1DES_RANDOM_KEY(3ossl)               OpenSSL              DES_RANDOM_KEY(3ossl)
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NAME

6       DES_random_key, DES_set_key, DES_key_sched, DES_set_key_checked,
7       DES_set_key_unchecked, DES_set_odd_parity, DES_is_weak_key,
8       DES_ecb_encrypt, DES_ecb2_encrypt, DES_ecb3_encrypt, DES_ncbc_encrypt,
9       DES_cfb_encrypt, DES_ofb_encrypt, DES_pcbc_encrypt, DES_cfb64_encrypt,
10       DES_ofb64_encrypt, DES_xcbc_encrypt, DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt,
11       DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt, DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt, DES_ede3_cbc_encrypt,
12       DES_ede3_cfb64_encrypt, DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt, DES_cbc_cksum,
13       DES_quad_cksum, DES_string_to_key, DES_string_to_2keys, DES_fcrypt,
14       DES_crypt - DES encryption
15

SYNOPSIS

17        #include <openssl/des.h>
18
19       The following functions have been deprecated since OpenSSL 3.0, and can
20       be hidden entirely by defining OPENSSL_API_COMPAT with a suitable
21       version value, see openssl_user_macros(7):
22
23        void DES_random_key(DES_cblock *ret);
24
25        int DES_set_key(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
26        int DES_key_sched(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
27        int DES_set_key_checked(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
28        void DES_set_key_unchecked(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
29
30        void DES_set_odd_parity(DES_cblock *key);
31        int DES_is_weak_key(const_DES_cblock *key);
32
33        void DES_ecb_encrypt(const_DES_cblock *input, DES_cblock *output,
34                             DES_key_schedule *ks, int enc);
35        void DES_ecb2_encrypt(const_DES_cblock *input, DES_cblock *output,
36                              DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2, int enc);
37        void DES_ecb3_encrypt(const_DES_cblock *input, DES_cblock *output,
38                              DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2,
39                              DES_key_schedule *ks3, int enc);
40
41        void DES_ncbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
42                              long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
43                              int enc);
44        void DES_cfb_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
45                             int numbits, long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule,
46                             DES_cblock *ivec, int enc);
47        void DES_ofb_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
48                             int numbits, long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule,
49                             DES_cblock *ivec);
50        void DES_pcbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
51                              long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
52                              int enc);
53        void DES_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
54                               long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
55                               int *num, int enc);
56        void DES_ofb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
57                               long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
58                               int *num);
59
60        void DES_xcbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
61                              long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
62                              const_DES_cblock *inw, const_DES_cblock *outw, int enc);
63
64        void DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
65                                  long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
66                                  DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_cblock *ivec, int enc);
67        void DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
68                                    long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
69                                    DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_cblock *ivec,
70                                    int *num, int enc);
71        void DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
72                                    long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
73                                    DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_cblock *ivec, int *num);
74
75        void DES_ede3_cbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
76                                  long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
77                                  DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_key_schedule *ks3,
78                                  DES_cblock *ivec, int enc);
79        void DES_ede3_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
80                                    long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
81                                    DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_key_schedule *ks3,
82                                    DES_cblock *ivec, int *num, int enc);
83        void DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
84                                    long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
85                                    DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_key_schedule *ks3,
86                                    DES_cblock *ivec, int *num);
87
88        DES_LONG DES_cbc_cksum(const unsigned char *input, DES_cblock *output,
89                               long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule,
90                               const_DES_cblock *ivec);
91        DES_LONG DES_quad_cksum(const unsigned char *input, DES_cblock output[],
92                                long length, int out_count, DES_cblock *seed);
93        void DES_string_to_key(const char *str, DES_cblock *key);
94        void DES_string_to_2keys(const char *str, DES_cblock *key1, DES_cblock *key2);
95
96        char *DES_fcrypt(const char *buf, const char *salt, char *ret);
97        char *DES_crypt(const char *buf, const char *salt);
98

