1PYCODESTYLE(1) pycodestyle PYCODESTYLE(1)
2
6 pycodestyle - pycodestyle documentation
7 Python style guide checker
9 pycodestyle (formerly pep8) is a tool to check your Python code against
11 some of the style conventions in PEP 8.
12 Contents:
14
16 pycodestyle is a tool to check your Python code against some of the
17 style conventions in PEP 8.
18 • Features
20 • Disclaimer
22 • Installation
24 • Example usage and output
26 • Configuration
28 • Error codes
30 • Related tools
32 Features
34 • Plugin architecture: Adding new checks is easy.
35 • Parseable output: Jump to error location in your editor.
37 • Small: Just one Python file, requires only stdlib. You can use just
39 the pycodestyle.py file for this purpose.
40 • Comes with a comprehensive test suite.
42 Disclaimer
44 This utility does not enforce every single rule of PEP 8. It helps to
45 verify that some coding conventions are applied but it does not intend
46 to be exhaustive. Some rules cannot be expressed with a simple algo‐
47 rithm, and other rules are only guidelines which you could circumvent
48 when you need to.
49 Always remember this statement from PEP 8:
51 A style guide is about consistency. Consistency with this style
52 guide is important. Consistency within a project is more important.
53 Consistency within one module or function is most important.
54 Among other things, these features are currently not in the scope of
56 the pycodestyle library:
57 • naming conventions: this kind of feature is supported through plug‐
59 ins. Install flake8 and the pep8-naming extension to use this fea‐
60 ture.
61 • docstring conventions: they are not in the scope of this library; see
63 the pydocstyle project.
64 • automatic fixing: see the section PEP8 Fixers in the related tools
66 page.
67 Installation
69 You can install, upgrade, uninstall pycodestyle.py with these commands:
70 $ pip install pycodestyle
72 $ pip install --upgrade pycodestyle
73 $ pip uninstall pycodestyle
74 Example usage and output
76 $ pycodestyle --first optparse.py
77 optparse.py:69:11: E401 multiple imports on one line
78 optparse.py:77:1: E302 expected 2 blank lines, found 1
79 optparse.py:88:5: E301 expected 1 blank line, found 0
80 optparse.py:222:34: W602 deprecated form of raising exception
81 optparse.py:347:31: E211 whitespace before '('
82 optparse.py:357:17: E201 whitespace after '{'
83 optparse.py:472:29: E221 multiple spaces before operator
84 optparse.py:544:21: W601 .has_key() is deprecated, use 'in'
85 You can also make pycodestyle.py show the source code for each error,
87 and even the relevant text from PEP 8:
88 $ pycodestyle --show-source --show-pep8 testsuite/E40.py
90 testsuite/E40.py:2:10: E401 multiple imports on one line
91 import os, sys
92 ^
93 Imports should usually be on separate lines.
94 Okay: import os\nimport sys
96 E401: import sys, os
97 Or you can display how often each error was found:
99 $ pycodestyle --statistics -qq Python-2.5/Lib
101 232 E201 whitespace after '['
102 599 E202 whitespace before ')'
103 631 E203 whitespace before ','
104 842 E211 whitespace before '('
105 2531 E221 multiple spaces before operator
106 4473 E301 expected 1 blank line, found 0
107 4006 E302 expected 2 blank lines, found 1
108 165 E303 too many blank lines (4)
109 325 E401 multiple imports on one line
110 3615 E501 line too long (82 characters)
111 612 W601 .has_key() is deprecated, use 'in'
112 1188 W602 deprecated form of raising exception
113 You can also make pycodestyle.py show the error text in different for‐
115 mats by using --format having options default/pylint/custom:
116 $ pycodestyle testsuite/E40.py --format=default
118 testsuite/E40.py:2:10: E401 multiple imports on one line
119 $ pycodestyle testsuite/E40.py --format=pylint
121 testsuite/E40.py:2: [E401] multiple imports on one line
122 $ pycodestyle testsuite/E40.py --format='%(path)s|%(row)d|%(col)d| %(code)s %(text)s'
124 testsuite/E40.py|2|10| E401 multiple imports on one line
125 Variables in the custom format option
127 ┌─────────┬───────────────┐
129 │Variable │ Significance │
130 └─────────┴───────────────┘
131 │path │ File name │
134 ├─────────┼───────────────┤
135 │row │ Row number │
136 ├─────────┼───────────────┤
137 │col │ Column number │
138 ├─────────┼───────────────┤
139 │code │ Error code │
140 ├─────────┼───────────────┤
141 │text │ Error text │
142 └─────────┴───────────────┘
143 Quick help is available on the command line:
145 $ pycodestyle -h
147 Usage: pycodestyle [options] input ...
148 Options:
150 --version show program's version number and exit
151 -h, --help show this help message and exit
152 -v, --verbose print status messages, or debug with -vv
153 -q, --quiet report only file names, or nothing with -qq
154 --first show first occurrence of each error
155 --exclude=patterns exclude files or directories which match these comma
156 separated patterns (default: .svn,CVS,.bzr,.hg,.git)
157 --filename=patterns when parsing directories, only check filenames matching
158 these comma separated patterns (default: *.py)
159 --select=errors select errors and warnings (e.g. E,W6)
160 --ignore=errors skip errors and warnings (e.g. E4,W)
161 --show-source show source code for each error
162 --show-pep8 show text of PEP 8 for each error (implies --first)
163 --statistics count errors and warnings
164 --count print total number of errors and warnings to standard
165 error and set exit code to 1 if total is not null
166 --max-line-length=n set maximum allowed line length (default: 79)
167 --max-doc-length=n set maximum allowed doc line length and perform these
168 checks (unchecked if not set)
169 --indent-size=n set how many spaces make up an indent (default: 4)
170 --hang-closing hang closing bracket instead of matching indentation of
171 opening bracket's line
172 --format=format set the error format [default|pylint|<custom>]
173 --diff report only lines changed according to the unified diff
174 received on STDIN
175 Testing Options:
177 --benchmark measure processing speed
178 Configuration:
180 The project options are read from the [pycodestyle] section of the
181 tox.ini file or the setup.cfg file located in any parent folder of the
182 path(s) being processed. Allowed options are: exclude, filename,
183 select, ignore, max-line-length, max-doc-length, hang-closing, count,
184 format, quiet, show-pep8, show-source, statistics, verbose.
185 --config=path user config file location
187 (default: ~/.config/pycodestyle)
188 Configuration
190 The behaviour may be configured at two levels, the user and project
191 levels.
192 At the user level, settings are read from the following locations:
194 If on Windows:
196 ~\.pycodestyle
197 Otherwise, if the XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment variable is defined:
199 XDG_CONFIG_HOME/pycodestyle
200 Else if XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not defined:
202 ~/.config/pycodestyle
203 Example:
205 [pycodestyle]
207 count = False
208 ignore = E226,E302,E41
209 max-line-length = 160
210 statistics = True
211 At the project level, a setup.cfg file or a tox.ini file is read if
213 present. If none of these files have a [pycodestyle] section, no
214 project specific configuration is loaded.
