1PERLTOC(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLTOC(1)
2
6 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
7
9 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
10 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
11 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12
14 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
15 SYNOPSIS
17 Overview
18 Tutorials
19 Reference Manual
20 Internals and C Language Interface
21 Miscellaneous
22 Language-Specific
23 Platform-Specific
24 DESCRIPTION
25 AVAILABILITY
26 ENVIRONMENT
27 AUTHOR
28 FILES
29 SEE ALSO
30 DIAGNOSTICS
31 BUGS
32 NOTES
33 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
35 DESCRIPTION
37 What is Perl?
38 Running Perl programs
39 Basic syntax overview
40 Perl variable types
41 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
42 Variable scoping
44 Conditional and looping constructs
45 if, while, for, foreach
46 Builtin operators and functions
48 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean
49 logic, Miscellaneous
50 Files and I/O
52 Regular expressions
53 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular
54 expressions, Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
55 Writing subroutines
57 OO Perl
58 Using Perl modules
59 AUTHOR
60 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
62 DESCRIPTION
64 Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
65 The Solution
66 Syntax
67 Making References
68 Using References
69 An Example
70 Arrow Rule
71 Solution
72 The Rest
73 Summary
74 Credits
75 Distribution Conditions
76 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
78 DESCRIPTION
80 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of
81 hashes, more elaborate constructs
82 REFERENCES
84 COMMON MISTAKES
85 CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
86 WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS "use strict"
87 DEBUGGING
88 CODE EXAMPLES
89 ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
90 Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
91 Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
92 Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
93 HASHES OF ARRAYS
94 Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
95 Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
96 Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
97 ARRAYS OF HASHES
98 Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
99 Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
100 Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
101 HASHES OF HASHES
102 Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
103 Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
104 Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
105 MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
106 Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
107 Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
108 Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
109 Database Ties
110 SEE ALSO
111 AUTHOR
112 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
114 DESCRIPTION
116 Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
117 Growing Your Own
118 Access and Printing
119 Slices
120 SEE ALSO
121 AUTHOR
122 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
124 DESCRIPTION
126 The Guide
127 Simple word matching
128 Using character classes
129 Matching this or that
130 Grouping things and hierarchical matching
131 Extracting matches
132 Matching repetitions
133 More matching
134 Search and replace
135 The split operator
136 BUGS
137 SEE ALSO
138 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
139 Acknowledgments
140 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
142 DESCRIPTION
144 Part 1: The basics
145 Simple word matching
146 Using character classes
147 Matching this or that
148 Grouping things and hierarchical matching
149 Extracting matches
150 Matching repetitions
151 Building a regexp
152 Using regular expressions in Perl
153 Part 2: Power tools
154 More on characters, strings, and character classes
155 Compiling and saving regular expressions
156 Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
157 Non-capturing groupings
158 Looking ahead and looking behind
159 Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
160 Conditional expressions
161 A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
162 Pragmas and debugging
163 BUGS
164 SEE ALSO
165 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
166 Acknowledgments
167 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
169 DESCRIPTION
171 If we could talk to the animals...
172 Introducing the method invocation arrow
173 Invoking a barnyard
174 The extra parameter of method invocation
175 Calling a second method to simplify things
176 Inheriting the windpipes
177 A few notes about @ISA
178 Overriding the methods
179 Starting the search from a different place
180 The SUPER way of doing things
181 Where we're at so far...
182 A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
183 Invoking an instance method
184 Accessing the instance data
185 How to build a horse
186 Inheriting the constructor
187 Making a method work with either classes or instances
188 Adding parameters to a method
189 More interesting instances
190 A horse of a different color
191 Summary
192 SEE ALSO
193 COPYRIGHT
194 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
196 DESCRIPTION
198 Creating a Class
199 Object Representation
200 Class Interface
201 Constructors and Instance Methods
202 Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
203 Destructors
204 Other Object Methods
205 Class Data
206 Accessing Class Data
207 Debugging Methods
208 Class Destructors
209 Documenting the Interface
210 Aggregation
211 Inheritance
212 Overridden Methods
213 Multiple Inheritance
214 UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
215 Alternate Object Representations
216 Arrays as Objects
217 Closures as Objects
218 AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
219 Autoloaded Data Methods
220 Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
221 Metaclassical Tools
222 Class::Struct
223 Data Members as Variables
224 NOTES
225 Object Terminology
226 SEE ALSO
227 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
228 COPYRIGHT
229 Acknowledgments
230 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
232 DESCRIPTION
234 Class Data in a Can
235 Class Data as Package Variables
236 Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
237 Inheritance Concerns
238 The Eponymous Meta-Object
239 Indirect References to Class Data
240 Monadic Classes
241 Translucent Attributes
242 Class Data as Lexical Variables
243 Privacy and Responsibility
244 File-Scoped Lexicals
245 More Inheritance Concerns
246 Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
247 Translucency Revisited
248 NOTES
249 SEE ALSO
250 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
251 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
252 HISTORY
253 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
255 DESCRIPTION
257 OO SCALING TIPS
258 INSTANCE VARIABLES
259 SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
260 INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
261 OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
262 OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
263 USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
264 THINKING OF CODE REUSE
265 CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
266 INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
267 DELEGATION
268 SEE ALSO
269 perlstyle - Perl style guide
271 DESCRIPTION
273 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
275 DESCRIPTION
277 The sheet
278 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
279 AUTHOR
280 SEE ALSO
281 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
283 DESCRIPTION
285 Awk Traps
286 C/C++ Traps
287 Sed Traps
288 Shell Traps
289 Perl Traps
290 Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
291 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps,
292 Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps -
293 scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular
294 Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting
295 Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
296 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
298 Symbols starting with "_" no longer forced into main, Double-
299 colon valid package separator in variable name, 2nd and 3rd
300 args to "splice()" are now in scalar context, Can't do "goto"
301 into a block that is optimized away, Can't use whitespace as
302 variable name or quote delimiter, "while/if BLOCK BLOCK" gone,
303 "**" binds tighter than unary minus, "foreach" changed when
304 iterating over a list, "split" with no args behavior changed,
305 -e behavior fixed, "push" returns number of elements in result‐
306 ing list, Some error messages differ, "split()" honors subrou‐
307 tine args, Bugs removed
308 Parsing Traps
310 Space between . and = triggers syntax error, Better parsing in
311 perl 5, Function parsing, String interpolation of $#array dif‐
312 fers, Perl guesses on "map", "grep" followed by "{" if it
313 starts BLOCK or hash ref
314 Numerical Traps
316 Formatted output and significant digits, Auto-increment opera‐
317 tor over signed int limit deleted, Assignment of return values
318 from numeric equality tests doesn't work, Bitwise string ops
319 General data type traps
321 Negative array subscripts now count from the end of array, Set‐
322 ting $#array lower now discards array elements, Hashes get
323 defined before use, Glob assignment from localized variable to
324 variable, Assigning "undef" to glob, Changes in unary negation
325 (of strings), Modifying of constants prohibited, "defined $var"
326 behavior changed, Variable Suicide
327 Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
329 Elements of argument lists for formats evaluated in list con‐
330 text, "caller()" returns false value in scalar context if no
331 caller present, Comma operator in scalar context gives scalar
332 context to args, "sprintf()" prototyped as "($;@)"
333 Precedence Traps
335 LHS vs. RHS of any assignment operator, Semantic errors intro‐
336 duced due to precedence, Precedence of assignment operators
337 same as the precedence of assignment, "open" requires parenthe‐
338 ses around filehandle, $: precedence over $:: gone, Precedence
339 of file test operators documented, "keys", "each", "values" are
340 regular named unary operators
341 General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
343 "s'$lhs'$rhs'" interpolates on either side, "m//g" attaches its
344 state to the searched string, "m//o" used within an anonymous
345 sub, $+ isn't set to whole match, Substitution now returns null
346 string if it fails, "s`lhs`rhs`" is now a normal substitution,
347 Stricter parsing of variables in regular expressions, "m?x?"
348 matches only once, Failed matches don't reset the match vari‐
349 ables
350 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
352 Barewords that used to look like strings look like subroutine
353 calls, Reverse is no longer allowed as the name of a sort sub‐
354 routine, "warn()" won't let you specify a filehandle
355 OS Traps
357 SysV resets signal handler correctly, SysV "seek()" appends
358 correctly
359 Interpolation Traps
361 "@" always interpolates an array in double-quotish strings,
362 Double-quoted strings may no longer end with an unescaped $,
363 Arbitrary expressions are evaluated inside braces within double
364 quotes, $$x now tries to dereference $x, Creation of hashes on
365 the fly with "eval "EXPR"" requires protection, Bugs in earlier
366 perl versions, Array and hash brackets during interpolation,
367 Interpolation of "\$$foo{bar}", "qq()" string passed to "eval"
368 will not find string terminator
369 DBM Traps
371 Perl5 must have been linked with same dbm/ndbm as the default
372 for "dbmopen()", DBM exceeding limit on the key/value size will
373 cause perl5 to exit immediately
374 Unclassified Traps
376 "require"/"do" trap using returned value, "split" on empty
377 string with LIMIT specified
378 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
380 DESCRIPTION
382 use strict
383 Looking at data and -w and v
384 help
385 Stepping through code
386 Placeholder for a, w, t, T
387 REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
388 OUTPUT TIPS
389 CGI
390 GUIs
391 SUMMARY
392 SEE ALSO
393 AUTHOR
394 CONTRIBUTORS
395 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2005/12/30
397 15:04:07 $)
398 DESCRIPTION
400 Where to get the perlfaq
401 How to contribute to the perlfaq
402 What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
403 authors
404 Credits
405 Author and Copyright Information
406 Bundled Distributions
407 Disclaimer
408 Table of Contents
409 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl,
410 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Program‐
411 ming Tools, perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and For‐
412 mats, perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Lan‐
413 guage Issues, perlfaq8 - System Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
414 The Questions
416 perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl
417 perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
418 perlfaq3: Programming Tools
419 perlfaq4: Data Manipulation
420 perlfaq5: Files and Formats
421 perlfaq6: Regular Expressions
422 perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues
423 perlfaq8: System Interaction
424 perlfaq9: Networking
425 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date:
427 2005/12/31 00:54:37 $)
428 DESCRIPTION
430 What is Perl?
431 Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
432 Which version of Perl should I use?
433 What are perl4, perl5, or perl6?
434 What is Ponie?
435 What is perl6?
436 How stable is Perl?
437 Is Perl difficult to learn?
438 How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
439 Scheme, or Tcl?
440 Can I do [task] in Perl?
441 When shouldn't I program in Perl?
442 What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
443 Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
444 What is a JAPH?
445 Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
446 How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
447 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
448 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
449 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date:
451 2005/12/31 00:54:37 $)
452 DESCRIPTION
454 What machines support perl? Where do I get it?
455 How can I get a binary version of perl?
456 I don't have a C compiler. How can I build my own Perl interpreter?
457 I copied the perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
458 don't work.
459 I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic load‐
460 ing/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
461 What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
462 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
463 Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
464 Where can I get information on Perl?
465 What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
466 Where should I post source code?
467 Perl Books
468 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
469 Perl in Magazines
471 Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
472 What mailing lists are there for Perl?
473 Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
474 Where can I buy a commercial version of perl?
475 Where do I send bug reports?
476 What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
477 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
478 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.56 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
480 00:54:37 $)
481 DESCRIPTION
483 How do I do (anything)?
484 How can I use Perl interactively?
485 Is there a Perl shell?
486 How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
487 How do I debug my Perl programs?
488 How do I profile my Perl programs?
489 How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
490 Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
491 Is there a ctags for Perl?
492 Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
493 Eclipse, Enginsite, Komodo, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, Perl‐
494 Builder, visiPerl+, Visual Perl, Zeus, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS,
495 XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit,
496 SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus, Alpha, BBEdit and BBE‐
497 dit Lite
498 Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
500 Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
501 How can I use curses with Perl?
502 How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
503 How can I make my Perl program run faster?
504 How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
505 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary
506 quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large vari‐
507 ables to disk
508 Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
510 How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
511 How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
512 How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
513 How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
514 How can I compile Perl into Java?
515 How can I get "#!perl" to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
516 Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
517 Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
518 Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
519 Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
520 Where can I learn about linking C with Perl?
521 I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C
522 program; what am I doing wrong?
523 When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
524 mean?
525 What's MakeMaker?
526 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
527 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.73 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
529 00:54:37 $)
530 DESCRIPTION
532 Data: Numbers
533 Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of
534 the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
535 Why is int() broken?
536 Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
537 Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
538 Trig functions?
539 How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
540 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert
541 from decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to
542 decimal, How do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I con‐
543 vert from binary to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
544 binary
545 Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
547 How do I multiply matrices?
548 How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
549 How can I output Roman numerals?
550 Why aren't my random numbers random?
551 How do I get a random number between X and Y?
552 Data: Dates
553 How do I find the day or week of the year?
554 How do I find the current century or millennium?
555 How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
556 How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
557 How can I find the Julian Day?
558 How do I find yesterday's date?
559 Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
560 Data: Strings
561 How do I validate input?
562 How do I unescape a string?
563 How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
564 How do I expand function calls in a string?
565 How do I find matching/nesting anything?
566 How do I reverse a string?
567 How do I expand tabs in a string?
568 How do I reformat a paragraph?
569 How can I access or change N characters of a string?
570 How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
571 How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
572 string?
573 How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
574 How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
575 [character]?
