1SYSTEMD-ESCAPE(1) systemd-escape SYSTEMD-ESCAPE(1)
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6 systemd-escape - Escape strings for usage in systemd unit names
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9 systemd-escape [OPTIONS...] [STRING...]
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12 systemd-escape may be used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd
13 unit names. The command may be used to escape and to undo escaping of
14 strings.
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16 The command takes any number of strings on the command line, and will
17 process them individually, one after another. It will output them
18 separated by spaces to stdout.
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20 By default, this command will escape the strings passed, unless
21 --unescape is passed which results in the inverse operation being
22 applied. If --mangle is given, a special mode of escaping is applied
23 instead, which assumes the string is already escaped but will escape
24 everything that appears obviously non-escaped.
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26 For details on the escaping and unescaping algorithms see the relevant
27 section in systemd.unit(5).
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30 The following options are understood:
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32 --suffix=
33 Appends the specified unit type suffix to the escaped string. Takes
34 one of the unit types supported by systemd, such as "service" or
35 "mount". May not be used in conjunction with --template=,
36 --unescape or --mangle.
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38 --template=
39 Inserts the escaped strings in a unit name template. Takes a unit
40 name template such as foobar@.service. With --unescape, expects
41 instantiated unit names for this template and extracts and
42 unescapes just the instance part. May not be used in conjunction
43 with --suffix=, --instance or --mangle.
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45 --path, -p
46 When escaping or unescaping a string, assume it refers to a file
47 system path. This eliminates leading, trailing or duplicate "/"
48 characters and rejects "." and ".." path components. This is
49 particularly useful for generating strings suitable for unescaping
50 with the "%f" specifier in unit files, see systemd.unit(5).
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52 --unescape, -u
53 Instead of escaping the specified strings, undo the escaping,
54 reversing the operation. May not be used in conjunction with
55 --suffix= or --mangle.
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57 --mangle, -m
58 Like --escape, but only escape characters that are obviously not
59 escaped yet, and possibly automatically append an appropriate unit
60 type suffix to the string. May not be used in conjunction with
61 --suffix=, --template= or --unescape.
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63 --instance
64 With --unescape, unescape and print only the instance part of an
65 instantiated unit name template. Results in an error for an
66 uninstantiated template like ssh@.service or a non-template name
67 like ssh.service. Must be used in conjunction with --unescape and
68 may not be used in conjunction with --template.
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70 -h, --help
71 Print a short help text and exit.
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73 --version
74 Print a short version string and exit.
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77 To escape a single string:
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79 $ systemd-escape 'Hallöchen, Meister'
80 Hall\xc3\xb6chen\x2c\x20Meister
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82 To undo escaping on a single string:
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84 $ systemd-escape -u 'Hall\xc3\xb6chen\x2c\x20Meister'
85 Hallöchen, Meister
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87 To generate the mount unit for a path:
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89 $ systemd-escape -p --suffix=mount "/tmp//waldi/foobar/"
90 tmp-waldi-foobar.mount
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92 To generate instance names of three strings:
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94 $ systemd-escape --template=systemd-nspawn@.service 'My Container 1' 'containerb' 'container/III'
95 systemd-nspawn@My\x20Container\x201.service systemd-nspawn@containerb.service systemd-nspawn@container-III.service
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97 To extract the instance part of an instantiated unit:
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99 $ systemd-escape -u --instance 'systemd-nspawn@My\x20Container\x201.service'
100 My Container 1
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102 To extract the instance part of an instance of a particular template:
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104 $ systemd-escape -u --template=systemd-nspawn@.service 'systemd-nspawn@My\x20Container\x201.service'
105 My Container 1
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108 On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.
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111 systemd(1), systemd.unit(5), systemctl(1)
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115systemd 254 SYSTEMD-ESCAPE(1)