215 Error codes
217 This is the current list of error and warning codes:
218 ┌──────────┬────────────────────────────┐
220 │code │ sample message │
221 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
222 │E1 │ Indentation │
223 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
224 │E101 │ indentation contains mixed │
225 │ │ spaces and tabs │
226 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
227 │E111 │ indentation is not a mul‐ │
228 │ │ tiple of four │
229 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
230 │E112 │ expected an indented block │
231 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
232 │E113 │ unexpected indentation │
233 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
234 │E114 │ indentation is not a mul‐ │
235 │ │ tiple of four (comment) │
236 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
237 │E115 │ expected an indented block │
238 │ │ (comment) │
239 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
240 │E116 │ unexpected indentation │
241 │ │ (comment) │
242 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
243 │E117 │ over-indented │
244 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
245 │E121 (*^) │ continuation line un‐ │
246 │ │ der-indented for hanging │
247 │ │ indent │
248 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
249 │E122 (^) │ continuation line missing │
250 │ │ indentation or outdented │
251 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
252 │E123 (*) │ closing bracket does not │
253 │ │ match indentation of open‐ │
254 │ │ ing bracket's line │
255 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
256 │E124 (^) │ closing bracket does not │
257 │ │ match visual indentation │
258 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
259 │E125 (^) │ continuation line with │
260 │ │ same indent as next logi‐ │
261 │ │ cal line │
262 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
263 │E126 (*^) │ continuation line over-in‐ │
264 │ │ dented for hanging indent │
265 └──────────┴────────────────────────────┘
266 │E127 (^) │ continuation line over-in‐ │
270 │ │ dented for visual indent │
271 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
272 │E128 (^) │ continuation line un‐ │
273 │ │ der-indented for visual │
274 │ │ indent │
275 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
276 │E129 (^) │ visually indented line │
277 │ │ with same indent as next │
278 │ │ logical line │
279 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
280 │E131 (^) │ continuation line un‐ │
281 │ │ aligned for hanging indent │
282 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
283 │E133 (*) │ closing bracket is missing │
284 │ │ indentation │
285 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
286 │ │ │
287 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
288 │E2 │ Whitespace │
289 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
290 │E201 │ whitespace after '(' │
291 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
292 │E202 │ whitespace before ')' │
293 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
294 │E203 │ whitespace before ',', │
295 │ │ ';', or ':' │
296 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
297 │ │ │
298 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
299 │E211 │ whitespace before '(' │
300 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
301 │ │ │
302 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
303 │E221 │ multiple spaces before op‐ │
304 │ │ erator │
305 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
306 │E222 │ multiple spaces after op‐ │
307 │ │ erator │
308 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
309 │E223 │ tab before operator │
310 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
311 │E224 │ tab after operator │
312 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
313 │E225 │ missing whitespace around │
314 │ │ operator │
315 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
316 │E226 (*) │ missing whitespace around │
317 │ │ arithmetic operator │
318 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
319 │E227 │ missing whitespace around │
320 │ │ bitwise or shift operator │
321 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
322 │E228 │ missing whitespace around │
323 │ │ modulo operator │
324 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
325 │ │ │
326 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
327 │E231 │ missing whitespace after │
328 │ │ ',', ';', or ':' │
329 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
330 │ │ │
331 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
332 │E241 (*) │ multiple spaces after ',' │
333 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
334 │E242 (*) │ tab after ',' │
335 └──────────┴────────────────────────────┘
336 │ │ │
338 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
339 │E251 │ unexpected spaces around │
340 │ │ keyword / parameter equals │
341 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
342 │ │ │
343 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
344 │E261 │ at least two spaces before │
345 │ │ inline comment │
346 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
347 │E262 │ inline comment should │
348 │ │ start with '# ' │
349 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
350 │E265 │ block comment should start │
351 │ │ with '# ' │
352 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
353 │E266 │ too many leading '#' for │
354 │ │ block comment │
355 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
356 │ │ │
357 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
358 │E271 │ multiple spaces after key‐ │
359 │ │ word │
360 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
361 │E272 │ multiple spaces before │
362 │ │ keyword │
363 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
364 │E273 │ tab after keyword │
365 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
366 │E274 │ tab before keyword │
367 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
368 │E275 │ missing whitespace after │
369 │ │ keyword │
370 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
371 │ │ │
372 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
373 │E3 │ Blank line │
374 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
375 │E301 │ expected 1 blank line, │
376 │ │ found 0 │
377 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
378 │E302 │ expected 2 blank lines, │
379 │ │ found 0 │
380 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
381 │E303 │ too many blank lines (3) │
382 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
383 │E304 │ blank lines found after │
384 │ │ function decorator │
385 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
386 │E305 │ expected 2 blank lines af‐ │
387 │ │ ter end of function or │
388 │ │ class │
389 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
390 │E306 │ expected 1 blank line be‐ │
391 │ │ fore a nested definition │
392 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
393 │ │ │
394 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
395 │E4 │ Import │
396 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
397 │E401 │ multiple imports on one │
398 │ │ line │
399 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
400 │E402 │ module level import not at │
401 │ │ top of file │
402 └──────────┴────────────────────────────┘
403 │ │ │
406 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
407 │E5 │ Line length │
408 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
409 │E501 (^) │ line too long (82 > 79 │
410 │ │ characters) │
411 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
412 │E502 │ the backslash is redundant │
413 │ │ between brackets │
414 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
415 │ │ │
416 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
417 │E7 │ Statement │
418 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
419 │E701 │ multiple statements on one │
420 │ │ line (colon) │
421 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
422 │E702 │ multiple statements on one │
423 │ │ line (semicolon) │
424 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
425 │E703 │ statement ends with a │
426 │ │ semicolon │
427 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
428 │E704 (*) │ multiple statements on one │
429 │ │ line (def) │
430 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
431 │E711 (^) │ comparison to None should │
432 │ │ be 'if cond is None:' │
433 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
434 │E712 (^) │ comparison to True should │
435 │ │ be 'if cond is True:' or │
436 │ │ 'if cond:' │
437 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
438 │E713 │ test for membership should │
439 │ │ be 'not in' │
440 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
441 │E714 │ test for object identity │
442 │ │ should be 'is not' │
443 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
444 │E721 (^) │ do not compare types, use │
445 │ │ 'isinstance()' │
446 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
447 │E722 │ do not use bare except, │
448 │ │ specify exception instead │
449 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
450 │E731 │ do not assign a lambda ex‐ │
451 │ │ pression, use a def │
452 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
453 │E741 │ do not use variables named │
454 │ │ 'l', 'O', or 'I' │
455 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
456 │E742 │ do not define classes │
457 │ │ named 'l', 'O', or 'I' │
458 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
459 │E743 │ do not define functions │
460 │ │ named 'l', 'O', or 'I' │
461 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
462 │ │ │
463 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
464 │E9 │ Runtime │
465 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
466 │E901 │ SyntaxError or Indenta‐ │
467 │ │ tionError │
468 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
469 │E902 │ IOError │
470 └──────────┴────────────────────────────┘
471 │ │ │
474 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
475 │W1 │ Indentation warning │
476 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
477 │W191 │ indentation contains tabs │
478 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
479 │ │ │
480 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
481 │W2 │ Whitespace warning │
482 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
483 │W291 │ trailing whitespace │
484 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
485 │W292 │ no newline at end of file │
486 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
487 │W293 │ blank line contains white‐ │
488 │ │ space │
489 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
490 │ │ │
491 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
492 │W3 │ Blank line warning │
493 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
494 │W391 │ blank line at end of file │
495 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
496 │ │ │
497 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
498 │W5 │ Line break warning │
499 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
500 │W503 (*) │ line break before binary │
501 │ │ operator │
502 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
503 │W504 (*) │ line break after binary │
504 │ │ operator │
505 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
506 │W505 (*^) │ doc line too long (82 > 79 │
507 │ │ characters) │
508 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
509 │ │ │
510 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
511 │W6 │ Deprecation warning │
512 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
513 │W601 │ .has_key() is deprecated, │
514 │ │ use 'in' │
515 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
516 │W602 │ deprecated form of raising │
517 │ │ exception │
518 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
519 │W603 │ '<>' is deprecated, use │
520 │ │ '!=' │
521 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
522 │W604 │ backticks are deprecated, │
523 │ │ use 'repr()' │
524 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
525 │W605 │ invalid escape sequence │
526 │ │ 'x' │
527 ├──────────┼────────────────────────────┤
528 │W606 │ 'async' and 'await' are │
529 │ │ reserved keywords starting │
530 │ │ with Python 3.7 │
531 └──────────┴────────────────────────────┘
532 (*) In the default configuration, the checks E121, E123, E126, E133,
534 E226, E241, E242, E704, W503, W504 and W505 are ignored because they
535 are not rules unanimously accepted, and PEP 8 does not enforce them.