576 How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
577 How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
578 How do I extract selected columns from a string?
579 How do I find the soundex value of a string?
580 How can I expand variables in text strings?
581 What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
582 Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
583 There must be no space after the << part, There (probably)
584 should be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any
585 space in front of the tag
586 Data: Arrays
588 What is the difference between a list and an array?
589 What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
590 How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
591 How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
592 array?
593 How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute
594 the intersection of two arrays?
595 How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
596 How do I find the first array element for which a condition is
597 true?
598 How do I handle linked lists?
599 How do I handle circular lists?
600 How do I shuffle an array randomly?
601 How do I process/modify each element of an array?
602 How do I select a random element from an array?
603 How do I permute N elements of a list?
604 How do I sort an array by (anything)?
605 How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
606 Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
607 Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
608 How do I process an entire hash?
609 What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating
610 over it?
611 How do I look up a hash element by value?
612 How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
613 How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
614 How can I always keep my hash sorted?
615 What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
616 Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
617 How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
618 How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
619 How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
620 How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
621 Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
622 it?
623 How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash
624 or array of hashes or arrays?
625 How can I use a reference as a hash key?
626 Data: Misc
627 How do I handle binary data correctly?
628 How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/inte‐
629 ger/float?
630 How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
631 How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
632 How do I define methods for every class/object?
633 How do I verify a credit card checksum?
634 How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
635 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
636 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.42 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
638 00:54:37 $)
639 DESCRIPTION
641 How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
642 How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
643 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
644 How do I count the number of lines in a file?
645 How can I use Perl's "-i" option from within a program?
646 How can I copy a file?
647 How do I make a temporary file name?
648 How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
649 How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
650 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of file‐
651 handles?
652 How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
653 How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
654 How can I write() into a string?
655 How can I output my numbers with commas added?
656 How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
657 How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
658 Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
659 Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
660 How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
661 How can I reliably rename a file?
662 How can I lock a file?
663 Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
664 I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
665 the file. How can I do this?
666 All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
667 file. Do I still have to use locking?
668 How do I randomly update a binary file?
669 How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
670 How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
671 How do I print to more than one file at once?
672 How can I read in an entire file all at once?
673 How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
674 How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
675 How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
676 How do I do a "tail -f" in perl?
677 How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
678 How do I close a file descriptor by number?
679 Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
680 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
681 Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
682 Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does "-i" clobber
683 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
684 How do I select a random line from a file?
685 Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
686 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
687 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
689 00:54:37 $)
690 DESCRIPTION
692 How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegi‐
693 ble and unmaintainable code?
694 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Differ‐
695 ent Delimiters
696 I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
698 How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves
699 on different lines?
700 I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's
701 wrong?
702 How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
703 case on the RHS?
704 How can I make "\w" match national character sets?
705 How can I match a locale-smart version of "/[a-zA-Z]/"?
706 How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
707 What is "/o" really for?
708 How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
709 file?
710 Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
711 What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around
712 it?
713 How do I process each word on each line?
714 How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
715 How can I do approximate matching?
716 How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
717 Why don't word-boundary searches with "\b" work for me?
718 Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
719 What good is "\G" in a regular expression?
720 Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
721 What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
722 How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
723 How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
724 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
725 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
727 2005/12/31 00:54:37 $)
728 DESCRIPTION
730 Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
731 What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when
732 to use them?
733 Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
734 commas?
735 How do I skip some return values?
736 How do I temporarily block warnings?
737 What's an extension?
738 Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
739 How do I declare/create a structure?
740 How do I create a module?
741 How do I create a class?
742 How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
743 What's a closure?
744 What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
745 How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
746 Regex}?
747 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing
748 Regexes, Passing Methods
749 How do I create a static variable?
751 What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
752 Between local() and my()?
753 How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
754 is in scope?
755 What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
756 Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
757 How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
758 What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
759 How do I create a switch or case statement?
760 How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
761 methods?
762 Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
763 How can I find out my current package?
764 How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
765 How do I clear a package?
766 How can I use a variable as a variable name?
767 What does "bad interpreter" mean?
768 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
769 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
771 00:54:37 $)
772 DESCRIPTION
774 How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
775 How come exec() doesn't return?
776 How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
777 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
778 How do I print something out in color?
780 How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
781 How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
782 How do I clear the screen?
783 How do I get the screen size?
784 How do I ask the user for a password?
785 How do I read and write the serial port?
786 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-block‐
787 ing input
788 How do I decode encrypted password files?
790 How do I start a process in the background?
791 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
792 How do I trap control characters/signals?
794 How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
795 How do I set the time and date?
796 How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
797 How can I measure time under a second?
798 How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception han‐
799 dling)
800 Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
801 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
802 How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
803 Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
804 Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
805 How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
806 Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
807 How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
808 Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
809 What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
810 How can I call backticks without shell processing?
811 Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on
812 Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
813 How can I convert my shell script to perl?
814 Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
815 How can I write expect in Perl?
816 Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
817 "ps"?
818 I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl
819 script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script?
820 How do I get my changes to be visible?
821 Unix
822 How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
824 complete?
825 How do I fork a daemon process?
826 How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
827 How do I timeout a slow event?
828 How do I set CPU limits?
829 How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
830 How do I use an SQL database?
831 How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
832 How do I open a file without blocking?
833 How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and
834 perl?
835 How do I install a module from CPAN?
836 What's the difference between require and use?
837 How do I keep my own module/library directory?
838 How do I add the directory my program lives in to the mod‐
839 ule/library search path?
840 How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
841 What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
842 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
843 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 2005/12/31 00:54:37 $)
845 DESCRIPTION
847 What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
848 My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
849 Server Error)
850 How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
851 How do I remove HTML from a string?
852 How do I extract URLs?
853 How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
854 file on another machine?
855 How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
856 How do I fetch an HTML file?
857 How do I automate an HTML form submission?
858 How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
859 How do I redirect to another page?
860 How do I put a password on my web pages?
861 How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
862 How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause
863 my CGI script to do bad things?
864 How do I parse a mail header?
865 How do I decode a CGI form?
866 How do I check a valid mail address?
867 How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
868 How do I return the user's mail address?
869 How do I send mail?
870 How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
871 How do I read mail?
872 How do I find out my hostname, domainname, or IP address?
873 gethostbyname, Socket, Net::Domain, Sys::Hostname"
874 How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
875 How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
876 How can I do RPC in Perl?
877 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
878 perlsyn - Perl syntax
880 DESCRIPTION
882 Declarations
883 Comments
884 Simple Statements
885 Truth and Falsehood
886 Statement Modifiers
887 Compound Statements
888 Loop Control
889 For Loops
890 Foreach Loops
891 Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
892 Goto
893 PODs: Embedded Documentation
894 Plain Old Comments (Not!)
895 perldata - Perl data types
897 DESCRIPTION
899 Variable names
900 Context
901 Scalar values
902 Scalar value constructors
903 List value constructors
904 Subscripts
905 Slices
906 Typeglobs and Filehandles
907 SEE ALSO
908 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
910 DESCRIPTION
912 Operator Precedence and Associativity
913 Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
914 The Arrow Operator
915 Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
916 Exponentiation
917 Symbolic Unary Operators
918 Binding Operators
919 Multiplicative Operators
920 Additive Operators
921 Shift Operators
922 Named Unary Operators
923 Relational Operators
924 Equality Operators
925 Bitwise And
926 Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
927 C-style Logical And
928 C-style Logical Or
929 Range Operators
930 Conditional Operator
931 Assignment Operators
932 Comma Operator
933 List Operators (Rightward)
934 Logical Not
935 Logical And
936 Logical or and Exclusive Or
937 err operator, logical, defined or operator, logical, exclusive
938 or or xor err"
939 C Operators Missing From Perl
940 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
941 Quote and Quote-like Operators
943 Regexp Quote-Like Operators
944 ?PATTERN? , m/PATTERN/cgimosx
945 , /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/ , 'STRING', qq/STRING/ ,
946 "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx , qx/STRING/
947 , `STRING`, qw/STRING/ , s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx
948 , tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
950 , y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF options regexp
951 regex, options regex c i m o s x q quote, double ' '' qq
952 quote, double "" """" qr i m o s x qx ` `` backtick qw
953 quote, list quote, words substitute substitution replace reg‐
954 exp, replace regexp, substitute e g i m o s x tr y
955 transliterate c d s here-doc heredoc here-document <<"
956 Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
958 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters,
959 Interpolation , "<<'EOF'", "m''", "s'''", "tr///", "y///", '',
960 "q//", "", ``, "qq//", "qx//", "<file*glob>", "?RE?", "/RE/",
961 "m/RE/", "s/RE/foo/",, Interpolation of regular expressions ,
962 Optimization of regular expressions optimization"
963 I/O Operators
965 Constant Folding
966 No-ops
967 Bitwise String Operators
968 Integer Arithmetic
969 Floating-point Arithmetic
970 Bigger Numbers
971 perlsub - Perl subroutines
973 SYNOPSIS
975 DESCRIPTION
976 Private Variables via my()
977 Persistent Private Variables
978 Temporary Values via local()
979 Lvalue subroutines
980 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
981 Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
983 When to Still Use local()
984 Pass by Reference
985 Prototypes
986 Constant Functions
987 Overriding Built-in Functions
988 Autoloading
989 Subroutine Attributes
990 SEE ALSO
991 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
993 DESCRIPTION
995 Perl Functions by Category
996 Functions for SCALARs or strings , Regular expressions and
997 pattern matching , Numeric functions , Functions for real
998 @ARRAYs , Functions for list data , Functions for real %HASHes
999 , Input and output functions
1000 , Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for
1001 filehandles, files, or directories
1002 , Keywords related to the control flow of your Perl program
1003 , Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Func‐
1004 tions for processes and process groups
1005 , Keywords related to perl modules , Keywords related to
1006 classes and object-orientedness
1007 , Low-level socket functions , System V interprocess communi‐
1008 cation functions
1009 , Fetching user and group info
1010 , Fetching network info , Time-related functions , Func‐
1011 tions new in perl5 , Functions obsoleted in perl5
1012 Portability
1014 Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1015 -X FILEHANDLE
1016 , -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE , abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET
1018 , alarm SECONDS , alarm, atan2 Y,X
1019 , bind SOCKET,NAME , binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER , binmode
1020 FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME , bless REF, caller EXPR
1021 , caller, chdir EXPR , chdir FILEHANDLE, chdir DIRHANDLE,
1022 chdir, chmod LIST , chomp VARIABLE , chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop
1023 VARIABLE , chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST , chr NUMBER
1024 , chr, chroot FILENAME , chroot, close FILEHANDLE , close,
1025 closedir DIRHANDLE , connect SOCKET,NAME , continue BLOCK , cos
1026 EXPR
1027 , cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT
1028 , dbmclose HASH , dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK , defined EXPR
1030 , defined, delete EXPR , die LIST
1031 , do BLOCK , do SUBROUTINE(LIST) , do EXPR , dump LABEL
1032 , dump, each HASH , eof FILEHANDLE , eof (), eof, eval EXPR
1033 , eval BLOCK, eval, exec LIST , exec PROGRAM LIST, exists
1034 EXPR , exit EXPR , exit, exp EXPR , exp, fcntl FILEHAN‐
1035 DLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR , fileno FILEHANDLE , flock FILEHAN‐
1036 DLE,OPERATION , fork , format , formline PICTURE,LIST , getc
1037 FILEHANDLE , getc, getlogin , getpeername SOCKET , getpgrp
1038 PID , getppid , getpriority WHICH,WHO
1039 , getpwnam NAME
1040 , getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, get‐
1046 protobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
1047 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
1048 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport
1049 PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getpro‐
1050 toent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN,
1051 setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN,
1052 endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endser‐
1053 vent, getsockname SOCKET , getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME ,
1054 glob EXPR
1055 , glob, gmtime EXPR , gmtime, goto LABEL , goto EXPR, goto
1056 &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST , grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR , hex, import
1057 LIST , index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION
1058 , index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR
