1CRYPTSETUP-BENCHMARK(8) Maintenance Commands CRYPTSETUP-BENCHMARK(8)
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6 cryptsetup-benchmark - benchmarks ciphers and KDF
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9 cryptsetup benchmark [<options>]
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12 Benchmarks ciphers and KDF (key derivation function). Without
13 parameters, it tries to measure few common configurations.
14 To benchmark other ciphers or modes, you need to specify --cipher and
16 --key-size options.
17 To benchmark PBKDF you need to specify --pbkdf or --hash with optional
19 cost parameters --iter-time, --pbkdf-memory or --pbkdf-parallel.
20 NOTE: This benchmark uses memory only and is only informative. You
22 cannot directly predict real storage encryption speed from it.
23 For testing block ciphers, this benchmark requires kernel userspace
25 crypto API to be available (introduced in Linux kernel 2.6.38). If you
26 are configuring kernel yourself, enable "User-space interface for
27 symmetric key cipher algorithms" in "Cryptographic API" section
28 (CRYPTO_USER_API_SKCIPHER .config option).
29 <options> can be [--cipher, --key-size, --hash, --pbkdf, --iter-time,
31 --pbkdf-memory, --pbkdf-parallel].
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34 --hash, -h <hash-spec>
35 The specified hash is used for PBKDF2 and AF splitter.
36 --cipher, -c <cipher-spec>
38 Set the cipher specification string.
39 --key-size, -s bits
41 Sets key size in bits. The argument has to be a multiple of 8. The
42 possible key-sizes are limited by the cipher and mode used.
43 See /proc/crypto for more information. Note that key-size in
45 /proc/crypto is stated in bytes.
46 This option can be used for open --type plain or luksFormat. All
48 other LUKS actions will use the key-size specified in the LUKS
49 header. Use cryptsetup --help to show the compiled-in defaults.
50 --pbkdf <PBKDF spec>
52 Set Password-Based Key Derivation Function (PBKDF) algorithm for
53 LUKS keyslot. The PBKDF can be: pbkdf2 (for PBKDF2 according to
54 RFC2898), argon2i for Argon2i or argon2id for Argon2id (see Argon2
55 <https://www.cryptolux.org/index.php/Argon2> for more info).
56 For LUKS1, only PBKDF2 is accepted (no need to use this option).
58 The default PBKDF for LUKS2 is set during compilation time and is
59 available in cryptsetup --help output.
60 A PBKDF is used for increasing dictionary and brute-force attack
62 cost for keyslot passwords. The parameters can be time, memory and
63 parallel cost.
64 For PBKDF2, only time cost (number of iterations) applies. For
66 Argon2i/id, there is also memory cost (memory required during the
67 process of key derivation) and parallel cost (number of threads
68 that run in parallel during the key derivation.
69 Note that increasing memory cost also increases time, so the final
71 parameter values are measured by a benchmark. The benchmark tries
72 to find iteration time (--iter-time) with required memory cost
73 --pbkdf-memory. If it is not possible, the memory cost is decreased
74 as well. The parallel cost --pbkdf-parallel is constant and is
75 checked against available CPU cores.
76 You can see all PBKDF parameters for particular LUKS2 keyslot with
78 cryptsetup-luksDump(8) command.
79 NOTE: If you do not want to use benchmark and want to specify all
81 parameters directly, use --pbkdf-force-iterations with
82 --pbkdf-memory and --pbkdf-parallel. This will override the values
83 without benchmarking. Note it can cause extremely long unlocking
84 time. Use only in specific cases, for example, if you know that the
85 formatted device will be used on some small embedded system.
86 MINIMAL AND MAXIMAL PBKDF COSTS: For PBKDF2, the minimum iteration
88 count is 1000 and maximum is 4294967295 (maximum for 32bit unsigned
89 integer). Memory and parallel costs are unused for PBKDF2. For
90 Argon2i and Argon2id, minimum iteration count (CPU cost) is 4 and
91 maximum is 4294967295 (maximum for 32bit unsigned integer). Minimum
92 memory cost is 32 KiB and maximum is 4 GiB. (Limited by addressable
93 memory on some CPU platforms.) If the memory cost parameter is
94 benchmarked (not specified by a parameter) it is always in range
95 from 64 MiB to 1 GiB. The parallel cost minimum is 1 and maximum 4
96 (if enough CPUs cores are available, otherwise it is decreased).
97 --iter-time, -i <number of milliseconds>
99 The number of milliseconds to spend with PBKDF passphrase
100 processing. Specifying 0 as parameter selects the compiled-in
101 default.
102 --pbkdf-memory <number>
104 Set the memory cost for PBKDF (for Argon2i/id the number represents
105 kilobytes). Note that it is maximal value, PBKDF benchmark or
106 available physical memory can decrease it. This option is not
107 available for PBKDF2.
108 --pbkdf-parallel <number>
110 Set the parallel cost for PBKDF (number of threads, up to 4). Note
111 that it is maximal value, it is decreased automatically if CPU
112 online count is lower. This option is not available for PBKDF2.
113 --batch-mode, -q
115 Suppresses all confirmation questions. Use with care!
116 If the --verify-passphrase option is not specified, this option
118 also switches off the passphrase verification.
119 --debug or --debug-json
121 Run in debug mode with full diagnostic logs. Debug output lines are
122 always prefixed by #.
123 If --debug-json is used, additional LUKS2 JSON data structures are
125 printed.
126 --version, -V
128 Show the program version.
129 --usage
131 Show short option help.
132 --help, -?
134 Show help text and default parameters.
135
137 Report bugs at cryptsetup mailing list <cryptsetup@lists.linux.dev> or
138 in Issues project section
139 <https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/-/issues/new>.
140 Please attach output of the failed command with --debug option added.
142
144 Cryptsetup FAQ
145 <https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/FrequentlyAskedQuestions>
146 cryptsetup(8), integritysetup(8) and veritysetup(8)
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150 Part of cryptsetup project <https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/>.
151cryptsetup 2.5.0 2022-07-28 CRYPTSETUP-BENCHMARK(8)