536 Please note that if the option --ignore=errors is used, the default
537 configuration will be overridden and ignore only the check(s) you skip.
538 The check W503 is mutually exclusive with check W504. The check E133
539 is mutually exclusive with check E123. Use switch --hang-closing to
540 report E133 instead of E123. Use switch --max-doc-length=n to report
541 W505.
542 (^) These checks can be disabled at the line level using the # noqa
544 special comment. This possibility should be reserved for special
545 cases.
546 Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
547 Note: most errors can be listed with such one-liner:
549 $ python pycodestyle.py --first --select E,W testsuite/ --format '%(code)s: %(text)s'
551 Related tools
553 The flake8 checker is a wrapper around pycodestyle and similar tools.
554 It supports plugins.
555 Other tools which use pycodestyle are referenced in the Wiki: list of
557 related tools.
558
560 Automated tests
561 You can also execute pycodestyle tests from Python code. For example,
562 this can be highly useful for automated testing of coding style confor‐
563 mance in your project:
564 import unittest
566 import pycodestyle
567 class TestCodeFormat(unittest.TestCase):
570 def test_conformance(self):
572 """Test that we conform to PEP-8."""
573 style = pycodestyle.StyleGuide(quiet=True)
574 result = style.check_files(['file1.py', 'file2.py'])
575 self.assertEqual(result.total_errors, 0,
576 "Found code style errors (and warnings).")
577 There's also a shortcut for checking a single file:
579 import pycodestyle
581 fchecker = pycodestyle.Checker('testsuite/E27.py', show_source=True)
583 file_errors = fchecker.check_all()
584 print("Found %s errors (and warnings)" % file_errors)
586 Configuring tests
588 You can configure automated pycodestyle tests in a variety of ways.
589 For example, you can pass in a path to a configuration file that py‐
591 codestyle should use:
592 import pycodestyle
594 style = pycodestyle.StyleGuide(config_file='/path/to/tox.ini')
596 You can also set specific options explicitly:
598 style = pycodestyle.StyleGuide(ignore=['E501'])
600 Skip file header
602 Another example is related to the feature request #143: skip a number
603 of lines at the beginning and the end of a file. This use case is easy
604 to implement through a custom wrapper for the PEP 8 library:
605 #!python
607 import pycodestyle
608 LINES_SLICE = slice(14, -20)
610 class StyleGuide(pycodestyle.StyleGuide):
612 """This subclass of pycodestyle.StyleGuide will skip the first and last lines
613 of each file."""
614 def input_file(self, filename, lines=None, expected=None, line_offset=0):
616 if lines is None:
617 assert line_offset == 0
618 line_offset = LINES_SLICE.start or 0
619 lines = pycodestyle.readlines(filename)[LINES_SLICE]
620 return super(StyleGuide, self).input_file(
621 filename, lines=lines, expected=expected, line_offset=line_offset)
622 if __name__ == '__main__':
624 style = StyleGuide(parse_argv=True, config_file=True)
625 report = style.check_files()
626 if report.total_errors:
627 raise SystemExit(1)
628 This module declares a lines' window which skips 14 lines at the begin‐
630 ning and 20 lines at the end. If there's no line to skip at the end,
631 it could be changed with LINES_SLICE = slice(14, None) for example.
632 You can save it in a file and use it with the same options as the orig‐
634 inal pycodestyle.
635
637 The library provides classes which are usable by third party tools.
638 • Checker Classes
640 • Report Classes
642 • Utilities
644 Checker Classes
646 The StyleGuide class is used to configure a style guide checker in‐
647 stance to check multiple files.
648 The Checker class can be used to check a single file.
650 class pycodestyle.StyleGuide(parse_argv=False, config_file=None,
652 parser=None, paths=None, report=None, **kwargs)
653 Initialize a PEP-8 instance with few options.
654 init_report(reporter=None)
656 Initialize the report instance.
657 check_files(paths=None)
659 Run all checks on the paths.
660 input_file(filename, lines=None, expected=None, line_offset=0)
662 Run all checks on a Python source file.
663 input_dir(dirname)
665 Check all files in this directory and all subdirectories.
666 excluded(filename, parent=None)
668 Check if the file should be excluded.
669 Check if 'options.exclude' contains a pattern matching
671 filename.
672 ignore_code(code)
674 Check if the error code should be ignored.
675 If 'options.select' contains a prefix of the error code,
677 return False. Else, if 'options.ignore' contains a pre‐
678 fix of the error code, return True.
679 get_checks(argument_name)
681 Get all the checks for this category.
682 Find all globally visible functions where the first argu‐
684 ment name starts with argument_name and which contain se‐
685 lected tests.
686 class pycodestyle.Checker(filename=None, lines=None, report=None,
688 **kwargs)
689 Load a Python source file, tokenize it, check coding style.
690 readline()
692 Get the next line from the input buffer.
693 run_check(check, argument_names)
695 Run a check plugin.
696 check_physical(line)
698 Run all physical checks on a raw input line.
699 build_tokens_line()
701 Build a logical line from tokens.
702 check_logical()
704 Build a line from tokens and run all logical checks on
705 it.
706 check_ast()
708 Build the file's AST and run all AST checks.
709 generate_tokens()
711 Tokenize file, run physical line checks and yield tokens.
712 check_all(expected=None, line_offset=0)
714 Run all checks on the input file.
715 Report Classes
717 class pycodestyle.BaseReport(options)
718 Collect the results of the checks.
719 start()
721 Start the timer.
722 stop() Stop the timer.