DESCRIPTION

100       All of the functions described on this page are deprecated.
101       Applications should instead use EVP_EncryptInit_ex(3),
102       EVP_EncryptUpdate(3) and EVP_EncryptFinal_ex(3) or the equivalently
103       named decrypt functions.
104
105       This library contains a fast implementation of the DES encryption
106       algorithm.
107
108       There are two phases to the use of DES encryption.  The first is the
109       generation of a DES_key_schedule from a key, the second is the actual
110       encryption.  A DES key is of type DES_cblock. This type consists of 8
111       bytes with odd parity.  The least significant bit in each byte is the
112       parity bit.  The key schedule is an expanded form of the key; it is
113       used to speed the encryption process.
114
115       DES_random_key() generates a random key.  The random generator must be
116       seeded when calling this function.  If the automatic seeding or
117       reseeding of the OpenSSL CSPRNG fails due to external circumstances
118       (see RAND(7)), the operation will fail.  If the function fails, 0 is
119       returned.
120
121       Before a DES key can be used, it must be converted into the
122       architecture dependent DES_key_schedule via the DES_set_key_checked()
123       or DES_set_key_unchecked() function.
124
125       DES_set_key_checked() will check that the key passed is of odd parity
126       and is not a weak or semi-weak key.  If the parity is wrong, then -1 is
127       returned.  If the key is a weak key, then -2 is returned.  If an error
128       is returned, the key schedule is not generated.
129
130       DES_set_key() works like DES_set_key_checked() and remains for backward
131       compatibility.
132
133       DES_set_odd_parity() sets the parity of the passed key to odd.
134
135       DES_is_weak_key() returns 1 if the passed key is a weak key, 0 if it is
136       ok.
137
138       The following routines mostly operate on an input and output stream of
139       DES_cblocks.
140
141       DES_ecb_encrypt() is the basic DES encryption routine that encrypts or
142       decrypts a single 8-byte DES_cblock in electronic code book (ECB) mode.
143       It always transforms the input data, pointed to by input, into the
144       output data, pointed to by the output argument.  If the encrypt
145       argument is nonzero (DES_ENCRYPT), the input (cleartext) is encrypted
146       in to the output (ciphertext) using the key_schedule specified by the
147       schedule argument, previously set via DES_set_key. If encrypt is zero
148       (DES_DECRYPT), the input (now ciphertext) is decrypted into the output
149       (now cleartext).  Input and output may overlap.  DES_ecb_encrypt() does
150       not return a value.
151
152       DES_ecb3_encrypt() encrypts/decrypts the input block by using three-key
153       Triple-DES encryption in ECB mode.  This involves encrypting the input
154       with ks1, decrypting with the key schedule ks2, and then encrypting
155       with ks3.  This routine greatly reduces the chances of brute force
156       breaking of DES and has the advantage of if ks1, ks2 and ks3 are the
157       same, it is equivalent to just encryption using ECB mode and ks1 as the
158       key.
159
160       The macro DES_ecb2_encrypt() is provided to perform two-key Triple-DES
161       encryption by using ks1 for the final encryption.
162
163       DES_ncbc_encrypt() encrypts/decrypts using the cipher-block-chaining
164       (CBC) mode of DES.  If the encrypt argument is nonzero, the routine
165       cipher-block-chain encrypts the cleartext data pointed to by the input
166       argument into the ciphertext pointed to by the output argument, using
167       the key schedule provided by the schedule argument, and initialization
168       vector provided by the ivec argument.  If the length argument is not an
169       integral multiple of eight bytes, the last block is copied to a
170       temporary area and zero filled.  The output is always an integral
171       multiple of eight bytes.
172
173       DES_xcbc_encrypt() is RSA's DESX mode of DES.  It uses inw and outw to
174       'whiten' the encryption.  inw and outw are secret (unlike the iv) and
175       are as such, part of the key.  So the key is sort of 24 bytes.  This is
176       much better than CBC DES.
177
178       DES_ede3_cbc_encrypt() implements outer triple CBC DES encryption with
179       three keys. This means that each DES operation inside the CBC mode is
180       "C=E(ks3,D(ks2,E(ks1,M)))".  This mode is used by SSL.
181
182       The DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt() macro implements two-key Triple-DES by
183       reusing ks1 for the final encryption.  "C=E(ks1,D(ks2,E(ks1,M)))".
184       This form of Triple-DES is used by the RSAREF library.
185
186       DES_pcbc_encrypt() encrypts/decrypts using the propagating cipher block
187       chaining mode used by Kerberos v4. Its parameters are the same as
188       DES_ncbc_encrypt().
189
190       DES_cfb_encrypt() encrypts/decrypts using cipher feedback mode.  This
191       method takes an array of characters as input and outputs an array of
192       characters.  It does not require any padding to 8 character groups.
193       Note: the ivec variable is changed and the new changed value needs to
194       be passed to the next call to this function.  Since this function runs
195       a complete DES ECB encryption per numbits, this function is only
196       suggested for use when sending a small number of characters.
197
198       DES_cfb64_encrypt() implements CFB mode of DES with 64-bit feedback.
199       Why is this useful you ask?  Because this routine will allow you to
200       encrypt an arbitrary number of bytes, without 8 byte padding.  Each
201       call to this routine will encrypt the input bytes to output and then
202       update ivec and num.  num contains 'how far' we are though ivec.  If
203       this does not make much sense, read more about CFB mode of DES.
204
205       DES_ede3_cfb64_encrypt() and DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt() is the same as
206       DES_cfb64_encrypt() except that Triple-DES is used.
207
208       DES_ofb_encrypt() encrypts using output feedback mode.  This method
209       takes an array of characters as input and outputs an array of
210       characters.  It does not require any padding to 8 character groups.
211       Note: the ivec variable is changed and the new changed value needs to
212       be passed to the next call to this function.  Since this function runs
213       a complete DES ECB encryption per numbits, this function is only
214       suggested for use when sending a small number of characters.
215
216       DES_ofb64_encrypt() is the same as DES_cfb64_encrypt() using Output
217       Feed Back mode.
218
219       DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt() and DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt() is the same as
220       DES_ofb64_encrypt(), using Triple-DES.
221
222       The following functions are included in the DES library for
223       compatibility with the MIT Kerberos library.
224
225       DES_cbc_cksum() produces an 8 byte checksum based on the input stream
226       (via CBC encryption).  The last 4 bytes of the checksum are returned
227       and the complete 8 bytes are placed in output. This function is used by
228       Kerberos v4.  Other applications should use EVP_DigestInit(3) etc.
229       instead.
230
231       DES_quad_cksum() is a Kerberos v4 function.  It returns a 4 byte
232       checksum from the input bytes.  The algorithm can be iterated over the
233       input, depending on out_count, 1, 2, 3 or 4 times.  If output is non-
234       NULL, the 8 bytes generated by each pass are written into output.
235
236       The following are DES-based transformations:
237
238       DES_fcrypt() is a fast version of the Unix crypt(3) function.  This
239       version takes only a small amount of space relative to other fast
240       crypt() implementations.  This is different to the normal crypt() in
241       that the third parameter is the buffer that the return value is written
242       into.  It needs to be at least 14 bytes long.  This function is thread
243       safe, unlike the normal crypt().
244
245       DES_crypt() is a faster replacement for the normal system crypt().
246       This function calls DES_fcrypt() with a static array passed as the
247       third parameter.  This mostly emulates the normal non-thread-safe
248       semantics of crypt(3).  The salt must be two ASCII characters.
249
250       The values returned by DES_fcrypt() and DES_crypt() are terminated by
251       NUL character.
252
253       DES_enc_write() writes len bytes to file descriptor fd from buffer buf.
254       The data is encrypted via pcbc_encrypt (default) using sched for the
255       key and iv as a starting vector.  The actual data send down fd consists
256       of 4 bytes (in network byte order) containing the length of the
257       following encrypted data.  The encrypted data then follows, padded with
258       random data out to a multiple of 8 bytes.
259

