1PEM_READ_BIO_PRIVATEKEY(3ossl)      OpenSSL     PEM_READ_BIO_PRIVATEKEY(3ossl)
2
3
4

NAME

6       pem_password_cb, PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey_ex, PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey,
7       PEM_read_PrivateKey_ex, PEM_read_PrivateKey,
8       PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_ex, PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey,
9       PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional, PEM_write_PrivateKey_ex,
10       PEM_write_PrivateKey, PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey,
11       PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey, PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid,
12       PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid, PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY_ex,
13       PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY, PEM_read_PUBKEY_ex, PEM_read_PUBKEY,
14       PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY_ex, PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY, PEM_write_PUBKEY_ex,
15       PEM_write_PUBKEY, PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey, PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey,
16       PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey, PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey,
17       PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey, PEM_read_RSAPublicKey,
18       PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey, PEM_write_RSAPublicKey,
19       PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY, PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY, PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY,
20       PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY, PEM_read_bio_DSAPrivateKey,
21       PEM_read_DSAPrivateKey, PEM_write_bio_DSAPrivateKey,
22       PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey, PEM_read_bio_DSA_PUBKEY, PEM_read_DSA_PUBKEY,
23       PEM_write_bio_DSA_PUBKEY, PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY,
24       PEM_read_bio_Parameters_ex, PEM_read_bio_Parameters,
25       PEM_write_bio_Parameters, PEM_read_bio_DSAparams, PEM_read_DSAparams,
26       PEM_write_bio_DSAparams, PEM_write_DSAparams, PEM_read_bio_DHparams,
27       PEM_read_DHparams, PEM_write_bio_DHparams, PEM_write_DHparams,
28       PEM_read_bio_X509, PEM_read_X509, PEM_write_bio_X509, PEM_write_X509,
29       PEM_read_bio_X509_AUX, PEM_read_X509_AUX, PEM_write_bio_X509_AUX,
30       PEM_write_X509_AUX, PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ, PEM_read_X509_REQ,
31       PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ, PEM_write_X509_REQ, PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ_NEW,
32       PEM_write_X509_REQ_NEW, PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL, PEM_read_X509_CRL,
33       PEM_write_bio_X509_CRL, PEM_write_X509_CRL, PEM_read_bio_PKCS7,
34       PEM_read_PKCS7, PEM_write_bio_PKCS7, PEM_write_PKCS7 - PEM routines
35

