1SYSTEMD-GPT-AUTO-GENERATOR(s8y)stemd-gpt-auto-generatSoYrSTEMD-GPT-AUTO-GENERATOR(8)
2
6 systemd-gpt-auto-generator - Generator for automatically discovering
7 and mounting root, /home/, /srv/, /var/ and /var/tmp/ partitions, as
8 well as discovering and enabling swap partitions, based on GPT
9 partition type GUIDs
10
12 /usr/lib/systemd/system-generators/systemd-gpt-auto-generator
13
15 systemd-gpt-auto-generator is a unit generator that automatically
16 discovers root, /home/, /srv/, /var/, /var/tmp/, the EFI System
17 Partition, the Extended Boot Loader Partition and swap partitions and
18 creates mount and swap units for them, based on the partition type
19 GUIDs of GUID partition tables (GPT), see UEFI Specification[1],
20 chapter 5. It implements the Discoverable Partitions Specification[2].
21 Note that this generator has no effect on non-GPT systems, and on
22 specific mount points that are directories already containing files.
23 Also, on systems where the units are explicitly configured (for
24 example, listed in fstab(5)), the units this generator creates are
25 overridden, but additional implicit dependencies might be created.
26 This generator will only look for the root partition on the same
28 physical disk the EFI System Partition (ESP) is located on. Note that
29 support from the boot loader is required: the EFI variable
30 LoaderDevicePartUUID of the 4a67b082-0a4c-41cf-b6c7-440b29bb8c4f vendor
31 UUID is used to determine from which partition, and hence the disk from
32 which the system was booted. If the boot loader does not set this
33 variable, this generator will not be able to autodetect the root
34 partition. See the Boot Loader Interface[3] for details.
35 Similarly, this generator will only look for the other partitions on
37 the same physical disk as the root partition. In this case, boot loader
38 support is not required. These partitions will not be searched for on
39 systems where the root file system is distributed on multiple disks,
40 for example via btrfs RAID.
41 systemd-gpt-auto-generator is useful for centralizing file system
43 configuration in the partition table and making configuration in
44 /etc/fstab or on the kernel command line unnecessary.
45 This generator looks for the partitions based on their partition type
47 GUID. The following partition type GUIDs are identified:
48 Table 1. Partition Type GUIDs
50 ┌─────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────┬─────────────────┬──────────────────┐
51 │Partition Type │ Name │ Mount Point │ Explanation │
52 │GUID │ │ │ │
53 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
54 │44479540-f297-41b2-9af7-d131d5f0458a │ Root Partition │ / │ On 32-bit x86 │
55 │ │ (x86) │ │ systems, the │
56 │ │ │ │ first x86 root │
57 │ │ │ │ partition on the │
58 │ │ │ │ disk the EFI ESP │
59 │ │ │ │ is located on is │
60 │ │ │ │ mounted to the │
61 │ │ │ │ root directory │
62 │ │ │ │ /. │
63 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
64 │4f68bce3-e8cd-4db1-96e7-fbcaf984b709 │ Root Partition │ / │ On 64-bit x86 │
65 │ │ (x86-64) │ │ systems, the │
66 │ │ │ │ first x86-64 │
67 │ │ │ │ root partition │
68 │ │ │ │ on the disk the │
69 │ │ │ │ EFI ESP is │
70 │ │ │ │ located on is │
71 │ │ │ │ mounted to the │
72 │ │ │ │ root directory │
73 │ │ │ │ /. │
74 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
75 │69dad710-2ce4-4e3c-b16c-21a1d49abed3 │ Root Partition │ / │ On 32-bit ARM │
76 │ │ (32-bit ARM) │ │ systems, the │
77 │ │ │ │ first ARM root │
78 │ │ │ │ partition on the │
79 │ │ │ │ disk the EFI ESP │
80 │ │ │ │ is located on is │
81 │ │ │ │ mounted to the │
82 │ │ │ │ root directory │
83 │ │ │ │ /. │
84 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
85 │b921b045-1df0-41c3-af44-4c6f280d3fae │ Root Partition │ / │ On 64-bit ARM │
86 │ │ (64-bit ARM) │ │ systems, the │
87 │ │ │ │ first ARM root │
88 │ │ │ │ partition on the │
89 │ │ │ │ disk the EFI ESP │
90 │ │ │ │ is located on is │
91 │ │ │ │ mounted to the │
92 │ │ │ │ root directory │
93 │ │ │ │ /. │
94 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
95 │993d8d3d-f80e-4225-855a-9daf8ed7ea97 │ Root Partition │ / │ On Itanium │
96 │ │ (Itanium/IA-64) │ │ systems, the │
97 │ │ │ │ first Itanium │
98 │ │ │ │ root partition │
99 │ │ │ │ on the disk the │
100 │ │ │ │ EFI ESP is │
101 │ │ │ │ located on is │
102 │ │ │ │ mounted to the │
