1CPUID(1)                    General Commands Manual                   CPUID(1)
2
3
4

NAME

6       cpuid - Dump CPUID information for each CPU
7

SYNOPSIS

9       cpuid [options...]
10

DESCRIPTION

12       cpuid  dumps  detailed  information  about the CPU(s) gathered from the
13       CPUID instruction, and also determines the exact model of  CPU(s)  from
14       that information.
15
16       It dumps all information available from the CPUID instruction.  The ex‐
17       act collection of information available  varies  between  manufacturers
18       and processors.  The following information is available consistently on
19       all modern CPUs:
20
21            vendor_id
22            version information (1/eax)
23            miscellaneous (1/ebx)
24            feature information (1/ecx)
25
26       It also produces synthetic fields based on  information  from  multiple
27       CPUID  functions.   Currently, the synthetic fields are the exact model
28       of each CPU (but see LIMITATIONS below) as (synth); the multiprocessing
29       characteristics including the number of cores per chip (c) and the num‐
30       ber of hyperthreads per core (t) as (multi-processing synth); and a de‐
31       coding of the APIC physical ID as (APIC synth).
32
33       The determination of the model is based on the following information:
34
35            version information (1/eax), processor type
36            version information (1/eax), family
37            version information (1/eax), model
38            version information (1/eax), stepping id
39            version information (1/eax), extended family
40            version information (1/eax), extended model
41            feature information (1/ecx), virtual machine extensions
42            brand id (1/ebx)
43            brand (0x80000004)
44            cache and TLB information (2)
45            deterministic cache parameters (4/eax), extra processor cores
46            AMD extended brand id (0x80000001/ebx)
47            AMD extended processor signature (0x80000001/eax)
48            Transmeta processor revision ID (0x80860001/ebx & ecx)
49
50       The  determination  of the multiprocessing characteristics and decoding
51       of APIC physical ID is based on the following information:
52
53            feature information (1/edx), hyper-threading / multi-core supported
54            miscellaneous (1/ebx), cpu count
55            deterministic cache parameters (4/eax), extra processor cores on this die
56            x2APIC features / processor topology (0xb)
57            AMD feature flags (0x80000001/ecx)
58            AMD Logical CPU cores (0x80000008/ecx), number of logical CPU cores - 1
59
60       In addition, a simpler and coarser determination of  the  CPU  is  per‐
61       formed  using  only the information listed above under version informa‐
62       tion (1/eax).  It is provided as (simple synth) under version  informa‐
63       tion  (1/eax).   However,  it tends to be unable to distinguish between
64       various modern CPUs.
65

OPTIONS

67       cpuid accepts the following command line arguments:
68
69       -1, --one-cpu
70               Display information only for the first CPU.  This cuts down  on
71               the  output on a multiprocessor system, and is useful when cer‐
72               tain that all CPUs are identical.
73
74       -f FILE, --file=FILE
75               Read raw hex information from FILE instead of  from  executions
76               of the cpuid instruction.  If the filename is '-', instead read
77               from standard input.
78
79       -l LEAF, --leaf=LEAF
80               Display information only for the specified LEAF.
81
82       -s SUBLEAF, --subleaf=SUBLEAF
83               Display information only for the  specified  SUBLEAF.   It  re‐
84               quires the -l or --leaf option to specify the LEAF.
85
86       -h, -H, --help
87               Display help information.
88
89       -i, --inst
90               Use  the CPUID instruction.  The information it provides is re‐
91               liable.  It is not necessary to be root  to  use  this  option.
92               (This option is the default.)
93
94       -k, --kernel
95               Use  the CPUID kernel module.  The information does not seem to
96               be reliable on all combinations of CPU type and kernel version.
97               Typically, it is necessary to be root to use this option.
98
99       -r, --raw
100               Display only raw hex information with no decoding.
101
102       -v, --version
103               Display cpuid version.
104

