1GETADDRINFO_A(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual          GETADDRINFO_A(3)
2
3
4

NAME

6       getaddrinfo_a,  gai_suspend,  gai_error, gai_cancel - asynchronous net‐
7       work address and service translation
8

SYNOPSIS

10       #define _GNU_SOURCE         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
11       #include <netdb.h>
12
13       int getaddrinfo_a(int mode, struct gaicb *list[restrict],
14                         int nitems, struct sigevent *restrict sevp);
15       int gai_suspend(const struct gaicb *const list[], int nitems,
16                         const struct timespec *timeout);
17
18       int gai_error(struct gaicb *req);
19       int gai_cancel(struct gaicb *req);
20
21       Link with -lanl.
22

DESCRIPTION

24       The getaddrinfo_a() function performs the same task as  getaddrinfo(3),
25       but  allows multiple name look-ups to be performed asynchronously, with
26       optional notification on completion of look-up operations.
27
28       The mode argument has one of the following values:
29
30       GAI_WAIT
31              Perform the look-ups synchronously.  The call blocks  until  the
32              look-ups have completed.
33
34       GAI_NOWAIT
35              Perform  the  look-ups asynchronously.  The call returns immedi‐
36              ately, and the requests are resolved in the background.  See the
37              discussion of the sevp argument below.
38
39       The  array  list specifies the look-up requests to process.  The nitems
40       argument specifies the number of elements in list.  The requested look-
41       up  operations  are started in parallel.  NULL elements in list are ig‐
42       nored.  Each request is described by a gaicb structure, defined as fol‐
43       lows:
44
45           struct gaicb {
46               const char            *ar_name;
47               const char            *ar_service;
48               const struct addrinfo *ar_request;
49               struct addrinfo       *ar_result;
50           };
51
52       The  elements  of  this structure correspond to the arguments of getad‐
53       drinfo(3).  Thus, ar_name corresponds to the node argument and  ar_ser‐
54       vice  to  the service argument, identifying an Internet host and a ser‐
55       vice.  The ar_request element corresponds to the hints argument, speci‐
56       fying  the  criteria  for  selecting the returned socket address struc‐
57       tures.  Finally, ar_result corresponds to the res argument; you do  not
58       need  to initialize this element, it will be automatically set when the
59       request is resolved.  The addrinfo structure referenced by the last two
60       elements is described in getaddrinfo(3).
61
62       When  mode is specified as GAI_NOWAIT, notifications about resolved re‐
63       quests can be obtained by employing the sigevent structure  pointed  to
64       by  the  sevp argument.  For the definition and general details of this
65       structure, see sigevent(7).  The sevp->sigev_notify field can have  the
66       following values:
67
68       SIGEV_NONE
69              Don't provide any notification.
70
71       SIGEV_SIGNAL
72              When  a  look-up  completes, generate the signal sigev_signo for
73              the process.  See sigevent(7) for general details.  The  si_code
74              field of the siginfo_t structure will be set to SI_ASYNCNL.
75
76       SIGEV_THREAD
77              When  a look-up completes, invoke sigev_notify_function as if it
78              were the start function of a new thread.   See  sigevent(7)  for
79              details.
80
81       For   SIGEV_SIGNAL   and  SIGEV_THREAD,  it  may  be  useful  to  point
82       sevp->sigev_value.sival_ptr to list.
83
84       The gai_suspend() function suspends execution of  the  calling  thread,
85       waiting  for  the completion of one or more requests in the array list.
86       The nitems argument specifies the size of the  array  list.   The  call
87       blocks until one of the following occurs:
88
89       *  One or more of the operations in list completes.
90
91       *  The call is interrupted by a signal that is caught.
92
93       *  The time interval specified in timeout elapses.  This argument spec‐
94          ifies a timeout in seconds plus nanoseconds  (see  nanosleep(2)  for
95          details  of  the  timespec structure).  If timeout is NULL, then the
96          call blocks indefinitely (until one of the events above occurs).
97
98       No explicit indication of which request was  completed  is  given;  you
99       must  determine  which  request(s)  have  completed  by  iterating with
100       gai_error() over the list of requests.
101
102       The gai_error() function returns the status of the request req:  either
103       EAI_INPROGRESS  if  the request was not completed yet, 0 if it was han‐
104       dled successfully, or an error code if the request  could  not  be  re‐
105       solved.
106
107       The  gai_cancel() function cancels the request req.  If the request has
108       been canceled successfully, the error status of the request will be set
109       to EAI_CANCELED and normal asynchronous notification will be performed.
110       The request cannot be canceled if it is currently being  processed;  in
111       that case, it will be handled as if gai_cancel() has never been called.
112       If req is NULL, an attempt is made to cancel all  outstanding  requests
113       that the process has made.
114

