1Test::Mojibake(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation Test::Mojibake(3)
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6 Test::Mojibake - check your source for encoding misbehavior.
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9 version 1.3
10
12 # Test::Mojibake lets you check for inconsistencies in source/documentation encoding, and report its results in standard Test::Simple fashion.
13 no strict 'vars';
14 use Test::Mojibake;
16 file_encoding_ok($file, 'Valid encoding');
17 done_testing($num_tests);
18
20 Many modern text editors automatically save files using UTF-8
21 codification, however, perl interpreter does not expects it by default.
22 Whereas this does not represent a big deal on (most) backend-oriented
23 programs, Web framework (Catalyst <http://www.catalystframework.org/>,
24 Mojolicious <http://mojolicio.us/>) based applications will suffer of
25 so-called Mojibake <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojibake> (lit.
26 "unintelligible sequence of characters").
27 Even worse: if an editor saves BOM (Byte Order Mark, "U+FEFF" character
29 in Unicode) at the start of the script with executable bit set (on Unix
30 systems), it won't execute at all, due to shebang corruption.
31 Avoiding codification problems is quite simple:
33 • Always "use utf8"/"use common::sense" when saving source as UTF-8;
35 • Always specify "=encoding UTF-8" when saving POD as UTF-8;
37 • Do neither of above when saving as ISO-8859-1;
39 • Never save BOM (not that it's wrong; just avoid it as you'll barely
41 notice it's presence when in trouble).
42 However, if you find yourself upgrading old code to use UTF-8 or trying
44 to standardize a big project with many developers each one using a
45 different platform/editor, reviewing all files manually can be quite
46 painful. Specially in cases when some files have multiple encodings
47 (note: it all started when I realized that Gedit & derivatives are
48 unable to open files with character conversion tables).
49 Enter the Test::Mojibake ";)"
51
53 file_encoding_ok( FILENAME[, TESTNAME ] )
54 Validates the codification of "FILENAME".
55 When it fails, file_encoding_ok() will report the probable cause.
57 The optional second argument "TESTNAME" is the name of the test. If it
59 is omitted, file_encoding_ok() chooses a default test name "Mojibake
60 test for FILENAME".
61 all_files_encoding_ok( [@entries] )
63 Validates codification of all the files under @entries. It runs
64 all_files() on directories and assumes everything else to be a file to
65 be tested. It calls the plan() function for you (one test for each
66 file), so you can't have already called "plan".
67 If @entries is empty or not passed, the function finds all
69 source/documentation files in files in the blib directory if it exists,
70 or the lib directory if not. A source/documentation file is one that
71 ends with .pod, .pl and .pm, or any file where the first line looks
72 like a shebang line.
73 all_files( [@dirs] )
75 Returns a list of all the Perl files in @dirs and in directories below.
76 If no directories are passed, it defaults to blib if blib exists, or
77 else lib if not. Skips any files in CVS, .svn, .git and similar
78 directories. See %Test::Mojibake::ignore_dirs for a list of them.
79 A Perl file is:
81 • Any file that ends in .PL, .pl, .pm, .pod, or .t;
83 • Any file that has a first line with a shebang and "perl" on it;
85 • Any file that ends in .bat and has a first line with "--*-Perl-*--"
87 on it.
88 The order of the files returned is machine-dependent. If you want them
90 sorted, you'll have to sort them yourself.
91 _detect_utf8( \$string )
93 Detects presence of UTF-8 encoded characters in a referenced octet
94 stream.
95 Return codes:
97 • 0 - 8-bit characters detected, does not validate as UTF-8;
99 • 1 - only 7-bit characters;
101 • 2 - 8-bit characters detected, validates as UTF-8.
103 Unicode::CheckUTF8 is highly recommended, however, it is optional and
105 this function will fallback to the Pure Perl implementation of the
106 following PHP code:
107 <http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.utf8-encode.php#85293>
108
110 Module authors can include the following in a t/mojibake.t file and
111 have Test::Mojibake automatically find and check all source files in a
112 module distribution:
113 #!perl -T
115 use strict;
116 BEGIN {
118 unless ($ENV{RELEASE_TESTING}) {
119 require Test::More;
120 Test::More::plan(skip_all => 'these tests are for release candidate testing');
121 }
122 }
123 use Test::More;
125 eval 'use Test::Mojibake';
127 plan skip_all => 'Test::Mojibake required for source encoding testing' if $@;
128 all_files_encoding_ok();
130
132 Test::Mojibake validates codification of both source (Perl code) and
133 documentation (POD). Both are assumed to be encoded in ISO-8859-1 (aka
134 latin1). Perl switches to UTF-8 through the statement:
135 use utf8;
137 or:
139 use utf8::all;
141 or even:
143 use common::sense;
145 Similarly, POD encoding can be changed via:
147 =encoding UTF-8
149 Correspondingly, "no utf8"/"=encoding latin1" put Perl back into
151 ISO-8859-1 mode.
152 Actually, Test::Mojibake only cares about UTF-8, as it is roughly safe
154 to be detected. So, when UTF-8 characters are detected without
155 preceding declaration, an error is reported. On the other way,
156 non-UTF-8 characters in UTF-8 mode are wrong, either.
157 If present, Unicode::CheckUTF8 module (XS wrapper) will be used to
159 validate UTF-8 strings, note that it is 30 times faster and a lot more
160 Unicode Consortium compliant than the built-in Pure Perl
161 implementation!
162 UTF-8 BOM (Byte Order Mark) is also detected as an error. While Perl is
164 OK handling BOM, your OS probably isn't. Check out:
165 ./bom.pl: line 1: $'\357\273\277#!/usr/bin/perl': command not found
167 Caveats
169 Whole-line source comments, like:
170 # this is a whole-line comment...
172 print "### hello world ###\n"; # ...and this os not
173 are not checked at all. This is mainly because many scripts/modules do
175 contain authors' names in headers, before the proper encoding
176 specification. So, if you happen to have some acutes/umlauts in your
177 name and your editor sign your code in the similar way, you probably
178 won't be happy with Test::Mojibake flooding you with (false) error
179 messages.
180 If you are wondering why only whole-line comments are stripped, check
182 the second line of the above example.
183
185 • scan_mojibake
186 • common::sense
188 • utf8::all
190 • Dist::Zilla::Plugin::MojibakeTests
192 • Test::Perl::Critic
194 • Test::Pod
196 • Test::Pod::Coverage
198 • Test::Kwalitee
200
202 This module is based on Test::Pod.
203 Thanks to Andy Lester, David Wheeler, Paul Miller and Peter Edwards for
205 contributions and to "brian d foy" for the original code.
206
208 Stanislaw Pusep <stas@sysd.org>
209
211 This software is copyright (c) 2017 by Stanislaw Pusep.
212 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
214 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
215
217 • Dave Rolsky <autarch@urth.org>
218 • Hunter McMillen <mcmillhj@gmail.com>
220 • John SJ Anderson <john@genehack.org>
222 • Karen Etheridge <ether@cpan.org>
224perl v5.38.0 2023-07-21 Test::Mojibake(3)