LIMITATIONS

106       There  are  numerous cases where there is no way to distinguish between
107       various CPUs in the (synth) information.  In some cases, the  sizes  of
108       caches,  number  of  cores, brand strings, etc., can be used to distin‐
109       guish multiple CPUs with the same family  and  model.   But  there  are
110       cases where that information is insufficient.  Whenever cpuid is unable
111       to distinguish between multiple CPUs, it will list all known possibili‐
112       ties.
113
114       If  you believe that a certain processor should be distinguishable from
115       another and it isn't, please inform the author of this tool.
116
117       The (multi-processing synth) information is unreliable on many  proces‐
118       sors.   It faithfully reports the information provided by the CPUID in‐
119       struction and decodes it as recommended by the processor manufacturers,
120       but  often that information is incorrect.  The information seems to in‐
121       dicate the architecture's capabilities, rather than what the particular
122       chip  actually  does.  In particular, it seems commonplace to claim the
123       presence of multiple hyperthreads when there is only one.
124

INFORMATION SOURCES

126       Information on the CPUID instruction and on specific CPUs is  available
127       from  the  following  documents  from Intel Corporation <http://www.in
128       tel.com/support/processors/index.htm>, with the specified Document Num‐
129       bers:
130
131              241618:  Intel  Processor  Identification and the CPUID Instruc‐
132              tion, Application Note 485
133              242480: Pentium Processor Specification Update
134              242689: Pentium Pro Processor Specification Update
135              243326: 60- and 66-MHz Pentium Processor Specification Update
136              243337: Intel Pentium II Processor Specification Update
137              243748: Intel Celeron Processor Specification Update
138              243776: Intel Pentium II Xeon Processor Specification Update
139              243887: Mobile Intel Pentium II Processor Specification Update
140              244444: Mobile Intel Celeron Processor at 466 MHz, 433 MHz,  400
141              MHz, 366 MHz, 333 MHz, 300 MHz, and 266 MHz Specification Update
142              244453: Intel Pentium III Processor Specification Update
143              244460: Intel Pentium III Xeon Processor Specification Update
144              245306: Mobile Intel Pentium III Processor and Mobile Intel Pen‐
145              tium III Processor-M Specification Update
146              245421: Mobile Intel Celeron Processor (0.18u and 0.13u)  Speci‐
147              fication Update
148              249199: Intel Pentium 4 Processor Specification Update
149              249678: Intel Xeon Processor Specification Update
150              250721: Mobile Intel Pentium 4 Processor-M Specification Update
151              251309:  Mobile Intel Celeron Processor on .13 Micron Process in
152              Micro-FCPGA Package Specification Update
153              252665: Intel Pentium M Processor Specification Update
154              253176: Mobile Intel Pentium 4 Processor with 533 MHz System Bus
155              Specification Update
156              253666:  64  and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual
157              Volume 2A: Instruction Set Reference, A-M.
158              276613: Detecting Multi-Core  Processor  Topology  in  an  IA-32
159              Platform by Khang Nguyen and Shihjong Kuo
160              290741: Intel Xeon Processor MP Specification Update
161              290749:  Intel Celeron Processor in the 478-Pin Package Specifi‐
162              cation Update
163              300303: Intel Celeron M Processor Specification Update
164              302209: Intel Pentium M Processor on 90nm Process with  2-MB  L2
165              Cache Specification Update
166              302352: Intel Pentium 4 Processor on 90 nm Process Specification
167              Update
168              302354: Intel Celeron D Processor 3xx Sequence Specification Up‐
169              date
170              302402: Intel Xeon Processor with 800 MHz System Bus
171              302441:  Mobile  Intel  Pentium  4  Processor  supporting Hyper-
172              Threading Technology on 90-nm process  technology  Specification
173              Update
174              306752: 64-bit Intel Xeon Processor MP with 1 MB L2 Cache Speci‐
175              fication Update
176              306757: 64-bit Intel Xeon Processor MP with up to 8 MB L3  Cache
177              Specification Update
178              306832:  Intel  Pentium Processor Extreme Edition and Intel Pen‐
179              tium D Processor Specification Update
180              309159: Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor  2.80  GHz  Specification
181              Update
182              309222:  Intel  Core Duo Processor and Intel Core Solo Processor