1059 , int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR , join EXPR,LIST ,
1060 keys HASH , kill SIGNAL, LIST , last LABEL , last, lc EXPR ,
1061 lc, lcfirst EXPR , lcfirst, length EXPR , length, link OLD‐
1062 FILE,NEWFILE , listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE , local EXPR , localtime
1063 EXPR , localtime, lock THING , log EXPR , log, lstat EXPR ,
1064 lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST , map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK
1065 , mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG , msgget KEY,FLAGS , msgrcv
1066 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS , msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS , my EXPR , my
1067 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL
1068 , next, no Module VERSION LIST , no Module VERSION, no Module
1069 LIST, no Module, oct EXPR
1070 , oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR , open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
1071 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open
1072 FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR , ord EXPR , ord, our EXPR
1073 , our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack
1074 TEMPLATE,LIST , package NAMESPACE , package, pipe READHAN‐
1075 DLE,WRITEHANDLE , pop ARRAY , pop, pos SCALAR
1076 , pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST , print LIST, print, printf FILE‐
1077 HANDLE FORMAT, LIST , printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION ,
1078 push ARRAY,LIST , , q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/,
1079 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR
1080 , quotemeta, rand EXPR , rand, read FILEHAN‐
1081 DLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET , read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, read‐
1082 dir DIRHANDLE , readline EXPR
1083 , readlink EXPR , readlink, readpipe EXPR , recv
1084 SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS , redo LABEL , redo, ref EXPR ,
1085 ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME
1086 , require VERSION , require EXPR, require, reset EXPR ,
1087 reset, return EXPR , return, reverse LIST , rewinddir DIRHAN‐
1088 DLE , rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION , rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir
1089 FILENAME
1090 , rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR , seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE
1091 , seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS , select FILEHANDLE , select, select
1092 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT , semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG , semget
1093 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS , semop KEY,OPSTRING , send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO
1094 , send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP , setpriority
1095 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY , setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL
1096 , shift ARRAY , shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG , shmget
1097 KEY,SIZE,FLAGS , shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE , shmwrite
1098 ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW , sin EXPR , sin, sleep
1099 EXPR , sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL , socketpair
1100 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL , sort SUBNAME LIST
1101 , sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFF‐
1102 SET,LENGTH,LIST , splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFF‐
1103 SET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT , split /PAT‐
1104 TERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST , for‐
1105 mat parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, pre‐
1106 cision, or maximum width , size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR
1107 , sqrt, srand EXPR , srand, stat FILEHANDLE , stat EXPR, stat,
1108 study SCALAR , study, sub NAME BLOCK , sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK,
1109 sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr
1110 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT , substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1111 substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE , syscall NUM‐
1112 BER, LIST , sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE , sysopen FILE‐
1113 HANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHAN‐
1114 DLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET , sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1115 sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE , system LIST , system PRO‐
1116 GRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET , syswrite
1117 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell
1118 FILEHANDLE , tell, telldir DIRHANDLE , tie VARIABLE,CLASS‐
1119 NAME,LIST , tied VARIABLE , time , times , tr///, truncate
1120 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH , truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR , uc,
1121 ucfirst EXPR , ucfirst, umask EXPR , umask, undef EXPR ,
1122 undef, unlink LIST , unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR , untie VARI‐
1123 ABLE , unshift ARRAY,LIST , use Module VERSION LIST , use Mod‐
1124 ule VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime
1125 LIST , values HASH , vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS
1126 , wait , waitpid PID,FLAGS , wantarray
1127 , warn LIST , write FILEHANDLE , write EXPR, write, y///
1128 default select semctl semget semop send setpgrp group setprior‐
1129 ity priority nice renice setsockopt shift shmctl shmget shmread
1130 shmwrite shutdown sin sine asin arcsine sleep pause socket
1131 socketpair sort qsort quicksort mergesort splice split sprintf
1132 precision sqrt root square root srand seed randseed stat file,
1133 status study sub substr substring mid left right symlink link
1134 symbolic link link, symbolic syscall system call sysopen sys‐
1135 read sysseek lseek system shell syswrite tell telldir tie tied
1136 time epoch times truncate uc uppercase toupper ucfirst upper‐
1137 case umask undef undefine unlink delete remove rm unpack untie
1138 unshift use module import utime values vec bit bit vector wait
1139 waitpid wantarray context warn warning STDERR write"
1140 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1142 DESCRIPTION
1144 Open A la shell
1145 Simple Opens
1146 Indirect Filehandles
1147 Pipe Opens
1148 The Minus File
1149 Mixing Reads and Writes
1150 Filters
1151 Open A la C
1152 Permissions A la mode
1153 Obscure Open Tricks
1154 Re-Opening Files (dups)
1155 Dispelling the Dweomer
1156 Paths as Opens
1157 Single Argument Open
1158 Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1159 Other I/O Issues
1160 Opening Non-File Files
1161 Opening Named Pipes
1162 Opening Sockets
1163 Binary Files
1164 File Locking
1165 IO Layers
1166 SEE ALSO
1167 AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1168 HISTORY
1169 perlpacktut - tutorial on "pack" and "unpack"
1171 DESCRIPTION
1173 The Basic Principle
1174 Packing Text
1175 Packing Numbers
1176 Integers
1177 Unpacking a Stack Frame
1178 How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1179 Floating point Numbers
1180 Exotic Templates
1181 Bit Strings
1182 Uuencoding
1183 Doing Sums
1184 Unicode
1185 Another Portable Binary Encoding
1186 Template Grouping
1187 Lengths and Widths
1188 String Lengths
1189 Dynamic Templates
1190 Counting Repetitions
1191 Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1192 The Alignment Pit
1193 Alignment, Take 2
1194 Alignment, Take 3
1195 Pointers for How to Use Them
1196 Pack Recipes
1197 Funnies Section
1198 Authors
1199 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
1201 DESCRIPTION
1203 Ordinary Paragraph
1204 Verbatim Paragraph
1205 Command Paragraph
1206 "=head1 Heading Text"
1207 , "=head2 Heading Text", "=head3 Heading Text", "=head4 Head‐
1208 ing Text", "=over indentlevel"
1209 , "=item stuff...", "=back", "=cut" , "=pod" , "=begin
1210 formatname"
1211 , "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...", "=encoding
1212 encodingname"
1213 Formatting Codes
1215 "I<text>" -- italic text , "B<text>" -- bold text
1216 , "C<code>" -- code text
1217 , "L<name>" -- a hyperlink , "E<escape>" -- a character
1218 escape
1219 , "F<filename>" -- used for filenames , "S<text>" -- text con‐
1220 tains non-breaking spaces
1221 , "X<topic name>" -- an index entry
1222 , "Z<>" -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code code, italic
1223 italic B B<> POD, formatting code, bold bold C C<> POD, format‐
1224 ting code, code code L L<> POD, formatting code, hyperlink
1225 hyperlink E E<> POD, formatting code, escape escape F F<> POD,
1226 formatting code, filename filename S S<> POD, formatting code,
1227 non-breaking space non-breaking space X X<> POD, formatting
1228 code, index entry index entry Z Z<> POD, formatting code, null
1229 null"
1230 The Intent
1232 Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
1233 Hints for Writing Pod
1234 SEE ALSO
1237 AUTHOR
1238 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes
1240 DESCRIPTION
1242 Pod Definitions
1243 Pod Commands
1244 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over",
1245 "=item", "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for
1246 formatname text...", "=encoding encodingname"
1247 Pod Formatting Codes
1249 "I<text>" -- italic text, "B<text>" -- bold text, "C<code>" -- code
1250 text, "F<filename>" -- style for filenames, "X<topic name>" -- an
1251 index entry, "Z<>" -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code,
1252 "L<name>" -- a hyperlink, "E<escape>" -- a character escape,
1253 "S<text>" -- text contains non-breaking spaces
1254 Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
1256 About L<...> Codes
1257 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
1258 About =over...=back Regions
1260 About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
1261 SEE ALSO
1262 AUTHOR
1263 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1265 SYNOPSIS
1267 DESCRIPTION
1268 #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1269 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
1270 Location of Perl
1272 Command Switches
1273 -0[octal/hexadecimal] , -a , -C [number/list] , -c , -d ,
1274 -dt, -d:foo[=bar,baz] , -dt:foo[=bar,baz], -Dletters ,
1275 -Dnumber, -e commandline , -f , -Fpattern , -h , -i[extension]
1276 , -Idirectory , -l[octnum] , -m[-]module , -M[-]module,
1277 -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n , -p , -P ,
1278 -s , -S , -t , -T , -u , -U , -v , -V , -V:configvar, -w , -W ,
1279 -X , -x , -x directory
1280 ENVIRONMENT
1282 HOME , LOGDIR , PATH , PERL5LIB , PERL5OPT , PERLIO , :bytes ,
1283 :crlf , :mmap , :perlio , :pop , :raw , :stdio , :unix , :utf8 ,
1284 :win32 , PERLIO_DEBUG , PERLLIB , PERL5DB , PERL5DB_THREADED ,
1285 PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port) , PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP
1286 (specific to the Win32 port) , PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS ,
1287 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL , PERL_DL_NONLAZY , PERL_ENCODING ,
1288 PERL_HASH_SEED , PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG , PERL_ROOT (specific to the
1289 VMS port) , PERL_SIGNALS , PERL_UNICODE , SYS$LOGIN (specific to
1290 the VMS port)
1291 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
1293 DESCRIPTION
1295 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
1297 DESCRIPTION
1299 Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
1300 What's wrong with -w and $^W
1301 Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
1302 -w , -W , -X
1303 Backward Compatibility
1305 Category Hierarchy
1306 Fatal Warnings
1307 Reporting Warnings from a Module
1308 TODO
1309 SEE ALSO
1310 AUTHOR
1311 perldebug - Perl debugging
1313 DESCRIPTION
1315 The Perl Debugger
1316 Debugger Commands
1317 h , h [command], h h, p expr , x [maxdepth] expr , V [pkg
1318 [vars]] , X [vars] , y [level [vars]] , T , s [expr] , n
1319 [expr] , r , <CR>, c [line⎪sub] , l , l min+incr, l min-max, l
1320 line, l subname, - , v [line] , . , f filename , /pattern/,
1321 ?pattern?, L [abw] , S [[!]regex] , t , t expr , b , b [line]
1322 [condition] , b subname [condition] , b postpone subname
1323 [condition] , b load filename , b compile subname
1324 , B line , B * , a [line] command , A line , A * , w expr ,
1325 W expr , W * , o , o booloption ... , o anyoption? ... , o
1326 option=value ... , < ? , < [ command ] , < * , << command , > ?
1327 , > command , > * , >> command , { ? , { [ command ], { * , {{
1328 command , ! number , ! -number , ! pattern , !! cmd , source
1329 file , H -number , q or ^D
1330 , R , ⎪dbcmd , ⎪⎪dbcmd , command, m expr , M , man [manpage]
1331 command, V debugger command, X debugger command, y debugger
1332 command, T backtrace stack, backtrace debugger command, s step
1333 debugger command, n debugger command, r debugger command, c
1334 debugger command, l debugger command, - debugger command, v
1335 debugger command, . debugger command, f debugger command, L
1336 debugger command, S debugger command, t debugger command, t
1337 breakpoint debugger command, b breakpoint debugger command, b
1338 breakpoint debugger command, b breakpoint debugger command, b
1339 breakpoint debugger command, b breakpoint debugger command, b
1340 breakpoint debugger command, B breakpoint debugger command, B
1341 debugger command, a debugger command, A debugger command, A
1342 debugger command, w debugger command, W debugger command, W
1343 debugger command, o debugger command, o debugger command, o
1344 debugger command, o debugger command, < debugger command, <
1345 debugger command, < debugger command, << debugger command, >
1346 debugger command, > debugger command, > debugger command, >>
1347 debugger command, { debugger command, { debugger command, {{
1348 debugger command, ! debugger command, ! debugger command, !
1349 debugger command, !! debugger command, source debugger command,
1350 H debugger command, q debugger command, ^D debugger command, R
1351 debugger command, ⎪ debugger command, ⎪⎪ debugger command, m
1352 debugger command, M debugger command, man"
1353 Configurable Options
1355 "recallCommand", "ShellBang" , "pager" , "tkRunning" , "sig‐
1356 nalLevel", "warnLevel", "dieLevel"
1357 , "AutoTrace" , "LineInfo" , "inhibit_exit" , "PrintRet" ,
1358 "ornaments" , "frame" , "maxTraceLen" , "windowSize" , "array‐
1359 Depth", "hashDepth" , "dumpDepth" , "compactDump",
1360 "veryCompact" , "globPrint" , "DumpDBFiles" , "DumpPackages" ,
1361 "DumpReused" , "quote", "HighBit", "undefPrint"
1362 , "UsageOnly" , "TTY" , "noTTY" , "ReadLine" , "NonStop"
1363 option, ShellBang debugger option, pager debugger option,
1364 tkRunning debugger option, signalLevel debugger option, warn‐
1365 Level debugger option, dieLevel debugger option, AutoTrace
1366 debugger option, LineInfo debugger option, inhibit_exit debug‐
1367 ger option, PrintRet debugger option, ornaments debugger
1368 option, frame debugger option, maxTraceLen debugger option,
1369 windowSize debugger option, arrayDepth debugger option,
1370 hashDepth debugger option, dumpDepth debugger option, compact‐
1371 Dump debugger option, veryCompact debugger option, globPrint
1372 debugger option, DumpDBFiles debugger option, DumpPackages
1373 debugger option, DumpReused debugger option, quote debugger
1374 option, HighBit debugger option, undefPrint debugger option,
1375 UsageOnly debugger option, TTY debugger option, noTTY debugger
1376 option, ReadLine debugger option, NonStop"
1377 Debugger input/output
1379 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace , Line Listing
1380 Format, Frame listing backtrace"
1381 Debugging compile-time statements
1383 Debugger Customization
1384 Readline Support
1385 Editor Support for Debugging
1386 The Perl Profiler
1387 Debugging regular expressions
1388 Debugging memory usage
1389 SEE ALSO
1390 BUGS
1391 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1393 DESCRIPTION
1395 Predefined Names
1396 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POST‐
1397 MATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $*,
1398 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1399 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARA‐
1400 TOR, $RS, $/, HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $⎪,
1401 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARA‐
1402 TOR, $OFS, $,, IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUT‐
1403 PUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUB‐
1404 SCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#, HANDLE->format_page_num‐
1405 ber(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, HANDLE->for‐
1406 mat_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, HAN‐
1407 DLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-,
1408 @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, $` is the same as "substr($var, 0,
1409 $-[0])", $& is the same as "substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] -
1410 $-[0])", $' is the same as "substr($var, $+[0])", $1 is the
1411 same as "substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])", $2 is the same as
1412 "substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])", $3 is the same as "sub‐
1413 str($var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])", HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1414 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FOR‐
1415 MAT_TOP_NAME, $^, IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters
1416 EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->for‐
1417 mat_formfeed EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1418 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!,
1419 $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID,
1420 $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>,
1421 $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PRO‐
1422 GRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYS‐
1423 TEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME,
1424 $^O, ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10,
1425 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REG‐
1426 EXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME,
1427 $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE}, $PERL_VERSION,
1428 $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1429 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV,
1430 $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1431 Error Indicators
1433 Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1434 BUGS
1435 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1437 DESCRIPTION
1439 i , m , s
1440 , x expression, case-insensitive m regex, multiline regexp, mul‐
1441 tiline regular expression, multiline s regex, single-line regexp,
1442 single-line regular expression, single-line x"
1443 Regular Expressions
1445 [1], [2], [3], cntrl , graph , print , punct , xdigit
1446 Extended Patterns
1448 "(?#text)" , "(?imsx-imsx)" , "(?:pattern)" , "(?imsx-imsx:pat‐
1449 tern)", "(?=pattern)" , "(?!pattern)" , "(?<=pattern)" ,
1450 "(?<!pattern)" , "(?{ code })"
1451 , "(??{ code })"
1452 , "(?>pattern)" , "(?(condition)yes-pattern⎪no-pattern)"
1453 , "(?(condition)yes-pattern)" postponed regex, recursive reg‐
1454 exp, recursive regular expression, recursive backtrack back‐
1455 tracking (?()"
1456 Backtracking
1458 Version 8 Regular Expressions
1459 Warning on \1 vs $1
1460 Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1461 Combining pieces together
1462 "ST", "S⎪T", "S{REPEAT_COUNT}", "S{min,max}", "S{min,max}?",
1463 "S?", "S*", "S+", "S??", "S*?", "S+?", "(?>S)", "(?=S)",
1464 "(?<=S)", "(?!S)", "(?<!S)", "(??{ EXPR })", "(?(condi‐
1465 tion)yes-pattern⎪no-pattern)"
1466 Creating custom RE engines
1468 BUGS
1469 SEE ALSO
1470 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
1472 DESCRIPTION
1474 OPERATORS
1475 SYNTAX
1476 ESCAPE SEQUENCES
1477 CHARACTER CLASSES
1478 ANCHORS
1479 QUANTIFIERS
1480 EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
1481 VARIABLES
1482 FUNCTIONS
1483 TERMINOLOGY
1484 AUTHOR
1485 SEE ALSO
1486 THANKS
1487 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1489 NOTE
1491 DESCRIPTION
1492 Making References
1493 1. , 2.
