1STANDARDS(7) Linux Programmer's Manual STANDARDS(7)
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6 standards - C and UNIX Standards
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9 The CONFORMING TO section that appears in many manual pages identifies
10 various standards to which the documented interface conforms. The fol‐
11 lowing list briefly describes these standards.
12 V7 Version 7 (also known as Seventh Edition) UNIX, released by
14 AT&T/Bell Labs in 1979. After this point, UNIX systems diverged
15 into two main dialects: BSD and System V.
16 4.2BSD This is an implementation standard defined by the 4.2 release of
18 the Berkeley Software Distribution, released by the University
19 of California at Berkeley. This was the first Berkeley release
20 that contained a TCP/IP stack and the sockets API. 4.2BSD was
21 released in 1983.
22 Earlier major BSD releases included 3BSD (1980), 4BSD (1980),
24 and 4.1BSD (1981).
25 4.3BSD The successor to 4.2BSD, released in 1986.
27 4.4BSD The successor to 4.3BSD, released in 1993. This was the last
29 major Berkeley release.
30 System V
32 This is an implementation standard defined by AT&T's milestone
33 1983 release of its commercial System V (five) release. The
34 previous major AT&T release was System III, released in 1981.
35 System V release 2 (SVr2)
37 This was the next System V release, made in 1985. The SVr2 was
38 formally described in the System V Interface Definition version
39 1 (SVID 1) published in 1985.
40 System V release 3 (SVr3)
42 This was the successor to SVr2, released in 1986. This release
43 was formally described in the System V Interface Definition ver‐
44 sion 2 (SVID 2).
45 System V release 4 (SVr4)
47 This was the successor to SVr3, released in 1989. This version
48 of System V is described in the "Programmer's Reference Manual:
49 Operating System API (Intel processors)" (Prentice-Hall 1992,
50 ISBN 0-13-951294-2) This release was formally described in the
51 System V Interface Definition version 3 (SVID 3), and is consid‐
52 ered the definitive System V release.
53 SVID 4 System V Interface Definition version 4, issued in 1995. Avail‐
55 able online at ⟨http://www.sco.com/developers/devspecs/⟩.
56 C89 This was the first C language standard, ratified by ANSI (Ameri‐
58 can National Standards Institute) in 1989 (X3.159-1989). Some‐
59 times this is known as ANSI C, but since C99 is also an ANSI
60 standard, this term is ambiguous. This standard was also rati‐
61 fied by ISO (International Standards Organization) in 1990
62 (ISO/IEC 9899:1990), and is thus occasionally referred to as ISO
63 C90.
64 C99 This revision of the C language standard was ratified by ISO in
66 1999 (ISO/IEC 9899:1999). Available online at
67 ⟨http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/standards⟩.
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