1RAWSHARK(1) RAWSHARK(1)
2
6 rawshark - Dump and analyze raw pcap data
7
9 rawshark [ -d <encap:linktype>|<proto:protoname> ]
10 [ -F <field to display> ] [ -h ] [ -l ] [ -m <bytes> ] [ -n ]
11 [ -N <name resolving flags> ] [ -o <preference setting> ] ... [ -p ]
12 [ -r <pipe>|- ] [ -R <read (display) filter> ] [ -s ]
13 [ -S <field format> ] [ -t a|ad|adoy|d|dd|e|r|u|ud|udoy ] [ -v ]
14
16 Rawshark reads a stream of packets from a file or pipe, and prints a
17 line describing its output, followed by a set of matching fields for
18 each packet on stdout.
19
21 Unlike TShark, Rawshark makes no assumptions about encapsulation or
22 input. The -d and -r flags must be specified in order for it to run.
23 One or more -F flags should be specified in order for the output to be
24 useful. The other flags listed above follow the same conventions as
25 Wireshark and TShark.
26 Rawshark expects input records with the following format by default.
28 This matches the format of the packet header and packet data in a
29 pcap-formatted file on disk.
30 struct rawshark_rec_s {
32 uint32_t ts_sec; /* Time stamp (seconds) */
33 uint32_t ts_usec; /* Time stamp (microseconds) */
34 uint32_t caplen; /* Length of the packet buffer */
35 uint32_t len; /* "On the wire" length of the packet */
36 uint8_t data[caplen]; /* Packet data */
37 };
38 If -p is supplied rawshark expects the following format. This matches
40 the struct pcap_pkthdr structure and packet data used in libpcap,
41 Npcap, or WinPcap. This structure’s format is platform-dependent; the
42 size of the tv_sec field in the struct timeval structure could be 32
43 bits or 64 bits. For rawshark to work, the layout of the structure in
44 the input must match the layout of the structure in rawshark. Note that
45 this format will probably be the same as the previous format if
46 rawshark is a 32-bit program, but will not necessarily be the same if
47 rawshark is a 64-bit program.
48 struct rawshark_rec_s {
50 struct timeval ts; /* Time stamp */
51 uint32_t caplen; /* Length of the packet buffer */
52 uint32_t len; /* "On the wire" length of the packet */
53 uint8_t data[caplen]; /* Packet data */
54 };
55 In either case, the endianness (byte ordering) of each integer must
57 match the system on which rawshark is running.
58
60 If one or more fields are specified via the -F flag, Rawshark prints
61 the number, field type, and display format for each field on the first
62 line as "packet number" 0. For each record, the packet number, matching
63 fields, and a "1" or "0" are printed to indicate if the field matched
64 any supplied display filter. A "-" is used to signal the end of a field
65 description and at the end of each packet line. For example, the flags
66 -F ip.src -F dns.qry.type might generate the following output:
67 0 FT_IPv4 BASE_NONE - 1 FT_UINT16 BASE_HEX -
69 1 1="1" 0="192.168.77.10" 1 -
70 2 1="1" 0="192.168.77.250" 1 -
71 3 0="192.168.77.10" 1 -
72 4 0="74.125.19.104" 1 -
73 Note that packets 1 and 2 are DNS queries, and 3 and 4 are not. Adding
75 -R "not dns" still prints each line, but there’s an indication that
76 packets 1 and 2 didn’t pass the filter:
77 0 FT_IPv4 BASE_NONE - 1 FT_UINT16 BASE_HEX -
79 1 1="1" 0="192.168.77.10" 0 -
80 2 1="1" 0="192.168.77.250" 0 -
81 3 0="192.168.77.10" 1 -
82 4 0="74.125.19.104" 1 -
83 Also note that the output may be in any order, and that multiple
85 matching fields might be displayed.
86
88 -d <encapsulation>
89 Specify how the packet data should be dissected. The encapsulation
91 is of the form type:value, where type is one of:
92 encap:name Packet data should be dissected using the
94 libpcap/Npcap/WinPcap data link type (DLT) name, e.g. encap:EN10MB
95 for Ethernet. Names are converted using
96 pcap_datalink_name_to_val(). A complete list of DLTs can be found
97 at https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes.html.
