Net::OAuth(3pm)

1Net::OAuth(3pm)       User Contributed Perl Documentation      Net::OAuth(3pm)
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NAME

6       Net::OAuth - OAuth 1.0 for Perl
7

SYNOPSIS

9         # Web Server Example (Dancer)
10
11         # This example is simplified for illustrative purposes, see the complete code in /demo
12
13         # Note that client_id is the Consumer Key and client_secret is the Consumer Secret
14
15         use Dancer;
16         use Net::OAuth::Client;
17
18         sub client {
19               Net::OAuth::Client->new(
20                       config->{client_id},
21                       config->{client_secret},
22                       site => 'https://www.google.com/',
23                       request_token_path => '/accounts/OAuthGetRequestToken?scope=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fm8%2Ffeeds%2F',
24                       authorize_path => '/accounts/OAuthAuthorizeToken',
25                       access_token_path => '/accounts/OAuthGetAccessToken',
26                       callback => uri_for("/auth/google/callback"),
27                       session => \&session,
28               );
29         }
30
31         # Send user to authorize with service provider
32         get '/auth/google' => sub {
33               redirect client->authorize_url;
34         };
35
36         # User has returned with token and verifier appended to the URL.
37         get '/auth/google/callback' => sub {
38
39               # Use the auth code to fetch the access token
40               my $access_token =  client->get_access_token(params->{oauth_token}, params->{oauth_verifier});
41
42               # Use the access token to fetch a protected resource
43               my $response = $access_token->get('/m8/feeds/contacts/default/full');
44
45               # Do something with said resource...
46
47               if ($response->is_success) {
48                 return "Yay, it worked: " . $response->decoded_content;
49               }
50               else {
51                 return "Error: " . $response->status_line;
52               }
53         };
54
55         dance;
56

IMPORTANT

58       Net::OAuth provides a low-level API for reading and writing OAuth
59       messages.
60
61       You probably should start with Net::OAuth::Client.
62

ABSTRACT

64       OAuth is
65
66       "An open protocol to allow secure API authentication in a simple and
67       standard method from desktop and web applications."
68
69       In practical terms, OAuth is a mechanism for a Consumer to request
70       protected resources from a Service Provider on behalf of a user.
71
72       Please refer to the OAuth spec: <http://oauth.net/documentation/spec>
73
74       Net::OAuth provides:
75
76       •   classes that encapsulate OAuth messages (requests and responses).
77
78       •   message signing
79
80       •   message serialization and parsing.
81
82       •   2-legged requests (aka. tokenless requests, aka. consumer
83           requests), see "CONSUMER REQUESTS"
84
85       Net::OAuth does not provide:
86
87       •   Consumer or Service Provider encapsulation
88
89       •   token/nonce/key storage/management
90

