1TMPFILES.D(5) tmpfiles.d TMPFILES.D(5)
2
6 tmpfiles.d - Configuration for creation, deletion and cleaning of
7 volatile and temporary files
8
10 /etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf
11 /run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf
12 /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf
13 ~/.config/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf
16 $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf
17 ~/.local/share/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf
18 ...
19 /usr/share/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf
20 #Type Path Mode User Group Age Argument
24 f /file/to/create mode user group - content
25 f+ /file/to/create-or-truncate mode user group - content
26 w /file/to/write-to - - - - content
27 w+ /file/to/append-to - - - - content
28 d /directory/to/create-and-cleanup mode user group cleanup-age -
29 D /directory/to/create-and-remove mode user group cleanup-age -
30 e /directory/to/cleanup mode user group cleanup-age -
31 v /subvolume-or-directory/to/create mode user group cleanup-age -
32 q /subvolume-or-directory/to/create mode user group cleanup-age -
33 Q /subvolume-or-directory/to/create mode user group cleanup-age -
34 p /fifo/to/create mode user group - -
35 p+ /fifo/to/[re]create mode user group - -
36 L /symlink/to/create - - - - symlink/target/path
37 L+ /symlink/to/[re]create - - - - symlink/target/path
38 c /dev/char-device-to-create mode user group - major:minor
39 c+ /dev/char-device-to-[re]create mode user group - major:minor
40 b /dev/block-device-to-create mode user group - major:minor
41 b+ /dev/block-device-to-[re]create mode user group - major:minor
42 C /target/to/create - - - cleanup-age /source/to/copy
43 x /path-or-glob/to/ignore/recursively - - - cleanup-age -
44 X /path-or-glob/to/ignore - - - cleanup-age -
45 r /empty/dir/to/remove - - - - -
46 R /dir/to/remove/recursively - - - - -
47 z /path-or-glob/to/adjust/mode mode user group - -
48 Z /path-or-glob/to/adjust/mode/recursively mode user group - -
49 t /path-or-glob/to/set/xattrs - - - - xattrs
50 T /path-or-glob/to/set/xattrs/recursively - - - - xattrs
51 h /path-or-glob/to/set/attrs - - - - file attrs
52 H /path-or-glob/to/set/attrs/recursively - - - - file attrs
53 a /path-or-glob/to/set/acls - - - - POSIX ACLs
54 a+ /path-or-glob/to/append/acls - - - - POSIX ACLs
55 A /path-or-glob/to/set/acls/recursively - - - - POSIX ACLs
56 A+ /path-or-glob/to/append/acls/recursively - - - - POSIX ACLs
57
60 tmpfiles.d configuration files provide a generic mechanism to define
61 the creation of regular files, directories, pipes, and device nodes,
62 adjustments to their access mode, ownership, attributes, quota
63 assignments, and contents, and finally their time-based removal. It is
64 mostly commonly used for volatile and temporary files and directories
65 (such as those located under /run/, /tmp/, /var/tmp/, the API file
66 systems such as /sys/ or /proc/, as well as some other directories
67 below /var/).
68 systemd-tmpfiles uses this configuration to create volatile files and
70 directories during boot and to do periodic cleanup afterwards. See
71 systemd-tmpfiles(5) for the description of
72 systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service, systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service, and
73 associated units.
74 System daemons frequently require private runtime directories below
76 /run/ to store communication sockets and similar. For these, it is
77 better to use RuntimeDirectory= in their unit files (see
78 systemd.exec(5) for details), if the flexibility provided by tmpfiles.d
79 is not required. The advantages are that the configuration required by
80 the unit is centralized in one place, and that the lifetime of the
81 directory is tied to the lifetime of the service itself. Similarly,
82 StateDirectory=, CacheDirectory=, LogsDirectory=, and
83 ConfigurationDirectory= should be used to create directories under
84 /var/lib/, /var/cache/, /var/log/, and /etc/. tmpfiles.d should be
85 used for files whose lifetime is independent of any service or requires
86 more complicated configuration.
