1BIBER(1)              User Contributed Perl Documentation             BIBER(1)
2
3
4

NAME

6       "biber" - A bibtex replacement for users of biblatex
7

SYNOPSIS

9         biber [options] file[.bcf]
10         biber [options] --tool <datasource>
11
12         Creates "file.bbl" using control file "file.bcf" (".bcf" extension is
13         optional). Normally use with biblatex requires no options as they are
14         all set in biblatex and passed via the ".bcf" file
15
16         In "tool" mode (see B<--tool> option), takes a datasource (defaults to
17         "bibtex" datasource) and outputs a copy of the datasource with any command-line
18         or config file options applied.
19
20         Please run "biber --help" for option details
21

DESCRIPTION

23       "biber" provides a replacement of the bibtex processor for users of
24       biblatex.
25

OPTIONS

27       --annotation-marker=[marker]
28           Sets the suffix which can be appended to a BibTeX data source field
29           name to indicate that the value of the field is a data annotation.
30           The default is "+an".
31
32       --cache
33           If running as a PAR::Packer binary, show the cache location and
34           exit.
35
36       --clrmacros
37           Clears any BibTeX macros (@STRING) between BibLaTeX refsections.
38           This prevents BibTeX warnings about macro redefinitions if you are
39           using the same datasource several times for different refsections.
40
41       --collate-options|-c [options]
42           Options to pass to the "Unicode::Collate" object used for sorting
43           (default is 'level => "4", variable => "non-ignorable"').  See
44           "perldoc Unicode::Collate" for details.
45
46       --configfile|-g [file]
47           Use file as the configuration file for "biber" instead of looking
48           in the default locations which are, in order:
49
50           * "biber.conf" or ".biber.conf" in the current directory
51
52           * "$HOME/.biber.conf"
53
54           * "$ENV{XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/biber/biber.conf"
55
56           * "$HOME/.config/biber/biber.conf"
57
58           * "$HOME/Library/biber/biber.conf" (Mac OSX only)
59
60           * "$ENV{APPDATA}/biber.conf" (Windows only)
61
62           * The output of "kpsewhich biber.conf" (if available on the
63           system).
64
65           In tool mode, (--tool) the biber-tool.conf installed with Biber is
66           always used to set default options if a user-defined config file is
67           not specified. Use the --tool-config option to view the location of
68           the default tool mode config file which may be useful as a source
69           for writing your own.
70
71       --convert-control
72           Converts the .bcf control file into html using an XSLT transform.
73           Can be useful for debugging. File is named by appending ".html" to
74           .bcf file.
75
76       --decodecharsset=[recode set name]
77           The set of characters included in the conversion routine when
78           decoding LaTeX macros into UTF-8 (which happens when
79           --bblencoding|-E is set to UTF-8). Set to "full" to try harder with
80           a much larger set or "base" to use a smaller basic set. Default is
81           "base". You may want to try "full" if you have less common UTF-8
82           characters in your data source. The recode sets are defined in the
83           reencoding data file which can be customised.  See the --recodedata
84           option and the PDF manual. The virtual set name "null" may be
85           specified which effectively turns off macro decoding.
86
87       --debug|-D
88           Turn on debugging for "biber".
89
90       --dieondatamodel
91           Exit immediately with error if using "--validate-datamodel" and a
92           datamodel validation error is found. Default is to warn and
93           continue.
94
95       --dot-include=section,field,xdata,crossref,xref,related
96           Specifies the element to include in GraphViz DOT output format if
97           the output format is 'dot'.  You can also choose to display
98           crossref, xref, xdata and/or related entry connections.  The
99           default if not specified is
100           "--dot-include=section,xdata,crossref,xref".
101
102       --fixinits
103           Try to fix broken multiple initials when they have no space between
104           them in BibTeX data sources. That is, "A.B. Clarke" becomes "A. B.
105           Clarke" before name parsing.  This can slightly mess up things like
106           "{U.K. Government}" and other esoteric cases.
107
108       --help|-h
109           Show this help message.
110
111       --input-directory [directory]
112           .bcf and data files will be looked for first in the directory. See
113           the biber PDF documentation for the other possibilities and how
114           this interacts with the "--output-directory" option.
115
116       --input-encoding|-e [encoding]
117           Specify the encoding of the data source file(s). Default is "UTF-8"
118           Normally it's not necessary to set this as it's passed via the .bcf