DESCRIPTION

92   OAUTH MESSAGES
93       An OAuth message is a set of key-value pairs.  The following message
94       types are supported:
95
96       Requests
97
98       •   Request Token (Net::OAuth::RequestTokenRequest)
99
100       •   Access Token (Net::OAuth::AccessTokenRequest)
101
102       •   User Authentication (Net::OAuth::UserAuthRequest)
103
104       •   Protected Resource (Net::OAuth::ProtectedResourceRequest)
105
106       •   Consumer Request (Net::OAuth::ConsumerRequest) (2-legged / token-
107           less request)
108
109       Responses
110
111       •   Request Token (Net::OAuth::RequestTokenResponse)
112
113       •   Access Token (Net::OAuth:AccessTokenResponse)
114
115       •   User Authentication (Net::OAuth::UserAuthResponse)
116
117       Each OAuth message type has one or more required parameters, zero or
118       more optional parameters, and most allow arbitrary parameters.
119
120       All OAuth requests must be signed by the Consumer.  Responses from the
121       Service Provider, however, are not signed.
122
123       To create a message, the easiest way is to use the factory methods
124       (Net::OAuth->request, Net::OAuth->response, Net::OAuth->message).  The
125       following method invocations are all equivalent:
126
127        $request = Net::OAuth->request('user authentication')->new(%params);
128        $request = Net::OAuth->request('user_auth')->new(%params);
129        $request = Net::OAuth->request('UserAuth')->new(%params);
130        $request = Net::OAuth->message('UserAuthRequest')->new(%params);
131
132       The more verbose way is to use the class directly:
133
134        use Net::OAuth::UserAuthRequest;
135        $request = Net::OAuth::UserAuthRequest->new(%params);
136
137       You can also create a message by deserializing it from a Authorization
138       header, URL, query hash, or POST body
139
140        $request = Net::OAuth->request('protected resource')->from_authorization_header($ENV{HTTP_AUTHORIZATION}, %api_params);
141        $request = Net::OAuth->request('protected resource')->from_url($url, %api_params);
142        $request = Net::OAuth->request('protected resource')->from_hash({$q->Vars}, %api_params); # CGI
143        $request = Net::OAuth->request('protected resource')->from_hash($c->request->params, %api_params); # Catalyst
144        $response = Net::OAuth->response('request token')->from_post_body($response_content, %api_params);
145
146       Note that the deserialization methods (as opposed to new()) expect
147       OAuth protocol parameters to be prefixed with 'oauth_', as you would
148       expect in a valid OAuth message.
149
150       Before sending a request, the Consumer must first sign it:
151
152        $request->sign;
153
154       When receiving a request, the Service Provider should first verify the
155       signature:
156
157        die "Signature verification failed" unless $request->verify;
158
159       When sending a message the last step is to serialize it and send it to
160       wherever it needs to go.  The following serialization methods are
161       available:
162
163        $response->to_post_body # a application/x-www-form-urlencoded POST body
164
165        $request->to_url # the query string of a URL
166
167        $request->to_authorization_header # the value of an HTTP Authorization header
168
169        $request->to_hash # a hash that could be used for some other serialization
170
171   API PARAMETERS vs MESSAGE PARAMETERS
172       Net::OAuth defines 'message parameters' as parameters that are part of
173       the transmitted OAuth message.  These include any protocol parameter
174       (prefixed with 'oauth_' in the message), and any additional message
175       parameters (the extra_params hash).
176
177       'API parameters' are parameters required to build a message object that
178       are not transmitted with the message, e.g. consumer_secret,
179       token_secret, request_url, request_method.
180
181       There are various methods to inspect a message class to see what
182       parameters are defined:
183
184        $request->required_message_params;
185        $request->optional_message_params;
186        $request->all_message_params;
187        $request->required_api_params;
188        $request->optional_api_params;
189        $request->all_api_params;
190        $request->all_params;
191
192       E.g.
193
194        use Net::OAuth;
195        use Data::Dumper;
196        print Dumper(Net::OAuth->request("protected resource")->required_message_params);
197
198        $VAR1 = [
199                 'consumer_key',
200                 'signature_method',
201                 'timestamp',
202                 'nonce',
203                 'token'
204               ];
205
206   ACCESSING PARAMETERS
207       All parameters can be get/set using accessor methods. E.g.
208
209        my $consumer_key = $request->consumer_key;
210        $request->request_method('POST');
211
212   THE REQUEST_URL PARAMETER
213       Any query parameters in the request_url are removed and added to the
214       extra_params hash when generating the signature.
215
216       E.g. the following requests are pretty much equivalent:
217
218        my $request = Net::OAuth->request('Request Token')->new(
219         %params,
220         request_url => 'https://photos.example.net/request_token',
221         extra_params => {
222          foo => 'bar'
223         },
224       );
225
226        my $request = Net::OAuth->request('Request Token')->new(
227         %params,
228         request_url => 'https://photos.example.net/request_token?foo=bar',
229        );
230
231       Calling $request->request_url will still return whatever you set it to
232       originally. If you want to get the request_url with the query
233       parameters removed, you can do:
234
235           my $url = $request->normalized_request_url;
236
237   SIGNATURE METHODS
238       The following signature methods are supported:
239
240       •   PLAINTEXT
241
242       •   HMAC-SHA1
243
244       •   HMAC-SHA256
245
246       •   RSA-SHA1
247
248       The signature method is determined by the value of the signature_method
249       parameter that is passed to the message constructor.
250
251       If an unknown signature method is specified, the signing/verification
252       will throw an exception.
253
254       PLAINTEXT SIGNATURES
255
256       This method is a trivial signature which adds no security.  Not
257       recommended.
258
259       HMAC-SHA1 SIGNATURES
260
261       This method is available if you have Digest::HMAC_SHA1 installed.  This