98 encap:number Packet data should be dissected using the
100 libpcap/Npcap/WinPcap LINKTYPE_ number, e.g. encap:105 for raw IEEE
101 802.11 or encap:101 for raw IP.
102 proto:protocol Packet data should be passed to the specified
104 Wireshark protocol dissector, e.g. proto:http for HTTP data.
105 -F <field to display>
107 Add the matching field to the output. Fields are any valid display
109 filter field. More than one -F flag may be specified, and each
110 field can match multiple times in a given packet. A single field
111 may be specified per -F flag. If you want to apply a display
112 filter, use the -R flag.
113 -h
115 Print the version and options and exits.
117 -l
119 Flush the standard output after the information for each packet is
121 printed. (This is not, strictly speaking, line-buffered if -V was
122 specified; however, it is the same as line-buffered if -V wasn’t
123 specified, as only one line is printed for each packet, and, as -l
124 is normally used when piping a live capture to a program or script,
125 so that output for a packet shows up as soon as the packet is seen
126 and dissected, it should work just as well as true line-buffering.
127 We do this as a workaround for a deficiency in the Microsoft Visual
128 C++ C library.)
129 This may be useful when piping the output of TShark to another
131 program, as it means that the program to which the output is piped
132 will see the dissected data for a packet as soon as TShark sees the
133 packet and generates that output, rather than seeing it only when
134 the standard output buffer containing that data fills up.
135 -m <memory limit bytes>
137 Limit rawshark’s memory usage to the specified number of bytes.
139 POSIX (non-Windows) only.
140 -n
142 Disable network object name resolution (such as hostname, TCP and
144 UDP port names), the -N flag might override this one.
145 -N <name resolving flags>
147 Turn on name resolving only for particular types of addresses and
149 port numbers, with name resolving for other types of addresses and
150 port numbers turned off. This flag overrides -n if both -N and -n
151 are present. If both -N and -n flags are not present, all name
152 resolutions are turned on.
153 The argument is a string that may contain the letters:
155 m to enable MAC address resolution
157 n to enable network address resolution
159 N to enable using external resolvers (e.g., DNS) for network
161 address resolution
162 t to enable transport-layer port number resolution
164 d to enable resolution from captured DNS packets
166 v to enable VLAN IDs to names resolution
168 -o <preference>:<value>
170 Set a preference value, overriding the default value and any value
172 read from a preference file. The argument to the option is a string
173 of the form prefname:value, where prefname is the name of the
174 preference (which is the same name that would appear in the
175 preference file), and value is the value to which it should be set.
176 -p
178 Assume that packet data is preceded by a pcap_pkthdr struct as
180 defined in pcap.h. On some systems the size of the timestamp data
181 will be different from the data written to disk. On other systems
182 they are identical and this flag has no effect.
183 -r <pipe>|-
185 Read packet data from input source. It can be either the name of a
187 FIFO (named pipe) or ``-'' to read data from the standard input,
188 and must have the record format specified above.
189 If you are sending data to rawshark from a parent process on
191 Windows you should not close rawshark’s standard input handle
192 prematurely, otherwise the C runtime might trigger an exception.
193 -R <read (display) filter>
195 Cause the specified filter (which uses the syntax of read/display
197 filters, rather than that of capture filters) to be applied before
198 printing the output.
199 -s
201 Allows standard pcap files to be used as input, by skipping over
203 the 24 byte pcap file header.
204 -S
206 Use the specified format string to print each field. The following
208 formats are supported:
209 %D Field name or description, e.g. "Type" for dns.qry.type
211 %N Base 10 numeric value of the field.
213 %S String value of the field.
215 For something similar to Wireshark’s standard display ("Type: A
217 (1)") you could use %D: %S (%N).