119           file from biblatex's "bibencoding" option.  See "perldoc
120           Encode::Supported" for a list of supported encodings.  The legacy
121           option --bibencoding is supported as an alias.
122
123       --input-format=bibtex|biblatexml
124           Biber input format. This option only means something in tool mode
125           (see tool option) since normally the input format of a data source
126           is specified in the .bcf file and therefore from the \addbibresouce
127           macro in BibLaTeX.  The default value when in tool mode is 'bibtex'
128
129       --isbn10
130           Force all ISBNs to 10-digit versions on output. This will convert
131           the ISBN internally to an ISBN object which will not have hyphens
132           on output. If you use this option and want an ISBN with hyphens in
133           the correct place on output, use the --isbn-normalise option.
134
135       --isbn13
136           Force all ISBNs to 13-digit versions on output. This will convert
137           the ISBN internally to an ISBN object which will not have hyphens
138           on output. If you use this option and want an ISBN with hyphens in
139           the correct place on output, use the --isbn-normalise option.
140
141       --isbn-normalise
142           Normalise ISBNs with hyphens in the correct places on output.
143
144       --logfile [file]
145           Use file.blg as the name of the logfile.
146
147       --listsep=[sep]
148           Use sep as the separator for BibTeX data source list fields.
149           Defaults to BibTeX's usual 'and'.
150
151       --mincrossrefs|-m [number]
152           Set threshold for crossrefs.
153
154       --named-annotation-marker=[marker]
155           Sets the separator between the "--annotation-marker" and the name
156           of a named annotation. The default is ":".
157
158       --namesep=[sep]
159           Use sep as the separator for BibTeX data source name fields.
160           Defaults to BibTeX's usual 'and'.
161
162       --no-bblxml-schema
163           When writing bblxml output, don't generate an RNG XML schema from
164           the data model.
165
166       --no-bltxml-schema
167           When reading or writing biblatexml data sources, don't generate an
168           RNG XML schema from the data model.
169
170       --noconf
171           Don't look for a configfile.
172
173       --no-default-datamodel
174           Do not load the default datamodel coming from either the .bcf or,
175           when in tool mode, from the default tool mode config file. Use of
176           this option implies that you will provide a complete datamodel in a
177           config file. This option is useful when you wish to make major
178           modifications to the datamodel because the simple add/modify
179           operations to the default datamodel via a user config file are not
180           enough. For example, to remove things from the default datamodel,
181           you would use this option and supply a complete, reduced datamodel
182           in the user config file.
183
184       --nodieonerror
185           Don't exit on errors, just log and continue as far as possible.
186           This can be useful if the error is something from, for example, the
187           underlying BibTeX parsing C library which can complain about
188           parsing errors which can be ignored.
189
190       --glob-datasources
191           By default, glob (expand according to pattern) any data source
192           filenames.  Allows data sources to be specified like *.bib to load
193           all .bib files in a directory. Can be overridden on a per-dataource
194           basis with the glob option to \addbibresource in biblatex.
195
196       --nolog
197           Do not write any logfile.
198
199       --noskipduplicates
200           Don't skip duplicate bibliography keys if found. The detection of
201           duplicate keys is done across all data sources. Sometimes you might
202           need duplicates when using several data sources across several
203           refsections in which case you might need to use this option.
204
205       --nostdmacros
206           Don't automatically define any standard macros like month
207           abbreviations.  If you also define these yourself, this option can
208           be used to suppress macro redefinition warnings.
209
210       --noremove-tmp-dir
211           Do not remove the temporary directory used for various intermediate
212           files and data before exit (default is false). Name of the
213           directory can be obtained with the --show-tmp-dir option.
214
215       --noxname
216           Disable exended name processing in bibtex data sources. Can be
217           useful if you don't use this and it causes problems due to auto-
218           detection of extended name format.
219
220       --onlylog
221           Do not write any message to screen.
222
223       --others-string=[string]
224           Use string as the final name in a name field which implies "et al".
225           Defaults to BibTeX's usual 'others'.
226
227       --output-align