SYNOPSIS

37        #include <openssl/pem.h>
38
39        typedef int pem_password_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *u);
40
41        EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey_ex(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,
42                                             pem_password_cb *cb, void *u,
43                                             OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
44        EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,
45                                          pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
46        EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_PrivateKey_ex(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **x, pem_password_cb *cb,
47                                         void *u, OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx,
48                                         const char *propq);
49        EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_PrivateKey(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **x,
50                                      pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
51        int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_ex(BIO *bp, const EVP_PKEY *x,
52                                        const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
53                                        unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
54                                        pem_password_cb *cb, void *u,
55                                        OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
56        int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(BIO *bp, const EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
57                                     unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
58                                     pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
59        int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x,
60                                                 const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
61                                                 unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
62                                                 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
63        int PEM_write_PrivateKey_ex(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
64                                    unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
65                                    pem_password_cb *cb, void *u,
66                                    OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
67        int PEM_write_PrivateKey(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
68                                 unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
69                                 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
70        int PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
71                                          char *kstr, int klen,
72                                          pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
73        int PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
74                                      char *kstr, int klen,
75                                      pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
76        int PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid(BIO *bp, const EVP_PKEY *x, int nid,
77                                              char *kstr, int klen,
78                                              pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
79        int PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid(FILE *fp, const EVP_PKEY *x, int nid,
80                                          char *kstr, int klen,
81                                          pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
82
83        EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY_ex(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,
84                                         pem_password_cb *cb, void *u,
85                                         OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
86        EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,
87                                      pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
88        EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_PUBKEY_ex(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **x,
89                                     pem_password_cb *cb, void *u,
90                                     OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
91        EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **x,
92                                  pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
93        int PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY_ex(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x,
94                                    OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
95        int PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x);
96        int PEM_write_PUBKEY_ex(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x,
97                                OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
98        int PEM_write_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x);
99
100        EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_Parameters_ex(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,
101                                             OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
102        EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_Parameters(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x);
103        int PEM_write_bio_Parameters(BIO *bp, const EVP_PKEY *x);
104
105        X509 *PEM_read_bio_X509(BIO *bp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
106        X509 *PEM_read_X509(FILE *fp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
107        int PEM_write_bio_X509(BIO *bp, X509 *x);
108        int PEM_write_X509(FILE *fp, X509 *x);
109
110        X509 *PEM_read_bio_X509_AUX(BIO *bp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
111        X509 *PEM_read_X509_AUX(FILE *fp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
112        int PEM_write_bio_X509_AUX(BIO *bp, X509 *x);
113        int PEM_write_X509_AUX(FILE *fp, X509 *x);
114
115        X509_REQ *PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ(BIO *bp, X509_REQ **x,
116                                        pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
117        X509_REQ *PEM_read_X509_REQ(FILE *fp, X509_REQ **x,
118                                    pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
119        int PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ(BIO *bp, X509_REQ *x);
120        int PEM_write_X509_REQ(FILE *fp, X509_REQ *x);
121        int PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ_NEW(BIO *bp, X509_REQ *x);
122        int PEM_write_X509_REQ_NEW(FILE *fp, X509_REQ *x);
123
124        X509_CRL *PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL(BIO *bp, X509_CRL **x,
125                                        pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
126        X509_CRL *PEM_read_X509_CRL(FILE *fp, X509_CRL **x,
127                                    pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
128        int PEM_write_bio_X509_CRL(BIO *bp, X509_CRL *x);
129        int PEM_write_X509_CRL(FILE *fp, X509_CRL *x);
130
131        PKCS7 *PEM_read_bio_PKCS7(BIO *bp, PKCS7 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
132        PKCS7 *PEM_read_PKCS7(FILE *fp, PKCS7 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
133        int PEM_write_bio_PKCS7(BIO *bp, PKCS7 *x);
134        int PEM_write_PKCS7(FILE *fp, PKCS7 *x);
135
136       The following functions have been deprecated since OpenSSL 3.0, and can
137       be hidden entirely by defining OPENSSL_API_COMPAT with a suitable
138       version value, see openssl_user_macros(7):
139
140        RSA *PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, RSA **x,
141                                        pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
142        RSA *PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, RSA **x,
143                                    pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
144        int PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, RSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
145                                        unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
146                                        pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
147        int PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, RSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
148                                    unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
149                                    pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
150
151        RSA *PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey(BIO *bp, RSA **x,
152                                       pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
153        RSA *PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(FILE *fp, RSA **x,
154                                   pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
155        int PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey(BIO *bp, RSA *x);
156        int PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(FILE *fp, RSA *x);
157
158        RSA *PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, RSA **x,
159                                     pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
160        RSA *PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, RSA **x,
161                                 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
162        int PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, RSA *x);
163        int PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, RSA *x);
164
165        DSA *PEM_read_bio_DSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, DSA **x,
166                                        pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
167        DSA *PEM_read_DSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, DSA **x,
168                                    pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
169        int PEM_write_bio_DSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, DSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
170                                        unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
171                                        pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
172        int PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, DSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
173                                    unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
174                                    pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
175
176        DSA *PEM_read_bio_DSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, DSA **x,
177                                     pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
178        DSA *PEM_read_DSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, DSA **x,
179                                 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
180        int PEM_write_bio_DSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, DSA *x);
181        int PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, DSA *x);
182        DSA *PEM_read_bio_DSAparams(BIO *bp, DSA **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
183        DSA *PEM_read_DSAparams(FILE *fp, DSA **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
184        int PEM_write_bio_DSAparams(BIO *bp, DSA *x);
185        int PEM_write_DSAparams(FILE *fp, DSA *x);
186
187        DH *PEM_read_bio_DHparams(BIO *bp, DH **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
188        DH *PEM_read_DHparams(FILE *fp, DH **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
189        int PEM_write_bio_DHparams(BIO *bp, DH *x);
190        int PEM_write_DHparams(FILE *fp, DH *x);
191