218 -t a|ad|adoy|d|dd|e|r|u|ud|udoy
220 Set the format of the packet timestamp printed in summary lines.
222 The format can be one of:
223 a absolute: The absolute time, as local time in your time zone, is
225 the actual time the packet was captured, with no date displayed
226 ad absolute with date: The absolute date, displayed as YYYY-MM-DD,
228 and time, as local time in your time zone, is the actual time and
229 date the packet was captured
230 adoy absolute with date using day of year: The absolute date,
232 displayed as YYYY/DOY, and time, as local time in your time zone,
233 is the actual time and date the packet was captured
234 d delta: The delta time is the time since the previous packet was
236 captured
237 dd delta_displayed: The delta_displayed time is the time since the
239 previous displayed packet was captured
240 e epoch: The time in seconds since epoch (Jan 1, 1970 00:00:00)
242 r relative: The relative time is the time elapsed between the first
244 packet and the current packet
245 u UTC: The absolute time, as UTC, is the actual time the packet was
247 captured, with no date displayed
248 ud UTC with date: The absolute date, displayed as YYYY-MM-DD, and
250 time, as UTC, is the actual time and date the packet was captured
251 udoy UTC with date using day of year: The absolute date, displayed
253 as YYYY/DOY, and time, as UTC, is the actual time and date the
254 packet was captured
255 The default format is relative.
257 -v
259 Print the version and exit.
261
263 --log-level <level>
264 Set the active log level. Supported levels in lowest to highest
265 order are "noisy", "debug", "info", "message", "warning",
266 "critical", and "error". Messages at each level and higher will be
267 printed, for example "warning" prints "warning", "critical", and
268 "error" messages and "noisy" prints all messages. Levels are case
269 insensitive.
270 --log-fatal <level>
272 Abort the program if any messages are logged at the specified level
273 or higher. For example, "warning" aborts on any "warning",
274 "critical", or "error" messages.
275 --log-domains <list>
277 Only print messages for the specified log domains, e.g.
278 "GUI,Epan,sshdump". List of domains must be comma-separated.
279 --log-debug <list>
281 Force the specified domains to log at the "debug" level. List of
282 domains must be comma-separated.
283 --log-noisy <list>
285 Force the specified domains to log at the "noisy" level. List of
286 domains must be comma-separated.
287 --log-file <path>
289 Write log messages and stderr output to the specified file.
290
292 For a complete table of protocol and protocol fields that are
293 filterable in TShark see the wireshark-filter(4) manual page.
294
296 These files contains various Wireshark configuration values.
297 Preferences
299 The preferences files contain global (system-wide) and personal
301 preference settings. If the system-wide preference file exists, it
302 is read first, overriding the default settings. If the personal
303 preferences file exists, it is read next, overriding any previous
304 values. Note: If the command line option -o is used (possibly more
305 than once), it will in turn override values from the preferences
306 files.
307 The preferences settings are in the form prefname:value, one per
309 line, where prefname is the name of the preference and value is the
310 value to which it should be set; white space is allowed between :
311 and value. A preference setting can be continued on subsequent
312 lines by indenting the continuation lines with white space. A #
313 character starts a comment that runs to the end of the line:
314 # Capture in promiscuous mode?
316 # TRUE or FALSE (case-insensitive).
317 capture.prom_mode: TRUE
318 The global preferences file is looked for in the wireshark
320 directory under the share subdirectory of the main installation
321 directory (for example, /usr/local/share/wireshark/preferences) on
322 UNIX-compatible systems, and in the main installation directory
323 (for example, C:\Program Files\Wireshark\preferences) on Windows
324 systems.
325 The personal preferences file is looked for in
327 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark/preferences (or, if
328 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark does not exist while $HOME/.wireshark is
329 present, $HOME/.wireshark/preferences) on UNIX-compatible systems
330 and %APPDATA%\Wireshark\preferences (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t
331 defined, %USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Wireshark\preferences) on
332 Windows systems.
333 Disabled (Enabled) Protocols
335 The disabled_protos files contain system-wide and personal lists of
337 protocols that have been disabled, so that their dissectors are
338 never called. The files contain protocol names, one per line, where
339 the protocol name is the same name that would be used in a display
340 filter for the protocol:
341 http
343 tcp # a comment
344 The global disabled_protos file uses the same directory as the
346 global preferences file.
