1TURBOSTAT(8)                System Manager's Manual               TURBOSTAT(8)
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NAME

6       turbostat - Report processor frequency and idle statistics
7

SYNOPSIS

9       turbostat [Options] command
10       turbostat [Options] [--interval seconds]
11

DESCRIPTION

13       turbostat  reports processor topology, frequency, idle power-state sta‐
14       tistics, temperature and power on X86 processors.  There are  two  ways
15       to invoke turbostat.  The first method is to supply a command, which is
16       forked and statistics are printed in one-shot upon its completion.  The
17       second method is to omit the command, and turbostat displays statistics
18       every 5 seconds interval.  The 5-second interval can be  changed  using
19       the --interval option.
20
21       Some information is not available on older processors.
22
23   Options
24       Options  can be specified with a single or double '-', and only as much
25       of the option name as necessary to disambiguate it from others is  nec‐
26       essary.  Note that options are case-sensitive.
27
28       --add attributes add column with counter having specified 'attributes'.
29       The 'location' attribute is required, all others are optional.
30            location: {msrDDD | msr0xXXX | /sys/path...}
31                 msrDDD is a decimal offset, eg. msr16
32                 msr0xXXX is a hex offset, eg. msr0x10
33                 /sys/path... is an absolute path to a sysfs attribute
34
35            scope: {cpu | core | package}
36                 sample and print the counter for every cpu, core, or package.
37                 default: cpu
38
39            size: {u32 | u64 }
40                 MSRs are read as 64-bits, u32 truncates the displayed value to 32-bits.
41                 default: u64
42
43            format: {raw | delta | percent}
44                 'raw' shows the MSR contents in hex.
45                 'delta' shows the difference in values during the measurement interval.
46                 'percent' shows the delta as a percentage of the cycles elapsed.
47                 default: delta
48
49            name: "name_string"
50                 Any string that does not match a key-word above is used
51                 as the column header.
52
53       --cpu cpu-set limit output to system summary plus  the  specified  cpu-
54       set.  If cpu-set is the string "core", then the system summary plus the
55       first CPU in each core are printed -- eg. subsequent  HT  siblings  are
56       not  printed.   Or  if cpu-set is the string "package", then the system
57       summary plus the first CPU in each package is printed.  Otherwise,  the
58       system summary plus the specified set of CPUs are printed.  The cpu-set
59       is ordered from low to high, comma delimited with ".." and "-"  permit‐
60       ted to denote a range. eg. 1,2,8,14..17,21-44
61
62       --hide  column  do not show the specified built-in columns.  May be in‐
63       voked multiple times, or with a comma-separated list of column names.
64
65       --enable column show the specified built-in columns, which  are  other‐
66       wise  disabled,  by default.  Currently the only built-in counters dis‐
67       abled  by  default  are  "usec",  "Time_Of_Day_Seconds",   "APIC"   and
68       "X2APIC".  The column name "all" can be used to enable all disabled-by-
69       default built-in counters.
70
71       --show column show only the specified built-in columns.  May be invoked
72       multiple times, or with a comma-separated list of column names.
73
74       --show  CATEGORY  --hide  CATEGORY   Show and hide also accept a single
75       CATEGORY of columns: "all", "topology", "idle",  "frequency",  "power",
76       "sysfs", "other".
77
78       --Dump displays the raw counter values.
79
80       --quiet  Do not decode and print the system configuration header infor‐
81       mation.
82
83       --interval seconds overrides the default 5.0 second measurement  inter‐
84       val.
85
86       --num_iterations num number of the measurement iterations.
87
88       --out  output_file  turbostat  output  is written to the specified out‐
89       put_file.  The file is truncated if it already exists, and it  is  cre‐
90       ated if it does not exist.
91
92       --help displays usage for the most common parameters.
93
94       --Joules displays energy in Joules, rather than dividing Joules by time
95       to print power in Watts.
96
97       --list display column header names available  for  use  by  --show  and
98       --hide, then exit.
99
100       --Summary limits output to a 1-line System Summary for each interval.
101
102       --TCC temperature sets the Thermal Control Circuit temperature for sys‐
103       tems which do not export that value.  This is used for making sense  of
104       the  Digital Thermal Sensor outputs, as they return degrees Celsius be‐
105       low the TCC activation temperature.
106
107       --version displays the version.
108
109       The command parameter forks command, and upon its  exit,  displays  the
110       statistics gathered since it was forked.
111