DESCRIPTION

193       All of the functions described on this page that have a TYPE of DH, DSA
194       and RSA are deprecated. Applications should use OSSL_ENCODER_to_bio(3)
195       and OSSL_DECODER_from_bio(3) instead.
196
197       The PEM functions read or write structures in PEM format. In this sense
198       PEM format is simply base64 encoded data surrounded by header lines.
199
200       For more details about the meaning of arguments see the PEM FUNCTION
201       ARGUMENTS section.
202
203       Each operation has four functions associated with it. For brevity the
204       term "TYPE functions" will be used below to collectively refer to the
205       PEM_read_bio_TYPE(), PEM_read_TYPE(), PEM_write_bio_TYPE(), and
206       PEM_write_TYPE() functions.
207
208       Some operations have additional variants that take a library context
209       libctx and a property query string propq. The X509, X509_REQ and
210       X509_CRL objects may have an associated library context or property
211       query string but there are no variants of these functions that take a
212       library context or property query string parameter. In this case it is
213       possible to set the appropriate library context or property query
214       string by creating an empty X509, X509_REQ or X509_CRL object using
215       X509_new_ex(3), X509_REQ_new_ex(3) or X509_CRL_new_ex(3) respectively.
216       Then pass the empty object as a parameter to the relevant PEM function.
217       See the "EXAMPLES" section below.
218
219       The PrivateKey functions read or write a private key in PEM format
220       using an EVP_PKEY structure. The write routines use PKCS#8 private key
221       format and are equivalent to PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey(). The read
222       functions transparently handle traditional and PKCS#8 format encrypted
223       and unencrypted keys.
224
225       PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional() writes out a private key in the
226       "traditional" format with a simple private key marker and should only
227       be used for compatibility with legacy programs.
228
229       PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey() and PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey() write a
230       private key in an EVP_PKEY structure in PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo
231       format using PKCS#5 v2.0 password based encryption algorithms. The
232       cipher argument specifies the encryption algorithm to use: unlike some
233       other PEM routines the encryption is applied at the PKCS#8 level and
234       not in the PEM headers. If cipher is NULL then no encryption is used
235       and a PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo structure is used instead.
236
237       PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid() and PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid()
238       also write out a private key as a PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo
239       however it uses PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 encryption algorithms instead.
240       The algorithm to use is specified in the nid parameter and should be
241       the NID of the corresponding OBJECT IDENTIFIER (see NOTES section).
242
243       The PUBKEY functions process a public key using an EVP_PKEY structure.
244       The public key is encoded as a SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure.
245
246       The RSAPrivateKey functions process an RSA private key using an RSA
247       structure. The write routines uses traditional format. The read
248       routines handles the same formats as the PrivateKey functions but an
249       error occurs if the private key is not RSA.
250
251       The RSAPublicKey functions process an RSA public key using an RSA
252       structure. The public key is encoded using a PKCS#1 RSAPublicKey
253       structure.
254
255       The RSA_PUBKEY functions also process an RSA public key using an RSA
256       structure. However, the public key is encoded using a
257       SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure and an error occurs if the public key is
258       not RSA.
259
260       The DSAPrivateKey functions process a DSA private key using a DSA
261       structure. The write routines uses traditional format. The read
262       routines handles the same formats as the PrivateKey functions but an
263       error occurs if the private key is not DSA.
264
265       The DSA_PUBKEY functions process a DSA public key using a DSA
266       structure. The public key is encoded using a SubjectPublicKeyInfo
267       structure and an error occurs if the public key is not DSA.
268
269       The Parameters functions read or write key parameters in PEM format
270       using an EVP_PKEY structure.  The encoding depends on the type of key;
271       for DSA key parameters, it will be a Dss-Parms structure as defined in
272       RFC2459, and for DH key parameters, it will be a PKCS#3 DHparameter
273       structure.  These functions only exist for the BIO type.
274
275       The DSAparams functions process DSA parameters using a DSA structure.
276       The parameters are encoded using a Dss-Parms structure as defined in
277       RFC2459.
278
279       The DHparams functions process DH parameters using a DH structure. The
280       parameters are encoded using a PKCS#3 DHparameter structure.
281
282       The X509 functions process an X509 certificate using an X509 structure.
283       They will also process a trusted X509 certificate but any trust
284       settings are discarded.
285
286       The X509_AUX functions process a trusted X509 certificate using an X509
287       structure.
288
289       The X509_REQ and X509_REQ_NEW functions process a PKCS#10 certificate
290       request using an X509_REQ structure. The X509_REQ write functions use
291       CERTIFICATE REQUEST in the header whereas the X509_REQ_NEW functions
292       use NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST (as required by some CAs). The X509_REQ
293       read functions will handle either form so there are no X509_REQ_NEW
294       read functions.
295
296       The X509_CRL functions process an X509 CRL using an X509_CRL structure.
297
298       The PKCS7 functions process a PKCS#7 ContentInfo using a PKCS7
299       structure.
300