183              on 65 nm Process Specification Update
184              309627: Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor 7000 Sequence  Specifica‐
185              tion Update
186              310307: Intel Pentium D Processor 900 Sequence and Intel Pentium
187              Processor Extreme Edition 955, 965 Specification Update
188              310309: Intel Pentium 4 Processor 6x1 Sequence Specification Up‐
189              date
190              311392:  Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor LV and ULV Specification
191              Update 311827: Intel Celeron D Processor 300 Sequence Specifica‐
192              tion Update
193              313065: Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor 5000 Series Specification
194              Update
195              313279: Intel Core 2 Extreme Processor X6800 and  Intel  Core  2
196              Duo Desktop Processor E6000 Sequence Specification Update
197              313356: Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor 5100 Series Specification
198              Update
199              313515: Intel Pentium Dual-Core Processor Specification Update
200              314079: Intel Core 2 Duo and Intel Core 2 Solo Processor for In‐
201              tel  Centrino  Duo  Processor Technology Intel Celeron Processor
202              500 Series Specification Update  314554:  Dual-Core  Intel  Xeon
203              Processor 7100 Series Specification Update
204              314916: Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor 3000 Series Specification
205              Update
206              315593: Intel Core 2 Extreme Quad-Core Processor QX6000 Sequence
207              and Intel Core 2 Quad Processor Q6000 Sequence Specification Up‐
208              date
209              316134: Quad-Core Intel Xeon Processor 3200 Series Specification
210              Update
211              316515: Intel Pentium Dual-Core Processor Specification Update
212              316964: Intel Celeron Processor 400 Series Specification Update
213              316982:  Intel  Pentium Dual-Core Desktop Processor E2000 Series
214              Specification Update
215              317667: Intel Celeron Processor 500 Series Specification Update
216              318081: Intel Xeon Processor 7200 and 7300 Series  Specification
217              Update
218              318547:  Intel  Celeron Processor 200 Sequence Specification Up‐
219              date
220              318585: Intel Xeon Processor 5400 Series Specification Update
221              318586: Intel Xeon Processor 5200 Series Specification Update
222              318727: Intel Core 2 Extreme Processor QX9000 Series  and  Intel
223              Core 2 Quad Processor Q9000, Q9000S, Q8000, Q8000S Series Speci‐
224              fication Update
225              318733: Intel Core 2 Duo Processor E8000 and E7000 Series Speci‐
226              fication Update
227              318915: Intel Core 2 Duo Processor and Intel Core 2 Extreme Pro‐
228              cessor on 45-nm Process Specification Update
229              318925: Intel Celeron Dual-Core Processor E1000 Series  Specifi‐
230              cation Update
231              319006: Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor 3100 Series Specification
232              Update
233              319007: Quad-Core Intel Xeon Processor 3300 Series Specification
234              Update
235              319129:  Intel Core 2 Extreme Processor QX9775 Specification Up‐
236              date
237              319433: Intel Architecture Instruction Set  Extensions  Program‐
238              ming Reference
239              319536: Intel Atom Processor Z5xx Series Specification Update
240              319735:  Intel Celeron Dual-Core Processor T1x00 Series Specifi‐
241              cation Update
242              319978: Intel Atom Processor 200 Series Specification Update
243              320047: Intel Atom Processor N270 Series Specification Update
244              320121: Intel Core 2 Extreme Quad-Core Mobile  Processor,  Intel
245              Core  2  Quad Mobile Processor, Intel Core 2 Extreme Mobile Pro‐
246              cessor, Intel Core 2 Duo Mobile Processor, Intel Core 2 Solo Mo‐
247              bile  Processor  and  Intel  Celeron  Processor on 45-nm Process
248              Specification Update
249              320257: Intel EP80579 Integrated Processor Product Line Specifi‐
250              cation Update
251              320336: Intel Xeon Processor 7400 Series Specification Update
252              320468:  Intel Pentium Dual-Core E6000 and E5000 Series Specifi‐
253              cation Update
254              320529: Intel Atom Processor 300 Series Specification Update
255              320767: Intel Core i7-900 Mobile Processor Extreme  Edition  Se‐
256              ries, Intel Core i7-800 and i7-700 Mobile Processor Series Spec‐
257              ification Update
258              320836: Intel Core i7-900 Desktop Processor Extreme Edition  Se‐