BUGS

261       DES_cbc_encrypt() does not modify ivec; use DES_ncbc_encrypt() instead.
262
263       DES_cfb_encrypt() and DES_ofb_encrypt() operates on input of 8 bits.
264       What this means is that if you set numbits to 12, and length to 2, the
265       first 12 bits will come from the 1st input byte and the low half of the
266       second input byte.  The second 12 bits will have the low 8 bits taken
267       from the 3rd input byte and the top 4 bits taken from the 4th input
268       byte.  The same holds for output.  This function has been implemented
269       this way because most people will be using a multiple of 8 and because
270       once you get into pulling bytes input bytes apart things get ugly!
271
272       DES_string_to_key() is available for backward compatibility with the
273       MIT library.  New applications should use a cryptographic hash
274       function.  The same applies for DES_string_to_2key().
275

NOTES

277       The des library was written to be source code compatible with the MIT
278       Kerberos library.
279
280       Applications should use the higher level functions EVP_EncryptInit(3)
281       etc. instead of calling these functions directly.
282
283       Single-key DES is insecure due to its short key size.  ECB mode is not
284       suitable for most applications; see des_modes(7).
285

RETURN VALUES

287       DES_set_key(), DES_key_sched(), DES_set_key_checked() and
288       DES_is_weak_key() return 0 on success or negative values on error.
289
290       DES_cbc_cksum() and DES_quad_cksum() return 4-byte integer representing
291       the last 4 bytes of the checksum of the input.
292
293       DES_fcrypt() returns a pointer to the caller-provided buffer and
294       DES_crypt() - to a static buffer on success; otherwise they return
295       NULL.
296

SEE ALSO

298       des_modes(7), EVP_EncryptInit(3)
299

HISTORY

301       All of these functions were deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
302
303       The requirement that the salt parameter to DES_crypt() and DES_fcrypt()
304       be two ASCII characters was first enforced in OpenSSL 1.1.0.  Previous
305       versions tried to use the letter uppercase A if both character were not
306       present, and could crash when given non-ASCII on some platforms.
307
309       Copyright 2000-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
310
311       Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License").  You may not use
312       this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
313       in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
314       <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
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3183.0.5                             2022-11-01             DES_RANDOM_KEY(3ossl)
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