PEM FUNCTION ARGUMENTS

302       The PEM functions have many common arguments.
303
304       The bp BIO parameter (if present) specifies the BIO to read from or
305       write to.
306
307       The fp FILE parameter (if present) specifies the FILE pointer to read
308       from or write to.
309
310       The PEM read functions all take an argument TYPE **x and return a TYPE
311       * pointer. Where TYPE is whatever structure the function uses. If x is
312       NULL then the parameter is ignored. If x is not NULL but *x is NULL
313       then the structure returned will be written to *x. If neither x nor *x
314       is NULL then an attempt is made to reuse the structure at *x (but see
315       BUGS and EXAMPLES sections).  Irrespective of the value of x a pointer
316       to the structure is always returned (or NULL if an error occurred).
317
318       The PEM functions which write private keys take an enc parameter which
319       specifies the encryption algorithm to use, encryption is done at the
320       PEM level. If this parameter is set to NULL then the private key is
321       written in unencrypted form.
322
323       The cb argument is the callback to use when querying for the pass
324       phrase used for encrypted PEM structures (normally only private keys).
325
326       For the PEM write routines if the kstr parameter is not NULL then klen
327       bytes at kstr are used as the passphrase and cb is ignored.
328
329       If the cb parameters is set to NULL and the u parameter is not NULL
330       then the u parameter is interpreted as a NUL terminated string to use
331       as the passphrase. If both cb and u are NULL then the default callback
332       routine is used which will typically prompt for the passphrase on the
333       current terminal with echoing turned off.
334
335       The default passphrase callback is sometimes inappropriate (for example
336       in a GUI application) so an alternative can be supplied. The callback
337       routine has the following form:
338
339        int cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *u);
340
341       buf is the buffer to write the passphrase to. size is the maximum
342       length of the passphrase (i.e. the size of buf). rwflag is a flag which
343       is set to 0 when reading and 1 when writing. A typical routine will ask
344       the user to verify the passphrase (for example by prompting for it
345       twice) if rwflag is 1. The u parameter has the same value as the u
346       parameter passed to the PEM routine. It allows arbitrary data to be
347       passed to the callback by the application (for example a window handle
348       in a GUI application). The callback must return the number of
349       characters in the passphrase or -1 if an error occurred. The passphrase
350       can be arbitrary data; in the case where it is a string, it is not NUL
351       terminated. See the "EXAMPLES" section below.
352
353       Some implementations may need to use cryptographic algorithms during
354       their operation. If this is the case and libctx and propq parameters
355       have been passed then any algorithm fetches will use that library
356       context and property query string. Otherwise the default library
357       context and property query string will be used.
358