228           Align field values in neat columns in output. Effect depends on the
229           output format. Default is false.  The legacy option --tool-align is
230           supported as an alias.
231
232       --output-all-macrodefs
233           When outputting bibtex format, whether to output all found macro
234           (@STRING entries) definitions rather than just definitions for
235           macros which are actually used in the output entries. Default is
236           false.
237
238       --output-annotation-marker=[marker]
239           As --annotation-marker but for tool mode bibtex output. The default
240           is "+an".
241
242       --output-named-annotation-marker=[marker]
243           As --named-annotation-marker but for tool mode bibtex output. The
244           default is ":".
245
246       --output-directory [directory]
247           Output files (including log files) are output to directory instead
248           of the current directory. Input files are also looked for in
249           directory before current directory unless "--input-directory" is
250           also specified in which case input files are only looked for in the
251           directory specified by "--input-directory".
252
253       --output-encoding|-E [encoding]
254           Specify the encoding of the output ".bbl" file. Default is "UTF-8".
255           Normally it's not necessary to set this as it's passed via the .bcf
256           file from biblatex's "texencoding" option.  See "perldoc
257           Encode::Supported" for a list of supported encodings.  The legacy
258           option --bblencoding is supported as an alias.
259
260       --output-fieldcase=upper|lower|title
261           Case for field names output. Effect depends on the output format.
262           Defaults to 'upper'.  The legacy option --tool-fieldcase is
263           supported as an alias.
264
265       --output-field-order=[field1, ... fieldn]
266           When outputting bibtex format data in tool mode, this option allows
267           the customisation of the order of fields within entries. The value
268           is a comma-separated string of field names or classes of fields.
269           Fields not mentioned in the list are output in sorted name order
270           after the explicitly specified fields. The classes of fields are:
271
272           'names' - All name list fields 'lists' - All non-name list fields
273           'dates' - All date fields
274
275           By default, its value is 'options,abstract,names,lists,dates'.
276
277       --output-field-replace=[field1:replacefield1, ... fieldn:replacefieldn]
278           When outputting bibtex format output "replacefieldn" instead of
279           "fieldn".  This can be used to output legacy formats which undo the
280           default driver source map e.g
281           --output-field-replace=location:address,journaltitle:journal. See
282           --output-legacy-dates if legacy (YEAR/MONTH) date fields are
283           required in bibtex format output.
284
285       --output-file|-O [file]
286           Output to file instead of basename.bbl file is relative to
287           --output-directory, if set (absolute paths in this case are
288           stripped to filename only). file can be absolute if
289           --output-directory is not set. file can be '-' to output directly
290           to STDOUT. The legacy option --outfile is supported as an alias.
291
292       --output-format=dot|bibtex|biblatexml|bbl|bblxml
293           Biber output format. Default if not specified is of course, bbl.
294           Use dot to output a GraphViz DOT file instead of .bbl. This is a
295           directed graph of the bibliography data showing entries and, as
296           requested, sections and fields.  You must process this file with
297           "dot", e.g. "dot -Tsvg test.dot -o test.svg" to render the graph.
298           See the --dot-include option to select what is included in the DOT
299           output. bblxml is an XML version of the bbl format which you could
300           transform using XSLT. By default, when outputting bblxml, a RelaxNG
301           XML schema is generated from the active data model and saved with a
302           rng extension along with the output file name (unless the
303           --no-bblxml-schema option is specified). You may validate the
304           bblxml using the schema with the --validate-bblxml option.  The
305           legacy option --outformat is supported as an alias.
306
307       --output-indent=[num][t]
308           Indentation for body of entries in output. Effect depends on the
309           output format. Defaults to 2. The "num" can be followed by 't' to
310           specify tabs instead of spaces. The legacy option --tool-indent is
311           supported as an alias.
312
313       --output-legacy-dates
314           When outputting bibtex format, output YEAR/MONTH fields instead of
315           DATE.  This is not possible if the input is not convertible to
316           legacy format, meaning that any date to be output with legacy
317           fields can only have a YEAR part and perhaps a MONTH part. If a DAY