103 │ │ │ │ root directory │
104 │ │ │ │ /. │
105 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
106 │77055800-792c-4f94-b39a-98c91b762bb6 │ Root Partition │ / │ On LoongArch │
107 │ │ (LoongArch 64) │ │ 64-bit systems, │
108 │ │ │ │ the first │
109 │ │ │ │ LoongArch 64-bit │
110 │ │ │ │ root partition │
111 │ │ │ │ on the disk the │
112 │ │ │ │ EFI ESP is │
113 │ │ │ │ located on is │
114 │ │ │ │ mounted to the │
115 │ │ │ │ root directory │
116 │ │ │ │ /. │
117 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
118 │60d5a7fe-8e7d-435c-b714-3dd8162144e1 │ Root Partition │ / │ On RISC-V 32-bit │
119 │ │ (RISCV-V 32) │ │ systems, the │
120 │ │ │ │ first RISCV-V │
121 │ │ │ │ 32-bit root │
122 │ │ │ │ partition on the │
123 │ │ │ │ disk the EFI ESP │
124 │ │ │ │ is located on is │
125 │ │ │ │ mounted to the │
126 │ │ │ │ root directory │
127 │ │ │ │ /. │
128 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
129 │72ec70a6-cf74-40e6-bd49-4bda08e8f224 │ Root Partition │ / │ On RISC-V 64-bit │
130 │ │ (RISCV-V 64) │ │ systems, the │
131 │ │ │ │ first RISCV-V │
132 │ │ │ │ 64-bit root │
133 │ │ │ │ partition on the │
134 │ │ │ │ disk the EFI ESP │
135 │ │ │ │ is located on is │
136 │ │ │ │ mounted to the │
137 │ │ │ │ root directory │
138 │ │ │ │ /. │
139 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
140 │933ac7e1-2eb4-4f13-b844-0e14e2aef915 │ Home Partition │ /home/ │ The first home │
141 │ │ │ │ partition on the │
142 │ │ │ │ disk the root │
143 │ │ │ │ partition is │
144 │ │ │ │ located on is │
145 │ │ │ │ mounted to │
146 │ │ │ │ /home/. │
147 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
148 │3b8f8425-20e0-4f3b-907f-1a25a76f98e8 │ Server Data │ /srv/ │ The first server │
149 │ │ Partition │ │ data partition │
150 │ │ │ │ on the disk the │
151 │ │ │ │ root partition │
152 │ │ │ │ is located on is │
153 │ │ │ │ mounted to │
154 │ │ │ │ /srv/. │
155 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
156 │4d21b016-b534-45c2-a9fb-5c16e091fd2d │ Variable Data │ /var/ │ The first │
157 │ │ Partition │ │ variable data │
158 │ │ │ │ partition on the │
159 │ │ │ │ disk the root │
160 │ │ │ │ partition is │
161 │ │ │ │ located on is │
162 │ │ │ │ mounted to /var/ │
163 │ │ │ │ — under the │
164 │ │ │ │ condition its │
165 │ │ │ │ partition UUID │
166 │ │ │ │ matches the │
167 │ │ │ │ first 128 bit of │
168 │ │ │ │ the HMAC-SHA256 │
169 │ │ │ │ of the GPT type │
170 │ │ │ │ uuid of this │
171 │ │ │ │ partition keyed │
172 │ │ │ │ by the machine │
173 │ │ │ │ ID of the │
174 │ │ │ │ installation │
175 │ │ │ │ stored in │
176 │ │ │ │ machine-id(5). │
177 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
178 │7ec6f557-3bc5-4aca-b293-16ef5df639d1 │ Temporary Data │ /var/tmp/ │ The first │
179 │ │ Partition │ │ temporary data │
180 │ │ │ │ partition on the │
181 │ │ │ │ disk the root │
182 │ │ │ │ partition is │
183 │ │ │ │ located on is │
184 │ │ │ │ mounted to │
185 │ │ │ │ /var/tmp/. │
186 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
187 │0657fd6d-a4ab-43c4-84e5-0933c84b4f4f │ Swap │ n/a │ All swap │
188 │ │ │ │ partitions │
189 │ │ │ │ located on the │
190 │ │ │ │ disk the root │
191 │ │ │ │ partition is │
192 │ │ │ │ located on are │
193 │ │ │ │ enabled. │
194 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
195 │c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93b │ EFI System │ /efi/ or /boot/ │ The first ESP │
196 │ │ Partition (ESP) │ │ located on the │
197 │ │ │ │ disk the root │
198 │ │ │ │ partition is │
199 │ │ │ │ located on is │
200 │ │ │ │ mounted to │
201 │ │ │ │ /boot/ or /efi/, │
202 │ │ │ │ see below. │
203 ├─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┤
204 │bc13c2ff-59e6-4262-a352-b275fd6f7172 │ Extended Boot │ /boot/ │ The first │
205 │ │ Loader Partition │ │ Extended Boot │
206 │ │ │ │ Loader Partition │
207 │ │ │ │ is mounted to │
208 │ │ │ │ /boot/, see │
209 │ │ │ │ below. │
210 └─────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────┴─────────────────┴──────────────────┘
211 This generator understands the following attribute flags for
213 partitions:
214 Table 2. Partition Attributes
216 ┌──────────────────────────────┬────────────────────┬──────────────────┬──────────────────┐
217 │Name │ Value │ Applicable to │ Explanation │
218 ├──────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┤