262       is by far the most commonly used method.
263
264       HMAC-SHA256 SIGNATURES
265
266       This method is available if you have Digest::SHA installed.
267
268       RSA-SHA1 SIGNATURES
269
270       To use RSA-SHA1 signatures, pass in a Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA object (or
271       any object that can do $o->sign($str) and/or $o->verify($str, $sig))
272
273       E.g.
274
275       Consumer:
276
277        use Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA;
278        use File::Slurp;
279        $keystring = read_file('private_key.pem');
280        $private_key = Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA->new_private_key($keystring);
281        $request = Net::OAuth->request('request token')->new(%params);
282        $request->sign($private_key);
283
284       Service Provider:
285
286        use Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA;
287        use File::Slurp;
288        $keystring = read_file('public_key.pem');
289        $public_key = Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA->new_public_key($keystring);
290        $request = Net::OAuth->request('request token')->new(%params);
291        if (!$request->verify($public_key)) {
292               die "Signature verification failed";
293        }
294
295       Note that you can pass the key in as a parameter called 'signature_key'
296       to the message constructor, rather than passing it to the sign/verify
297       method, if you like.
298
299   CONSUMER REQUESTS
300       To send a request without including a token, use a Consumer Request:
301
302           my $request = Net::OAuth->request('consumer')->new(
303                   consumer_key => 'dpf43f3p2l4k3l03',
304                   consumer_secret => 'kd94hf93k423kf44',
305                   request_url => 'http://provider.example.net/profile',
306                   request_method => 'GET',
307                   signature_method => 'HMAC-SHA1',
308                   timestamp => '1191242096',
309                   nonce => 'kllo9940pd9333jh',
310           );
311
312           $request->sign;
313
314       See Net::OAuth::ConsumerRequest
315
316   I18N
317       Per the OAuth spec, when making the signature Net::OAuth first encodes
318       parameters to UTF-8. This means that any parameters you pass to
319       Net::OAuth, if they might be outside of ASCII character set, should be
320       run through Encode::decode() (or an equivalent PerlIO layer) first to
321       decode them to Perl's internal character sructure.
322
323   OAUTH 1.0A
324       Background:
325
326       <http://mojodna.net/2009/05/20/an-idiots-guide-to-oauth-10a.html>
327
328       <http://oauth.googlecode.com/svn/spec/core/1.0a/drafts/3/oauth-core-1_0a.html>
329
330       Net::OAuth defaults to OAuth 1.0 spec compliance, and supports OAuth
331       1.0 Rev A with an optional switch:
332
333        use Net::OAuth
334        $Net::OAuth::PROTOCOL_VERSION = Net::OAuth::PROTOCOL_VERSION_1_0A;
335
336       It is recommended that any new projects use this switch if possible,
337       and existing projects move to supporting this switch as soon as
338       possible.  Probably the easiest way for existing projects to do this is
339       to turn on the switch and run your test suite.  The Net::OAuth
340       constructor will throw an exception where the new protocol parameters
341       (callback, callback_confirmed, verifier) are missing.
342
343       Internally, the Net::OAuth::Message constructor checks
344       $Net::OAuth::PROTOCOL_VERSION and attempts to load the equivalent
345       subclass in the Net::OAuth::V1_0A:: namespace.  So if you instantiate a
346       Net::OAuth::RequestTokenRequest object, you will end up with a
347       Net::OAuth::V1_0A::RequestTokenRequest (a subclass of
348       Net::OAuth::RequestTokenRequest) if the protocol version is set to
349       PROTOCOL_VERSION_1_0A.  You can also select a 1.0a subclass on a per-
350       message basis by passing
351
352           protocol_version => Net::OAuth::PROTOCOL_VERSION_1_0A
353
354       in the API parameters hash.
355
356       If you are not sure whether the entity you are communicating with is
357       1.0A compliant, you can try instantiating a 1.0A message first and then
358       fall back to 1.0 if that fails:
359
360           use Net::OAuth
361           $Net::OAuth::PROTOCOL_VERSION = Net::OAuth::PROTOCOL_VERSION_1_0A;
362           my $is_oauth_1_0 = 0;
363           my $response = eval{Net::OAuth->response('request token')->from_post_body($res->content)};
364           if ($@) {
365               if ($@ =~ /Missing required parameter 'callback_confirmed'/) {
366                   # fall back to OAuth 1.0
367                   $response = Net::OAuth->response('request token')->from_post_body(
368                       $res->content,
369                       protocol_version => Net::OAuth::PROTOCOL_VERSION_1_0
370                   );
371                   $is_oauth_1_0 = 1; # from now on treat the server as OAuth 1.0 compliant
372               }
373               else {
374                   die $@;
375               }
376           }
377
378       At some point in the future, Net::OAuth will default to
379       Net::OAuth::PROTOCOL_VERSION_1_0A.
380

DEMO

382       There is a demo Consumer CGI in this package, also available online at
383       <http://oauth.kg23.com/>
384

TODO

396       •   Support for repeating/multivalued parameters
397
398       •   Add convenience methods for SPs
399
400           Something like:
401
402               # direct from CGI.pm object
403               $request = Net::OAuth->request('Request Token')->from_cgi_query($cgi, %api_params);
404
405               # direct from Catalyst::Request object
406               $request = Net::OAuth->request('Request Token')->from_catalyst_request($c->req, %api_params);
407
408               # from Auth header and GET and POST params in one
409               local $/;
410               my $post_body = <STDIN>;
411               $request = Net::OAuth->request('Request Token')->from_auth_get_and_post(
412                   $ENV{HTTP_AUTHORIZATION},
413                   $ENV{QUERY_STRING},
414                   $post_body,
415                   %api_params
416               );
417

AUTHOR

419       Keith Grennan, "<kgrennan at cpan.org>"
420

COPYRIGHT & LICENSE

422       Copyright 2009 Keith Grennan, all rights reserved.
423
424       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
425       under the same terms as Perl itself.
426
427
428
429perl v5.38.0                      2023-07-21                   Net::OAuth(3pm)