ROW DESCRIPTIONS

113       The  system  configuration dump (if --quiet is not used) is followed by
114       statistics.  The first row of the statistics labels the content of each
115       column  (below).   The  second  row of statistics is the system summary
116       line.  The system summary line has a '-' in the columns for  the  Pack‐
117       age, Core, and CPU.  The contents of the system summary line depends on
118       the type of column.  Columns that count items (eg. IRQ)  show  the  sum
119       across all CPUs in the system.  Columns that show a percentage show the
120       average across all CPUs in the system.  Columns that dump raw MSR  val‐
121       ues  simply  show 0 in the summary.  After the system summary row, each
122       row describes a specific Package/Core/CPU.  Note that if the --cpu  pa‐
123       rameter  is  used to limit which specific CPUs are displayed, turbostat
124       will still collect statistics for all CPUs in the system and will still
125       show the system summary for all CPUs in the system.
126

COLUMN DESCRIPTIONS

128       usec  For  each  CPU, the number of microseconds elapsed during counter
129       collection, including thread migration -- if any.  This counter is dis‐
130       abled  by default, and is enabled with "--enable usec", or --debug.  On
131       the summary row, usec refers to the total elapsed time to  collect  the
132       counters on all cpus.
133
134       Time_Of_Day_Seconds  For  each  CPU,  the  gettimeofday(2)  value (sec‐
135       onds.subsec since Epoch) when the counters ending the  measurement  in‐
136       terval  were collected.  This column is disabled by default, and can be
137       enabled with "--enable Time_Of_Day_Seconds" or "--debug".  On the  sum‐
138       mary row, Time_Of_Day_Seconds refers to the timestamp following collec‐
139       tion of counters on the last CPU.
140
141       Core processor core number.  Note that multiple CPUs per core  indicate
142       support for Intel(R) Hyper-Threading Technology (HT).
143
144       CPU Linux CPU (logical processor) number.  Yes, it is okay that on many
145       systems the CPUs are not listed in numerical order  --  for  efficiency
146       reasons,  turbostat  runs  in topology order, so HT siblings appear to‐
147       gether.
148
149       Package processor package number -- not present on systems with a  sin‐
150       gle processor package.
151
152       Avg_MHz  number  of cycles executed divided by time elapsed.  Note that
153       this includes idle-time when 0 instructions are executed.
154
155       Busy% percent of the measurement interval that  the  CPU  executes  in‐
156       structions, aka. % of time in "C0" state.
157
158       Bzy_MHz  average  clock  rate  while  the CPU was not idle (ie. in "c0"
159       state).
160
161       TSC_MHz average MHz that the TSC ran during the entire interval.
162
163       IRQ The number of interrupts serviced by that CPU during  the  measure‐
164       ment interval.  The system total line is the sum of interrupts serviced
165       across all CPUs.  turbostat parses /proc/interrupts  to  generate  this
166       summary.
167
168       SMI The number of System Management Interrupts  serviced CPU during the
169       measurement interval.  While this counter is actually per-CPU, SMI  are
170       triggered  on  all processors, so the number should be the same for all
171       CPUs.
172
173       C1, C2, C3... The number times Linux requested  the  C1,  C2,  C3  idle
174       state  during  the measurement interval.  The system summary line shows
175       the sum for all CPUs.  These are C-state names as exported in  /sys/de‐
176       vices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpuidle/state*/name.    While   their  names  are
177       generic, their attributes are processor specific. They the  system  de‐
178       scription section of output shows what MWAIT sub-states they are mapped
179       to on each system.
180
181       C1%, C2%, C3% The residency percentage that  Linux  requested  C1,  C2,
182       C3....   The  system  summary is the average of all CPUs in the system.
183       Note that these are software, reflecting what was requested.  The hard‐
184       ware counters reflect what was actually achieved.
185
186       CPU%c1,  CPU%c3,  CPU%c6, CPU%c7 show the percentage residency in hard‐
187       ware core idle states.  These numbers are from hardware residency coun‐
188       ters.
189
190       CoreTmp  Degrees  Celsius reported by the per-core Digital Thermal Sen‐
191       sor.
192
193       PkgTmp Degrees Celsius reported by the per-package Package Thermal Mon‐
194       itor.
195
196       GFX%rc6  The  percentage  of  time the GPU is in the "render C6" state,
197       rc6,      during       the       measurement       interval.       From
198       /sys/class/drm/card0/power/rc6_residency_ms.
199
200       GFXMHz  Instantaneous snapshot of what sysfs presents at the end of the
201       measurement      interval.       From       /sys/class/graphics/fb0/de‐
202       vice/drm/card0/gt_cur_freq_mhz.
203
204       Pkg%pc2,  Pkg%pc3,  Pkg%pc6,  Pkg%pc7  percentage residency in hardware
205       package idle states.  These numbers are from hardware  residency  coun‐
206       ters.
207
208       PkgWatt Watts consumed by the whole package.
209
210       CorWatt Watts consumed by the core part of the package.
211
212       GFXWatt Watts consumed by the Graphics part of the package -- available
213       only on client processors.
214
215       RAMWatt Watts consumed by the DRAM DIMMS -- available  only  on  server
216       processors.
217
218       PKG_%  percent  of  the interval that RAPL throttling was active on the
219       Package.  Note that the system summary is the sum of the package throt‐
220       tling time, and thus may be higher than 100% on a multi-package system.
221       Note that the meaning of this field is model  specific.   For  example,
222       some  hardware  increments  this  counter when RAPL responds to thermal
223       limits, but does not increment this counter when RAPL responds to power
224       limits.  Comparing PkgWatt and PkgTmp to system limits is necessary.
225
226       RAM_% percent of the interval that RAPL throttling was active on DRAM.
227
228       UncMHz uncore MHz, instantaneous sample.
229

