a JSON string to a Perl
1813 data structure.
1814 JSON::ON
1816 [Author: EWILHELM <https://metacpan.org/author/EWILHELM>; Date:
1817 "2013-06-26"; Version: "v0.0.3"]
1818 JavaScript object notation object notator.
1820 JSON::SL
1822 [โญ Author: MNUNBERG <https://metacpan.org/author/MNUNBERG>;
1823 Date: "2017-11-10"; Version: "v1.0.7"]
1824 JSON::Streaming::Reader
1826 [โญ Author: MART <https://metacpan.org/author/MART>; Date:
1827 "2012-11-24"; Version: 0.06]
1828 JSON::Streaming::Writer
1830 [Author: MART <https://metacpan.org/author/MART>; Date:
1831 "2012-11-24"; Version: 0.03]
1832 JSON::Util
1834 [Author: JKUTEJ <https://metacpan.org/author/JKUTEJ>; Date:
1835 "2015-09-03"; Version: 0.06]
1836 Relies on JSON::MaybeXS and the author's other module IO::Any,
1838 so that you can put either a file name or a JSON string as the
1839 argument and it tries to work out which one you have given it.
1840 That is ingenious, but it seems that if you are a programmer
1841 who cannot distinguish whether your input string is a file name
1842 or JSON, you have a very serious problem.
1843 JSON::XS::ByteString
1845 [โญ Author: CINDY <https://metacpan.org/author/CINDY>; Date:
1846 "2020-04-18"; Version: 1.004]
1847 ๐ The README <https://metacpan.org/source/CINDY/JSON-XS-
1849 ByteString-1.004/README> claims it is a "thin wrapper around
1850 JSON::XS", but it contains a complete implementation of JSON
1851 <https://metacpan.org/source/CINDY/JSON-XS-
1852 ByteString-1.004/ByteString.xs>, which seems to have partly
1853 been copy-pasted from the JSON::XS source code, but internally
1854 it doesn't make any reference to JSON::XS. The licence and
1855 copyright statement don't mention JSON::XS's original author at
1856 all so we're not sure if this is a fork, a wrapper, or a
1857 reimplementation.
1858 We haven't tried downloading this or installing it, but
1860 according to the documentation, this module encodes numbers
1861 with quotes around them, so "{this => 2}" turns into
1862 "{"this":"2"}".
1863 JSON_minify
1865 [Author: RCOSCALI <https://metacpan.org/author/RCOSCALI>; Date:
1866 "2021-01-24"; Version: 1.1]
1867 Text::JSON::Nibble
1869 [Author: DAEMON <https://metacpan.org/author/DAEMON>; Date:
1870 "2017-05-02"; Version: 1.01]
1871 Nibble complete JSON objects from buffers.
1873 This seems to be for extracting JSON from the midst of noise.
1875
1877 A script "validjson" is supplied with the module. This runs
1878 "assert_valid_json" on its inputs, so run it like this.
1879 validjson *.json
1881 The default behaviour is to just do nothing if the input is valid. For
1883 invalid input it prints what the problem is:
1884 validjson ids.go
1886 ids.go: JSON error at line 1, byte 1/7588: Unexpected character '/' parsing initial state: expecting whitespace: '\n', '\r', '\t', ' ' or start of string: '"' or digit: '0-9' or minus: '-' or start of an array or object: '{', '[' or start of literal: 't', 'f', 'n'.
1887 If you need confirmation, use its --verbose option:
1889 validjson -v *.json
1891 atoms.json is valid JSON.
1893 ids.json is valid JSON.
1894 kanjidic.json is valid JSON.
1895 linedecomps.json is valid JSON.
1896 radkfile-radicals.json is valid JSON.
1897
1899 Carp
1900
1902 The module exports nothing by default. Functions "parse_json",
1903 "parse_json_safe", "read_json", "valid_json" and "assert_valid_json",
1904 as well as the old function names "validate_json", "json_file_to_perl",
1905 and "json_to_perl", can be exported on request.
1906 All of the functions can be exported using the tag ':all':
1908 use JSON::Parse ':all';
1910
1912 Internal testing code
1913 The module incorporates extensive testing related to the production of
1914 error messages and validation of input. Some of the testing code is
1915 supplied with the module in the /t/ subdirectory of the distribution.