RETURN VALUE

116       The getaddrinfo_a() function returns 0 if all of the requests have been
117       enqueued successfully, or one of the following nonzero error codes:
118
119       EAI_AGAIN
120              The resources necessary to enqueue the look-up requests were not
121              available.   The  application may check the error status of each
122              request to determine which ones failed.
123
124       EAI_MEMORY
125              Out of memory.
126
127       EAI_SYSTEM
128              mode is invalid.
129
130       The gai_suspend() function returns 0 if at least one of the listed  re‐
131       quests  has been completed.  Otherwise, it returns one of the following
132       nonzero error codes:
133
134       EAI_AGAIN
135              The given timeout expired before any of the  requests  could  be
136              completed.
137
138       EAI_ALLDONE
139              There were no actual requests given to the function.
140
141       EAI_INTR
142              A signal has interrupted the function.  Note that this interrup‐
143              tion might have been caused by signal notification of some  com‐
144              pleted look-up request.
145
146       The  gai_error()  function  can return EAI_INPROGRESS for an unfinished
147       look-up request, 0 for a successfully completed look-up  (as  described
148       above),  one  of  the  error  codes  that  could  be returned by getad‐
149       drinfo(3), or the error code EAI_CANCELED if the request has been  can‐
150       celed explicitly before it could be finished.
151
152       The gai_cancel() function can return one of these values:
153
154       EAI_CANCELED
155              The request has been canceled successfully.
156
157       EAI_NOTCANCELED
158              The request has not been canceled.
159
160       EAI_ALLDONE
161              The request has already completed.
162
163       The  gai_strerror(3)  function  translates these error codes to a human
164       readable string, suitable for error reporting.
165

ATTRIBUTES

167       For an  explanation  of  the  terms  used  in  this  section,  see  at‐
168       tributes(7).
169
170       ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐
171Interface                                   Attribute     Value   
172       ├────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤
173getaddrinfo_a(), gai_suspend(),             │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
174gai_error(), gai_cancel()                   │               │         │
175       └────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘
176