347 The personal disabled_protos file uses the same directory as the
349 personal preferences file.
350 Name Resolution (hosts)
352 If the personal hosts file exists, it is used to resolve IPv4 and
354 IPv6 addresses before any other attempts are made to resolve them.
355 The file has the standard hosts file syntax; each line contains one
356 IP address and name, separated by whitespace. The same directory as
357 for the personal preferences file is used.
358 Capture filter name resolution is handled by libpcap on
360 UNIX-compatible systems and Npcap or WinPcap on Windows. As such
361 the Wireshark personal hosts file will not be consulted for capture
362 filter name resolution.
363 Name Resolution (subnets)
365 If an IPv4 address cannot be translated via name resolution (no
367 exact match is found) then a partial match is attempted via the
368 subnets file.
369 Each line of this file consists of an IPv4 address, a subnet mask
371 length separated only by a / and a name separated by whitespace.
372 While the address must be a full IPv4 address, any values beyond
373 the mask length are subsequently ignored.
374 An example is:
376 # Comments must be prepended by the # sign! 192.168.0.0/24
378 ws_test_network
379 A partially matched name will be printed as
381 "subnet-name.remaining-address". For example, "192.168.0.1" under
382 the subnet above would be printed as "ws_test_network.1"; if the
383 mask length above had been 16 rather than 24, the printed address
384 would be ``ws_test_network.0.1".
385 Name Resolution (ethers)
387 The ethers files are consulted to correlate 6-byte hardware
389 addresses to names. First the personal ethers file is tried and if
390 an address is not found there the global ethers file is tried next.
391 Each line contains one hardware address and name, separated by
393 whitespace. The digits of the hardware address are separated by
394 colons (:), dashes (-) or periods (.). The same separator character
395 must be used consistently in an address. The following three lines
396 are valid lines of an ethers file:
397 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Broadcast
399 c0-00-ff-ff-ff-ff TR_broadcast
400 00.00.00.00.00.00 Zero_broadcast
401 The global ethers file is looked for in the /etc directory on
403 UNIX-compatible systems, and in the main installation directory
404 (for example, C:\Program Files\Wireshark) on Windows systems.
405 The personal ethers file is looked for in the same directory as the
407 personal preferences file.
408 Capture filter name resolution is handled by libpcap on
410 UNIX-compatible systems and Npcap or WinPcap on Windows. As such
411 the Wireshark personal ethers file will not be consulted for
412 capture filter name resolution.
413 Name Resolution (manuf)
415 The manuf file is used to match the 3-byte vendor portion of a
417 6-byte hardware address with the manufacturer’s name; it can also
418 contain well-known MAC addresses and address ranges specified with
419 a netmask. The format of the file is the same as the ethers files,
420 except that entries of the form:
421 00:00:0C Cisco
423 can be provided, with the 3-byte OUI and the name for a vendor, and
425 entries such as:
426 00-00-0C-07-AC/40 All-HSRP-routers
428 can be specified, with a MAC address and a mask indicating how many
430 bits of the address must match. The above entry, for example, has
431 40 significant bits, or 5 bytes, and would match addresses from
432 00-00-0C-07-AC-00 through 00-00-0C-07-AC-FF. The mask need not be a
433 multiple of 8.
434 The manuf file is looked for in the same directory as the global
436 preferences file.
437 Name Resolution (services)
439 The services file is used to translate port numbers into names.
441 The file has the standard services file syntax; each line contains
443 one (service) name and one transport identifier separated by white
444 space. The transport identifier includes one port number and one
445 transport protocol name (typically tcp, udp, or sctp) separated by
446 a /.
447 An example is:
449 mydns 5045/udp # My own Domain Name Server
451 mydns 5045/tcp # My own Domain Name Server
452 Name Resolution (ipxnets)
454 The ipxnets files are used to correlate 4-byte IPX network numbers
456 to names. First the global ipxnets file is tried and if that
457 address is not found there the personal one is tried next.