1494 , 3.
1495 , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. anonymous subroutine, reference
1497 reference, subroutine scope, lexical closure lexical lexical
1498 scope constructor new autovivification *foo{THING} *"
1499 Using References
1501 2. , 3. , 4.
1502 Symbolic references
1504 Not-so-symbolic references
1505 Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1506 Function Templates
1507 WARNING
1508 SEE ALSO
1509 perlform - Perl formats
1511 DESCRIPTION
1513 Text Fields
1514 Numeric Fields
1515 The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
1516 The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
1517 Specifying Values
1518 Using Fill Mode
1519 Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
1520 Repeating Format Lines
1521 Top of Form Processing
1522 Format Variables
1523 NOTES
1524 Footers
1525 Accessing Formatting Internals
1526 WARNINGS
1527 perlobj - Perl objects
1529 DESCRIPTION
1531 An Object is Simply a Reference
1532 A Class is Simply a Package
1533 A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1534 Method Invocation
1535 Indirect Object Syntax
1536 Default UNIVERSAL methods
1537 isa(CLASS) , can(METHOD) , VERSION( [NEED] )
1538 Destructors
1540 Summary
1541 Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1542 SEE ALSO
1543 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1545 SYNOPSIS
1547 DESCRIPTION
1548 Tying Scalars
1549 TIESCALAR classname, LIST , FETCH this , STORE this, value ,
1550 UNTIE this , DESTROY this
1551 Tying Arrays
1553 TIEARRAY classname, LIST , FETCH this, index , STORE this,
1554 index, value , FETCHSIZE this , STORESIZE this, count , EXTEND
1555 this, count , EXISTS this, key , DELETE this, key , CLEAR this
1556 , PUSH this, LIST
1557 , POP this , SHIFT this , UNSHIFT this, LIST , SPLICE this,
1558 offset, length, LIST , UNTIE this , DESTROY this
1559 Tying Hashes
1561 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST , FETCH
1562 this, key , STORE this, key, value , DELETE this, key , CLEAR
1563 this , EXISTS this, key , FIRSTKEY this , NEXTKEY this, lastkey
1564 , SCALAR this , UNTIE this , DESTROY this
1565 Tying FileHandles
1567 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST , WRITE this, LIST , PRINT this, LIST
1568 , PRINTF this, LIST , READ this, LIST , READLINE this , GETC
1569 this , CLOSE this , UNTIE this , DESTROY this
1570 UNTIE this
1572 The "untie" Gotcha
1573 SEE ALSO
1574 BUGS
1575 AUTHOR
1576 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
1578 SYNOPSIS
1580 DESCRIPTION
1581 filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, fil‐
1582 ter_fetch_value
1583 The Filter
1585 An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
1586 Another Example -- Key is a C int.
1587 SEE ALSO
1588 AUTHOR
1589 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe
1591 subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1592 DESCRIPTION
1594 Signals
1595 Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1596 Named Pipes
1597 Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
1598 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system
1599 calls, Signals as "faults", Signals triggered by operating sys‐
1600 tem state
1601 Using open() for IPC
1603 Filehandles
1604 Background Processes
1605 Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1606 Safe Pipe Opens
1607 Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1608 Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1609 Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1610 Internet Line Terminators
1611 Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1612 Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1613 TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1614 A Simple Client
1615 "Proto", "PeerAddr", "PeerPort"
1616 A Webget Client
1618 Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1619 TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1620 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1621 UDP: Message Passing
1623 SysV IPC
1624 NOTES
1625 BUGS
1626 AUTHOR
1627 SEE ALSO
1628 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1630 SYNOPSIS
1632 DESCRIPTION
1633 Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1634 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that
1635 accept filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(),
1636 Open handles to files, directories and network sockets
1637 Resource limits
1639 Killing the parent process
1640 Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1641 CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1642 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet
1643 implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter
1644 embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions
1645 BUGS
1647 AUTHOR
1648 SEE ALSO
1649 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1651 SYNOPSIS
1653 DESCRIPTION
1654 Storing numbers
1655 Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1656 Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1657 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during "use inte‐
1658 ger", Other mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise
1659 operators during "use integer", Operators which expect an integer,
1660 Operators which expect a string
1661 AUTHOR
1663 SEE ALSO
1664 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1666 DESCRIPTION
1668 Status
1669 What Is A Thread Anyway?
1670 Threaded Program Models
1671 Boss/Worker
1672 Work Crew
1673 Pipeline
1674 What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1675 Thread-Safe Modules
1676 Thread Basics
1677 Basic Thread Support
1678 A Note about the Examples
1679 Creating Threads
1680 Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1681 Ignoring A Thread
1682 Threads And Data
1683 Shared And Unshared Data
1684 Thread Pitfalls: Races
1685 Synchronization and control
1686 Controlling access: lock()
1687 A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1688 Queues: Passing Data Around
1689 Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1690 Basic semaphores
1691 Advanced Semaphores
1692 cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1693 Giving up control
1694 General Thread Utility Routines
1695 What Thread Am I In?
1696 Thread IDs
1697 Are These Threads The Same?
1698 What Threads Are Running?
1699 A Complete Example
1700 Different implementations of threads
1701 Performance considerations
1702 Process-scope Changes
1703 Thread-Safety of System Libraries
1704 Conclusion
1705 Bibliography
1706 Introductory Texts
1707 OS-Related References
1708 Other References
1709 Acknowledgements
1710 AUTHOR
1711 Copyrights
1712 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1714 DESCRIPTION
1716 What Is A Thread Anyway?
1717 Threaded Program Models
1718 Boss/Worker
1719 Work Crew
1720 Pipeline
1721 Native threads
1722 What kind of threads are perl threads?
1723 Threadsafe Modules
1724 Thread Basics
1725 Basic Thread Support
1726 Creating Threads
1727 Giving up control
1728 Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1729 Errors In Threads
1730 Ignoring A Thread
1731 Threads And Data
1732 Shared And Unshared Data
1733 Thread Pitfall: Races
1734 Controlling access: lock()
1735 Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1736 Queues: Passing Data Around
1737 Threads And Code
1738 Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1739 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1740 Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1742 Subroutine Locks
1743 Methods
1744 Locking A Subroutine
1745 General Thread Utility Routines
1746 What Thread Am I In?
1747 Thread IDs
1748 Are These Threads The Same?
1749 What Threads Are Running?
1750 A Complete Example
1751 Conclusion
1752 Bibliography
1753 Introductory Texts
1754 OS-Related References
1755 Other References
1756 Acknowledgements
1757 AUTHOR
1758 Copyrights
1759 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1761 DESCRIPTION
1763 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl
1764 already is portable
1765 ISSUES
1767 Newlines
1768 Numbers endianness and Width
1769 Files and Filesystems
1770 System Interaction
1771 Command names versus file pathnames
1772 Networking
1773 Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1774 External Subroutines (XS)
1775 Standard Modules
1776 Time and Date
1777 Character sets and character encoding
1778 Internationalisation
1779 System Resources
1780 Security
1781 Style
1782 CPAN Testers
1783 PLATFORMS
1784 Unix
1785 DOS and Derivatives
1786 Mac OS
1787 VMS
1788 VOS
1789 EBCDIC Platforms
1790 Acorn RISC OS
1791 Other perls
1792 FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1793 Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1794 -X, atan2 Y,X, atan2, binmode, chmod, chown, chroot, crypt,
1795 dbmclose, dbmopen, dump, exec, exit, fcntl, flock, fork, getlo‐
1796 gin, getpgrp, getppid, getpriority, getpwnam, getgrnam, getnet‐
1797 byname, getpwuid, getgrgid, getnetbyaddr, getprotobynumber,
1798 getservbyport, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent,
1799 getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent, setnetent, set‐
1800 protoent, setservent, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endne‐
1801 tent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,
1802 glob, gmtime, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill, link,
1803 localtime, lstat, msgctl, msgget, msgsnd, msgrcv, open, pipe,
1804 readlink, rename, select, semctl, semget, semop, setgrent,
1805 setpgrp, setpriority, setpwent, setsockopt, shmctl, shmget,
1806 shmread, shmwrite, sockatmark, socketpair, stat, symlink,
1807 syscall, sysopen, system, times, truncate, umask, utime, wait,
1808 waitpid
1809 Supported Platforms
1811 SEE ALSO
1812 AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1813 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localiza‐
1815 tion)
1816 DESCRIPTION
1818 PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1819 USING LOCALES
1820 The use locale pragma
1821 The setlocale function
1822 Finding locales
1823 LOCALE PROBLEMS
1824 Temporarily fixing locale problems
1825 Permanently fixing locale problems
1826 Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1827 Fixing system locale configuration
1828 The localeconv function
1829 I18N::Langinfo
1830 LOCALE CATEGORIES
1831 Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1832 Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1833 Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1834 Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1835 LC_TIME
1836 Other categories
1837 SECURITY
1838 ENVIRONMENT
1839 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1840 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1841 NOTES
1843 Backward compatibility
1844 I18N:Collate obsolete
1845 Sort speed and memory use impacts
1846 write() and LC_NUMERIC
1847 Freely available locale definitions
1848 I18n and l10n
1849 An imperfect standard
1850 Unicode and UTF-8
1851 BUGS
1852 Broken systems
1853 SEE ALSO
1854 HISTORY
1855 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
1857 DESCRIPTION
1859 Unicode
1860 Perl's Unicode Support
1861 Perl's Unicode Model
1862 Unicode and EBCDIC
1863 Creating Unicode
1864 Handling Unicode
1865 Legacy Encodings
1866 Unicode I/O
1867 Displaying Unicode As Text
1868 Special Cases
1869 Advanced Topics
1870 Miscellaneous
1871 Questions With Answers
1872 Hexadecimal Notation
1873 Further Resources
1874 UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
1875 SEE ALSO
1876 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
1877 AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
1878 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1880 DESCRIPTION
1882 Important Caveats
1883 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, "use utf8" still
1884 needed to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked
1885 scripts and UTF-16 scripts autodetected, "use encoding" needed
1886 to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings
1887 Byte and Character Semantics
1889 Effects of Character Semantics
1890 Scripts
1891 Blocks
1892 User-Defined Character Properties
1893 Character Encodings for Input and Output
1894 Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
1895 Unicode Encodings
1896 Security Implications of Unicode
1897 Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
1898 Locales
1899 When Unicode Does Not Happen
1900 Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
1901 Using Unicode in XS
1902 BUGS
1903 Interaction with Locales
1904 Interaction with Extensions
1905 Speed
1906 Porting code from perl-5.6.X
1907 SEE ALSO
1908 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
1910 DESCRIPTION
1912 COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
1913 ASCII
1914 ISO 8859
1915 Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
1916 EBCDIC
1917 13 variant characters
1918 0037
1919 1047
1920 POSIX-BC
1921 Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
1922 Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
1923 Unicode and UTF
1924 Using Encode
1925 SINGLE OCTET TABLES
1926 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe
1927 6
1928 IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
1930 CONVERSIONS
1931 tr///
1932 iconv
1933 C RTL
1934 OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
1935 FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
1936 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(),
1937 unpack()