1916 More extensive testing code is in the git repository. This is not
1918 supplied in the CPAN distribution. A script, randomjson.pl
1919 <https://github.com/benkasminbullock/JSON-
1920 Parse/033269fa8972fdce8626aa65cd11a5394ab50492/randomjson.pl>,
1921 generates a set number of bytes of random JSON and checks that the
1922 module's bytewise validation of input is correct. It does this by
1923 taking a valid fragment, then adding each possible byte from 0 to 255
1924 to see whether the module correctly identifies it as valid or invalid
1925 at that point, then randomly picking one of the valid bytes and adding
1926 it to the fragment and continuing the process until a complete valid
1927 JSON input is formed. The module has undergone about a billion
1928 repetitions of this test.
1929 This setup relies on a C file, json-random-test.c
1931 <https://github.com/benkasminbullock/JSON-
1932 Parse/033269fa8972fdce8626aa65cd11a5394ab50492/json-random-test.c>,
1933 which isn't in the CPAN distribution, and it also requires Json3.xs
1934 <https://github.com/benkasminbullock/JSON-
1935 Parse/033269fa8972fdce8626aa65cd11a5394ab50492/Json3.xs> to be edited
1936 to make the macro "TESTRANDOM" true (uncomment line 7 of the file). The
1937 testing code uses C setjmp/longjmp, so it's not guaranteed to work on
1938 all operating systems and is commented out for CPAN releases.
1939 A pure C version called random-test.c
1941 <https://github.com/benkasminbullock/JSON-
1942 Parse/033269fa8972fdce8626aa65cd11a5394ab50492/random-test.c> also
1943 exists. This applies exactly the same tests, and requires no Perl at
1944 all.
1945 If you're interested in testing your own JSON parser, the outputs
1947 generated by randomjson.pl <https://github.com/benkasminbullock/JSON-
1948 Parse/033269fa8972fdce8626aa65cd11a5394ab50492/randomjson.pl> are quite
1949 a good place to start. The default is to produce UTF-8 output, which
1950 looks pretty horrible since it tends to produce long strings of UTF-8
1951 garbage. (This is because it chooses randomly from 256 bytes and the
1952 end-of-string marker """ has only a 1/256 chance of being chosen, so
1953 the strings tend to get long and messy). You can mess with the
1954 internals of JSON::Parse by setting MAXBYTE in json-common.c to 0x80,
1955 recompiling (you can ignore the compiler warnings), and running
1956 randomjson.pl again to get just ASCII random JSON things. This breaks
1957 the UTF-8 functionality of JSON::Parse, so please don't install that
1958 version.
1959 JSON Parsing Test Suite
1961 JSON::Parse version 0.58 passes most of the JSON Parsing Test Suite,
1962 with the exception that JSON::Parse rejects various erroneous UTF-8
1963 inputs, for example JSON::Parse will throw an error for non-character
1964 code points like Unicode U+FFFF and U+10FFFF. This parser only accepts
1965 valid UTF-8 as input. See "UTF-8 only".
1966 In our opinion it would be a disservice to users of this module to
1968 allow bytes containing useless fragments such as incomplete parts of
1969 surrogate pairs, or invalid characters, just because the JSON
1970 specification doesn't actually explicitly demand rejecting these kinds
1971 of garbage inputs. Please see the function "daft_test" in the file
1972 xt/JPXT.pm for exactly which of these elements of the test suite we do
1973 not comply with. We note that this comment from Douglas Crockford, the
1974 inventor of JSON, JSON parser
1975 <https://github.com/douglascrockford/JSON-
1976 c/blob/master/utf8_decode.c#L38-L43>, dated 2005, agrees with our
1977 opinion on this point.
1978 JSON::Parse version 0.58 also introduced "get_max_depth" and
1980 "set_max_depth" to prevent the stack overflow errors caused by some
1981 very deeply nested inputs such as those of the JSON Parsing Test Suite.
1982
1984 Toby Inkster (TOBYINK) suggested some of the new function names which
1985 replaced the "OLD INTERFACE" names. Nicolas Immelman and Shlomi Fish
1986 (SHLOMIF) reported memory leaks which were fixed in 0.32 and 0.40.
1987 Github user kolmogorov42 reported a bug which led to 0.42. Github user
1988 SteveGlassman found an error in string copying for long strings, fixed
1989 in 0.57. Lars Dษชแดแดแดแดแดก (DAXIM) pointed out problems with the JSON
1990 Parsing Test Suite which led to the addition of stack protection and
1991 "set_max_depth" and "get_max_depth" in 0.58.
1992
1994 Ben Bullock, <bkb@cpan.org>
1995
1997 This package and associated files are copyright (C) 2013-2021 Ben
1998 Bullock.
1999 You can use, copy, modify and redistribute this package and associated
2001 files under the Perl Artistic Licence or the GNU General Public
2002 Licence.
2003perl v5.34.0 2022-01-21 JSON::Parse(3)