NOTES

360       The PEM reading functions will skip any extraneous content or PEM data
361       of a different type than they expect. This allows for example having a
362       certificate (or multiple certificates) and a key in the PEM format in a
363       single file.
364
365       The old PrivateKey write routines are retained for compatibility.  New
366       applications should write private keys using the
367       PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey() or PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey() routines
368       because they are more secure (they use an iteration count of 2048
369       whereas the traditional routines use a count of 1) unless compatibility
370       with older versions of OpenSSL is important.
371
372       The PrivateKey read routines can be used in all applications because
373       they handle all formats transparently.
374
375       A frequent cause of problems is attempting to use the PEM routines like
376       this:
377
378        X509 *x;
379
380        PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, &x, 0, NULL);
381
382       this is a bug because an attempt will be made to reuse the data at x
383       which is an uninitialised pointer.
384
385       These functions make no assumption regarding the pass phrase received
386       from the password callback.  It will simply be treated as a byte
387       sequence.
388

PEM ENCRYPTION FORMAT

390       These old PrivateKey routines use a non standard technique for
391       encryption.
392
393       The private key (or other data) takes the following form:
394
395        -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
396        Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
397        DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,3F17F5316E2BAC89
398
399        ...base64 encoded data...
400        -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
401
402       The line beginning with Proc-Type contains the version and the
403       protection on the encapsulated data. The line beginning DEK-Info
404       contains two comma separated values: the encryption algorithm name as
405       used by EVP_get_cipherbyname() and an initialization vector used by the
406       cipher encoded as a set of hexadecimal digits. After those two lines is
407       the base64-encoded encrypted data.
408
409       The encryption key is derived using EVP_BytesToKey(). The cipher's
410       initialization vector is passed to EVP_BytesToKey() as the salt
411       parameter. Internally, PKCS5_SALT_LEN bytes of the salt are used
412       (regardless of the size of the initialization vector). The user's
413       password is passed to EVP_BytesToKey() using the data and datal
414       parameters. Finally, the library uses an iteration count of 1 for
415       EVP_BytesToKey().
416
417       The key derived by EVP_BytesToKey() along with the original
418       initialization vector is then used to decrypt the encrypted data. The
419       iv produced by EVP_BytesToKey() is not utilized or needed, and NULL
420       should be passed to the function.
421
422       The pseudo code to derive the key would look similar to:
423
424        EVP_CIPHER* cipher = EVP_des_ede3_cbc();
425        EVP_MD* md = EVP_md5();
426
427        unsigned int nkey = EVP_CIPHER_get_key_length(cipher);
428        unsigned int niv = EVP_CIPHER_get_iv_length(cipher);
429        unsigned char key[nkey];
430        unsigned char iv[niv];
431
432        memcpy(iv, HexToBin("3F17F5316E2BAC89"), niv);
433        rc = EVP_BytesToKey(cipher, md, iv /*salt*/, pword, plen, 1, key, NULL /*iv*/);
434        if (rc != nkey)
435            /* Error */
436
437        /* On success, use key and iv to initialize the cipher */
438

BUGS

440       The PEM read routines in some versions of OpenSSL will not correctly
441       reuse an existing structure. Therefore, the following:
442
443        PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, &x, 0, NULL);
444
445       where x already contains a valid certificate, may not work, whereas:
446
447        X509_free(x);
448        x = PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, NULL, 0, NULL);
449
450       is guaranteed to work. It is always acceptable for x to contain a newly
451       allocated, empty X509 object (for example allocated via
452       X509_new_ex(3)).
453