TOO MUCH INFORMATION EXAMPLE

231       By  default,  turbostat dumps all possible information -- a system con‐
232       figuration header, followed by columns for all counters.  This is ideal
233       for  remote  debugging,  use the "--out" option to save everything to a
234       text file, and get that file to the expert helping you debug.
235
236       When you are not interested in all that information, and there are sev‐
237       eral  ways  to see only what you want.  First the "--quiet" option will
238       skip the configuration information, and turbostat will  show  only  the
239       counter  columns.  Second, you can reduce the columns with the "--hide"
240       and "--show" options.  If you use the "--show" option,  then  turbostat
241       will  show  only the columns you list.  If you use the "--hide" option,
242       turbostat will show all columns, except the ones you list.
243
244       To find out what columns are  available  for  --show  and  --hide,  the
245       "--list"  option  is  available.  Usually, the CATEGORY names above are
246       used to refer to groups of counters.  Also, for convenience,  the  spe‐
247       cial  string  "sysfs"  can be used to refer to all of the sysfs C-state
248       counters at once:
249
250       sudo ./turbostat --show sysfs --quiet sleep 10
251       10.003837 sec
252            C1   C1E  C3   C6   C7s  C1%  C1E% C3%  C6%  C7s%
253            4    21   2    2    459  0.14 0.82 0.00 0.00 98.93
254            1    17   2    2    130  0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 99.80
255            0    0    0    0    31   0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.95
256            2    1    0    0    52   1.14 6.49 0.00 0.00 92.21
257            1    2    0    0    52   0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 99.86
258            0    0    0    0    71   0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.89
259            0    0    0    0    25   0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.96
260            0    0    0    0    74   0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.94
261            0    1    0    0    24   0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.84
262

ONE SHOT COMMAND EXAMPLE

264       If turbostat is invoked with a command, it will fork that  command  and
265       output  the statistics gathered after the command exits.  In this case,
266       turbostat output goes to stderr, by default.   Output  can  instead  be
267       saved  to  a  file using the --out option.  In this example, the "sleep
268       10" command is forked, and turbostat waits for it  to  complete  before
269       saving  all statistics into "ts.out".  Note that "sleep 10" is not part
270       of turbostat, but is simply an example of a command that turbostat  can
271       fork.   The  "ts.out" file is what you want to edit in a very wide win‐
272       dow, paste into a spreadsheet, or attach to a bugzilla entry.
273
274       [root@hsw]# ./turbostat -o ts.out sleep 10
275       [root@hsw]#
276
277