1938 REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
1940 SOCKETS
1941 SORTING
1942 Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
1943 MONO CASE then sort data.
1944 Convert, sort data, then re convert.
1945 Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
1946 TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
1947 URL decoding and encoding
1948 uu encoding and decoding
1949 Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
1950 Caesarian ciphers
1951 Hashing order and checksums
1952 I18N AND L10N
1953 MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
1954 OS ISSUES
1955 OS/400
1956 PASE, IFS access
1957 OS/390, z/OS
1959 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
1960 VM/ESA?
1962 POSIX-BC?
1963 BUGS
1964 SEE ALSO
1965 REFERENCES
1966 HISTORY
1967 AUTHOR
1968 perlsec - Perl security
1970 DESCRIPTION
1972 Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
1973 Switches On the "#!" Line
1974 Taint mode and @INC
1975 Cleaning Up Your Path
1976 Security Bugs
1977 Protecting Your Programs
1978 Unicode
1979 Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
1980 SEE ALSO
1981 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
1983 DESCRIPTION
1985 Packages
1986 Symbol Tables
1987 BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END
1988 Perl Classes
1989 Perl Modules
1990 Making your module threadsafe
1991 SEE ALSO
1992 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
1994 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1996 Pragmatic Modules
1997 assertions::compat, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
1998 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics,
1999 encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale,
2000 open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads,
2001 threads::shared, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::regis‐
2002 ter
2003 Standard Modules
2005 AnyDBM_File, Archive::Tar, Archive::Tar::File, Attribute::Han‐
2006 dlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler,
2007 B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2008 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
2009 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI,
2010 CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty,
2011 CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
2012 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Com‐
2013 press::Zlib, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper,
2014 Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber,
2015 Digest, Digest::MD5, Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue,
2016 DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJK‐
2017 Constants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config,
2018 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding,
2019 Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7,
2020 Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header,
2021 Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW,
2022 Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno,
2023 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::CBuilder, ExtU‐
2024 tils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows, ExtUtils::Command, ExtU‐
2025 tils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtU‐
2026 tils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtU‐
2027 tils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_AIX, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtU‐
2028 tils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtU‐
2029 tils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtU‐
2030 tils::MM_QNX, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtU‐
2031 tils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_VOS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtU‐
2032 tils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtU‐
2033 tils::MakeMaker::Config, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtU‐
2034 tils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtU‐
2035 tils::MakeMaker::vmsish, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkboot‐
2036 strap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::Par‐
2037 seXS, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2038 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2039 File::Find, File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec,
2040 File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2041 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2042 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat,
2043 FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call,
2044 FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2045 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List,
2046 I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe,
2047 IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket,
2048 IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Zlib, IPC::Open2,
2049 IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::SysV::Semaphore,
2050 List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Cur‐
2051 rency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Make‐
2052 text::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64, MIME::Base64::Quot‐
2053 edPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2054 Math::BigInt::FastCalc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
2055 Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2056 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2057 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2058 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP,
2059 Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time,
2060 Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent,
2061 Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, Per‐
2062 lIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::Quot‐
2063 edPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html,
2064 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink,
2065 Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker,
2066 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff, Pod::Perl‐
2067 doc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
2068 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText,
2069 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2070 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage,
2071 SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, Self‐
2072 Loader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Sys::Hostname,
2073 Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
2074 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Har‐
2075 ness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Point,
2076 Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tuto‐
2077 rial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2078 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2079 Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
2080 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize,
2081 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes,
2082 Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVER‐
2083 SAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD,
2084 User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
2085 XSLoader
2086 Extension Modules
2088 CPAN
2089 Africa
2090 South Africa
2091 Asia
2093 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation,
2094 Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
2095 Central America
2097 Costa Rica
2098 Europe
2100 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
2101 Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
2102 Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
2103 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slo‐
2104 vakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine,
2105 United Kingdom
2106 North America
2108 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United
2109 States, Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of
2110 Columbia, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan,
2111 Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon,
2112 Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington,
2113 Wisconsin
2114 Oceania
2116 Australia, New Zealand, United States
2117 South America
2119 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
2120 RSYNC Mirrors
2122 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2123 Guidelines for Module Creation
2124 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2125 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2126 NOTE
2127 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2129 INTRODUCTION
2131 QUICK CHECKLIST
2132 Before you start
2133 The API
2134 Stability
2135 Documentation
2136 Release considerations
2137 BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2138 Has it been done before?
2139 Do one thing and do it well
2140 What's in a name?
2141 DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2142 To OO or not to OO?
2143 Designing your API
2144 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functional‐
2145 ity from output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Nam‐
2146 ing conventions, Parameter passing
2147 Strictness and warnings
2149 Backwards compatibility
2150 Error handling and messages
2151 DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2152 POD
2153 README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2154 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL,
2155 perl Build, perl Build test, perl Build install
2156 RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2158 Version numbering
2159 Pre-requisites
2160 Testing
2161 Packaging
2162 Licensing
2163 COMMON PITFALLS
2164 Reinventing the wheel
2165 Trying to do too much
2166 Inappropriate documentation
2167 SEE ALSO
2168 perlstyle, perlnewmod, perlpod, podchecker, Packaging Tools, Test‐
2169 ing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engi‐
2170 neering
2171 AUTHOR
2173 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2175 DESCRIPTION
2177 PREAMBLE
2178 DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a directory, BUILD
2179 the module (sometimes unnecessary), INSTALL the module
2180 PORTABILITY
2182 HEY
2183 AUTHOR
2184 COPYRIGHT
2185 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2187 DESCRIPTION
2189 Warning
2190 What should I make into a module?
2191 Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2192 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name,
2193 Check again
2194 Step-by-step: Making the module
2196 Start with module-starter or h2xs, Use strict and warnings, Use
2197 Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!, Use plain old documentation,
2198 Write tests, Write the README
2199 Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2201 Get a CPAN user ID, "perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist",
2202 Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to
2203 clpa, Fix bugs!
2204 AUTHOR
2206 SEE ALSO
2207 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
2209 DESCRIPTION
2211 DOCUMENTATION
2212 perldoc, pod2man and pod2text, pod2html and pod2latex,
2213 pod2usage, podselect, podchecker, splain, roffitall
2214 CONVERTORS
2216 a2p, s2p, find2perl
2217 Administration
2219 libnetcfg
2220 Development
2222 perlbug, h2ph, c2ph and pstruct, h2xs, dprofpp, perlcc
2223 SEE ALSO
2225 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
2227 DESCRIPTION
2229 Layout
2230 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
2231 Using The Back Ends
2233 The Cross Referencing Back End
2234 i, &, s, r
2235 The Decompiling Back End
2237 The Lint Back End
2238 The Simple C Back End
2239 The Bytecode Back End
2240 The Optimized C Back End
2241 Module List for the Compiler Suite
2242 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C,
2243 B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
2244 B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
2245 KNOWN PROBLEMS
2247 AUTHOR
2248 perlfilter - Source Filters
2250 DESCRIPTION
2252 CONCEPTS
2253 USING FILTERS
2254 WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
2255 WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
2256 Decryption Filters
2257 CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
2259 WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
2260 USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
2261 CONCLUSION
2262 THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
2263 Some Filters Clobber the "DATA" Handle
2264 REQUIREMENTS
2266 AUTHOR
2267 Copyrights
2268 perlglossary - Perl Glossary
2270 DESCRIPTION
2272 A accessor methods, actual arguments, address operator, algo‐
2273 rithm, alias, alternatives, anonymous, architecture, argument,
2274 ARGV, arithmetical operator, array, array context, ASCII,
2275 assertion, assignment, assignment operator, associative array,
2276 associativity, asynchronous, atom, atomic operation, attribute,
2277 autogeneration, autoincrement, autoload, autosplit, autovivifi‐
2278 cation, AV, awk
2279 B backreference, backtracking, backward compatibility, bareword,
2281 base class, big-endian, binary, binary operator, bind, bit, bit
2282 shift, bit string, bless, block, BLOCK, block buffering, Bool‐
2283 ean, Boolean context, breakpoint, broadcast, BSD, bucket, buf‐
2284 fer, built-in, bundle, byte, bytecode
2285 C C, C preprocessor, call by reference, call by value, callback,
2287 canonical, capturing, character, character class, character
2288 property, circumfix operator, class, class method, client,
2289 cloister, closure, cluster, CODE, code generator, code subpat‐
2290 tern, collating sequence, command, command buffering, command
2291 name, command-line arguments, comment, compilation unit, com‐
2292 pile phase, compile time, compiler, composer, concatenation,
2293 conditional, connection, construct, constructor, context, con‐
2294 tinuation, core dump, CPAN, cracker, current package, current
2295 working directory, currently selected output channel, CV
2296 D dangling statement, data structure, data type, datagram, DBM,
2298 declaration, decrement, default, defined, delimiter, derefer‐
2299 ence, derived class, descriptor, destroy, destructor, device,
2300 directive, directory, directory handle, dispatch, distribution,
2301 dweomer, dwimmer, dynamic scoping
2302 E eclectic, element, embedding, empty subclass test, en passant,
2304 encapsulation, endian, environment, environment variable, EOF,
2305 errno, error, escape sequence, exception, exception handling,
2306 exec, executable file, execute, execute bit, exit status,
2307 export, expression, extension
2308 F false, FAQ, fatal error, field, FIFO, file, file descriptor,
2310 file test operator, fileglob, filehandle, filename, filesystem,
2311 filter, flag, floating point, flush, FMTEYEWTK, fork, formal
2312 arguments, format, freely available, freely redistributable,
2313 freeware, function, funny character, garbage collection
2314 G GID, glob, global, global destruction, glue language, granular‐
2316 ity, greedy, grep, group, GV
2317 H hacker, handler, hard reference, hash, hash table, header file,
2319 here document, hexadecimal, home directory, host, hubris, HV
2320 I identifier, impatience, implementation, import, increment,
2322 indexing, indirect filehandle, indirect object, indirect object
2323 slot, indirection, infix, inheritance, instance, instance vari‐
2324 able, integer, interface, interpolation, interpreter, invocant,
2325 invocation, I/O, IO, IP, IPC, is-a, iteration, iterator, IV
2326 J JAPH
2328 K key, keyword
2330 L label, laziness, left shift, leftmost longest, lexeme, lexer,
2332 lexical analysis, lexical scoping, lexical variable, library,
2333 LIFO, line, line buffering, line number, link, LIST, list, list
2334 context, list operator, list value, literal, little-endian,
2335 local, logical operator, lookahead, lookbehind, loop, loop con‐
2336 trol statement, loop label, lvaluable, lvalue, lvalue modifier
2337 M magic, magical increment, magical variables, Makefile, man,
2339 manpage, matching, member data, memory, metacharacter, metasym‐
2340 bol, method, minimalism, mode, modifier, module, modulus, mon‐
2341 ger, mortal, multidimensional array, multiple inheritance
2342 N named pipe, namespace, network address, newline, NFS, null
2344 character, null list, null string, numeric context, NV, nybble
2345 O object, octal, offset, one-liner, open source software, oper‐
2347 and, operating system, operator, operator overloading, options,
2348 overloading, overriding, owner
2349 P package, pad, parameter, parent class, parse tree, parsing,
2351 patch, PATH, pathname, pattern, pattern matching, permission
2352 bits, Pern, pipe, pipeline, platform, pod, pointer, polymor‐
2353 phism, port, portable, porter, POSIX, postfix, pp, pragma,
2354 precedence, prefix, preprocessing, procedure, process, program
2355 generator, progressive matching, property, protocol, prototype,
2356 pseudofunction, pseudohash, pseudoliteral, public domain, pump‐
2357 kin, pumpking, PV
2358 Q qualified, quantifier
2360 R readable, reaping, record, recursion, reference, referent,
2362 regex, regular expression, regular expression modifier, regular
2363 file, relational operator, reserved words, return value, RFC,
2364 right shift, root, RTFM, run phase, run time, run-time pattern,
2365 RV, rvalue
2366 S scalar, scalar context, scalar literal, scalar value, scalar
2368 variable, scope, scratchpad, script, script kiddie, sed, sema‐
2369 phore, separator, serialization, server, service, setgid,
2370 setuid, shared memory, shebang, shell, side effects, signal,
2371 signal handler, single inheritance, slice, slurp, socket, soft
2372 reference, source filter, stack, standard, standard error,
2373 standard I/O, standard input, standard output, stat structure,
2374 statement, statement modifier, static, static method, static
2375 scoping, static variable, status, STDERR, STDIN, STDIO, STDOUT,
2376 stream, string, string context, stringification, struct, struc‐
2377 ture, subclass, subpattern, subroutine, subscript, substitu‐
2378 tion, substring, superclass, superuser, SV, switch, switch
2379 cluster, switch statement, symbol, symbol table, symbolic
2380 debugger, symbolic link, symbolic reference, synchronous, syn‐
2381 tactic sugar, syntax, syntax tree, syscall
2382 T tainted, TCP, term, terminator, ternary, text, thread, tie,
2384 TMTOWTDI, token, tokener, tokenizing, toolbox approach,
2385 transliterate, trigger, trinary, troff, true, truncating, type,
2386 type casting, typed lexical, typedef, typeglob, typemap
2387 U UDP, UID, umask, unary operator, Unicode, Unix
2389 V value, variable, variable interpolation, variadic, vector, vir‐
2391 tual, void context, v-string
2392 W warning, watch expression, whitespace, word, working directory,
2394 wrapper, WYSIWYG
2395 X XS, XSUB
2397 Y yacc
2399 Z zero width, zombie
2401 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2403 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2405 DESCRIPTION
2407 PREAMBLE
2408 Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from
2409 Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?