87
89 Each configuration file shall be named in the style of package.conf or
90 package-part.conf. The second variant should be used when it is
91 desirable to make it easy to override just this part of configuration.
92 Files in /etc/tmpfiles.d override files with the same name in
94 /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d and /run/tmpfiles.d. Files in /run/tmpfiles.d
95 override files with the same name in /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d. Packages
96 should install their configuration files in /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d. Files
97 in /etc/tmpfiles.d are reserved for the local administrator, who may
98 use this logic to override the configuration files installed by vendor
99 packages. All configuration files are sorted by their filename in
100 lexicographic order, regardless of which of the directories they reside
101 in. If multiple files specify the same path, the entry in the file with
102 the lexicographically earliest name will be applied (note that lines
103 suppressed due to the "!" are filtered before application, meaning
104 that if an early line carries the exclamation mark and is suppressed
105 because of that, a later line matching in path will be applied). All
106 other conflicting entries will be logged as errors. When two lines are
107 prefix path and suffix path of each other, then the prefix line is
108 always created first, the suffix later (and if removal applies to the
109 line, the order is reversed: the suffix is removed first, the prefix
110 later). Lines that take globs are applied after those accepting no
111 globs. If multiple operations shall be applied on the same file (such
112 as ACL, xattr, file attribute adjustments), these are always done in
113 the same fixed order. Except for those cases, the files/directories are
114 processed in the order they are listed.
115 If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file supplied by
117 the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink to /dev/null in
118 /etc/tmpfiles.d/ bearing the same filename.
119
121 The configuration format is one line per path, containing type, path,
122 mode, ownership, age, and argument fields. The lines are separated by
123 newlines, the fields by whitespace:
124 #Type Path Mode User Group Age Argument...
126 d /run/user 0755 root root 10d -
127 L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
128 Fields may contain C-style escapes. With the exception of the seventh
130 field (the "argument") all fields may be enclosed in quotes. Note that
131 any whitespace found in the line after the beginning of the argument
132 field will be considered part of the argument field. To begin the
133 argument field with a whitespace character, use C-style escapes (e.g.
134 "\x20").
135 Type
137 The type consists of a single letter and optionally an exclamation mark
138 ("!") minus sign ("-"), and/or equals sign ("=").
139 The following line types are understood:
141 f, f+
143 f will create a file if it does not exist yet. If the argument
144 parameter is given and the file did not exist yet, it will be
145 written to the file. f+ will create or truncate the file. If the
146 argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file. Does
147 not follow symlinks.
148 w, w+
150 Write the argument parameter to a file, if the file exists. If
151 suffixed with +, the line will be appended to the file. If your
152 configuration writes multiple lines to the same file, use w+. Lines
153 of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
154 names. The argument parameter will be written without a trailing
155 newline. C-style backslash escapes are interpreted. Follows
156 symlinks.
157 d
159 Create a directory. The mode and ownership will be adjusted if
160 specified. Contents of this directory are subject to time based
161 cleanup if the age argument is specified.
162 D
164 Similar to d, but in addition the contents of the directory will be
165 removed when --remove is used.
166 e
168 Adjust the mode and ownership of existing directories and remove
169 their contents based on age. Lines of this type accept shell-style
170 globs in place of normal path names. Contents of the directories
171 are subject to time based cleanup if the age argument is specified.
172 If the age argument is "0", contents will be unconditionally
173 deleted every time systemd-tmpfiles --clean is run.
174 For this entry to be useful, at least one of the mode, user, group,
176 or age arguments must be specified, since otherwise this entry has
177 no effect. As an exception, an entry with no effect may be useful
178 when combined with !, see the examples.
179 v
181 Create a subvolume if the path does not exist yet, the file system
182 supports subvolumes (btrfs), and the system itself is installed
183 into a subvolume (specifically: the root directory / is itself a
184 subvolume). Otherwise, create a normal directory, in the same way
185 as d.