724 init_file(filename, lines, expected, line_offset)
726 Signal a new file.
727 increment_logical_line()
729 Signal a new logical line.
730 error(line_number, offset, text, check)
732 Report an error, according to options.
733 get_file_results()
735 Return the count of errors and warnings for this file.
736 get_count(prefix='')
738 Return the total count of errors and warnings.
739 get_statistics(prefix='')
741 Get statistics for message codes that start with the pre‐
742 fix.
743 prefix='' matches all errors and warnings prefix='E'
745 matches all errors prefix='W' matches all warnings pre‐
746 fix='E4' matches all errors that have to do with imports
747 print_statistics(prefix='')
749 Print overall statistics (number of errors and warnings).
750 print_benchmark()
752 Print benchmark numbers.
753 class pycodestyle.FileReport(options)
755 Collect the results of the checks and print the filenames.
756 class pycodestyle.StandardReport(options)
758 Collect and print the results of the checks.
759 class pycodestyle.DiffReport(options)
761 Collect and print the results for the changed lines only.
762 Utilities
764 pycodestyle.expand_indent(line)
765 Return the amount of indentation.
766 Tabs are expanded to the next multiple of 8.
768 >>> expand_indent(' ')
770 4
771 >>> expand_indent('\t')
772 8
773 >>> expand_indent(' \t')
774 8
775 >>> expand_indent(' \t')
776 16
777 pycodestyle.mute_string(text)
779 Replace contents with 'xxx' to prevent syntax matching.
780 >>> mute_string('"abc"')
782 '"xxx"'
783 >>> mute_string("'''abc'''")
784 "'''xxx'''"
785 >>> mute_string("r'abc'")
786 "r'xxx'"
787 pycodestyle.read_config(options, args, arglist, parser)
789 Read and parse configurations.
790 If a config file is specified on the command line with the
792 "--config" option, then only it is used for configuration.
793 Otherwise, the user configuration (~/.config/pycodestyle) and
795 any local configurations in the current directory or above will
796 be merged together (in that order) using the read method of Con‐
797 figParser.
798 pycodestyle.process_options(arglist=None, parse_argv=False, con‐
800 fig_file=None)
801 Process options passed either via arglist or command line args.
802 Passing in the config_file parameter allows other tools, such as
804 flake8 to specify their own options to be processed in py‐
805 codestyle.
806 pycodestyle.register_check(func_or_cls, codes=None)
808 Register a new check object.
809
811 Source code
812 The source code is currently available on GitHub under the terms and
813 conditions of the Expat license. Fork away!
814 • Source code and issue tracker on GitHub.
816 • Continuous tests against Python 2.7 and 3.5+ as well as the nightly
818 Python build and PyPy, on GitHub Actions.
819 Direction
821 Some high-level aims and directions to bear in mind for contributions:
822 • pycodestyle is intended to be as fast as possible. Using the ast
824 module defeats that purpose. The pep8-naming plugin exists for this
825 sort of functionality.
826 • If you want to provide extensibility / plugins, please see flake8 -
828 pycodestyle doesn't want or need a plugin architecture.
829 • pycodestyle aims to have no external dependencies.
831 Contribute
833 You can add checks to this program by writing plugins. Each plugin is
834 a simple function that is called for each line of source code, either
835 physical or logical.
836 Physical line:
838 • Raw line of text from the input file.
840 Logical line:
842 • Multi-line statements converted to a single line.
844 • Stripped left and right.
846 • Contents of strings replaced with "xxx" of same length.
848 • Comments removed.
850 The check function requests physical or logical lines by the name of
852 the first argument:
853 def maximum_line_length(physical_line)
855 def extraneous_whitespace(logical_line)
856 def blank_lines(logical_line, blank_lines, indent_level, line_number)
857 The last example above demonstrates how check plugins can request addi‐
859 tional information with extra arguments. All attributes of the Checker
860 object are available. Some examples:
861 • lines: a list of the raw lines from the input file
863 • tokens: the tokens that contribute to this logical line
865 • line_number: line number in the input file
867 • total_lines: number of lines in the input file
869 • blank_lines: blank lines before this one
871 • indent_char: indentation character in this file (" " or "\t")
873 • indent_level: indentation (with tabs expanded to multiples of 8)
875 • previous_indent_level: indentation on previous line
877 • previous_logical: previous logical line
879 Check plugins can also maintain per-file state. If you need this, de‐
881 clare a parameter named checker_state. You will be passed a dict, which
882 will be the same one for all lines in the same file but a different one
883 for different files. Each check plugin gets its own dict, so you don't
884 need to worry about clobbering the state of other plugins.
885 The docstring of each check function shall be the relevant part of text
887 from PEP 8. It is printed if the user enables --show-pep8. Several
888 docstrings contain examples directly from the PEP 8 document.
889 Okay: spam(ham[1], {eggs: 2})
891 E201: spam( ham[1], {eggs: 2})
892 These examples are verified automatically when pycodestyle.py is run
894 with the --doctest option. You can add examples for your own check
895 functions. The format is simple: "Okay" or error/warning code followed
896 by colon and space, the rest of the line is example source code. If
897 you put 'r' before the docstring, you can use \n for newline and \t for
898 tab.
899 Then be sure to pass the tests:
901 $ python pycodestyle.py --testsuite testsuite
903 $ python pycodestyle.py --doctest
904 $ python pycodestyle.py --verbose pycodestyle.py
905 When contributing to pycodestyle, please observe our Code of Conduct.
907 To run the tests, the core developer team and GitHub Actions use tox:
909 $ pip install -r dev-requirements.txt
911 $ tox
912 All the tests should pass for all available interpreters, with the sum‐
914 mary of:
915 congratulations :)
917 Changes
919 2.9.1 (2022-08-03)
920 Changes:
921 • E275: fix false positive for yield expressions.
923 2.9.0 (2022-07-30)
925 Changes:
926 • E221, E222, E223, E224: add support for := operator. PR #1032.
928 • Drop python 2.7 / 3.5.
930 • E262: consider non-breaking spaces (\xa0) as whitespace. PR #1035.
932 • Improve performance of _is_binary_operator. PR #1052.
934 • E275: requires whitespace around keywords. PR #1063.
936 • Add support for python 3.11. PR #1070.
938 2.8.0 (2021-10-10)
940 Changes:
941 • Drop python 3.4. PR #982.
943 • E712: fix false negative with multiple comparisons. PR #987.
945 • E211: fix false positives with match. PR #989.
947 • E772: improve performance of bare except check. PR #992.
949 • Backport tokenize performance improvement from python 3.10. PR #993.
951 • E225: fix for lambdas containing positional-only args. PR #1012.
953 • Remove indent_size_str "setting". PR #995.
955 • E402: allow __all__ to be typed. PR #1019.
957 • E225: fix false positives for * in case. PR #1003.
959 • E201: detect tabs as whitespace. PR #1015.
961 2.7.0 (2021-03-14)
963 Changes:
964 • Fix physical checks (such as W191) at end of file. PR #961.