318           or ENDYEAR part are found, the date is not convertible and the
319           legacy output format will be skipped. Default is false.
320
321       --output-listsep=[sep]
322           As --listsep but for tool mode bibtex output. Defaults to BibTeX's
323           usual 'and'.
324
325       --output-namesep=[sep]
326           As --namesep but for tool mode bibtex output. Defaults to BibTeX's
327           usual 'and'.
328
329       --output-no-macrodefs
330           When outputting BibTeX format, don't output macro definitions
331           (@STRING entries).  You might not want to output macro definitions
332           if you keep them in a separate file.
333
334       --output-resolve
335           Convenience option to set all of the --output-resolve-* options to
336           'true'. The legacy option --tool-resolve is supported as an alias.
337
338       --output-resolve-xdata
339           Whether to resolve XDATA inheritance in tool mode or when
340           --output-format=bibtex in non tool mode. Defaults to 'false'.
341
342       --output-resolve-crossrefs
343           Whether to resolve CROSSREF/XREF inheritance in tool mode or when
344           --output-format=bibtex in non tool mode. Defaults to 'false'.
345
346       --output-resolve-sets
347           Whether to resolve data sets in tool mode or when
348           --output-format=bibtex in non tool mode. Defaults to 'false'.
349
350       --output-safechars
351           Try to convert UTF-8 chars into LaTeX macros when writing the
352           output.  This can prevent unknown char errors when using PDFLaTeX
353           and inputenc as this doesn't understand all of UTF-8. Note, it is
354           better to switch to XeTeX or LuaTeX to avoid this situation. By
355           default uses the --output-safecharsset "base" set of characters.
356           The legacy option --bblsafechars is supported as an alias.
357
358       --output-safecharsset=[recode set name]
359           The set of characters included in the conversion routine for
360           --output-safechars. Set to "full" to try harder with a much larger
361           set or "base" to use a basic set. Default is "base" which is fine
362           for most use cases. You may need to load more macro packages to
363           deal with the results of "full" (Dings, Greek characters, special
364           symbols etc.). The recode sets are defined in the reencoding data
365           file which can be customised. See the --recodedata option and the
366           PDF manual.  The legacy option --bblsafecharsset is supported as an
367           alias. The virtual set name "null" may be specified which
368           effectively turns off macro encoding.
369
370       --output-xdatamarker=[marker]
371           As --xdatamarker but for tool mode output. Default is 'xdata'.
372
373       --output-xdatasep=[sep]
374           As --xdatasep but for tool mode output. Default is '-'.
375
376       --output-xname
377           When output is a .bib BibTeX file in tool mode, whether to output
378           names the eXtended BibTeX name field format.
379
380       --output-xnamesep=[sep]
381           As --xnamesep but for tool mode bibtex output. Default is '='.
382
383       --quiet|-q
384           Log only errors. If this option is used more than once, don't even
385           log errors.
386
387       --recodedata=[file]
388           The data file to use for the reencoding between UTF-8 and LaTeX
389           macros. It defines the sets specified with the
390           --output-safecharsset and --decodecharsset options.  It defaults to
391           recode_data.xml in the same directory as Biber's Recode.pm module.
392           See the PDF documentation for the format of this file. If this
393           option is used, then file should be somewhere "kpsewhich" can find
394           it.
395
396       --show-tmp-dir
397           Prints the location of the temporary directory used for various
398           intermediate files and data. Only useful if --noremove-tmp-dir is
399           set to true.
400
401       --sortdebug
402           Add comments to output with sorting keys. Useful for debugging.
403
404       --sortcase=true|false
405           Case-sensitive sorting (default is true).
406
407       --sortlocale|-l [locale]
408           Set the locale to be used for sorting. The locale is used to add
409           CLDR tailoring to the sort (if available for the locale).
410
411       --sortupper=true|false
412           Whether to sort uppercase before lowercase when sorting (default is
413           true).
414
415       --ssl-nointernalca
416           Don't try to use the default Mozilla CA certificates when using
417           HTTPS to fetch remote data.  This assumes that the user will set
418           one of the perl LWP::UserAgent module environment variables to find
419           the CA certs.
420
421       --ssl-noverify-host
422           Turn off host verification when using HTTPS to fetch remote data
423           sources.  You may need this if the SSL certificate is self-signed
424           for example.
425
426       --strip-comments
427           In tool mode, strip all comments from the output file.