186 A subvolume created with this line type is not assigned to any
188 higher-level quota group. For that, use q or Q, which allow
189 creating simple quota group hierarchies, see below.
190 q
192 Create a subvolume or directory the same as v, but assign the
193 subvolume to the same higher-level quota groups as the parent. This
194 ensures that higher-level limits and accounting applied to the
195 parent subvolume also include the specified subvolume. On non-btrfs
196 file systems, this line type is identical to d.
197 If the subvolume already exists, no change to the quota hierarchy
199 is made, regardless of whether the subvolume is already attached to
200 a quota group or not. Also see Q below. See btrfs-qgroup(8) for
201 details about the btrfs quota group concept.
202 Q
204 Create the subvolume or directory the same as v, but assign the new
205 subvolume to a new leaf quota group. Instead of copying the
206 higher-level quota group assignments from the parent as is done
207 with q, the lowest quota group of the parent subvolume is
208 determined that is not the leaf quota group. Then, an
209 "intermediary" quota group is inserted that is one level below this
210 level, and shares the same ID part as the specified subvolume. If
211 no higher-level quota group exists for the parent subvolume, a new
212 quota group at level 255 sharing the same ID as the specified
213 subvolume is inserted instead. This new intermediary quota group is
214 then assigned to the parent subvolume's higher-level quota groups,
215 and the specified subvolume's leaf quota group is assigned to it.
216 Effectively, this has a similar effect as q, however introduces a
218 new higher-level quota group for the specified subvolume that may
219 be used to enforce limits and accounting to the specified subvolume
220 and children subvolume created within it. Thus, by creating
221 subvolumes only via q and Q, a concept of "subtree quotas" is
222 implemented. Each subvolume for which Q is set will get a "subtree"
223 quota group created, and all child subvolumes created within it
224 will be assigned to it. Each subvolume for which q is set will not
225 get such a "subtree" quota group, but it is ensured that they are
226 added to the same "subtree" quota group as their immediate parents.
227 It is recommended to use Q for subvolumes that typically contain
229 further subvolumes, and where it is desirable to have accounting
230 and quota limits on all child subvolumes together. Examples for Q
231 are typically /home/ or /var/lib/machines/. In contrast, q should
232 be used for subvolumes that either usually do not include further
233 subvolumes or where no accounting and quota limits are needed that
234 apply to all child subvolumes together. Examples for q are
235 typically /var/ or /var/tmp/.
236 As with q, Q has no effect on the quota group hierarchy if the
238 subvolume already exists, regardless of whether the subvolume
239 already belong to a quota group or not.
240 p, p+
242 Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not exist yet. If suffixed
243 with + and a file already exists where the pipe is to be created,
244 it will be removed and be replaced by the pipe.
245 L, L+
247 Create a symlink if it does not exist yet. If suffixed with + and a
248 file or directory already exists where the symlink is to be
249 created, it will be removed and be replaced by the symlink. If the
250 argument is omitted, symlinks to files with the same name residing
251 in the directory /usr/share/factory/ are created. Note that
252 permissions and ownership on symlinks are ignored.
253 c, c+
255 Create a character device node if it does not exist yet. If
256 suffixed with + and a file already exists where the device node is
257 to be created, it will be removed and be replaced by the device
258 node. It is recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation
259 mark to only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not
260 manage static device nodes that are created at runtime.
261 b, b+
263 Create a block device node if it does not exist yet. If suffixed
264 with + and a file already exists where the device node is to be
265 created, it will be removed and be replaced by the device node. It
266 is recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation mark to
267 only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not manage
268 static device nodes that are created at runtime.
269 C
271 Recursively copy a file or directory, if the destination files or
272 directories do not exist yet or the destination directory is empty.
