1KAKASI(1) General Commands Manual KAKASI(1)
2
6 KAKASI - Kanji kana simple inverter (between Kanji, both Kana and
7 Romaji)
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10 kakasi [options] [jisyo1 [jisyo2 [jisyo1,,]]]
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13 KAKASI In Japanese sentences are often made up a mixture of Chinese
14 characters (Kanji), Kana (Hiragana and Katakana) and Romaji (Latin pho‐
15 netical pronunciation). This program converts between these four dif‐
16 ferent ways of writing Japanese.
17 This program is useful for those whose terminal or desktop does not
19 support the native display of Japanese. Also this is a great tool for
20 those who are learning Japanese (international students and children
21 etc).
22 A word can be passed into the standard input (stdin), then it is trans‐
24 lated and output to standard out (stdout). In the following example
25 the "bunchu" Kanji is converted into Hiragana.
26 kakasi -JH < document
28 Since version 2.3.0 text with spaces in-between words has been sup‐
30 ported. In the following example the output has spaces in-between each
31 word.
32 kakasi -w < document
34 Since version 2.3.5 level conversion mode has been supported. In the
36 following example, simple Kanjis are left them unconverted, and diffi‐
37 cult Kanjis are translated into Hiragana.
38 kakasi -l4 < document
40 KAKASI It is possible to convert letters to alphabetical characters.
42 Also Katakana letters in the JIS x0201 character set and the Hiragana
43 in the JIS x0208 character set can be converted between each other.
44 KAKASI The following character set in brackets which is displayed.
46 ASCII (a) Known as "ascii" character set.
48 JISROMAN (j)
50 Known as "jis roman" character set.
51 GRAPHIC (g)
53 It is the DEC graphic character set.
54 Katakana (k)
56 JIS x0201, defined as part of the GR character set.
57 As a matter of convinience, JIS x0208 is divided as stated
59 below.
60 Kanji (J)
62 JIS x0208 characters included between 16 and 94 sections.
63 Hiragana (H)
65 JIS x0208 characters included in section 4 (Hiragana)
66 Katakana (K)
68 JIS x0208 characters included in section 5 (Katakana)
69 Sign (E)
71 JIS x0208 characters included in section 1,2,3,6,7, and 8.
72 (Note that section 9-15 are undefined in JIS x0208.)
73 Translation between the following character sets are available.
75 ASCII -> JISROMAN, Sign
77 JISROMAN -> ASCII, Sign
79 GRAPHIC -> ASCII, JISROMAN, Sign
81 JISx0201 Katakana
83 -> ASCII, JISROMAN, Kana, Hiragana
84 Sign -> ASCII, JISROMAN
86 Katakana -> ASCII, JISROMAN, JISx0201 Katakana, Hiragana
88 Hiragana -> ASCII, JISROMAN, JISx0201 Katakana, Kana
90 Kanji -> ASCII, JISROMAN, JISx0201 Katakana, Kana, Hiragana
92 With conversion of ASCII and the JISROMAN the alphabetical character
94 conversion is done from JISx0201 Katakana, Katakana, Hiragana and
95 Kanji.
96 Example:
98 1. All kanji characters are converted to Hiragana.
100 kakasi -JH
102 2. All JIS x0208 characters are converted to JIS X 0201.
104 kakasi -Hk -Kk -Jk -Ea
107 3. All characters are converted to JIS X 0208.
109 kakasi -aE -jE -gE -kK
111 4. All characters are converted to ascii and words are separated.
113 kakasi -Ha -Ka -Ja -Ea -ka
115 5. Exchange between Katakana and Hiragana characters.
117 kakasi -HK -KH
119
121 Some character sets are categorized by kakasi and indicated by follow‐
122 ing mnemonics: a, j, g, k, E, H, K, J.
123 a --- ASCII characters
125 j --- JIS ROMAN ( nearly equal to ASCII, "~" and "
126 different ) defined by JIS x0201
127 g --- DEC Graphic Characters
128 k --- KATAKANA defined by JIS x0201
129 E, H, K, and J are included in JIS x0208 character set.
131 J --- KANJI characters of JIS x0208.
133 H --- HIRAGANA characters of JIS x0208.
134 K --- KATAKANA characters of JIS x0208.
135 E --- Rest of above characters of JIS x0208 which includes
136 alphabets, numbers, symbols and so on.