CONFORMING TO

178       These functions are GNU extensions; they first  appeared  in  glibc  in
179       version 2.2.3.
180

NOTES

182       The  interface  of  getaddrinfo_a() was modeled after the lio_listio(3)
183       interface.
184

EXAMPLES

186       Two examples are provided: a simple example that resolves  several  re‐
187       quests in parallel synchronously, and a complex example showing some of
188       the asynchronous capabilities.
189
190   Synchronous example
191       The program below simply resolves several hostnames in parallel, giving
192       a  speed-up  compared  to  resolving  the  hostnames sequentially using
193       getaddrinfo(3).  The program might be used like this:
194
195           $ ./a.out ftp.us.kernel.org enoent.linuxfoundation.org gnu.cz
196           ftp.us.kernel.org: 128.30.2.36
197           enoent.linuxfoundation.org: Name or service not known
198           gnu.cz: 87.236.197.13
199
200       Here is the program source code
201
202       #define _GNU_SOURCE
203       #include <netdb.h>
204       #include <stdio.h>
205       #include <stdlib.h>
206       #include <string.h>
207
208       int
209       main(int argc, char *argv[])
210       {
211           int ret;
212           struct gaicb *reqs[argc - 1];
213           char host[NI_MAXHOST];
214           struct addrinfo *res;
215
216           if (argc < 2) {
217               fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s HOST...\n", argv[0]);
218               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
219           }
220
221           for (int i = 0; i < argc - 1; i++) {
222               reqs[i] = malloc(sizeof(*reqs[0]));
223               if (reqs[i] == NULL) {
224                   perror("malloc");
225                   exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
226               }
227               memset(reqs[i], 0, sizeof(*reqs[0]));
228               reqs[i]->ar_name = argv[i + 1];
229           }
230
231           ret = getaddrinfo_a(GAI_WAIT, reqs, argc - 1, NULL);
232           if (ret != 0) {
233               fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo_a() failed: %s\n",
234                       gai_strerror(ret));
235               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
236           }
237
238           for (int i = 0; i < argc - 1; i++) {
239               printf("%s: ", reqs[i]->ar_name);
240               ret = gai_error(reqs[i]);
241               if (ret == 0) {
242                   res = reqs[i]->ar_result;
243
244                   ret = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
245                           host, sizeof(host),
246                           NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
247                   if (ret != 0) {
248                       fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo() failed: %s\n",
249                               gai_strerror(ret));
250                       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
251                   }
252                   puts(host);
253
254               } else {
255                   puts(gai_strerror(ret));
256               }
257           }
258           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
259       }
260
261   Asynchronous example
262       This example shows a simple interactive getaddrinfo_a() front-end.  The
263       notification facility is not demonstrated.
264
265       An example session might look like this:
266
267           $ ./a.out
268           > a ftp.us.kernel.org enoent.linuxfoundation.org gnu.cz
269           > c 2
270           [2] gnu.cz: Request not canceled
271           > w 0 1
272           [00] ftp.us.kernel.org: Finished
273           > l
274           [00] ftp.us.kernel.org: 216.165.129.139
275           [01] enoent.linuxfoundation.org: Processing request in progress
276           [02] gnu.cz: 87.236.197.13
277           > l
278           [00] ftp.us.kernel.org: 216.165.129.139
279           [01] enoent.linuxfoundation.org: Name or service not known
280           [02] gnu.cz: 87.236.197.13
281
282       The program source is as follows:
283
284       #define _GNU_SOURCE
285       #include <netdb.h>
286       #include <stdio.h>
287       #include <stdlib.h>
288       #include <string.h>
289
290       static struct gaicb **reqs = NULL;
291       static int nreqs = 0;
292
293       static char *
294       getcmd(void)
295       {
296           static char buf[256];
297
298           fputs("> ", stdout); fflush(stdout);
299           if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
300               return NULL;
301
302           if (buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == '\n')
303               buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = 0;
304
305           return buf;
306       }
307
308       /* Add requests for specified hostnames. */
309       static void
310       add_requests(void)
311       {
312           int nreqs_base = nreqs;
313           char *host;
314           int ret;
315
316           while ((host = strtok(NULL, " "))) {
317               nreqs++;
318               reqs = realloc(reqs, sizeof(reqs[0]) * nreqs);
319
320               reqs[nreqs - 1] = calloc(1, sizeof(*reqs[0]));
321               reqs[nreqs - 1]->ar_name = strdup(host);
322           }
323
324           /* Queue nreqs_base..nreqs requests. */
325
326           ret = getaddrinfo_a(GAI_NOWAIT, &reqs[nreqs_base],
327                               nreqs - nreqs_base, NULL);
328           if (ret) {
329               fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo_a() failed: %s\n",
330                       gai_strerror(ret));
331               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
332           }
333       }
334
335       /* Wait until at least one of specified requests completes. */
336       static void
337       wait_requests(void)
338       {
339           char *id;
340           int ret, n;
341           struct gaicb const **wait_reqs = calloc(nreqs, sizeof(*wait_reqs));
342                       /* NULL elements are ignored by gai_suspend(). */
343
344           while ((id = strtok(NULL, " ")) != NULL) {
345               n = atoi(id);
346
347               if (n >= nreqs) {
348                   printf("Bad request number: %s\n", id);
349                   return;
350               }
351
352               wait_reqs[n] = reqs[n];
353           }
354
355           ret = gai_suspend(wait_reqs, nreqs, NULL);
356           if (ret) {
357               printf("gai_suspend(): %s\n", gai_strerror(ret));
358               return;
359           }
360
361           for (int i = 0; i < nreqs; i++) {
362               if (wait_reqs[i] == NULL)
363                   continue;
364
365               ret = gai_error(reqs[i]);
366               if (ret == EAI_INPROGRESS)
367                   continue;
368
369               printf("[%02d] %s: %s\n", i, reqs[i]->ar_name,
370                      ret == 0 ? "Finished" : gai_strerror(ret));
371           }
372       }
373
374       /* Cancel specified requests. */
375       static void
376       cancel_requests(void)
377       {
378           char *id;
379           int ret, n;
380
381           while ((id = strtok(NULL, " ")) != NULL) {
382               n = atoi(id);
383
384               if (n >= nreqs) {
385                   printf("Bad request number: %s\n", id);
386                   return;
387               }
388
389               ret = gai_cancel(reqs[n]);
390               printf("[%s] %s: %s\n", id, reqs[atoi(id)]->ar_name,
391                      gai_strerror(ret));
392           }
393       }
394
395       /* List all requests. */
396       static void
397       list_requests(void)
398       {
399           int ret;
400           char host[NI_MAXHOST];
401           struct addrinfo *res;
402
403           for (int i = 0; i < nreqs; i++) {
404               printf("[%02d] %s: ", i, reqs[i]->ar_name);
405               ret = gai_error(reqs[i]);
406
407               if (!ret) {
408                   res = reqs[i]->ar_result;
409
410                   ret = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
411                                     host, sizeof(host),
412                                     NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
413                   if (ret) {
414                       fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo() failed: %s\n",
415                               gai_strerror(ret));
416                       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
417                   }
418                   puts(host);
419               } else {
420                   puts(gai_strerror(ret));
421               }
422           }
423       }
424
425       int
426       main(int argc, char *argv[])
427       {
428           char *cmdline;
429           char *cmd;
430
431           while ((cmdline = getcmd()) != NULL) {
432               cmd = strtok(cmdline, " ");
433
434               if (cmd == NULL) {
435                   list_requests();
436               } else {
437                   switch (cmd[0]) {
438                   case 'a':
439                       add_requests();
440                       break;
441                   case 'w':
442                       wait_requests();
443                       break;
444                   case 'c':
445                       cancel_requests();
446                       break;
447                   case 'l':
448                       list_requests();
449                       break;
450                   default:
451                       fprintf(stderr, "Bad command: %c\n", cmd[0]);
452                       break;
453                   }
454               }
455           }
456           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
457       }
458

SEE ALSO

460       getaddrinfo(3), inet(3), lio_listio(3), hostname(7), ip(7), sigevent(7)
461

COLOPHON

463       This  page  is  part of release 5.13 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
464       description of the project, information about reporting bugs,  and  the
465       latest     version     of     this    page,    can    be    found    at
466       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
467
468
469
470GNU                               2021-03-22                  GETADDRINFO_A(3)
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