273 Note that this command will not descend into subdirectories if the
274 destination directory already exists and is not empty. Instead, the
275 entire copy operation is skipped. If the argument is omitted, files
276 from the source directory /usr/share/factory/ with the same name
277 are copied. Does not follow symlinks. Contents of the directories
278 are subject to time based cleanup if the age argument is specified.
279 x
281 Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type to exclude paths from
282 clean-up as controlled with the Age parameter. Note that lines of
283 this type do not influence the effect of r or R lines. Lines of
284 this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
285 X
287 Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type to exclude paths from
288 clean-up as controlled with the Age parameter. Unlike x, this
289 parameter will not exclude the content if path is a directory, but
290 only directory itself. Note that lines of this type do not
291 influence the effect of r or R lines. Lines of this type accept
292 shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
293 r
295 Remove a file or directory if it exists. This may not be used to
296 remove non-empty directories, use R for that. Lines of this type
297 accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names. Does not
298 follow symlinks.
299 R
301 Recursively remove a path and all its subdirectories (if it is a
302 directory). Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of
303 normal path names. Does not follow symlinks.
304 z
306 Adjust the access mode, user and group ownership, and restore the
307 SELinux security context of a file or directory, if it exists.
308 Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
309 names. Does not follow symlinks.
310 Z
312 Recursively set the access mode, user and group ownership, and
313 restore the SELinux security context of a file or directory if it
314 exists, as well as of its subdirectories and the files contained
315 therein (if applicable). Lines of this type accept shell-style
316 globs in place of normal path names. Does not follow symlinks.
317 t
319 Set extended attributes, see attr(5) for details. The argument
320 field should take one or more assignment expressions in the form
321 namespace.attribute=value, for examples see below. Lines of this
322 type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names. This
323 can be useful for setting SMACK labels. Does not follow symlinks.
324 Please note that extended attributes settable with this line type
326 are a different concept from the Linux file attributes settable
327 with h/H, see below.
328 T
330 Same as t, but operates recursively.
331 h
333 Set Linux file/directory attributes. Lines of this type accept
334 shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
335 The format of the argument field is [+-=][aAcCdDeijPsStTu]. The
337 prefix + (the default one) causes the attribute(s) to be added; -
338 causes the attribute(s) to be removed; = causes the attributes to
339 be set exactly as the following letters. The letters
340 "aAcCdDeijPsStTu" select the new attributes for the files, see
341 chattr(1) for further information.
342 Passing only = as argument resets all the file attributes listed
344 above. It has to be pointed out that the = prefix limits itself to
345 the attributes corresponding to the letters listed here. All other
346 attributes will be left untouched. Does not follow symlinks.
347 Please note that the Linux file attributes settable with this line
349 type are a different concept from the extended attributes settable
350 with t/T, see above.
351 H
353 Sames as h, but operates recursively.
354 a, a+
356 Set POSIX ACLs (access control lists), see acl(5). If suffixed with
357 +, the specified entries will be added to the existing set.
358 systemd-tmpfiles will automatically add the required base entries
359 for user and group based on the access mode of the file, unless
360 base entries already exist or are explicitly specified. The mask
361 will be added if not specified explicitly or already present. Lines
362 of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
363 names. This can be useful for allowing additional access to certain
364 files. Does not follow symlinks.
365 A, A+
367 Same as a and a+, but recursive. Does not follow symlinks.
368 If the exclamation mark ("!") is used, this line is only safe to
370 execute during boot, and can break a running system. Lines without the
371 exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to execute at any time, e.g.
372 on package upgrades. systemd-tmpfiles will take lines with an
373 exclamation mark only into consideration, if the --boot option is
374 given.
375 For example:
377 # Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can
379 d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d
380 # Unlink the X11 lock files
382 r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock
383 The second line in contrast to the first one would break a running
385 system, and will only be executed with --boot.
386 If the minus sign ("-") is used, this line failing to run successfully
388 during create (and only create) will not cause the execution of
389 systemd-tmpfiles to return an error.