966 • Add --indent-size option (defaulting to 4). PR #970.
968 • W605: fix escaped crlf false positive on windows. PR #976.
970 2.6.0 (2020-05-11)
972 Announcements:
973 • Anthony Sottile (@asottile) joined the team as a core developer.
975 :tada:
976 Changes:
978 • E306: fix detection inside async def. PR #929.
980 • E301: fix regression disallowing decorated one-liners. PR #927.
982 • E714: fix false positive with chained is not. PR #931.
984 2.6.0a1 (2020-04-23)
986 New checks:
987 • E225: require whitespace around and in is and or. PR #847.
989 Changes:
991 • E117: fix indentation using tabs by treating as 8-space indents. PR
993 #837.
994 • E721: fix false positive with names containg istype. PR #850.
996 • E741: allow l as a named argument in a function call. PR #853.
998 • E302: fix false-negative with decorated functions. PR #859.
1000 • W504: ellipsis (...) is no longer treated as a binary operator. PR
1002 #875.
1003 • E402: allow with, if, elif, else to guard imports. PR #834.
1005 • Add support for assignment expressions := (PEP 572). PR #879.
1007 • Add support for positional-only arguments / (PEP 570). PR #872,
1009 #918.
1010 • Add support for python 3.8.
1012 • Add support for matrix multiplication operator @ (PEP 465). PR #897.
1014 • Support visual indent for continuation lines for with / assert /
1016 raise. PR #912.
1017 • E302: allow two blank lines after a block of one-liners. PR #913.
1019 • E302: allow two-and-fewer newlines at the top of the file. PR #919.
1021 2.5.0 (2019-01-29)
1023 New checks:
1024 • E117: Over-indented code blocks
1026 • W505: Maximum doc-string length only when configured with
1028 --max-doc-length
1029 Changes:
1031 • Remove support for EOL Python 2.6 and 3.3. PR #720.
1033 • Add E117 error for over-indented code blocks.
1035 • Allow W605 to be silenced by # noqa and fix the position reported by
1037 W605
1038 • Allow users to omit blank lines around one-liner definitions of
1040 classes and functions
1041 • Include the function return annotation (->) as requiring surrounding
1043 whitespace only on Python 3
1044 • Verify that only names can follow await. Previously we allowed num‐
1046 bers and strings.
1047 • Add support for Python 3.7
1049 • Fix detection of annotated argument defaults for E252
1051 • Correct the position reported by W504
1053 2.4.0 (2018-04-10)
1055 New checks:
1056 • Add W504 warning for checking that a break doesn't happen after a bi‐
1058 nary operator. This check is ignored by default. PR #502.
1059 • Add W605 warning for invalid escape sequences in string literals. PR
1061 #676.
1062 • Add W606 warning for 'async' and 'await' reserved keywords being in‐
1064 troduced in Python 3.7. PR #684.
1065 • Add E252 error for missing whitespace around equal sign in type anno‐
1067 tated function arguments with defaults values. PR #717.
1068 Changes:
1070 • An internal bisect search has replaced a linear search in order to
1072 improve efficiency. PR #648.
1073 • pycodestyle now uses PyPI trove classifiers in order to document sup‐
1075 ported python versions on PyPI. PR #654.
1076 • 'setup.cfg' '[wheel]' section has been renamed to '[bdist_wheel]', as
1078 the former is legacy. PR #653.
1079 • pycodestyle now handles very long lines much more efficiently for
1081 python 3.2+. Fixes #643. PR #644.
1082 • You can now write 'pycodestyle.StyleGuide(verbose=True)' instead of
1084 'pycodestyle.StyleGuide(verbose=True, paths=['-v'])' in order to
1085 achieve verbosity. PR #663.
1086 • The distribution of pycodestyle now includes the license text in or‐
1088 der to comply with open source licenses which require this. PR #694.
1089 • 'maximum_line_length' now ignores shebang ('#!') lines. PR #736.
1091 • Add configuration option for the allowed number of blank lines. It is
1093 implemented as a top level dictionary which can be easily overwrit‐
1094 ten. Fixes #732. PR #733.
1095 Bugs:
1097 • Prevent a 'DeprecationWarning', and a 'SyntaxError' in future python,
1099 caused by an invalid escape sequence. PR #625.
1100 • Correctly report E501 when the first line of a docstring is too long.
1102 Resolves #622. PR #630.
1103 • Support variable annotation when variable start by a keyword, such as
1105 class variable type annotations in python 3.6. PR #640.
1106 • pycodestyle internals have been changed in order to allow 'python3 -m
1108 cProfile' to report correct metrics. PR #647.
1109 • Fix a spelling mistake in the description of E722. PR #697.
1111 • 'pycodestyle --diff' now does not break if your 'gitconfig' enables
1113 'mnemonicprefix'. PR #706.
1114 2.3.1 (2017-01-31)
1116 Bugs:
1117 • Fix regression in detection of E302 and E306; #618, #620
1119 2.3.0 (2017-01-30)
1121 New Checks:
1122 • Add E722 warning for bare except clauses
1124 • Report E704 for async function definitions (async def)
1126 Bugs:
1128 • Fix another E305 false positive for variables beginning with "class"
1130 or "def"
1131 • Fix detection of multiple spaces between async and def
1133 • Fix handling of variable annotations. Stop reporting E701 on Python
1135 3.6 for variable annotations.
1136 2.2.0 (2016-11-14)
1138 Announcements:
1139 • Added Make target to obtain proper tarball file permissions; #599
1141 Bugs:
1143 • Fixed E305 regression caused by #400; #593
1145 2.1.0 (2016-11-04)
1147 Announcements:
1148 • Change all references to the pep8 project to say pycodestyle; #530
1150 Changes:
1152 • Report E302 for blank lines before an "async def"; #556
1154 • Update our list of tested and supported Python versions which are
1156 2.6, 2.7, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5 as well as the nightly Python build
1157 and PyPy.
1158 • Report E742 and E743 for functions and classes badly named 'l', 'O',
1160 or 'I'.
1161 • Report E741 on 'global' and 'nonlocal' statements, as well as prohib‐
1163 ited single-letter variables.
1164 • Deprecated use of [pep8] section name in favor of [pycodestyle]; #591
1166 • Report E722 when bare except clause is used; #579
1168 Bugs:
1170 • Fix opt_type AssertionError when using Flake8 2.6.2 and pycodestyle;
1172 #561
1173 • Require two blank lines after toplevel def, class; #536
1175 • Remove accidentally quadratic computation based on the number of
1177 colons. This will make pycodestyle faster in some cases; #314
1178 2.0.0 (2016-05-31)
1180 Announcements:
1181 • Repository renamed to pycodestyle; Issue #466 / #481.