2410 ROADMAP
2412 Compiling your C program
2413 Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2414 Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2415 Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2416 Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C pro‐
2417 gram
2418 Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2419 Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2420 Execution of END blocks
2421 Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2422 Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2423 program
2424 Embedding Perl under Win32
2425 Hiding Perl_
2426 MORAL
2427 AUTHOR
2428 COPYRIGHT
2429 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
2431 DESCRIPTION
2433 Debugger Internals
2434 Writing Your Own Debugger
2435 Frame Listing Output Examples
2436 Debugging regular expressions
2437 Compile-time output
2438 "anchored" STRING "at" POS, "floating" STRING "at" POS1..POS2,
2439 "matching floating/anchored", "minlen", "stclass" TYPE,
2440 "noscan", "isall", "GPOS", "plus", "implicit", "with eval",
2441 "anchored(TYPE)"
2442 Types of nodes
2444 Run-time output
2445 Debugging Perl memory usage
2446 Using $ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}
2447 "buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)", Free/Used, "Total
2448 sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS", "pad: 0", "heads: 2192",
2449 "chain: 0", "tail: 6144"
2450 SEE ALSO
2452 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
2454 DESCRIPTION
2456 SPECIAL NOTES
2457 make
2458 Version caveat
2459 Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
2460 TUTORIAL
2461 EXAMPLE 1
2462 EXAMPLE 2
2463 What has gone on?
2464 Writing good test scripts
2465 EXAMPLE 3
2466 What's new here?
2467 Input and Output Parameters
2468 The XSUBPP Program
2469 The TYPEMAP file
2470 Warning about Output Arguments
2471 EXAMPLE 4
2472 What has happened here?
2473 Anatomy of .xs file
2474 Getting the fat out of XSUBs
2475 More about XSUB arguments
2476 The Argument Stack
2477 Extending your Extension
2478 Documenting your Extension
2479 Installing your Extension
2480 EXAMPLE 5
2481 New Things in this Example
2482 EXAMPLE 6
2483 New Things in this Example
2484 EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
2485 EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
2486 EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
2487 Troubleshooting these Examples
2488 See also
2489 Author
2490 Last Changed
2491 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2493 DESCRIPTION
2495 Introduction
2496 On The Road
2497 The Anatomy of an XSUB
2498 The Argument Stack
2499 The RETVAL Variable
2500 Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL
2501 The MODULE Keyword
2502 The PACKAGE Keyword
2503 The PREFIX Keyword
2504 The OUTPUT: Keyword
2505 The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
2506 The CODE: Keyword
2507 The INIT: Keyword
2508 The NO_INIT Keyword
2509 Initializing Function Parameters
2510 Default Parameter Values
2511 The PREINIT: Keyword
2512 The SCOPE: Keyword
2513 The INPUT: Keyword
2514 The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
2515 The "length(NAME)" Keyword
2516 Variable-length Parameter Lists
2517 The C_ARGS: Keyword
2518 The PPCODE: Keyword
2519 Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2520 The REQUIRE: Keyword
2521 The CLEANUP: Keyword
2522 The POSTCALL: Keyword
2523 The BOOT: Keyword
2524 The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2525 The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2526 The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2527 The ALIAS: Keyword
2528 The OVERLOAD: Keyword
2529 The FALLBACK: Keyword
2530 The INTERFACE: Keyword
2531 The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
2532 The INCLUDE: Keyword
2533 The CASE: Keyword
2534 The & Unary Operator
2535 Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2536 Using XS With C++
2537 Interface Strategy
2538 Perl Objects And C Structures
2539 The Typemap
2540 Safely Storing Static Data in XS
2541 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT,
2542 dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
2543 EXAMPLES
2545 XS VERSION
2546 AUTHOR
2547 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
2549 DESCRIPTION
2551 Conventions
2552 "t", "p", "n", "s"
2553 File Operations
2555 File Input and Output
2556 File Positioning
2557 Memory Management and String Handling
2558 Character Class Tests
2559 stdlib.h functions
2560 Miscellaneous functions
2561 SEE ALSO
2562 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
2564 DESCRIPTION
2566 Variables
2567 Datatypes
2568 What is an "IV"?
2569 Working with SVs
2570 Offsets
2571 What's Really Stored in an SV?
2572 Working with AVs
2573 Working with HVs
2574 Hash API Extensions
2575 AVs, HVs and undefined values
2576 References
2577 Blessed References and Class Objects
2578 Creating New Variables
2579 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
2580 Reference Counts and Mortality
2582 Stashes and Globs
2583 Double-Typed SVs
2584 Magic Variables
2585 Assigning Magic
2586 Magic Virtual Tables
2587 Finding Magic
2588 Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
2589 Localizing changes
2590 "SAVEINT(int i)", "SAVEIV(IV i)", "SAVEI32(I32 i)", "SAVE‐
2591 LONG(long i)", SAVESPTR(s), SAVEPPTR(p), "SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)",
2592 "SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv)", "SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)", SAVEFREEPV(p),
2593 "SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)", "SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32
2594 length)", "SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
2595 *p)", "SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)", "SAVES‐
2596 TACK_POS()", "SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)", "AV* save_ary(GV *gv)",
2597 "HV* save_hash(GV *gv)", "void save_item(SV *item)", "void
2598 save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)", "SV* save_svref(SV
2599 **sptr)", "void save_aptr(AV **aptr)", "void save_hptr(HV
2600 **hptr)"
2601 Subroutines
2603 XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2604 Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2605 Memory Allocation
2606 PerlIO
2607 Putting a C value on Perl stack
2608 Scratchpads
2609 Scratchpads and recursion
2610 Compiled code
2611 Code tree
2612 Examining the tree
2613 Compile pass 1: check routines
2614 Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2615 Compile pass 2: context propagation
2616 Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2617 Pluggable runops
2618 Examining internal data structures with the "dump" functions
2619 How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
2620 Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
2621 So what happened to dTHR?
2622 How do I use all this in extensions?
2623 Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
2624 Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
2625 Internal Functions
2626 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b
2627 Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
2629 Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
2630 Source Documentation
2631 Backwards compatibility
2632 Unicode Support
2633 What is Unicode, anyway?
2634 How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
2635 How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
2636 How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
2637 How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
2638 Is there anything else I need to know?
2639 Custom Operators
2640 AUTHORS
2641 SEE ALSO
2642 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2644 DESCRIPTION
2646 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2647 THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
2649 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
2650 FLAG VALUES
2652 G_VOID
2653 G_SCALAR
2654 G_ARRAY
2655 G_DISCARD
2656 G_NOARGS
2657 G_EVAL
2658 G_KEEPERR
2659 Determining the Context
2660 EXAMPLES
2661 No Parameters, Nothing returned
2662 Passing Parameters
2663 Returning a Scalar
2664 Returning a list of values
2665 Returning a list in a scalar context
2666 Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2667 Using G_EVAL
2668 Using G_KEEPERR
2669 Using call_sv
2670 Using call_argv
2671 Using call_method
2672 Using GIMME_V
2673 Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2674 Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2675 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a
2676 sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to
2677 map to the Perl callback
2678 Alternate Stack Manipulation
2680 Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2681 SEE ALSO
2682 AUTHOR
2683 DATE
2684 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
2686 DESCRIPTION
2688 "Gimme" Values
2689 GIMME , GIMME_V , G_ARRAY , G_DISCARD , G_EVAL , G_NOARGS ,
2690 G_SCALAR , G_VOID
2691 Array Manipulation Functions
2693 AvFILL , av_clear , av_delete , av_exists , av_extend , av_fetch ,
2694 av_fill , av_len , av_make , av_pop , av_push , av_shift , av_store
2695 , av_undef , av_unshift , get_av , newAV , sortsv
2696 Callback Functions
2698 call_argv , call_method , call_pv , call_sv , ENTER , eval_pv ,
2699 eval_sv , FREETMPS , LEAVE , SAVETMPS
2700 Character classes
2702 isALNUM , isALPHA , isDIGIT , isLOWER , isSPACE , isUPPER , toLOWER
2703 , toUPPER
2704 Cloning an interpreter
2706 perl_clone
2707 CV Manipulation Functions
2709 CvSTASH , get_cv
2710 Embedding Functions
2712 cv_undef , load_module , nothreadhook , perl_alloc , perl_construct
2713 , perl_destruct , perl_free , perl_parse , perl_run , require_pv
2714 Functions in file pp_pack.c
2716 packlist , pack_cat , unpackstring , unpack_str
2717 Global Variables
2719 PL_modglobal , PL_na , PL_sv_no , PL_sv_undef , PL_sv_yes
2720 GV Functions
2722 GvSV , gv_fetchmeth , gv_fetchmethod , gv_fetchmethod_autoload ,
2723 gv_fetchmeth_autoload , gv_stashpv , gv_stashpvn , gv_stashsv
2724 Handy Values
2726 Nullav , Nullch , Nullcv , Nullhv , Nullsv
2727 Hash Manipulation Functions
2729 get_hv , HEf_SVKEY , HeHASH , HeKEY , HeKLEN , HePV , HeSVKEY ,
2730 HeSVKEY_force , HeSVKEY_set , HeVAL , HvNAME , hv_clear ,
2731 hv_clear_placeholders , hv_delete , hv_delete_ent , hv_exists ,
2732 hv_exists_ent , hv_fetch , hv_fetch_ent , hv_iterinit , hv_iterkey
2733 , hv_iterkeysv , hv_iternext , hv_iternextsv , hv_iternext_flags ,
2734 hv_iterval , hv_magic , hv_scalar , hv_store , hv_store_ent ,
2735 hv_undef , newHV
2736 Magical Functions
2738 mg_clear , mg_copy , mg_find , mg_free , mg_get , mg_length ,
2739 mg_magical , mg_set , SvGETMAGIC , SvLOCK , SvSETMAGIC , SvSetMag‐
2740 icSV , SvSetMagicSV_nosteal , SvSetSV , SvSetSV_nosteal , SvSHARE ,
2741 SvUNLOCK
2742 Memory Management
2744 Copy , CopyD , Move , MoveD , Newx , Newxc , Newxz , Poison , Renew
2745 , Renewc , Safefree , savepv , savepvn , savesharedpv , savesvpv ,
2746 StructCopy , Zero , ZeroD
2747 Miscellaneous Functions
2749 fbm_compile , fbm_instr , form , getcwd_sv , strEQ , strGE , strGT
2750 , strLE , strLT , strNE , strnEQ , strnNE , sv_nolocking ,
2751 sv_nosharing , sv_nounlocking
2752 Numeric functions
2754 grok_bin , grok_hex , grok_number , grok_numeric_radix , grok_oct ,
2755 scan_bin , scan_hex , scan_oct
2756 Optree Manipulation Functions
2758 cv_const_sv , newCONSTSUB , newXS
2759 Pad Data Structures
2761 pad_sv
2762 Stack Manipulation Macros
2764 dMARK , dORIGMARK , dSP , EXTEND , MARK , mPUSHi , mPUSHn , mPUSHp
2765 , mPUSHu , mXPUSHi , mXPUSHn , mXPUSHp , mXPUSHu , ORIGMARK , POPi
2766 , POPl , POPn , POPp , POPpbytex , POPpx , POPs , PUSHi , PUSHMARK
2767 , PUSHmortal , PUSHn , PUSHp , PUSHs , PUSHu , PUTBACK , SP , SPA‐
2768 GAIN , XPUSHi , XPUSHmortal , XPUSHn , XPUSHp , XPUSHs , XPUSHu ,
2769 XSRETURN , XSRETURN_EMPTY , XSRETURN_IV , XSRETURN_NO , XSRETURN_NV
2770 , XSRETURN_PV , XSRETURN_UNDEF , XSRETURN_UV , XSRETURN_YES ,
2771 XST_mIV , XST_mNO , XST_mNV , XST_mPV , XST_mUNDEF , XST_mYES
2772 SV Flags
2774 svtype , SVt_IV , SVt_NV , SVt_PV , SVt_PVAV , SVt_PVCV , SVt_PVHV
2775 , SVt_PVMG
2776 SV Manipulation Functions
2778 get_sv , looks_like_number , newRV_inc , newRV_noinc , NEWSV ,
2779 newSV , newSVhek , newSViv , newSVnv , newSVpv , newSVpvf ,
2780 newSVpvn , newSVpvn_share , newSVrv , newSVsv , newSVuv , SvCUR ,
2781 SvCUR_set , SvEND , SvGROW , SvIOK , SvIOKp , SvIOK_notUV ,