PERIODIC INTERVAL EXAMPLE

279       Without a command to fork, turbostat displays statistics  ever  5  sec‐
280       onds.  Periodic output goes to stdout, by default, unless --out is used
281       to specify an output file.  The 5-second interval can be  changed  with
282       the "-i sec" option.
283       sudo turbostat --quiet --show CPU,frequency
284            Core CPU  Avg_MHz   Busy%     Bzy_MHz   TSC_MHz   CPU%c7    UncMhz
285            -    -    524  12.48     4198 3096 74.53     3800
286            0    0    4    0.09 4081 3096 98.88     3800
287            0    4    1    0.02 4063 3096
288            1    1    2    0.06 4063 3096 99.60
289            1    5    2    0.05 4070 3096
290            2    2    4178 99.52     4199 3096 0.00
291            2    6    3    0.08 4159 3096
292            3    3    1    0.04 4046 3096 99.66
293            3    7    0    0.01 3989 3096
294            Core CPU  Avg_MHz   Busy%     Bzy_MHz   TSC_MHz   CPU%c7    UncMhz
295            -    -    525  12.52     4198 3096 74.54     3800
296            0    0    4    0.10 4051 3096 99.49     3800
297            0    4    2    0.04 3993 3096
298            1    1    3    0.07 4054 3096 99.56
299            1    5    4    0.10 4018 3096
300            2    2    4178 99.51     4199 3096 0.00
301            2    6    4    0.09 4143 3096
302            3    3    2    0.06 4026 3096 99.10
303            3    7    7    0.17 4074 3096
304       This  example  also shows the use of the --show option to show only the
305       desired columns.
306
307