RETURN VALUES

455       The read routines return either a pointer to the structure read or NULL
456       if an error occurred.
457
458       The write routines return 1 for success or 0 for failure.
459

EXAMPLES

461       Although the PEM routines take several arguments in almost all
462       applications most of them are set to 0 or NULL.
463
464       To read a certificate with a library context in PEM format from a BIO:
465
466        X509 *x = X509_new_ex(libctx, NULL);
467
468        if (x == NULL)
469            /* Error */
470
471        if (PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, &x, 0, NULL) == NULL)
472            /* Error */
473
474       Read a certificate in PEM format from a BIO:
475
476        X509 *x;
477
478        x = PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, NULL, 0, NULL);
479        if (x == NULL)
480            /* Error */
481
482       Alternative method:
483
484        X509 *x = NULL;
485
486        if (!PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, &x, 0, NULL))
487            /* Error */
488
489       Write a certificate to a BIO:
490
491        if (!PEM_write_bio_X509(bp, x))
492            /* Error */
493
494       Write a private key (using traditional format) to a BIO using triple
495       DES encryption, the pass phrase is prompted for:
496
497        if (!PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(bp, key, EVP_des_ede3_cbc(), NULL, 0, 0, NULL))
498            /* Error */
499
500       Write a private key (using PKCS#8 format) to a BIO using triple DES
501       encryption, using the pass phrase "hello":
502
503        if (!PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey(bp, key, EVP_des_ede3_cbc(),
504                                           NULL, 0, 0, "hello"))
505            /* Error */
506
507       Read a private key from a BIO using a pass phrase callback:
508
509        key = PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(bp, NULL, pass_cb, "My Private Key");
510        if (key == NULL)
511            /* Error */
512
513       Skeleton pass phrase callback:
514
515        int pass_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *u)
516        {
517
518            /* We'd probably do something else if 'rwflag' is 1 */
519            printf("Enter pass phrase for \"%s\"\n", (char *)u);
520
521            /* get pass phrase, length 'len' into 'tmp' */
522            char *tmp = "hello";
523            if (tmp == NULL) /* An error occurred */
524                return -1;
525
526            size_t len = strlen(tmp);
527
528            if (len > size)
529                len = size;
530            memcpy(buf, tmp, len);
531            return len;
532        }
533

SEE ALSO

535       EVP_EncryptInit(3), EVP_BytesToKey(3), passphrase-encoding(7)
536

HISTORY

538       The old Netscape certificate sequences were no longer documented in
539       OpenSSL 1.1.0; applications should use the PKCS7 standard instead as
540       they will be formally deprecated in a future releases.
541
542       PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey_ex(), PEM_read_PrivateKey_ex(),
543       PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY_ex(), PEM_read_PUBKEY_ex() and
544       PEM_read_bio_Parameters_ex() were introduced in OpenSSL 3.0.
545
546       The functions PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey(), PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey(),
547       PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(), PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(),
548       PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey(), PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(),
549       PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey(), PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(),
550       PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(), PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY(),
551       PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(), PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(),
552       PEM_read_bio_DSAPrivateKey(), PEM_read_DSAPrivateKey(),
553       PEM_write_bio_DSAPrivateKey(), PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(),
554       PEM_read_bio_DSA_PUBKEY(), PEM_read_DSA_PUBKEY(),
555       PEM_write_bio_DSA_PUBKEY(), PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY();
556       PEM_read_bio_DSAparams(), PEM_read_DSAparams(),
557       PEM_write_bio_DSAparams(), PEM_write_DSAparams(),
558       PEM_read_bio_DHparams(), PEM_read_DHparams(), PEM_write_bio_DHparams()
559       and PEM_write_DHparams() were deprecated in 3.0.
560
562       Copyright 2001-2022 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
563
564       Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License").  You may not use
565       this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
566       in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
567       <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
568
569
570
5713.0.9                             2023-07-27    PEM_READ_BIO_PRIVATEKEY(3ossl)
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