428
429       --tool
430           Run in tool mode. This mode is datasource centric rather than
431           document centric. biber reads a datasource (and a config file if
432           specified), applies the command-line and config file options to the
433           datasource and writes a new datasource. Essentially, this allows
434           you to change your data sources using biber's transformation
435           options (such as source mapping, sorting etc.)
436
437       --tool-config
438           Show the location of the default tool mode config file and exit.
439           Useful when you need to copy this file and customise it.
440
441       --tool-noremove-missing-dependants
442           Use this option in tool mode if you don't want to remove "XREF",
443           "CROSSREF" and "XDATA" fields from the output which point to a
444           missing entry. Useful if you have split datafiles where the e.g.
445           "CROSSREF"s are in another file that you are not including in the
446           tool mode run.
447
448       --trace|T
449           Turn on tracing. Also turns on --debug|d and additionally provides
450           a lot of low-level tracing information in the log.
451
452       -u  Alias for --input-encoding=UTF-8
453
454       -U  Alias for --output-encoding=UTF-8
455
456       --validate-bblxml
457           Schema validate bblXML output against a schema auto-generated from
458           the BibLaTeX datamodel. The schema will be auto-generated with the
459           name of the .bbl file with a .rng extension. The generated schema
460           can be kept and used with standard XML editors to validate the
461           output during XSL development.
462
463       --validate-bltxml
464           Schema validate BibLaTeXML datasources against a schema auto-
465           generated from the BibLaTeX datamodel. The schema will be auto-
466           generated with the name of the .bcf file with a .rng extension. The
467           generated schema can be kept and used with standard XML editors to
468           validate the datasource during datasource development. The schema
469           validation does not validate all semantic aspects of the datamodel
470           (i.e. the data model constraints)---for this use the
471           "--validate-datamodel" option.
472
473       --validate-config
474           Schema validate the biber config file.
475
476       --validate-control
477           Schema validate the .bcf biblatex control file.
478
479       --validate-datamodel|-V
480           Validate the data against a data model.
481
482       --version|-v
483           Display version number.
484
485       --winunicode|-W
486           In Windows 10 1803+, turning on the 'Use Unicode UTF8 for worldwide
487           language support' option makes Windows use UTF-8 instead of UTF-16
488           for many system APIs. If that option is enabled, use this option to
489           turn off biber's UTF-16 filename support on Windows. This will
490           result in much improved handling of Unicode filenames.
491
492       --wraplines|-w
493           Wrap lines in the .bbl file.
494
495       --xdatamarker=[marker]
496           Use marker as the string before "--xdatasep" which introduces an
497           XDATA reference in BibTeX format data sources. Not used in
498           BibLaTeXML data sources as it has a dedicated XML attribute
499           "xdata"' for this. Default is 'xdata'.
500
501       --xdatasep=[sep]
502           Use sep as the separator between XDATA sub-entry parts in the
503           eXtended name format. See biber docs. Default is '-'.
504
505       --xnamesep=[sep]
506           Use sep as the separator between namepart names and the namepart
507           values in the eXtended name format. Also applies to XDATA
508           references as the separator between "--xdatamarker" and the XDATA
509           reference. See biber docs.  Default is '='.
510
511       --xsvsep=[sep]
512           Use sep as the separator for fields of format type "xsv" in the
513           data model. A Perl regexp can be specified. Defaults to a single
514           comma surround by optional whitespace (\s*,\s*).
515

AUTHOR

517       Philip Kime, "Philip at kime.org.uk"
518

BUGS & DOCUMENTATION

520       To see the full documentation, run texdoc biber or get the biber.pdf
521       manual from SourceForge.
522
523       Please report any bugs or feature requests on our Github tracker at
524       <https://github.com/plk/biber/issues>.
525
527       Copyright 2009-2012 Francois Charette and Philip Kime, all rights
528       reserved.  Copyright 2012-2022 Philip Kime, all rights reserved.
529
530       This module is free software.  You can redistribute it and/or modify it
531       under the terms of the Artistic License 2.0.
532
533       This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
534       without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of
535       merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
536
537
538
539perl v5.36.0                      2022-07-20                          BIBER(1)
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