259              ries  and  Intel Core i7-900 Desktop Processor Series Specifica‐
260              tion Update
261              321324: Intel Xeon Processor 5500 Series Specification Update
262              321333: Intel Xeon Processor 3500 Series Specification Update
263              322166: Intel Core i7-800 and i5-700  Desktop  Processor  Series
264              Specification Update
265              322373: Intel Xeon Processor 3400 Series Specification Update
266              322568:  Intel  Celeron Processor E3x00 Series Specification Up‐
267              date
268              322849: Intel Atom Processor N400 Series Specification Update
269              322861: Intel Atom Processor D400 Series (Single Core)  Specifi‐
270              cation Update
271              322862:  Intel Atom Processor D500 Series (Dual Core) Specifica‐
272              tion Update
273              322814: Intel Core i7-600, i5-500, i5-400 and i3-300 Mobile Pro‐
274              cessor Series Specification Update
275              322911:  Intel  Core i5-600, i3-500 Desktop Processor Series and
276              Intel Pentium Processor G6950 Specification Update
277              323056: Intel Xeon Processor L3406 Specification Update
278              323179: Intel  Core  i7-660UE,  i7-620LE/UE,  i7-610E,  i5-520E,
279              i3-330E   and   Intel  Celeron  Processor  P4505,  U3405  Series
280              Datasheet Addendum Specification Update
281              323105: Intel Xeon Processor  C5500/C3500  Series  Specification
282              Update
283              323254:  Intel Core i7-900 Desktop Processor Extreme Edition Se‐
284              ries and Intel Core i7-900 Desktop  Processor  Series  on  32-nm
285              Process Specification Update
286              323338: Intel Xeon Processor 3600 Series Specification Update
287              323344: Intel Xeon Processor 7500 Series Specification Update
288              323372: Intel Xeon Processor 5600 Series Specification Update
289              323874:  Intel  Pentium  P6000 and U5000 Mobile Processor Series
290              Specification Update
291              324209: Intel Atom Processor E6xx Series Specification Update
292              324341: Intel Atom Processor N500 Series Specification Update
293              Intel 64 Architecture Processor Topology  Enumeration  (Whitepa‐
294              per) by Shih Kuo
295              324456:  Intel  Celeron  Mobile Processor P4000 and U3000 Series
296              Specification Update
297              324643: 2nd Generation Intel Core Processor Family Desktop Spec‐
298              ification Update
299              324827: 2nd Generation Intel Core Processor Family Mobile Speci‐
300              fication Update
301              324972: Intel Xeon Processor E3-1200 Product  Family  Specifica‐
302              tion Update
303              325122: Intel Xeon Processor E7-8800 / 4800 / 2800 Product Fami‐
304              lies Specification Update
305              325307: Intel Atom Processor Z600 Series Specification Update
306              325309: Intel Atom Processor Z6000 Series Specification Update
307              325462: Intel 64 and IA-32  Architectures  Software  Developer's
308              Manual  Combined Volumes: 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and
309              4
310              325630: Intel Atom Processor Z6xx Series Specification Update
311              326140: Intel Atom Processor N2000 and D2000  Series  Specifica‐
312              tion Update
313              326198:  Intel  Core i7 Processor Family for the LGA-2011 Socket
314              Specification Update
315              326510: Intel Xeon Processor E5 Family Specification Update
316              326766: Desktop 3rd Generation Intel Core Processor Family Spec‐
317              ification Update
318              326770: Mobile 3rd Generation Intel Core Processor Family Speci‐
319              fication Update
320              326774: Intel Xeon Processor E3-1200 v2 Product Family  Specifi‐
321              cation Update
322              327335:  Intel Xeon and Intel Core Processors For Communications
323              Infrastructure Specification Update
324              328105: Intel Atom Processor Z2760 Specification Update
325              328198: Intel  Atom  Processor  S1200  Product  Family  for  Mi‐
326              croserver Specification Update
327              328205:  Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessor x100 Product Family Specifi‐
328              cation Update
329              328899: Desktop 4th Generation Intel Core Processor Family Spec‐
330              ification Update
331              328903: Mobile 4th Generation Intel Core Processor Family Speci‐
332              fication Update
333              328908: Intel Xeon Processor E3-1200 v3 Product Family  Specifi‐
334              cation Update
335              329189:  Intel Xeon Processor E5 v2 Product Family Specification