390 For example:
392 # Modify sysfs but don't fail if we are in a container with a read-only /proc
394 w- /proc/sys/vm/swappiness - - - - 10
395 If the equals sign ("=") is used, the file types of existing objects in
397 the specified path are checked, and removed if they do not match. This
398 includes any implicitly created parent directories (which can be either
399 directories or directory symlinks). For example, if there is a FIFO in
400 place of one of the parent path components it will be replaced with a
401 directory.
402 Note that for all line types that result in creation of any kind of
404 file node (i.e. f/F, d/D/v/q/Q, p, L, c/b and C) leading directories
405 are implicitly created if needed, owned by root with an access mode of
406 0755. In order to create them with different modes or ownership make
407 sure to add appropriate d lines.
408 Path
410 The file system path specification supports simple specifier expansion,
411 see below. The path (after expansion) must be absolute.
412 Mode
414 The file access mode to use when creating this file or directory. If
415 omitted or when set to "-", the default is used: 0755 for directories,
416 0644 for all other file objects. For z, Z lines, if omitted or when set
417 to "-", the file access mode will not be modified. This parameter is
418 ignored for x, r, R, L, t, and a lines.
419 Optionally, if prefixed with "~", the access mode is masked based on
421 the already set access bits for existing file or directories: if the
422 existing file has all executable bits unset, all executable bits are
423 removed from the new access mode, too. Similarly, if all read bits are
424 removed from the old access mode, they will be removed from the new
425 access mode too, and if all write bits are removed, they will be
426 removed from the new access mode too. In addition, the sticky/SUID/SGID
427 bit is removed unless applied to a directory. This functionality is
428 particularly useful in conjunction with Z.
429 User, Group
431 The user and group to use for this file or directory. This may either
432 be a numeric ID or a user/group name. If omitted or when set to "-",
433 the user and group of the user who invokes systemd-tmpfiles is used.
434 For z and Z lines, when omitted or when set to "-", the file ownership
435 will not be modified. These parameters are ignored for x, r, R, L, t,
436 and a lines.
437 This field should generally only reference system users/groups, i.e.
439 users/groups that are guaranteed to be resolvable during early boot. If
440 this field references users/groups that only become resolveable during
441 later boot (i.e. after NIS, LDAP or a similar networked directory
442 service become available), execution of the operations declared by the
443 line will likely fail. Also see Notes on Resolvability of User and
444 Group Names[1] for more information on requirements on system
445 user/group definitions.
446 Age
448 The date field, when set, is used to decide what files to delete when
449 cleaning. If a file or directory is older than the current time minus
450 the age field, it is deleted. The field format is a series of integers
451 each followed by one of the following suffixes for the respective time
452 units: s, m or min, h, d, w, ms, and us, meaning seconds, minutes,
453 hours, days, weeks, milliseconds, and microseconds, respectively. Full
454 names of the time units can be used too.
455 If multiple integers and units are specified, the time values are
457 summed. If an integer is given without a unit, s is assumed.
458 When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned unconditionally.
460 The age field only applies to lines starting with d, D, e, v, q, Q, C,
462 x and X. If omitted or set to "-", no automatic clean-up is done.
463 If the age field starts with a tilde character "~", clean-up is only
465 applied to files and directories one level inside the directory
466 specified, but not the files and directories immediately inside it.
467 The age of a file system entry is determined from its last modification
469 timestamp (mtime), its last access timestamp (atime), and (except for
470 directories) its last status change timestamp (ctime). By default, any
471 of these three (or two) values will prevent cleanup if it is more
472 recent than the current time minus the age field. To restrict the
473 deletion based on particular type of file timestamps, the age-by
474 argument can be used.
