Lingua::Translit(3pm)

1Lingua::Translit(3)   User Contributed Perl Documentation  Lingua::Translit(3)
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NAME

6       Lingua::Translit - transliterates text between writing systems
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SYNOPSIS

9         use Lingua::Translit;
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11         my $tr = new Lingua::Translit("ISO 843");
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13         my $text_tr = $tr->translit("character oriented string");
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15         if ($tr->can_reverse()) {
16           $text_tr = $tr->translit_reverse("character oriented string");
17         }
18

DESCRIPTION

20       Lingua::Translit can be used to convert text from one writing system to
21       another, based on national or international transliteration tables.
22       Where possible a reverse transliteration is supported.
23
24       The term "transliteration" describes the conversion of text from one
25       writing system or alphabet to another one.  The conversion is ideally
26       unique, mapping one character to exactly one character, so the original
27       spelling can be reconstructed.  Practically this is not always the case
28       and one single letter of the original alphabet can be transcribed as
29       two, three or even more letters.
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31       Furthermore there is more than one transliteration scheme for one
32       writing system.  Therefore it is an important and necessary
33       information, which scheme will be or has been used to transliterate a
34       text, to work integrative and be able to reconstruct the original data.
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36       Reconstruction is a problem though for non-unique transliterations, if
37       no language specific knowledge is available as the resulting clusters
38       of letters may be ambiguous.  For example, the Greek character "PSI"
39       maps to "ps", but "ps" could also result from the sequence "PI",
40       "SIGMA" since "PI" maps to "p" and "SIGMA" maps to s.  If a
41       transliteration table leads to ambiguous conversions, the provided
42       table cannot be used reverse.
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44       Otherwise the table can be used in both directions, if appreciated.  So
45       if ISO 9 is originally created to convert Cyrillic letters to the Latin
46       alphabet, the reverse transliteration will transform Latin letters to
47       Cyrillic.
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METHODS

50   new("name of table")
51       Initializes an object with the specific transliteration table, e.g.
52       "ISO 9".
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54   translit("character oriented string")
55       Transliterates the given text according to the object's transliteration
56       table.  Returns the transliterated text.
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58   translit_reverse("character oriented string")
59       Transliterates the given text according to the object's transliteration
60       table, but uses it the other way round. For example table ISO 9 is a
61       transliteration scheme for the conversion of Cyrillic letters to the
62       Latin alphabet. So if used reverse, Latin letters will be mapped to
63       Cyrillic ones.
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65       Returns the transliterated text.
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67   can_reverse()
68       Returns true (1), iff reverse transliteration is possible.  False (0)
69       otherwise.
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71   name()
72       Returns the name of the chosen transliteration table, e.g. "ISO 9".
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74   desc()
75       Returns a description for the transliteration, e.g. "ISO 9:1995,
76       Cyrillic to Latin".
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SUPPORTED TRANSLITERATIONS