336              Update
337              329376: Intel Xeon E3-1125C v2, E3-1105C v2,  Intel  Core  3115C
338              and Intel Pentium Processor B925C Specification Update
339              329460:  Intel Atom Processor C2000 Product Family Specification
340              Update
341              329475: Intel Atom Processor Z3600 and Z3700  Series  Specifica‐
342              tion Update
343              329597:  Intel Xeon Processor E7 v2 Product Family Specification
344              Update
345              329671/600827:  Intel  Pentium  Processor  N3500-series,  J2850,
346              J2900  and  Intel  Celeron Processor N2900-series, N2800-series,
347              J1800-series, J1900, J1750 Specification Update
348              329676: Intel Quark SoC X1000 Datasheet
349              329901/600834: Intel Atom Processor E3800 Specification Update
350              330785: Intel Xeon Processor E5 v3 Product Family  Specification
351              Update
352              330836: 5th Generation Intel Core Processor Family, Intel Core M
353              Processor Family, Mobile Intel Pentium Processor Family, and Mo‐
354              bile Intel Celeron Processor Family Specification Update
355              330841:  Intel  Core  i7  Processor Family for LGA2011-v3 Socket
356              Specification Update
357              332054: Intel Xeon Processor D-1500 Product Family Specification
358              Update
359              332067: Intel Atom Z8000 Processor Series Specification Update
360              332095:  Intel  N-Series  Intel  Pentium  Processors  and  Intel
361              Celeron Processors Specification Update
362              332317: Intel Xeon Processor E7 v3 Product Family  Specification
363              Update
364              332381:  Mobile/Desktop 5th Generation Intel Core Processor Fam‐
365              ily Specification Update
366              332689: 6th Generation Intel Core Processor Family Specification
367              Update
368              333133:  Intel Xeon Processor E3-1200 v5 Product Family Specifi‐
369              cation Update
370              333811: Intel Xeon Processor E5-2600 v4 Product Family  Specifi‐
371              cation Update
372              334165:  Intel  Xeon  Processor  E7-8800/4800  v4 Product Family
373              Specification Update
374              334208: Intel Core i7 Processor  Family  for  LGA2011-v3  Socket
375              Specification Update
376              334525: Control-flow Enforcement Technology Preview
377              334646: Intel Xeon Phi Processor x200 Product Family Preliminary
378              Specification Update
379              334663: 7th Generation Intel Processor Family Specification  Up‐
380              date  Supporting  7th  Generation  Intel Core Processor Families
381              based on U/Y-Processor Line
382              334820: Intel Pentium and Celeron Processor  N-  and  J-  Series
383              Specification Update
384              335252: 5-Level Paging and 5-Level EPT White Paper
385              335718/730694:  Intel  Xeon  Processor E3-1200 v6 Product Family
386              Specification Update
387              335864: Intel Celeron Processor J1800, J1900, N2807,  and  N2930
388              for Internet of Things Specification Update Addendum
389              335901:  Intel  Core X-Series Processor Family Specification Up‐
390              date
391              336065/613537: Intel Xeon Processor Scalable  Family  Specifica‐
392              tion Update
393              336345:  Intel Atom Processor C3000 Product Family Specification
394              Update
395              336466: 8th Generation Intel Processor  Family  for  S-Processor
396              Platforms Specification Update
397              336505:  Intel  Xeon Processor Scalable Family Specification Up‐
398              date
399              336562: Intel Pentium Silver and Intel Celeron Processors Speci‐
400              fication Update
401              337346: 8th and 9th Generation Intel Core Processor Family Spec‐
402              ification Update
403              336907: Intel Architecture Memory Encryption Technologies Speci‐
404              fication
405              338014: Intel Xeon E-2100 and E-2200 Processor Family Specifica‐
406              tion Update
407              338025: 8th Generation Intel Core Processor Families  Specifica‐
408              tion Update
409              338848:  Second Generation Intel Xeon Scalable Processors Speci‐
410              fication Update
411              338854: Intel Xeon D-2100 Processor Product Family Specification
412              Update
413              341079: 10th Generation Intel Core Processor Families Specifica‐
414              tion Update
415              343754: Intel Trust Domain CPU Architectural Extensions
416              344425: Architecture Specification: Intel  Trust  Domain  Exten‐
417              sions (Intel TDX) Module