475 The age-by argument overrides the timestamp types to be used for the
477 age check. It can be specified by prefixing the age argument with a
478 sequence of characters to specify the timestamp types and a colon
479 (":"): "age-by...:cleanup-age". The argument can consist of a (A for
480 directories), b (B for directories), c (C for directories), or m (M for
481 directories). Those respectively indicate access, creation, last status
482 change, and last modification time of a file system entry. The
483 lower-case letter signifies that the given timestamp type should be
484 considered for files, while the upper-case letter signifies that the
485 given timestamp type should be considered for directories. See statx(2)
486 file timestamp fields for more details about timestamp types.
487 If not specified, the age-by field defaults to abcmABM, i.e. by default
489 all file timestamps are taken into consideration, with the exception of
490 the last status change timestamp (ctime) for directories. This is
491 because the aging logic itself will alter the ctime whenever it deletes
492 a file inside it. To ensure that running the aging logic does not feed
493 back into the next iteration of itself, ctime for directories is
494 ignored by default.
495 For example:
497 # Files created and modified, and directories accessed more than
499 # an hour ago in "/tmp/foo/bar", are subject to time-based cleanup.
500 d /tmp/foo/bar - - - - bmA:1h -
501 Note that while the aging algorithm is run a 'shared' BSD file lock
503 (see flock(2)) is taken on each directory the algorithm descends into
504 (and each directory below that, and so on). If the aging algorithm
505 finds a lock is already taken on some directory, it (and everything
506 below it) is skipped. Applications may use this to temporarily exclude
507 certain directory subtrees from the aging algorithm: the applications
508 can take a BSD file lock themselves, and as long as they keep it aging
509 of the directory and everything below it is disabled.
510 Argument
512 For L lines determines the destination path of the symlink. For c and
513 b, determines the major/minor of the device node, with major and minor
514 formatted as integers, separated by ":", e.g. "1:3". For f, F, and w,
515 the argument may be used to specify a short string that is written to
516 the file, suffixed by a newline. For C, specifies the source file or
517 directory. For t and T, determines extended attributes to be set. For a
518 and A, determines ACL attributes to be set. For h and H, determines the
519 file attributes to set. Ignored for all other lines.
520 This field can contain specifiers, see below.
522
524 Specifiers can be used in the "path" and "argument" fields. An unknown
525 or unresolvable specifier is treated as invalid configuration. The
526 following expansions are understood:
527 Table 1. Specifiers available
529 ┌──────────┬─────────────────────┬────────────────────────┐
530 │Specifier │ Meaning │ Details │
531 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
532 │"%a" │ Architecture │ A short string │
533 │ │ │ identifying the │
534 │ │ │ architecture of the │
535 │ │ │ local system. A │
536 │ │ │ string such as x86, │
537 │ │ │ x86-64 or arm64. │
538 │ │ │ See the │
539 │ │ │ architectures │
540 │ │ │ defined for │
541 │ │ │ ConditionArchitecture= │
542 │ │ │ in systemd.unit(5) │
543 │ │ │ for a full list. │
544 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
545 │"%A" │ Operating system │ The operating system │
546 │ │ image version │ image version │
547 │ │ │ identifier of the │
548 │ │ │ running system, as │
549 │ │ │ read from the │
550 │ │ │ IMAGE_VERSION= field │
551 │ │ │ of /etc/os-release. If │
552 │ │ │ not set, resolves to │
553 │ │ │ an empty string. See │
554 │ │ │ os-release(5) for more │
555 │ │ │ information. │
556 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
557 │"%b" │ Boot ID │ The boot ID of the │
558 │ │ │ running system, │
559 │ │ │ formatted as string. │
560 │ │ │ See random(4) for more │
561 │ │ │ information. │
562 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