1183 • Added joint Code of Conduct as member of PyCQA; #483
1185 Changes:
1187 • Added tox test support for Python 3.5 and pypy3
1189 • Added check E275 for whitespace on from ... import ... lines; #489 /
1191 #491
1192 • Added W503 to the list of codes ignored by default ignore list; #498
1194 • Removed use of project level .pep8 configuration file; #364
1196 Bugs:
1198 • Fixed bug with treating ~ operator as binary; #383 / #384
1200 • Identify binary operators as unary; #484 / #485
1202 1.7.0 (2016-01-12)
1204 Announcements:
1205 • Repository moved to PyCQA Organization on GitHub:
1207 https://github.com/pycqa/pep8
1208 Changes:
1210 • Reverted the fix in #368, "options passed on command line are only
1212 ones accepted" feature. This has many unintended consequences in pep8
1213 and flake8 and needs to be reworked when I have more time.
1214 • Added support for Python 3.5. (Issue #420 & #459)
1216 • Added support for multi-line config_file option parsing. (Issue #429)
1218 • Improved parameter parsing. (Issues #420 & #456)
1220 Bugs:
1222 • Fixed BytesWarning on Python 3. (Issue #459)
1224 1.6.2 (2015-02-15)
1226 Changes:
1227 • Added check for breaking around a binary operator. (Issue #197, Pull
1229 #305)
1230 Bugs:
1232 • Restored config_file parameter in process_options(). (Issue #380)
1234 1.6.1 (2015-02-08)
1236 Changes:
1237 • Assign variables before referenced. (Issue #287)
1239 Bugs:
1241 • Exception thrown due to unassigned local_dir variable. (Issue #377)
1243 1.6.0 (2015-02-06)
1245 News:
1246 • Ian Lee <ianlee1521@gmail.com> joined the project as a maintainer.
1248 Changes:
1250 • Report E731 for lambda assignment. (Issue #277)
1252 • Report E704 for one-liner def instead of E701. Do not report this
1254 error in the default configuration. (Issue #277)
1255 • Replace codes E111, E112 and E113 with codes E114, E115 and E116 for
1257 bad indentation of comments. (Issue #274)
1258 • Report E266 instead of E265 when the block comment starts with multi‐
1260 ple #. (Issue #270)
1261 • Report E402 for import statements not at the top of the file. (Issue
1263 #264)
1264 • Do not enforce whitespaces around ** operator. (Issue #292)
1266 • Strip whitespace from around paths during normalization. (Issue #339
1268 / #343)
1269 • Update --format documentation. (Issue #198 / Pull Request #310)
1271 • Add .tox/ to default excludes. (Issue #335)
1273 • Do not report E121 or E126 in the default configuration. (Issues #256
1275 / #316)
1276 • Allow spaces around the equals sign in an annotated function. (Issue
1278 #357)
1279 • Allow trailing backslash if in an inline comment. (Issue #374)
1281 • If --config is used, only that configuration is processed. Otherwise,
1283 merge the user and local configurations are merged. (Issue #368 /
1284 #369)
1285 Bug fixes:
1287 • Don't crash if Checker.build_tokens_line() returns None. (Issue #306)
1289 • Don't crash if os.path.expanduser() throws an ImportError. (Issue
1291 #297)
1292 • Missing space around keyword parameter equal not always reported,
1294 E251. (Issue #323)
1295 • Fix false positive E711/E712/E713. (Issues #330 and #336)
1297 • Do not skip physical checks if the newline is escaped. (Issue #319)
1299 • Flush sys.stdout to avoid race conditions with printing. See flake8
1301 bug: https://gitlab.com/pycqa/flake8/issues/17 for more details. (Is‐
1302 sue #363)
1303 1.5.7 (2014-05-29)
1305 Bug fixes:
1306 • Skip the traceback on "Broken pipe" signal. (Issue #275)
1308 • Do not exit when an option in setup.cfg or tox.ini is not recognized.
1310 • Check the last line even if it does not end with a newline. (Issue
1312 #286)
1313 • Always open files in universal newlines mode in Python 2. (Issue
1315 #288)
1316 1.5.6 (2014-04-14)
1318 Bug fixes:
1319 • Check the last line even if it has no end-of-line. (Issue #273)
1321 1.5.5 (2014-04-10)
1323 Bug fixes:
1324 • Fix regression with E22 checks and inline comments. (Issue #271)
1326 1.5.4 (2014-04-07)
1328 Bug fixes:
1329 • Fix negative offset with E303 before a multi-line docstring. (Issue
1331 #269)
1332 1.5.3 (2014-04-04)
1334 Bug fixes:
1335 • Fix wrong offset computation when error is on the last char of a
1337 physical line. (Issue #268)
1338 1.5.2 (2014-04-04)
1340 Changes:
1341 • Distribute a universal wheel file.
1343 Bug fixes:
1345 • Report correct line number for E303 with comments. (Issue #60)
1347 • Do not allow newline after parameter equal. (Issue #252)
1349 • Fix line number reported for multi-line strings. (Issue #220)
1351 • Fix false positive E121/E126 with multi-line strings. (Issue #265)
1353 • Fix E501 not detected in comments with Python 2.5.
1355 • Fix caret position with --show-source when line contains tabs.
1357 1.5.1 (2014-03-27)
1359 Bug fixes:
1360 • Fix a crash with E125 on multi-line strings. (Issue #263)
1362 1.5 (2014-03-26)
1364 Changes:
1365 • Report E129 instead of E125 for visually indented line with same in‐
1367 dent as next logical line. (Issue #126)
1368 • Report E265 for space before block comment. (Issue #190)
1370 • Report E713 and E714 when operators not in and is not are recom‐
1372 mended. (Issue #236)
1373 • Allow long lines in multiline strings and comments if they cannot be
1375 wrapped. (Issue #224).
1376 • Optionally disable physical line checks inside multiline strings, us‐
1378 ing # noqa. (Issue #242)
1379 • Change text for E121 to report "continuation line under-indented for
1381 hanging indent" instead of indentation not being a multiple of 4.
1382 • Report E131 instead of E121 / E126 if the hanging indent is not con‐
1384 sistent within the same continuation block. It helps when error E121
1385 or E126 is in the ignore list.
1386 • Report E126 instead of E121 when the continuation line is hanging
1388 with extra indentation, even if indentation is not a multiple of 4.
1389 Bug fixes:
1391 • Allow the checkers to report errors on empty files. (Issue #240)
1393 • Fix ignoring too many checks when --select is used with codes de‐
1395 clared in a flake8 extension. (Issue #216)
1396 • Fix regression with multiple brackets. (Issue #214)
1398 • Fix StyleGuide to parse the local configuration if the keyword argu‐
1400 ment paths is specified. (Issue #246)
1401 • Fix a false positive E124 for hanging indent. (Issue #254)
1403 • Fix a false positive E126 with embedded colon. (Issue #144)
1405 • Fix a false positive E126 when indenting with tabs. (Issue #204)
1407 • Fix behaviour when exclude is in the configuration file and the cur‐
1409 rent directory is not the project directory. (Issue #247)
1410 • The logical checks can return None instead of an empty iterator.