219 │GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY │ 0x1000000000000000 │ /, /home/, │ Partition is │
220 │ │ │ /srv/, /var/, │ mounted │
221 │ │ │ /var/tmp/, │ read-only │
222 │ │ │ Extended Boot │ │
223 │ │ │ Loader Partition │ │
224 ├──────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┤
225 │GPT_FLAG_NO_AUTO │ 0x8000000000000000 │ /, /home/, │ Partition is not │
226 │ │ │ /srv/, /var/, │ mounted │
227 │ │ │ /var/tmp/, │ automatically │
228 │ │ │ Extended Boot │ │
229 │ │ │ Loader Partition │ │
230 ├──────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┤
231 │GPT_FLAG_NO_BLOCK_IO_PROTOCOL │ 0x0000000000000002 │ EFI System │ Partition is not │
232 │ │ │ Partition (ESP) │ mounted │
233 │ │ │ │ automatically │
234 └──────────────────────────────┴────────────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────┘
235 The /home/, /srv/, /var/ and /var/tmp/ partitions may be encrypted in
237 LUKS format. In this case, a device mapper device is set up under the
238 names /dev/mapper/home, /dev/mapper/srv, /dev/mapper/var and
239 /dev/mapper/tmp. Note that this might create conflicts if the same
240 partition is listed in /etc/crypttab with a different device mapper
241 device name.
242 When systemd is running in the initrd the / partition may be encrypted
244 in LUKS format as well. In this case, a device mapper device is set up
245 under the name /dev/mapper/root, and a sysroot.mount is set up that
246 mounts the device under /sysroot. For more information, see bootup(7).
247 The root partition can be specified by symlinking
249 /run/systemd/volatile-root to /dev/block/$major:$minor. This is
250 especially useful if the root mount has been replaced by some form of
251 volatile file system (overlayfs).
252 Mount and automount units for the EFI System Partition (ESP) are
254 generated on EFI systems. The ESP is mounted to /boot/ (except if an
255 Extended Boot Loader partition exists, see below), unless a mount point
256 directory /efi/ exists, in which case it is mounted there. Since this
257 generator creates an automount unit, the mount will only be activated
258 on-demand, when accessed. On systems where /boot/ (or /efi/ if it
259 exists) is an explicitly configured mount (for example, listed in
260 fstab(5)) or where the /boot/ (or /efi/) mount point is non-empty, no
261 mount units are generated.
262 If the disk contains an Extended Boot Loader partition, as defined in
264 the Boot Loader Specification[4], it is made available at /boot/ (by
265 means of an automount point, similar to the ESP, see above). If both an
266 EFI System Partition and an Extended Boot Loader partition exist the
267 latter is preferably mounted to /boot/. Make sure to create both /efi/
268 and /boot/ to ensure both partitions are mounted.
269 When using this generator in conjunction with btrfs file systems, make
271 sure to set the correct default subvolumes on them, using btrfs
272 subvolume set-default.
273 systemd-gpt-auto-generator implements systemd.generator(7).
275
277 systemd-gpt-auto-generator understands the following kernel command
278 line parameters:
279 systemd.gpt_auto, rd.systemd.gpt_auto
281 Those options take an optional boolean argument, and default to
282 yes. The generator is enabled by default, and a negative value may
283 be used to disable it.
284 root=
286 When used with the special value "gpt-auto", automatic discovery of
287 the root partition based on the GPT partition type is enabled. Any
288 other value disables this generator.
289 rw, ro
291 Mount the root partition read-write or read-only initially.
292 Note that unlike most kernel command line options these settings do
294 not override configuration in the file system, and the file system
295 may be remounted later. See systemd-remount-fs.service(8).
296
298 systemd(1), systemd.mount(5), systemd.swap(5), systemd-fstab-
299 generator(8), systemd-cryptsetup@.service(8), machine-id(5),
300 cryptsetup(8), fstab(5), btrfs(8)
301
303 1. UEFI Specification
304 https://uefi.org/specifications
305 2. Discoverable Partitions Specification
307 https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS
308 3. Boot Loader Interface
310 https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_INTERFACE
311 4. Boot Loader Specification
313 https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_SPECIFICATION
314systemd 251 SYSTEMD-GPT-AUTO-GENERATOR(8)