563 │"%B" │ Operating system │ The operating system │
564 │ │ build ID │ build identifier of │
565 │ │ │ the running system, as │
566 │ │ │ read from the │
567 │ │ │ BUILD_ID= field of │
568 │ │ │ /etc/os-release. If │
569 │ │ │ not set, resolves to │
570 │ │ │ an empty string. See │
571 │ │ │ os-release(5) for more │
572 │ │ │ information. │
573 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
574 │"%C" │ System or user │ In --user mode, this │
575 │ │ cache directory │ is the same as │
576 │ │ │ $XDG_CACHE_HOME, and │
577 │ │ │ /var/cache otherwise. │
578 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
579 │"%g" │ User group │ This is the name of │
580 │ │ │ the group running the │
581 │ │ │ command. In case of │
582 │ │ │ the system instance │
583 │ │ │ this resolves to │
584 │ │ │ "root". │
585 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
586 │"%G" │ User GID │ This is the numeric │
587 │ │ │ GID of the group │
588 │ │ │ running the command. │
589 │ │ │ In case of the system │
590 │ │ │ instance this resolves │
591 │ │ │ to 0. │
592 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
593 │"%h" │ User home directory │ This is the home │
594 │ │ │ directory of the user │
595 │ │ │ running the command. │
596 │ │ │ In case of the system │
597 │ │ │ instance this resolves │
598 │ │ │ to "/root". │
599 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
600 │"%H" │ Host name │ The hostname of the │
601 │ │ │ running system. │
602 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
603 │"%l" │ Short host name │ The hostname of the │
604 │ │ │ running system, │
605 │ │ │ truncated at the first │
606 │ │ │ dot to remove any │
607 │ │ │ domain component. │
608 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
609 │"%L" │ System or user log │ In --user mode, this │
610 │ │ directory │ is the same as │
611 │ │ │ $XDG_CONFIG_HOME with │
612 │ │ │ /log appended, and │
613 │ │ │ /var/log otherwise. │
614 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
615 │"%m" │ Machine ID │ The machine ID of the │
616 │ │ │ running system, │
617 │ │ │ formatted as string. │
618 │ │ │ See machine-id(5) for │
619 │ │ │ more information. │
620 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
621 │"%M" │ Operating system │ The operating system │
622 │ │ image identifier │ image identifier of │
623 │ │ │ the running system, as │
624 │ │ │ read from the │
625 │ │ │ IMAGE_ID= field of │
626 │ │ │ /etc/os-release. If │
627 │ │ │ not set, resolves to │
628 │ │ │ an empty string. See │
629 │ │ │ os-release(5) for more │
630 │ │ │ information. │
631 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
632 │"%o" │ Operating system ID │ The operating system │
633 │ │ │ identifier of the │
634 │ │ │ running system, as │
635 │ │ │ read from the ID= │
636 │ │ │ field of │
637 │ │ │ /etc/os-release. See │
638 │ │ │ os-release(5) for more │
639 │ │ │ information. │
640 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
641 │"%S" │ System or user │ In --user mode, this │
642 │ │ state directory │ is the same as │
643 │ │ │ $XDG_CONFIG_HOME, and │
644 │ │ │ /var/lib otherwise. │
645 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
646 │"%t" │ System or user │ In --user mode, this │
647 │ │ runtime directory │ is the same │
648 │ │ │ $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR, and │
649 │ │ │ /run/ otherwise. │
650 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
651 │"%T" │ Directory for │ This is either /tmp or │
652 │ │ temporary files │ the path "$TMPDIR", │
653 │ │ │ "$TEMP" or "$TMP" are │
654 │ │ │ set to. (Note that the │
655 │ │ │ directory may be │
656 │ │ │ specified without a │
657 │ │ │ trailing slash.) │
658 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
659 │"%u" │ User name │ This is the name of │
660 │ │ │ the user running the │
661 │ │ │ command. In case of │
662 │ │ │ the system instance │
663 │ │ │ this resolves to │
664 │ │ │ "root". │
665 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
666 │"%U" │ User UID │ This is the numeric │
667 │ │ │ UID of the user │
668 │ │ │ running the command. │