79       Cyrillic
80           ALA-LC RUS, not reversible, ALA-LC:1997, Cyrillic to Latin, Russian
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82           ISO 9, reversible, ISO 9:1995, Cyrillic to Latin
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84           ISO/R 9, reversible, ISO 9:1954, Cyrillic to Latin
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86           DIN 1460 RUS, reversible, DIN 1460:1982, Cyrillic to Latin, Russian
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88           DIN 1460 UKR, reversible, DIN 1460:1982, Cyrillic to Latin,
89           Ukrainian
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91           DIN 1460 BUL, reversible, DIN 1460:1982, Cyrillic to Latin,
92           Bulgarian
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94           Streamlined System BUL, not reversible, The Streamlined System:
95           2006, Cyrillic to Latin, Bulgarian
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97           GOST 7.79 RUS, reversible, GOST 7.79:2000 (table B), Cyrillic to
98           Latin, Russian
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100           GOST 7.79 RUS OLD, not reversible, GOST 7.79:2000 (table B),
101           Cyrillic to Latin with support for Old Russian (pre 1918), Russian
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103           GOST 7.79 UKR, reversible, GOST 7.79:2000 (table B), Cyrillic to
104           Latin, Ukrainian
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106           BGN/PCGN RUS Standard, not reversible, BGN/PCGN:1947 (Standard
107           Variant), Cyrillic to Latin, Russian
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109           BGN/PCGN RUS Strict, not reversible, BGN/PCGN:1947 (Strict
110           Variant), Cyrillic to Latin, Russian
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112       Greek
113           ISO 843, not reversible, ISO 843:1997, Greek to Latin
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115           DIN 31634, not reversible, DIN 31634:1982, Greek to Latin
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117           Greeklish, not reversible, Greeklish (Phonetic), Greek to Latin
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119       Latin
120           Common CES, not reversible, Czech without diacritics
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122           Common DEU, not reversible, German without umlauts
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124           Common POL, not reversible, Unaccented Polish
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126           Common RON, not reversible, Romanian without diacritics as commonly
127           used
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129           Common SLK, not reversible, Slovak without diacritics
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131           Common SLV, not reversible, Slovenian without diacritics
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133           ISO 8859-16 RON, reversible, Romanian with appropriate diacritics
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135       Arabic
136           Common ARA, not reversible, Common Romanization of Arabic
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138       Sanskrit
139           IAST Devanagari, not reversible, IAST Romanization to Devanāgarī
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141           Devanagari IAST, not reversible, Devanāgarī to IAST Romanization
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ADDING NEW TRANSLITERATIONS

144       In case you want to add your own transliteration tables to
145       Lingua::Translit, have a look at the developer documentation at
146       <https://www.netzum-sorglos.de/software/lingua-translit/developer-documentation.html>.
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148       A template of a transliteration table is provided as well
149       (xml/template.xml) so you can easily start developing.
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RESTRICTIONS

152       Lingua::Translit is suited to handle Unicode and utilizes comparisons
153       and regular expressions that rely on code points.  Therefore, any input
154       is supposed to be character oriented ("use utf8;", ...) instead of byte
155       oriented.
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157       However, if your data is byte oriented, be sure to pass it UTF-8
158       encoded to translit() and/or translit_reverse() - it will be converted
159       internally.
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BUGS

162       None known.
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164       Please report bugs using CPAN's request tracker at
165       <https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Lingua-Translit>.
166

CREDITS

175       Thanks to Dr. Daniel Eiwen, Romanisches Seminar, Universitaet Koeln for
176       his help on Romanian transliteration.
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178       Thanks to Dmitry Smal and Rusar Publishing for contributing the "ALA-LC
179       RUS" transliteration table.
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181       Thanks to Ahmed Elsheshtawy for his help implementing the "Common ARA"
182       Arabic transliteration.
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184       Thanks to Dusan Vuckovic for contributing the "ISO/R 9" transliteration
185       table.
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187       Thanks to Ștefan Suciu for contributing the "ISO 8859-16 RON"
188       transliteration table.
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190       Thanks to Philip Kime for contributing the "IAST Devanagari" and
191       "Devanagari IAST" transliteration tables.
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193       Thanks to Nikola Lečić for contributing the "BGN/PCGN RUS Standard" and
194       "BGN/PCGN RUS Strict" transliteration tables.
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AUTHORS

197       Alex Linke <alinke@netzum-sorglos.de>
198
199       Rona Linke <rlinke@netzum-sorglos.de>
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LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

202       Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Alex Linke and Rona Linke
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204       Copyright (C) 2009-2016 Lingua-Systems Software GmbH
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206       Copyright (C) 2016-2017 Netzum Sorglos, Lingua-Systems Software GmbH
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208       Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Netzum Sorglos Software GmbH
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210       This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
211       under the same terms as Perl itself.
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215perl v5.34.1                      2022-06-16               Lingua::Translit(3)