1412 (Issue #250)
1413 • Do not report multiple E101 if only the first indentation starts with
1415 a tab. (Issue #237)
1416 • Fix a rare false positive W602. (Issue #34)
1418 1.4.6 (2013-07-02)
1420 Changes:
1421 • Honor # noqa for errors E711 and E712. (Issue #180)
1423 • When both a tox.ini and a setup.cfg are present in the project direc‐
1425 tory, merge their contents. The tox.ini file takes precedence (same
1426 as before). (Issue #182)
1427 • Give priority to --select over --ignore. (Issue #188)
1429 • Compare full path when excluding a file. (Issue #186)
1431 • New option --hang-closing to switch to the alternative style of clos‐
1433 ing bracket indentation for hanging indent. Add error E133 for clos‐
1434 ing bracket which is missing indentation. (Issue #103)
1435 • Accept both styles of closing bracket indentation for hanging indent.
1437 Do not report error E123 in the default configuration. (Issue #103)
1438 Bug fixes:
1440 • Do not crash when running AST checks and the document contains null
1442 bytes. (Issue #184)
1443 • Correctly report other E12 errors when E123 is ignored. (Issue #103)
1445 • Fix false positive E261/E262 when the file contains a BOM. (Issue
1447 #193)
1448 • Fix E701, E702 and E703 not detected sometimes. (Issue #196)
1450 • Fix E122 not detected in some cases. (Issue #201 and #208)
1452 • Fix false positive E121 with multiple brackets. (Issue #203)
1454 1.4.5 (2013-03-06)
1456 • When no path is specified, do not try to read from stdin. The fea‐
1457 ture was added in 1.4.3, but it is not supported on Windows. Use -
1458 filename argument to read from stdin. This usage is supported since
1459 1.3.4. (Issue #170)
1460 • Do not require setuptools in setup.py. It works around an issue with
1462 pip and Python 3. (Issue #172)
1463 • Add __pycache__ to the ignore list.
1465 • Change misleading message for E251. (Issue #171)
1467 • Do not report false E302 when the source file has a coding cookie or
1469 a comment on the first line. (Issue #174)
1470 • Reorganize the tests and add tests for the API and for the command
1472 line usage and options. (Issues #161 and #162)
1473 • Ignore all checks which are not explicitly selected when select is
1475 passed to the StyleGuide constructor.
1476 1.4.4 (2013-02-24)
1478 • Report E227 or E228 instead of E225 for whitespace around bitwise,
1479 shift or modulo operators. (Issue #166)
1480 • Change the message for E226 to make clear that it is about arithmetic
1482 operators.
1483 • Fix a false positive E128 for continuation line indentation with
1485 tabs.
1486 • Fix regression with the --diff option. (Issue #169)
1488 • Fix the TestReport class to print the unexpected warnings and errors.
1490 1.4.3 (2013-02-22)
1492 • Hide the --doctest and --testsuite options when installed.
1493 • Fix crash with AST checkers when the syntax is invalid. (Issue #160)
1495 • Read from standard input if no path is specified.
1497 • Initiate a graceful shutdown on Control+C.
1499 • Allow changing the checker_class for the StyleGuide.
1501 1.4.2 (2013-02-10)
1503 • Support AST checkers provided by third-party applications.
1504 • Register new checkers with register_check(func_or_cls, codes).
1506 • Allow constructing a StyleGuide with a custom parser.
1508 • Accept visual indentation without parenthesis after the if statement.
1510 (Issue #151)
1511 • Fix UnboundLocalError when using # noqa with continued lines. (Issue
1513 #158)
1514 • Re-order the lines for the StandardReport.
1516 • Expand tabs when checking E12 continuation lines. (Issue #155)
1518 • Refactor the testing class TestReport and the specific test functions
1520 into a separate test module.
1521 1.4.1 (2013-01-18)
1523 • Allow sphinx.ext.autodoc syntax for comments. (Issue #110)
1524 • Report E703 instead of E702 for the trailing semicolon. (Issue #117)
1526 • Honor # noqa in addition to # nopep8. (Issue #149)
1528 • Expose the OptionParser factory for better extensibility.
1530 1.4 (2012-12-22)
1532 • Report E226 instead of E225 for optional whitespace around common op‐
1533 erators (*, **, /, + and -). This new error code is ignored in the
1534 default configuration because PEP 8 recommends to "use your own
1535 judgement". (Issue #96)
1536 • Lines with a # nopep8 at the end will not issue errors on line length
1538 E501 or continuation line indentation E12*. (Issue #27)
1539 • Fix AssertionError when the source file contains an invalid line end‐
1541 ing "\r\r\n". (Issue #119)
1542 • Read the [pep8] section of tox.ini or setup.cfg if present. (Issue
1544 #93 and #141)
1545 • Add the Sphinx-based documentation, and publish it on
1547 https://pycodestyle.readthedocs.io/. (Issue #105)
1548 1.3.4 (2012-12-18)
1550 • Fix false positive E124 and E128 with comments. (Issue #100)
1551 • Fix error on stdin when running with bpython. (Issue #101)
1553 • Fix false positive E401. (Issue #104)
1555 • Report E231 for nested dictionary in list. (Issue #142)
1557 • Catch E271 at the beginning of the line. (Issue #133)
1559 • Fix false positive E126 for multi-line comments. (Issue #138)
1561 • Fix false positive E221 when operator is preceded by a comma. (Issue
1563 #135)
1564 • Fix --diff failing on one-line hunk. (Issue #137)
1566 • Fix the --exclude switch for directory paths. (Issue #111)
1568 • Use - filename to read from standard input. (Issue #128)
1570 1.3.3 (2012-06-27)
1572 • Fix regression with continuation line checker. (Issue #98)
1573 1.3.2 (2012-06-26)
1575 • Revert to the previous behaviour for --show-pep8: do not imply
1576 --first. (Issue #89)
1577 • Add E902 for IO errors. (Issue #87)
1579 • Fix false positive for E121, and missed E124. (Issue #92)
1581 • Set a sensible default path for config file on Windows. (Issue #95)
1583 • Allow verbose in the configuration file. (Issue #91)
1585 • Show the enforced max-line-length in the error message. (Issue #86)
1587 1.3.1 (2012-06-18)
1589 • Explain which configuration options are expected. Accept and recom‐
1590 mend the options names with hyphen instead of underscore. (Issue #82)
1591 • Do not read the user configuration when used as a module (except if
1593 config_file=True is passed to the StyleGuide constructor).
1594 • Fix wrong or missing cases for the E12 series.
1596 • Fix cases where E122 was missed. (Issue #81)
1598 1.3 (2012-06-15)
1600 WARNING:
1601 The internal API is backwards incompatible.
1602 • Remove global configuration and refactor the library around a
1604 StyleGuide class; add the ability to configure various reporters.
1605 (Issue #35 and #66)
1606 • Read user configuration from ~/.config/pep8 and local configuration
1608 from ./.pep8. (Issue #22)
1609 • Fix E502 for backslash embedded in multi-line string. (Issue #68)
1611 • Fix E225 for Python 3 iterable unpacking (PEP 3132). (Issue #72)
1613 • Enable the new checkers from the E12 series in the default configura‐
1615 tion.
1616 • Suggest less error-prone alternatives for E712 errors.
1618 • Rewrite checkers to run faster (E22, E251, E27).
1620 • Fixed a crash when parsed code is invalid (too many closing brack‐
1622 ets).