418              346466: Intel Flexible Return and Event Delivery (FRED) Specifi‐
419              cation
420              615213: 10th Generation Intel Core Processor  Specification  Up‐
421              date
422              631123:  11th  Generation Intel Core Processor Family Specifica‐
423              tion Update
424              634808: 11th Generation Intel Core Processor  Specification  Up‐
425              date  Supporting  11th  Generation Intel Core Processor Families
426              for S Platform, formerly known as Rocket Lake
427              634897: 3rd Generation Intel Xeon Scalable Processors,  Codename
428              Cooper Lake Specification Update
429              637780:  3rd  Gen  Intel  Xeon Scalable Processors, Codename Ice
430              Lake Specification Update
431              682436: 12th Generation Intel Core Processor  Specification  Up‐
432              date  Supporting 12th Generation Intel Core Processor for S Pro‐
433              cessor Line Platforms, formerly known as Alder Lake
434              709192: Intel Xeon E-2300 Processor Family Specification Update
435              714071: Intel Xeon D-2700 Processor Family Specification Update
436              743844: 13th Generation Intel Core Processors Datasheet,  Volume
437              1  of  2  Supporting  13th  Generation  Intel Core Processor for
438              S/P/PX/H/HX/U Processor Line Platforms, formerly known as Raptor
439              Lake
440              759603:  Intel  Processor  and Intel Core i3 N-Series Datasheet,
441              Volume 1 of 2
442              764616: Intel Processor and Intel Core i3 N-series Specification
443              Update
444              772415: 4th Gen Intel Xeon Scalable Processors Codename Sapphire
445              Rapids Specification Update
446              Intel Microcode Update Guidance
447              Branch History Injection and Intra-mode Branch Target  Injection
448              / CVE-2022-0001, CVE-2022-0002 / INTEL-SA-00598
449              Intel  Transactional Synchronization Extensions (Intel TSX) Mem‐
450              ory and Performance Monitoring Update for Intel Processors  (Ar‐
451              ticle ID 000059422)
452              Retpoline: A Branch Target Injection Mitigation
453              Special Register Buffer Data Sampling
454
455       Information  on the CPUID instruction and on specific CPUs is available
456       from  the  following  documents  from  Advanced  Micro  Devices,   Inc.
457       <http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/TechnicalResources>,    with   the
458       specified Publication Numbers:
459
460              20734: AMD Processor Recognition Application Note
461              21266: AMD-K6 Processor Revision Guide Model 6
462              21641: AMD-K6-2 Processor Revision Guide Model 8
463              21846: AMD-K6 Processor Revision Guide Model 7
464              22473: AMD-K6-III Processor Revision Guide Model 9
465              23614: AMD Athlon Processor Model 4 Revision Guide
466              23865: AMD Duron Processor Model 3 Revision Guide
467              24332: AMD Athlon Processor Model 6 Revision Guide
468              24594: AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual Volume 3: General-
469              Purpose and System Instructions
470              24806: AMD Duron Processor Model 7 Revision Guide
471              25481: CPUID Specification
472              25703: AMD Athlon Processor Model 8 Revision Guide
473              25759:  Revision Guide for AMD Athlon 64 and AMD Opteron Proces‐
474              sors
475              26094: BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide for AMD Athlon  64  and
476              AMD Opteron Processors
477              27532: AMD Athlon Processor Model 10 Revision Guide
478              31177H: AMD Geode NX Processors Data Book
479              31610: Revision Guide for AMD NPT Family 0Fh Processors
480              33234F: AMD Geode LX Processors Data Book
481              40332: AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual: Volumes 1-5
482              41322: Revision Guide for AMD Family 10h Processors
483              41788: Revision Guide for AMD Family 11h Processors
484              44739: Revision Guide for AMD Family 12h Processors
485              47534:  Revision Guide for AMD Family 14h Models 00h-0Fh Proces‐
486              sors
487              48063: Revision Guide for AMD Family 15h Models 00h-0Fh  Proces‐
488              sors
489              48931:  Revision Guide for AMD Family 15h Models 10h-1Fh Proces‐
490              sors
491              51603: Revision Guide for AMD Family 15h Models 30h-3Fh  Proces‐
492              sors
493              51810:  Revision Guide for AMD Family 16h Models 00h-0Fh Proces‐
494              sors
495              53072: Revision Guide for AMD Family 16h Models 30h-3Fh  Proces‐
496              sors
497              54945:  Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD Family 17h