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION INFORMATION EXAMPLE

309       By default, turbostat always dumps system configuration information be‐
310       fore  taking  measurements.  In the example above, "--quiet" is used to
311       suppress that output.  Here is an example of the configuration informa‐
312       tion:
313       turbostat version 2022.04.16 - Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
314       Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.18.0-rc6-00001-ge6891250e3b5 ...
315       CPUID(0): GenuineIntel 0x16 CPUID levels
316       CPUID(1): family:model:stepping 0x6:9e:9 (6:158:9) microcode 0xea
317       CPUID(0x80000000): max_extended_levels: 0x80000008
318       CPUID(1): SSE3 MONITOR - EIST TM2 TSC MSR ACPI-TM HT TM
319       CPUID(6): APERF, TURBO, DTS, PTM, HWP, HWPnotify, HWPwindow, HWPepp, No-HWPpkg, EPB
320       cpu7: MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE: 0x00850089 (TCC EIST MWAIT PREFETCH TURBO)
321       CPUID(7): SGX
322       cpu7: MSR_IA32_FEATURE_CONTROL: 0x00000005 (Locked )
323       CPUID(0x15): eax_crystal: 2 ebx_tsc: 258 ecx_crystal_hz: 0
324       TSC: 3096 MHz (24000000 Hz * 258 / 2 / 1000000)
325       CPUID(0x16): base_mhz: 3100 max_mhz: 4200 bus_mhz: 100
326       cpu7: MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT: 0x00401cc0 (ENable-EIST_Coordination DISable-EPB DISable-OOB)
327       RAPL: 5825 sec. Joule Counter Range, at 45 Watts
328       cpu7: MSR_PLATFORM_INFO: 0x80839f1011f00
329       8 * 100.0 = 800.0 MHz max efficiency frequency
330       31 * 100.0 = 3100.0 MHz base frequency
331       cpu7: MSR_IA32_POWER_CTL: 0x002c005d (C1E auto-promotion: DISabled)
332       cpu7: MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT: 0x2728292a
333       39 * 100.0 = 3900.0 MHz max turbo 4 active cores
334       40 * 100.0 = 4000.0 MHz max turbo 3 active cores
335       41 * 100.0 = 4100.0 MHz max turbo 2 active cores
336       42 * 100.0 = 4200.0 MHz max turbo 1 active cores
337       cpu7: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_NOMINAL: 0x0000001f (base_ratio=31)
338       cpu7: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_1: 0x00000000 ()
339       cpu7: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_2: 0x00000000 ()
340       cpu7: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_CONTROL: 0x80000000 ( lock=1)
341       cpu7: MSR_TURBO_ACTIVATION_RATIO: 0x00000000 (MAX_NON_TURBO_RATIO=0 lock=0)
342       cpu7: MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL: 0x1e008008 (UNdemote-C3, UNdemote-C1, demote-C3, demote-C1, locked, pkg-cstate-limit=8 (unlimited))
343       Uncore Frequency pkg0 die0: 800 - 3900 MHz (800 - 3900 MHz)
344       /dev/cpu_dma_latency: 2000000000 usec (default)
345       current_driver: intel_idle
346       current_governor: menu
347       current_governor_ro: menu
348       cpu7: POLL: CPUIDLE CORE POLL IDLE
349       cpu7: C1: MWAIT 0x00
350       cpu7: C1E: MWAIT 0x01
351       cpu7: C3: MWAIT 0x10
352       cpu7: C6: MWAIT 0x20
353       cpu7: C7s: MWAIT 0x33
354       cpu7: C8: MWAIT 0x40
355       cpu7: C9: MWAIT 0x50
356       cpu7: C10: MWAIT 0x60
357       cpu7: cpufreq driver: intel_pstate
358       cpu7: cpufreq governor: performance
359       cpufreq intel_pstate no_turbo: 0
360       cpu7: MSR_MISC_FEATURE_CONTROL: 0x00000000 (L2-Prefetch L2-Prefetch-pair L1-Prefetch L1-IP-Prefetch)
361       cpu0: MSR_PM_ENABLE: 0x00000001 (HWP)
362       cpu0: MSR_HWP_CAPABILITIES: 0x01101f53 (high 83 guar 31 eff 16 low 1)
363       cpu0: MSR_HWP_REQUEST: 0x00005353 (min 83 max 83 des 0 epp 0x0 window 0x0 pkg 0x0)
364       cpu0: MSR_HWP_INTERRUPT: 0x00000001 (EN_Guaranteed_Perf_Change, Dis_Excursion_Min)
365       cpu0: MSR_HWP_STATUS: 0x00000004 (No-Guaranteed_Perf_Change, No-Excursion_Min)
366       cpu0: EPB: 6 (balanced)
367       cpu0: MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT: 0x000a0e03 (0.125000 Watts, 0.000061 Joules, 0.000977 sec.)
368       cpu0: MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO: 0x00000168 (45 W TDP, RAPL 0 - 0 W, 0.000000 sec.)
369       cpu0: MSR_PKG_POWER_LIMIT: 0x42820800218208 (UNlocked)
370       cpu0: PKG Limit #1: ENabled (65.000 Watts, 64.000000 sec, clamp ENabled)
371       cpu0: PKG Limit #2: ENabled (65.000 Watts, 0.002441* sec, clamp DISabled)
372       cpu0: MSR_VR_CURRENT_CONFIG: 0x00000000
373       cpu0: PKG Limit #4: 0.000000 Watts (UNlocked)
374       cpu0: MSR_DRAM_POWER_LIMIT: 0x5400de00000000 (UNlocked)
375       cpu0: DRAM Limit: DISabled (0.000 Watts, 0.000977 sec, clamp DISabled)
376       cpu0: MSR_PP0_POLICY: 0
377       cpu0: MSR_PP0_POWER_LIMIT: 0x00000000 (UNlocked)
378       cpu0: Cores Limit: DISabled (0.000 Watts, 0.000977 sec, clamp DISabled)
379       cpu0: MSR_PP1_POLICY: 0
380       cpu0: MSR_PP1_POWER_LIMIT: 0x00000000 (UNlocked)
381       cpu0: GFX Limit: DISabled (0.000 Watts, 0.000977 sec, clamp DISabled)
382       cpu0: MSR_IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET: 0x00640000 (100 C) (100 default - 0 offset)
383       cpu0: MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_STATUS: 0x88200800 (68 C)
384       cpu0: MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_INTERRUPT: 0x00000003 (100 C, 100 C)
385       cpu7: MSR_PKGC3_IRTL: 0x0000884e (valid, 79872 ns)
386       cpu7: MSR_PKGC6_IRTL: 0x00008876 (valid, 120832 ns)
387       cpu7: MSR_PKGC7_IRTL: 0x00008894 (valid, 151552 ns)
388       cpu7: MSR_PKGC8_IRTL: 0x000088fa (valid, 256000 ns)
389       cpu7: MSR_PKGC9_IRTL: 0x0000894c (valid, 339968 ns)
390       cpu7: MSR_PKGC10_IRTL: 0x00008bf2 (valid, 1034240 ns)
391
392       The  max  efficiency  frequency, a.k.a. Low Frequency Mode, is the fre‐
393       quency available at the minimum package voltage.  The TSC frequency  is
394       the  base  frequency  of  the  processor -- this should match the brand
395       string in /proc/cpuinfo.  This base frequency should be sustainable  on
396       all  CPUs indefinitely, given nominal power and cooling.  The remaining
397       rows show what maximum turbo frequency is  possible  depending  on  the
398       number  of  idle  cores.  Note that not all information is available on
399       all processors.
400