2782 SvIOK_off , SvIOK_on , SvIOK_only , SvIOK_only_UV , SvIOK_UV ,
2783 SvIsCOW , SvIsCOW_shared_hash , SvIV , SvIVX , SvIVx , SvIV_set ,
2784 SvLEN , SvLEN_set , SvMAGIC_set , SvNIOK , SvNIOKp , SvNIOK_off ,
2785 SvNOK , SvNOKp , SvNOK_off , SvNOK_on , SvNOK_only , SvNV , SvNVX ,
2786 SvNVx , SvNV_set , SvOK , SvOOK , SvPOK , SvPOKp , SvPOK_off ,
2787 SvPOK_on , SvPOK_only , SvPOK_only_UTF8 , SvPV , SvPVbyte , SvPVby‐
2788 tex , SvPVbytex_force , SvPVbyte_force , SvPVbyte_nolen , SvPVutf8
2789 , SvPVutf8x , SvPVutf8x_force , SvPVutf8_force , SvPVutf8_nolen ,
2790 SvPVX , SvPVx , SvPV_force , SvPV_force_nomg , SvPV_nolen ,
2791 SvPV_set , SvREFCNT , SvREFCNT_dec , SvREFCNT_inc , SvROK ,
2792 SvROK_off , SvROK_on , SvRV , SvRV_set , SvSTASH , SvSTASH_set ,
2793 SvTAINT , SvTAINTED , SvTAINTED_off , SvTAINTED_on , SvTRUE ,
2794 SvTYPE , SvUOK , SvUPGRADE , SvUTF8 , SvUTF8_off , SvUTF8_on , SvUV
2795 , SvUVX , SvUVx , SvUV_set , sv_2bool , sv_2cv , sv_2io , sv_2iv ,
2796 sv_2mortal , sv_2nv , sv_2pvbyte , sv_2pvbyte_nolen , sv_2pvutf8 ,
2797 sv_2pvutf8_nolen , sv_2pv_flags , sv_2pv_nolen , sv_2uv , sv_back‐
2798 off , sv_bless , sv_catpv , sv_catpvf , sv_catpvf_mg , sv_catpvn ,
2799 sv_catpvn_flags , sv_catpvn_mg , sv_catpvn_nomg , sv_catpv_mg ,
2800 sv_catsv , sv_catsv_flags , sv_catsv_mg , sv_catsv_nomg , sv_chop ,
2801 sv_clear , sv_cmp , sv_cmp_locale , sv_collxfrm , sv_copypv ,
2802 sv_dec , sv_derived_from , sv_eq , sv_force_normal , sv_force_nor‐
2803 mal_flags , sv_free , sv_gets , sv_grow , sv_inc , sv_insert ,
2804 sv_isa , sv_isobject , sv_iv , sv_len , sv_len_utf8 , sv_magic ,
2805 sv_magicext , sv_mortalcopy , sv_newmortal , sv_newref , sv_nv ,
2806 sv_pos_b2u , sv_pos_u2b , sv_pv , sv_pvbyte , sv_pvbyten ,
2807 sv_pvbyten_force , sv_pvn , sv_pvn_force , sv_pvn_force_flags ,
2808 sv_pvutf8 , sv_pvutf8n , sv_pvutf8n_force , sv_reftype , sv_replace
2809 , sv_report_used , sv_reset , sv_rvweaken , sv_setiv , sv_setiv_mg
2810 , sv_setnv , sv_setnv_mg , sv_setpv , sv_setpvf , sv_setpvf_mg ,
2811 sv_setpviv , sv_setpviv_mg , sv_setpvn , sv_setpvn_mg , sv_setpv_mg
2812 , sv_setref_iv , sv_setref_nv , sv_setref_pv , sv_setref_pvn ,
2813 sv_setref_uv , sv_setsv , sv_setsv_flags , sv_setsv_mg ,
2814 sv_setsv_nomg , sv_setuv , sv_setuv_mg , sv_taint , sv_tainted ,
2815 sv_true , sv_unmagic , sv_unref , sv_unref_flags , sv_untaint ,
2816 sv_upgrade , sv_usepvn , sv_usepvn_mg , sv_utf8_decode ,
2817 sv_utf8_downgrade , sv_utf8_encode , sv_utf8_upgrade ,
2818 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags , sv_uv , sv_vcatpvf , sv_vcatpvfn , sv_vcat‐
2819 pvf_mg , sv_vsetpvf , sv_vsetpvfn , sv_vsetpvf_mg
2820 Unicode Support
2822 bytes_from_utf8 , bytes_to_utf8 , ibcmp_utf8 , is_utf8_char ,
2823 is_utf8_string , is_utf8_string_loc , is_utf8_string_loclen ,
2824 pv_uni_display , sv_cat_decode , sv_recode_to_utf8 , sv_uni_display
2825 , to_utf8_case , to_utf8_fold , to_utf8_lower , to_utf8_title ,
2826 to_utf8_upper , utf8n_to_uvchr , utf8n_to_uvuni , utf8_distance ,
2827 utf8_hop , utf8_length , utf8_to_bytes , utf8_to_uvchr ,
2828 utf8_to_uvuni , uvchr_to_utf8 , uvuni_to_utf8_flags
2829 Variables created by "xsubpp" and "xsubpp" internal functions
2831 ax , CLASS , dAX , dAXMARK , dITEMS , dXSARGS , dXSI32 , items , ix
2832 , newXSproto , RETVAL , ST , THIS , XS , XS_VERSION , XS_VER‐
2833 SION_BOOTCHECK
2834 Warning and Dieing
2836 croak , warn
2837 AUTHORS
2839 SEE ALSO
2840 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal Perl func‐
2842 tions
2843 DESCRIPTION
2845 CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
2846 CvWEAKOUTSIDE
2847 Functions in file pad.h
2849 CX_CURPAD_SAVE , CX_CURPAD_SV , PAD_BASE_SV , PAD_CLONE_VARS ,
2850 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS , PAD_COMPNAME_GEN , PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set ,
2851 PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH , PAD_COMPNAME_PV , PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE ,
2852 PAD_DUP , PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL , PAD_SAVE_LOCAL , PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD
2853 , PAD_SETSV , PAD_SET_CUR , PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE , PAD_SV , PAD_SVl ,
2854 SAVECLEARSV , SAVECOMPPAD , SAVEPADSV
2855 Functions in file pp_ctl.c
2857 find_runcv
2858 Global Variables
2860 PL_DBsingle , PL_DBsub , PL_DBtrace , PL_dowarn , PL_last_in_gv ,
2861 PL_ofs_sv , PL_rs
2862 GV Functions
2864 is_gv_magical
2865 IO Functions
2867 start_glob
2868 Pad Data Structures
2870 CvPADLIST , cv_clone , cv_dump , do_dump_pad , intro_my ,
2871 pad_add_anon , pad_add_name , pad_alloc , pad_block_start ,
2872 pad_check_dup , pad_findlex , pad_findmy , pad_fixup_inner_anons ,
2873 pad_free , pad_leavemy , pad_new , pad_push , pad_reset , pad_setsv
2874 , pad_swipe , pad_tidy , pad_undef
2875 Stack Manipulation Macros
2877 djSP , LVRET
2878 SV Manipulation Functions
2880 report_uninit , sv_add_arena , sv_clean_all , sv_clean_objs ,
2881 sv_free_arenas
2882 AUTHORS
2884 SEE ALSO
2885 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
2887 SYNOPSIS
2889 DESCRIPTION
2890 History and Background
2891 Basic Structure
2892 Layers vs Disciplines
2893 Data Structures
2894 Functions and Attributes
2895 Per-instance Data
2896 Layers in action.
2897 Per-instance flag bits
2898 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PER‐
2899 LIO_F_ERROR, PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF,
2900 PERLIO_F_UTF8, PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF,
2901 PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FAST‐
2902 GETS
2903 Methods in Detail
2905 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PER‐
2906 LIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed,
2907 Popped, Open, Binmode, Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek,
2908 Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf,
2909 Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt
2910 Utilities
2912 Implementing PerlIO Layers
2913 C implementations, Perl implementations
2914 Core Layers
2916 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw",
2917 "utf8"
2918 Extension Layers
2920 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
2921 TODO
2923 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2925 SYNOPSIS
2927 DESCRIPTION
2928 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, PerlIO_stdin(), Per‐
2929 lIO_stdout(), PerlIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode), Per‐
2930 lIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f), Per‐
2931 lIO_printf(f,fmt,...), PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_std‐
2932 outf(fmt,...), PerlIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count),
2933 PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c), Per‐
2934 lIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(f), PerlIO_eof(f), PerlIO_error(f),
2935 PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f), PerlIO_flush(f), Per‐
2936 lIO_seek(f,offset,whence), PerlIO_tell(f), PerlIO_getpos(f,p), Per‐
2937 lIO_setpos(f,p), PerlIO_rewind(f), PerlIO_tmpfile(), PerlIO_set‐
2938 linebuf(f)
2939 Co-existence with stdio
2941 PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode), PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode), Per‐
2942 lIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PerlIO_findFILE(f)
2943 "Fast gets" Functions
2945 PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_cnt(f),
2946 PerlIO_get_ptr(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), Per‐
2947 lIO_canset_cnt(f), PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f),
2948 PerlIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)
2949 Other Functions
2951 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_bin‐
2952 mode(f,ptype,imode,layers), '<' read, '>' write, '+'
2953 read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
2954 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
2956 DESCRIPTION
2958 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the imple‐
2959 mentation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?,
2960 Is the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new
2961 bugs?, Does it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implemen‐
2962 tation robust?, Is the implementation generic enough to be porta‐
2963 ble?, Is the implementation tested?, Is there enough documenta‐
2964 tion?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
2965 work?, Patches speak louder than words
2966 Keeping in sync
2968 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using
2969 pushing over the NFS, rsync'ing the patches
2970 Why rsync the source tree
2972 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
2973 Why rsync the patches
2975 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Find‐
2976 ing a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source
2977 of misbehaviour
2978 Working with the source
2980 Perlbug administration
2981 Submitting patches
2982 perlguts, perlxstut and perlxs, perlapi, Porting/pumpkin.pod,
2983 The perl5-porters FAQ
2984 Finding Your Way Around
2986 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
2987 Elements of the interpreter
2989 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running, Exception handing
2990 Internal Variable Types
2992 Op Trees
2993 Stacks
2994 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
2995 Millions of Macros
2997 The .i Targets
2998 Poking at Perl
2999 Using a source-level debugger
3000 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step,
3001 next, continue, finish, 'enter', print
3002 gdb macro support
3004 Dumping Perl Data Structures
3005 Patching
3006 Patching a core module
3007 Adding a new function to the core
3008 Writing a test
3009 t/base/, t/cmd/, t/comp/, t/io/, t/lib/, t/op/, t/pod/, t/run/,
3010 t/uni/, t/win32/, t/x2p, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op,
3011 t/lib ext lib
3012 Special Make Test Targets
3014 coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
3015 check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third
3016 check.third utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest,
3017 utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8, minitest.utf16 test.utf16,
3018 test_harness, test-notty test_notty
3019 Running tests by hand
3021 -v, -torture, -re=PATTERN, -re LIST OF PATTERNS, PERL_CORE=1,
3022 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
3023 EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
3025 Rational Software's Purify
3026 Purify on Unix
3027 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemulti‐
3028 plicity
3029 Purify on NT
3031 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
3032 valgrind
3034 Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
3035 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
3036 Profiling
3037 Gprof Profiling
3038 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
3039 GCC gcov Profiling
3041 Pixie Profiling
3042 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines],
3043 -testcoverage, -z[ero]
3044 Miscellaneous tricks
3046 CONCLUSION
3047 The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it
3048 began.
3049 AUTHOR
3051 perlbook - Perl book information
3053 DESCRIPTION
3055 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
3057 DESCRIPTION
3059 The roadmap to 5.10
3060 Needed for a 5.9.4 release
3061 Needed for a 5.9.5 release
3062 Implement "_ prototype character", Implement "state variables"
3063 Needed for a 5.9.6 release
3065 Tasks that only need Perl knowledge
3066 common test code for timed bail out
3067 POD -> HTML conversion in the core still sucks
3068 Parallel testing
3069 Make Schwern poorer
3070 Improve the coverage of the core tests
3071 test B
3072 A decent benchmark
3073 fix tainting bugs
3074 Dual life everything
3075 Improving "threads::shared"
3076 POSIX memory footprint
3077 Tasks that need a little sysadmin-type knowledge
3078 Relocatable perl
3079 make HTML install work
3080 compressed man pages
3081 Add a code coverage target to the Makefile
3082 Make Config.pm cope with differences between build and installed
3083 perl
3084 make parallel builds work
3085 linker specification files
3086 Tasks that need a little C knowledge
3087 Make it clear from -v if this is the exact official release
3088 Tidy up global variables
3089 Ordering of "global" variables.
3090 bincompat functions
3091 am I hot or not?