137 -(from)(to) means conversion from character set (from) to (to). For
139 example, -JK option causes KANJI characters are converted to HIRAGANA.
140 Combinations in the following table are available. (You must not
141 remember it, because the -h shows same information)
142 to\from| a j k E H K J g
144 -------+--------------------------------------------
145 a | - o o1 o o1 o1 o12 o
146 j | o - o1 o o1 o1 o12 o
147 k | - o o o2
148 E | o o - o
149 H | o - o o2
150 K | o o -
151 o -- converted.
153 1 -- converted to Romaji.
154 2 -- Kanji -> Kana conversion.
155
158 Unfortunately, several coding systems are used in Japan and JIS x0208
159 standard are changed at 1983. Therefore, KAKASI can automatically dis‐
160 tinguish the coding system and coding revision and then use the same
161 output coding system if the document does not include JIS x0201
162 KATAKANA. If JIS x0201 KATAKANA is included or you wish to change
163 kanji coding system, you may use the next options.
164 -i : input coding
166 -o : output coding
167 jis -- Widely used on the internet. (Ex: fj, jp, .. newsgroups)
169 Derived from ISO-2022 coding manner.
170 newjis: JISx0208 (1983) invoked by ESC-$-B.
171 oldjis: JISx0208 (1978) invoked by ESC-$-@.
172 euc,dec -- Often used in UNIX like computers. JISx0208 is
173 assigned to GR ( MSB is 1 ). The major difference between
174 euc and dec is assignment of JISx0201 KATAKANA and
175 the DEC graphic character.
176 sjis -- Defined by Microsoft Corp. Widely used on the personal
177 computers ( MSDOS, Mac, .. )
178 utf8 -- Current international standard. All modern OSs use this
179 encoding of the Unicode character set as the default.
180
183 Kanji kana conversion options. Used with -J? option. There are 2 types
184 of Romaji writing. The first is the Kunrei method defined by Japanese
185 government, and the second is the Hepburn method. I think Hepburn
186 method sounds naturally to foreigners.
187 -rhepburn : Hepburn Method (default)
189 -rkunrei : Kunrei Method
190
193 -p: List all possible readings. If there exist two or more
194 possible readings, KAKASI shows them in braces {aaa,bbb}.
195 -s: Insert a separate character between words.
196 -f: Furigana mode. Shows the original kanji word with reading.
197 -c: Skip characters within word. ( default TAB CR LF BLANK )
198 -C: Capitalize Romaji word (with -Ja or -Jj option)
199 -U: Upcase romaji word (with -Ja or -Jj option)
200 -u: Call fflush().
201 -w: wakatigaki mode. 'wakatigaki' is word segmentation for
202 Japanese sentences.
203
207 KAKASI can accept additional dictionary to the system dictionary. The
208 acceptable format of additional dictionary is SKK format, and Wnn for‐
209 mat, and so on. Namely, each record is one line with two fields, Yomi
210 (reading) and Jukugo(idiom). Fields are separated with commas (or TAB,
211 or blank). The kanji code is restricted to JIS or EUC. See another
212 document named JISYO for more details.
213
215 The behavior is affected by the following environment variables.
216 KANWADICTPATH
218 Specifies a path of kanwadict (full-path including filename).
219 Default value is $prefix/share/kakasi/kanwadict.
220 ITAIJIDICTPATH
222 Specifies a path of itaijidict (full-path including filename).
223 Default value is $prefix/share/kakasi/itaijidict.
224
226 Hironobu Takahasi <takahasi@tiny.or.jp>
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229 $prefix/share/kakasi/kanwadict
230 It is a binary dictionary of KAKASI. It is automatically con‐
231 verted from kakasidict by mkkanwa when the package is installed.
232
234 mkkanwa(1)
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237 Return status except 0 when there is any trouble.
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240 Report bugs to KAKASI Project <kakasi-dev@namazu.org>. Please DO NOT
241 CONTACT to the originator (Takahasi-san).
242
244 The content of English manual is not exactly same as that of Japanese
245 manual.
2464.3 Berkeley Distribution LOCAL KAKASI(1)