458 The format is the same as the ethers file, except that each address
460 is four bytes instead of six. Additionally, the address can be
461 represented as a single hexadecimal number, as is more common in
462 the IPX world, rather than four hex octets. For example, these four
463 lines are valid lines of an ipxnets file:
464 C0.A8.2C.00 HR
466 c0-a8-1c-00 CEO
467 00:00:BE:EF IT_Server1
468 110f FileServer3
469 The global ipxnets file is looked for in the /etc directory on
471 UNIX-compatible systems, and in the main installation directory
472 (for example, C:\Program Files\Wireshark) on Windows systems.
473 The personal ipxnets file is looked for in the same directory as
475 the personal preferences file.
476
478 WIRESHARK_CONFIG_DIR
479 This environment variable overrides the location of personal
481 configuration files. It defaults to $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark (or
482 $HOME/.wireshark if the former is missing while the latter exists).
483 On Windows, %APPDATA%\Wireshark is used instead. Available since
484 Wireshark 3.0.
485 WIRESHARK_DEBUG_WMEM_OVERRIDE
487 Setting this environment variable forces the wmem framework to use
489 the specified allocator backend for all allocations, regardless of
490 which backend is normally specified by the code. This is mainly
491 useful to developers when testing or debugging. See README.wmem in
492 the source distribution for details.
493 WIRESHARK_RUN_FROM_BUILD_DIRECTORY
495 This environment variable causes the plugins and other data files
497 to be loaded from the build directory (where the program was
498 compiled) rather than from the standard locations. It has no effect
499 when the program in question is running with root (or setuid)
500 permissions on *NIX.
501 WIRESHARK_DATA_DIR
503 This environment variable causes the various data files to be
505 loaded from a directory other than the standard locations. It has
506 no effect when the program in question is running with root (or
507 setuid) permissions on *NIX.
508 ERF_RECORDS_TO_CHECK
510 This environment variable controls the number of ERF records
512 checked when deciding if a file really is in the ERF format.
513 Setting this environment variable a number higher than the default
514 (20) would make false positives less likely.
515 IPFIX_RECORDS_TO_CHECK
517 This environment variable controls the number of IPFIX records
519 checked when deciding if a file really is in the IPFIX format.
520 Setting this environment variable a number higher than the default
521 (20) would make false positives less likely.
522 WIRESHARK_ABORT_ON_DISSECTOR_BUG
524 If this environment variable is set, Rawshark will call abort(3)
526 when a dissector bug is encountered. abort(3) will cause the
527 program to exit abnormally; if you are running Rawshark in a
528 debugger, it should halt in the debugger and allow inspection of
529 the process, and, if you are not running it in a debugger, it will,
530 on some OSes, assuming your environment is configured correctly,
531 generate a core dump file. This can be useful to developers
532 attempting to troubleshoot a problem with a protocol dissector.
533 WIRESHARK_ABORT_ON_TOO_MANY_ITEMS
535 If this environment variable is set, Rawshark will call abort(3) if
537 a dissector tries to add too many items to a tree (generally this
538 is an indication of the dissector not breaking out of a loop soon
539 enough). abort(3) will cause the program to exit abnormally; if you
540 are running Rawshark in a debugger, it should halt in the debugger
541 and allow inspection of the process, and, if you are not running it
542 in a debugger, it will, on some OSes, assuming your environment is
543 configured correctly, generate a core dump file. This can be useful
544 to developers attempting to troubleshoot a problem with a protocol
545 dissector.
546
548 wireshark-filter(4), wireshark(1), tshark(1), editcap(1), pcap(3),
549 dumpcap(1), text2pcap(1), pcap-filter(7) or tcpdump(8)
550
552 This is the manual page for Rawshark 4.0.2. Rawshark is part of the
553 Wireshark distribution. The latest version of Wireshark can be found at
554 https://www.wireshark.org.
555 HTML versions of the Wireshark project man pages are available at
557 https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages.
558
560 Rawshark uses the same packet dissection code that Wireshark does, as
561 well as using many other modules from Wireshark; see the list of
562 authors in the Wireshark man page for a list of authors of that code.
563 2022-12-08 RAWSHARK(1)