669 │ │ │ In case of the system │
670 │ │ │ instance this resolves │
671 │ │ │ to 0. │
672 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
673 │"%v" │ Kernel release │ Identical to uname -r │
674 │ │ │ output. │
675 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
676 │"%V" │ Directory for │ This is either │
677 │ │ larger and │ /var/tmp or the path │
678 │ │ persistent │ "$TMPDIR", "$TEMP" or │
679 │ │ temporary files │ "$TMP" are set to. │
680 │ │ │ (Note that the │
681 │ │ │ directory may be │
682 │ │ │ specified without a │
683 │ │ │ trailing slash.) │
684 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
685 │"%w" │ Operating system │ The operating system │
686 │ │ version ID │ version identifier of │
687 │ │ │ the running system, as │
688 │ │ │ read from the │
689 │ │ │ VERSION_ID= field of │
690 │ │ │ /etc/os-release. If │
691 │ │ │ not set, resolves to │
692 │ │ │ an empty string. See │
693 │ │ │ os-release(5) for more │
694 │ │ │ information. │
695 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
696 │"%W" │ Operating system │ The operating system │
697 │ │ variant ID │ variant identifier of │
698 │ │ │ the running system, as │
699 │ │ │ read from the │
700 │ │ │ VARIANT_ID= field of │
701 │ │ │ /etc/os-release. If │
702 │ │ │ not set, resolves to │
703 │ │ │ an empty string. See │
704 │ │ │ os-release(5) for more │
705 │ │ │ information. │
706 ├──────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
707 │"%%" │ Single percent sign │ Use "%%" in place of │
708 │ │ │ "%" to specify a │
709 │ │ │ single percent sign. │
710 └──────────┴─────────────────────┴────────────────────────┘
711
713 Example 1. Create directories with specific mode and ownership
714 screen(1), needs two directories created at boot with specific modes
716 and ownership:
717 # /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf
719 d /run/screens 1777 root screen 10d
720 d /run/uscreens 0755 root screen 10d12h
721 Contents of /run/screens and /run/uscreens will be cleaned up after 10
723 and 10½ days, respectively.
724 Example 2. Create a directory with a SMACK attribute
726 D /run/cups - - - -
728 t /run/cups - - - - security.SMACK64=printing user.attr-with-spaces="foo bar"
729 The directory will be owned by root and have default mode. Its contents
732 are not subject to time based cleanup, but will be obliterated when
733 systemd-tmpfiles --remove runs.
734 Example 3. Create a directory and prevent its contents from cleanup
736 abrt(1), needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and
738 ownership and its content should be preserved from the automatic
739 cleanup applied to the contents of /var/tmp:
740 # /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf
742 d /var/tmp 1777 root root 30d
743 # /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf
745 d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt -
746 Example 4. Apply clean up during boot and based on time
748 # /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/dnf.conf
750 r! /var/cache/dnf/*/*/download_lock.pid
751 r! /var/cache/dnf/*/*/metadata_lock.pid
752 r! /var/lib/dnf/rpmdb_lock.pid
753 e /var/cache/dnf/ - - - 30d
754 The lock files will be removed during boot. Any files and directories
756 in /var/cache/dnf/ will be removed after they have not been accessed in
757 30 days.
758 Example 5. Empty the contents of a cache directory on boot
760 # /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/krb5rcache.conf
762 e! /var/cache/krb5rcache - - - 0
763 Any files and subdirectories in /var/cache/krb5rcache/ will be removed
765 on boot. The directory will not be created.
766
768 /var/run/ is a deprecated symlink to /run/, and applications should use
769 the latter. systemd-tmpfiles will warn if /var/run/ is used.
770
772 systemd(1), systemd-tmpfiles(8), systemd-delta(1), systemd.exec(5),
773 attr(5), getfattr(1), setfattr(1), setfacl(1), getfacl(1), chattr(1),
774 btrfs-subvolume(8), btrfs-qgroup(8)
775
777 1. Notes on Resolvability of User and Group Names
778 https://systemd.io/UIDS-GIDS/#notes-on-resolvability-of-user-and-group-names
779systemd 251 TMPFILES.D(5)