1623 • Fix E127 and E128 for continuation line indentation. (Issue #74)
1625 • New option --format to customize the error format. (Issue #23)
1627 • New option --diff to check only modified code. The unified diff is
1629 read from STDIN. Example: hg diff | pep8 --diff (Issue #39)
1630 • Correctly report the count of failures and set the exit code to 1
1632 when the --doctest or the --testsuite fails.
1633 • Correctly detect the encoding in Python 3. (Issue #69)
1635 • Drop support for Python 2.3, 2.4 and 3.0. (Issue #78)
1637 1.2 (2012-06-01)
1639 • Add E121 through E128 for continuation line indentation. These
1640 checks are disabled by default. If you want to force all checks, use
1641 switch --select=E,W. Patch by Sam Vilain. (Issue #64)
1642 • Add E721 for direct type comparisons. (Issue #47)
1644 • Add E711 and E712 for comparisons to singletons. (Issue #46)
1646 • Fix spurious E225 and E701 for function annotations. (Issue #29)
1648 • Add E502 for explicit line join between brackets.
1650 • Fix E901 when printing source with --show-source.
1652 • Report all errors for each checker, instead of reporting only the
1654 first occurrence for each line.
1655 • Option --show-pep8 implies --first.
1657 1.1 (2012-05-24)
1659 • Add E901 for syntax errors. (Issues #63 and #30)
1660 • Add E271, E272, E273 and E274 for extraneous whitespace around key‐
1662 words. (Issue #57)
1663 • Add tox.ini configuration file for tests. (Issue #61)
1665 • Add .travis.yml configuration file for continuous integration. (Is‐
1667 sue #62)
1668 1.0.1 (2012-04-06)
1670 • Fix inconsistent version numbers.
1671 1.0 (2012-04-04)
1673 • Fix W602 raise to handle multi-char names. (Issue #53)
1674 0.7.0 (2012-03-26)
1676 • Now --first prints only the first occurrence of each error. The
1677 --repeat flag becomes obsolete because it is the default behaviour.
1678 (Issue #6)
1679 • Allow specifying --max-line-length. (Issue #36)
1681 • Make the shebang more flexible. (Issue #26)
1683 • Add testsuite to the bundle. (Issue #25)
1685 • Fixes for Jython. (Issue #49)
1687 • Add PyPI classifiers. (Issue #43)
1689 • Fix the --exclude option. (Issue #48)
1691 • Fix W602, accept raise with 3 arguments. (Issue #34)
1693 • Correctly select all tests if DEFAULT_IGNORE == ''.
1695 0.6.1 (2010-10-03)
1697 • Fix inconsistent version numbers. (Issue #21)
1698 0.6.0 (2010-09-19)
1700 • Test suite reorganized and enhanced in order to check more failures
1701 with fewer test files. Read the run_tests docstring for details
1702 about the syntax.
1703 • Fix E225: accept print >>sys.stderr, "..." syntax.
1705 • Fix E501 for lines containing multibyte encoded characters. (Issue
1707 #7)
1708 • Fix E221, E222, E223, E224 not detected in some cases. (Issue #16)
1710 • Fix E211 to reject v = dic['a'] ['b']. (Issue #17)
1712 • Exit code is always 1 if any error or warning is found. (Issue #10)
1714 • --ignore checks are now really ignored, especially in conjunction
1716 with --count. (Issue #8)
1717 • Blank lines with spaces yield W293 instead of W291: some developers
1719 want to ignore this warning and indent the blank lines to paste their
1720 code easily in the Python interpreter.
1721 • Fix E301: do not require a blank line before an indented block. (Is‐
1723 sue #14)
1724 • Fix E203 to accept NumPy slice notation a[0, :]. (Issue #13)
1726 • Performance improvements.
1728 • Fix decoding and checking non-UTF8 files in Python 3.
1730 • Fix E225: reject True+False when running on Python 3.
1732 • Fix an exception when the line starts with an operator.
1734 • Allow a new line before closing ), } or ]. (Issue #5)
1736 0.5.0 (2010-02-17)
1738 • Changed the --count switch to print to sys.stderr and set exit code
1739 to 1 if any error or warning is found.
1740 • E241 and E242 are removed from the standard checks. If you want to
1742 include these checks, use switch --select=E,W. (Issue #4)
1743 • Blank line is not mandatory before the first class method or nested
1745 function definition, even if there's a docstring. (Issue #1)
1746 • Add the switch --version.
1748 • Fix decoding errors with Python 3. (Issue #13 [1])
1750 • Add --select option which is mirror of --ignore.
1752 • Add checks E261 and E262 for spaces before inline comments.
1754 • New check W604 warns about deprecated usage of backticks.
1756 • New check W603 warns about the deprecated operator <>.
1758 • Performance improvement, due to rewriting of E225.
1760 • E225 now accepts:
1762 • no whitespace after unary operator or similar. (Issue #9 [1])
1764 • lambda function with argument unpacking or keyword defaults.
1766 • Reserve "2 blank lines" for module-level logical blocks. (E303)
1768 • Allow multi-line comments. (E302, issue #10 [1])
1770 0.4.2 (2009-10-22)
1772 • Decorators on classes and class methods are OK now.
1773 0.4 (2009-10-20)
1775 • Support for all versions of Python from 2.3 to 3.1.
1776 • New and greatly expanded self tests.
1778 • Added --count option to print the total number of errors and warn‐
1780 ings.
1781 • Further improvements to the handling of comments and blank lines.
1783 (Issue #1 [1] and others changes.)
1784 • Check all py files in directory when passed a directory (Issue #2
1786 [1]). This also prevents an exception when traversing directories
1787 with non *.py files.
1788 • E231 should allow commas to be followed by ). (Issue #3 [1])
1790 • Spaces are no longer required around the equals sign for keyword ar‐
1792 guments or default parameter values.
1793 [1] These issues refer to the previous issue tracker.
1795 0.3.1 (2009-09-14)
1797 • Fixes for comments: do not count them when checking for blank lines
1798 between items.
1799 • Added setup.py for pypi upload and easy_installability.
1801 0.2 (2007-10-16)
1803 • Loads of fixes and improvements.
1804 0.1 (2006-10-01)
1806 • First release.
1807 • Online documentation: https://pycodestyle.pycqa.org/
1809 • Source code and issue tracker: https://github.com/pycqa/pycodestyle
1811 • Index
1813 • Search Page
1815 Created by Johann C. Rocholl.
1817 Maintained by Florent Xicluna and Ian Lee.
1819 The pycodestyle library is provided under the terms and conditions of
1821 the Expat license:
1822 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
1824 # obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
1825 # (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
1826 # including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
1827 # publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
1828 # and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
1829 # subject to the following conditions:
1830 #
1831 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
1832 # included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1833 #
1834 # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
1835 # EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
1836 # MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
1837 # NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
1838 # BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
1839 # ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
1840 # CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
1841 # SOFTWARE.
1842
1844 Johann C. Rocholl, Florent Xicluna, Ian Lee
1845
1847 2006-2022, Johann C. Rocholl, Florent Xicluna, Ian Lee
18482.9 Aug 04, 2022 PYCODESTYLE(1)