ADD COUNTER EXAMPLE

402       Here we limit turbostat to showing just the CPU number for cpu0 - cpu3.
403       We   add   a  counter  showing  the  32-bit  raw  value  of  MSR  0x199
404       (MSR_IA32_PERF_CTL), labeling it with the  column  header,  "PRF_CTRL",
405       and display it only once, afte the conclusion of a 0.1 second sleep.
406       sudo ./turbostat --quiet --cpu 0-3 --show CPU --add msr0x199,u32,raw,PRF_CTRL sleep .1
407       0.101604 sec
408       CPU    PRF_CTRL
409       -    0x00000000
410       0    0x00000c00
411       1    0x00000800
412       2    0x00000a00
413       3    0x00000800
414
415
416

INPUT

418       For  interval-mode, turbostat will immediately end the current interval
419       when it sees a newline on standard input.  turbostat  will  then  start
420       the next interval.  Control-C will be send a SIGINT to turbostat, which
421       will immediately abort the program with no further processing.
422

SIGNALS

424       SIGINT will interrupt interval-mode.  The end-of-interval data will  be
425       collected and displayed before turbostat exits.
426
427       SIGUSR1  will  end  current interval, end-of-interval data will be col‐
428       lected and displayed before turbostat starts a new interval.
429

NOTES

431       turbostat must be run as root.  Alternatively, non-root  users  can  be
432       enabled to run turbostat this way:
433
434       # setcap cap_sys_admin,cap_sys_rawio,cap_sys_nice=+ep path/to/turbostat
435
436       # chmod +r /dev/cpu/*/msr
437
438       # chmod +r /dev/cpu_dma_latency
439
440       turbostat  reads hardware counters, but doesn't write them.  So it will
441       not interfere with the OS or other programs, including multiple invoca‐
442       tions of itself.
443
444       turbostat  may  work  poorly  on  Linux-2.6.20 through 2.6.29, as acpi-
445       cpufreq periodically cleared the APERF and MPERF MSRs in those kernels.
446
447       AVG_MHz = APERF_delta/measurement_interval.  This is the actual  number
448       of  elapsed  cycles  divided by the entire sample interval -- including
449       idle time.  Note that this calculation is resilient to systems  lacking
450       a non-stop TSC.
451
452       TSC_MHz  = TSC_delta/measurement_interval.  On a system with an invari‐
453       ant TSC, this value will be constant and will closely  match  the  base
454       frequency  value shown in the brand string in /proc/cpuinfo.  On a sys‐
455       tem where the TSC stops in idle, TSC_MHz will drop  below  the  proces‐
456       sor's base frequency.
457
458       Busy% = MPERF_delta/TSC_delta
459
460       Bzy_MHz = TSC_delta/APERF_delta/MPERF_delta/measurement_interval
461
462       Note that these calculations depend on TSC_delta, so they are not reli‐
463       able during intervals when TSC_MHz is not  running  at  the  base  fre‐
464       quency.
465
466       Turbostat  data  collection is not atomic.  Extremely short measurement
467       intervals (much less than 1 second), or system activity  that  prevents
468       turbostat  from  being able to run on all CPUS to quickly collect data,
469       will result in inconsistent results.
470
471       The APERF, MPERF MSRs are defined to count non-halted cycles.  Although
472       it  is  not guaranteed by the architecture, turbostat assumes that they
473       count at TSC rate, which is true on all processors tested to date.
474
475

REFERENCES

477       Volume  3B:  System  Programming   Guide"   https://www.intel.com/prod
478       ucts/processor/manuals/
479
480

FILES

482       /dev/cpu/*/msr
483
484

SEE ALSO

486       msr(4), vmstat(8)
487

AUTHOR

489       Written by Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
490
491
492
493                                                                  TURBOSTAT(8)
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