498              Models 01h,0h, Revision B2 Processors
499              54945: Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD Family  17h
500              Models 01h,08h Revision B2 Processors
501              55370:  Revision Guide for AMD Family 15h Models 70h-7Fh Proces‐
502              sors
503              55449: Revision Guide for AMD Family 17h Models 00h-0Fh  proces‐
504              sors
505              55570-B1:  Processor  Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD Family
506              17h Model 18h, Revision B1 Processors
507              55766: Secure Encrypted Virtualization API Version 0.16  Techni‐
508              cal Preview
509              55772-A1:  Processor  Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD Family
510              17h Model 20h, Revision A1 Processors
511              55898: Preliminary Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD
512              Family 19h Model 01h, Revision B1 Processors
513              56214:  Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD Family 19h
514              Model 21h, Revision B0 Processors
515              56569: Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD Family  19h
516              Model 51h, Revision A1 Processors
517              55901: Preliminary Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD
518              Family 19h Model 11h, Revision B1 Processors
519              55922-A1: Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for  AMD  Family
520              17h Model 60h, Revision A1 Processors
521              55803: Preliminary Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD
522              Family 17h Model 31h, Revision B0 Processors
523              56176: Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD Family  17h
524              Model 71h, Revision B0 Processors
525              56375: AMD64 Technology Platform Quality of Service Extensions
526              57095:  Revision Guide for AMD Family 19h Models 10h-1Fh Proces‐
527              sors
528              AMD64 Technology Indirect Branch Control  Extension  (White  Pa‐
529              per), Revision 4.10.18
530              AMD64 Technology Speculative Store Bypass Disable (White Paper),
531              Revision 5.21.18
532              Technical Guidance For Mitigating Branch Type  Confusion  (White
533              Paper), Revision 2022-07-12
534
535       Information  on the CPUID instruction and on specific CPUs is available
536       from   the   following    documents    from    Transmeta    Corporation
537       <http://www.transmeta.com/crusoe_docs/Crusoe_CPUID_5-7-02.pdf>:
538
539              Processor Recognition, 2002/05/07
540
541       Information  on the CPUID instruction and on specific CPUs is available
542       from the following documents from Cyrix:
543
544              Application Note 112: Cyrix CPU Detection Guide
545              Cyrix 6x86 Processor, Instruction Set
546
547       The linux kernel can be a source of information on CPUID  flags,  using
548       X86_FEATURE_* definitions in arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h.  Also,
549       it can be used to learn about Intel microarchitectures in  arch/x86/in‐
550       clude/asm/intel-family.h.
551
552       Information  on  generic hypervisor CPUID leaves is available from this
553       proposal: <http://lwn.net/Articles/301888/>.
554
555       Information on KVM hypervisor CPUID leaves is available from the  Linux
556       kernel under Documentation/virtual/kvm/cpuid.txt.
557
558       Information  on  XEN hypervisor CPUID leaves is deduced from source in‐
559       spection,  mainly  from   xen's   include/public/arch-x86/cpuid.h   and
560       arch/x86/traps.c.
561
562       Information  on Microsoft hypervisor CPUID leaves is available from the
563       following  documents  from  Microsoft:  <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
564       us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/reference/tlfs>                and
565       <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hard
566       ware/ff542428%28v=vs.85%29.aspx>.
567
568       Also, information is available from the following web sites:
569
570              <http://www.sandpile.org/x86/cpuid.htm>
571              <http://instlatx64.atw.hu/>
572              <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitec
573              tures>
574              <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitec
575              tures>
576              <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors>
577              <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessors>
578              <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:X86_microprocessors>
579

AUTHOR

581       Todd Allen <cpuid@etallen.com>
582
583
584
58520230614                          14 Jun 2023                         CPUID(1)
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