3092 emulate the per-thread memory pool on Unix
3093 reduce duplication in sv_setsv_flags
3094 Tasks that need a knowledge of XS
3095 IPv6
3096 shrink "GV"s, "CV"s
3097 merge Perl_sv_2[inpu]v
3098 UTF8 caching code
3099 Implicit Latin 1 => Unicode translation
3100 autovivification
3101 Unicode in Filenames
3102 Unicode in %ENV
3103 use less 'memory'
3104 Re-implement ":unique" in a way that is actually thread-safe
3105 Make tainting consistent
3106 readpipe(LIST)
3107 Tasks that need a knowledge of the interpreter
3108 lexical pragmas
3109 Attach/detach debugger from running program
3110 Constant folding
3111 LVALUE functions for lists
3112 LVALUE functions in the debugger
3113 _ prototype character
3114 state variables
3115 @INC source filter to Filter::Simple
3116 regexp optimiser optional
3117 UNITCHECK
3118 optional optimizer
3119 You WANT *how* many
3120 lexical aliases
3121 entersub XS vs Perl
3122 Self ties
3123 Optimize away @_
3124 What hooks would assertions need?
3125 Big projects
3126 make ithreads more robust
3127 iCOW
3128 (?{...}) closures in regexps
3129 A re-entrant regexp engine
3130 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
3132 SYNOPSIS
3134 DESCRIPTION
3135 OPTIONS
3136 -h, -v, -t, -u, -m module, -l, -F, -f perlfunc, -q perlfaq-search-
3137 regexp, -T, -d destination-filename, -o output-formatname, -M mod‐
3138 ule-name, -w option:value or -w option, -X, PageName⎪Module‐
3139 Name⎪ProgramName, -n some-formatter, -r, -i, -V
3140 SECURITY
3142 ENVIRONMENT
3143 AUTHOR
3144 perlhist - the Perl history records
3146 DESCRIPTION
3148 INTRODUCTION
3149 THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
3150 PUMPKIN?
3151 THE RECORDS
3152 SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
3153 SELECTED PATCH SIZES
3154 THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
3155 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.8
3157 DESCRIPTION
3159 Incompatible Changes
3160 Core Enhancements
3161 Modules and Pragmata
3162 Utility Changes
3163 New Documentation
3164 Performance Enhancements
3165 Installation and Configuration Improvements
3166 Selected Bug Fixes
3167 New or Changed Diagnostics
3168 Changed Internals
3169 New Tests
3170 Known Problems
3171 Platform Specific Problems
3172 Reporting Bugs
3173 SEE ALSO
3174 perl588delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.8
3176 DESCRIPTION
3178 Incompatible Changes
3179 Core Enhancements
3180 Modules and Pragmata
3181 Utility Changes
3182 New Documentation
3183 Performance Enhancements
3184 Installation and Configuration Improvements
3185 Selected Bug Fixes
3186 New or Changed Diagnostics
3187 Changed Internals
3188 New Tests
3189 Known Problems
3190 Platform Specific Problems
3191 Reporting Bugs
3192 SEE ALSO
3193 perl587delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.7
3195 DESCRIPTION
3197 Incompatible Changes
3198 Core Enhancements
3199 Unicode Character Database 4.1.0
3200 suidperl less insecure
3201 Optional site customization script
3202 "Config.pm" is now much smaller.
3203 Modules and Pragmata
3204 Utility Changes
3205 find2perl enhancements
3206 Performance Enhancements
3207 Installation and Configuration Improvements
3208 Selected Bug Fixes
3209 New or Changed Diagnostics
3210 Changed Internals
3211 Known Problems
3212 Platform Specific Problems
3213 Reporting Bugs
3214 SEE ALSO
3215 perl586delta - what is new for perl v5.8.6
3217 DESCRIPTION
3219 Incompatible Changes
3220 Core Enhancements
3221 Modules and Pragmata
3222 Utility Changes
3223 Performance Enhancements
3224 Selected Bug Fixes
3225 New or Changed Diagnostics
3226 Changed Internals
3227 New Tests
3228 Reporting Bugs
3229 SEE ALSO
3230 perl585delta - what is new for perl v5.8.5
3232 DESCRIPTION
3234 Incompatible Changes
3235 Core Enhancements
3236 Modules and Pragmata
3237 Utility Changes
3238 Perl's debugger
3239 h2ph
3240 Installation and Configuration Improvements
3241 Selected Bug Fixes
3242 New or Changed Diagnostics
3243 Changed Internals
3244 Known Problems
3245 Platform Specific Problems
3246 Reporting Bugs
3247 SEE ALSO
3248 perl584delta - what is new for perl v5.8.4
3250 DESCRIPTION
3252 Incompatible Changes
3253 Core Enhancements
3254 Malloc wrapping
3255 Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
3256 suidperl less insecure
3257 format
3258 Modules and Pragmata
3259 Updated modules
3260 Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter,
3261 File::Find, IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat,
3262 Math::BigInt, Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX,
3263 Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor,
3264 Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32, base, open, threads, utf8
3265 Performance Enhancements
3267 Utility Changes
3268 Installation and Configuration Improvements
3269 Selected Bug Fixes
3270 New or Changed Diagnostics
3271 Changed Internals
3272 Future Directions
3273 Platform Specific Problems
3274 Reporting Bugs
3275 SEE ALSO
3276 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
3278 DESCRIPTION
3280 Incompatible Changes
3281 Core Enhancements
3282 Modules and Pragmata
3283 CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin,
3284 List::Util, Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Uni‐
3285 code::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
3286 Utility Changes
3288 New Documentation
3289 Installation and Configuration Improvements
3290 Selected Bug Fixes
3291 New or Changed Diagnostics
3292 Changed Internals
3293 Configuration and Building
3294 Platform Specific Problems
3295 Known Problems
3296 Future Directions
3297 Obituary
3298 Reporting Bugs
3299 SEE ALSO
3300 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
3302 DESCRIPTION
3304 Incompatible Changes
3305 Core Enhancements
3306 Hash Randomisation
3307 Threading
3308 Modules and Pragmata
3309 Updated Modules And Pragmata
3310 Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet,
3311 MIME::Base64, Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes,
3312 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
3313 Selected Bug Fixes
3315 Changed Internals
3316 Platform Specific Problems
3317 Future Directions
3318 Reporting Bugs
3319 SEE ALSO
3320 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
3322 DESCRIPTION
3324 Incompatible Changes
3325 Hash Randomisation
3326 UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
3327 Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
3328 (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
3329 (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
3330 Core Enhancements
3331 UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
3332 Unsafe signals again available
3333 Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
3334 local ${$x}
3335 Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
3336 Deprecation Warnings
3337 Miscellaneous Enhancements
3338 Modules and Pragmata
3339 Updated Modules And Pragmata
3340 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark,
3341 ByteLoader, bytes, CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File,
3342 Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, Encode, fields, libnet, Math::Big‐
3343 Int, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping, PerlIO::scalar, podlators,
3344 Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc, Scalar::Util, Storable,
3345 strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Sim‐
3346 ple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
3347 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
3348 Win32::GetOSVersion
3349 Utility Changes
3351 New Documentation
3352 Installation and Configuration Improvements
3353 Platform-specific enhancements
3354 Selected Bug Fixes
3355 Closures, eval and lexicals
3356 Generic fixes
3357 Platform-specific fixes
3358 New or Changed Diagnostics
3359 Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
3360 Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
3361 New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
3362 Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
3363 New "Missing control char name in \c"
3364 New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
3365 New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
3366 New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
3367 New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
3368 New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
3369 New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
3370 New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
3371 New "Use of freed value in iteration"
3372 Changed Internals
3373 New Tests
3374 Known Problems
3375 Tied hashes in scalar context
3376 Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
3377 B::C
3378 Platform Specific Problems
3379 EBCDIC Platforms
3380 Cygwin 1.5 problems
3381 HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
3382 IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
3383 Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
3384 Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
3385 Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
3386 Future Directions
3387 Reporting Bugs
3388 SEE ALSO
3389 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
3391 DESCRIPTION
3393 Highlights In 5.8.0
3394 Incompatible Changes
3395 Binary Incompatibility
3396 64-bit platforms and malloc
3397 AIX Dynaloading
3398 Attributes for "my" variables now handled at run-time
3399 Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
3400 IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
3401 New Unicode Semantics (no more "use utf8", almost)
3402 New Unicode Properties
3403 REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
3404 pack/unpack D/F recycled
3405 glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
3406 Deprecations
3407 Core Enhancements
3408 Unicode Overhaul
3409 PerlIO is Now The Default
3410 ithreads
3411 Restricted Hashes
3412 Safe Signals
3413 Understanding of Numbers
3414 Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
3415 Miscellaneous Changes
3416 Modules and Pragmata
3417 New Modules and Pragmata
3418 Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
3419 Utility Changes
3420 New Documentation
3421 Performance Enhancements
3422 Installation and Configuration Improvements
3423 Generic Improvements
3424 New Or Improved Platforms
3425 Selected Bug Fixes
3426 Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
3427 New or Changed Diagnostics
3428 Changed Internals
3429 Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
3430 New Tests
3431 Known Problems
3432 The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
3433 Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
3434 Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
3435 Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
3436 mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
3437 lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
3438 libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
3439 PDL failing some tests
3440 Perl_get_sv
3441 Self-tying Problems
3442 ext/threads/t/libc
3443 Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
3444 Timing problems
3445 Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
3446 Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
3447 Platform Specific Problems
3448 AIX
3449 Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
3450 AmigaOS
3451 BeOS
3452 Cygwin "unable to remap"
3453 Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
3454 DJGPP Failures
3455 FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
3456 FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
3457 IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
3458 HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
3459 Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
3460 Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
3461 Mac OS X
3462 Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
3463 OS/2 Test Failures
3464 op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
3465 SCO
3466 Solaris 2.5
3467 Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
3468 SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
3469 Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
3470 UNICOS/mk
3471 UTS
3472 VOS (Stratus)
3473 VMS
3474 Win32
3475 XML::Parser not working
3476 z/OS (OS/390)
3477 Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
3478 Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
3479 Reporting Bugs
3480 SEE ALSO
3481 HISTORY
3482 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
3484 DESCRIPTION
3486 Changes
3487 Reporting Bugs
3488 SEE ALSO
3489 HISTORY
3490 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
3492 DESCRIPTION
3494 Security Vulnerability Closed
3495 Incompatible Changes
3496 64-bit platforms and malloc
3497 AIX Dynaloading
3498 Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
3499 Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
3500 Deprecations
3501 Core Enhancements
3502 Modules and Pragmata
3503 New Modules and Distributions
3504 Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
3505 Utility Changes
3506 New Documentation
3507 Installation and Configuration Improvements
3508 New Or Improved Platforms
3509 Generic Improvements
3510 Selected Bug Fixes
3511 Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
3512 New or Changed Diagnostics
3513 Source Code Enhancements
3514 MAGIC constants
3515 Better commented code
3516 Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
3517 gcc -Wall
3518 New Tests
3519 Known Problems
3520 AIX
3521 Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
3522 lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
3523 Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
3524 HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
3525 HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
3526 Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
3527 OS/390
3528 op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
3529 Failure of Thread tests
3530 UNICOS
3531 UTS
3532 VMS
3533 Win32
3534 Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
3535 Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
3536 Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
3537 Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
3538 The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
3539 The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
3540 Reporting Bugs
3541 SEE ALSO
3542 HISTORY
3543 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
3545 DESCRIPTION
3547 Security Vulnerability Closed
3548 Incompatible Changes
3549 Core Enhancements
3550 AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
3551 PerlIO is Now The Default
3552 Signals Are Now Safe
3553 Modules and Pragmata
3554 New Modules
3555 Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
3556 Performance Enhancements
3557 Utility Changes
3558 New Documentation
3559 perlclib
3560 perliol
3561 README.aix
3562 README.bs2000
3563 README.macos
3564 README.mpeix
3565 README.solaris
3566 README.vos
3567 Porting/repository.pod
3568 Installation and Configuration Improvements
3569 New Or Improved Platforms
3570 Generic Improvements
3571 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz,
3572 d_msghdr_s, need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg,
3573 sig_size, d_sockatmark, d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm,
3574 d_usleep
3575 Selected Bug Fixes
3577 Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
3578 New or Changed Diagnostics
3579 Changed Internals
3580 New Tests
3581 Known Problems
3582 AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
3583 lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
3584 lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
3585 Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
3586 lib/b test 19
3587 Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
3588 sigaction test 13 in VMS
3589 sprintf tests 129 and 130
3590 Failure of Thread tests
3591 Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
3592 Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
3593 Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
3594 The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
3595 Reporting Bugs
3596 SEE ALSO
3597 HISTORY
3598 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
3600 DESCRIPTION
3602 Security Vulnerability Closed
3603 Incompatible Changes
3604 Core Enhancements
3605 Modules and Pragmata
3606 New Modules
3607 Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
3608 Utility Changes
3609 New Documentation
3610 Performance Enhancements
3611 Installation and Configuration Improvements
3612 Generic Improvements
3613 Selected Bug Fixes
3614 Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
3615 New or Changed Diagnostics
3616 Changed Internals
3617 Known Problems
3618 Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
3619 EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
3620 Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
3621 ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
3622 Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
3623 Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
3624 Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
3625 Storable tests fail in some platforms
3626 Threads Are Still Experimental
3627 The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
3628 Reporting Bugs
3629 SEE ALSO
3630 HISTORY
3631 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
3633 DESCRIPTION
3635 Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
3636 Security Issues
3637 Core bug fixes
3638 "UNIVERSAL::isa()", Memory leaks, Numeric conversions,
3639 qw(a\\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode,
3640 Autovivification of symbolic references to special variables,
3641 Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, glob(), Taint‐
3642 ing, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes, map(),
3643 Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
3644 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp,
3645 "no Module;", Tests
3646 Core features
3648 Configuration issues
3649 Documentation
3650 Bundled modules
3651 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI,
3652 CPAN, Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find,
3653 Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Com‐
3654 plex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBM_File,
3655 Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
3656 Platform-specific improvements
3658 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
3659 Core Enhancements
3661 Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
3662 Lexically scoped warning categories
3663 Unicode and UTF-8 support
3664 Support for interpolating named characters
3665 "our" declarations
3666 Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
3667 Improved Perl version numbering system
3668 New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
3669 File and directory handles can be autovivified
3670 open() with more than two arguments
3671 64-bit support
3672 Large file support
3673 Long doubles
3674 "more bits"
3675 Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
3676 "sort $coderef @foo" allowed
3677 File globbing implemented internally
3678 Support for CHECK blocks
3679 POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
3680 Better pseudo-random number generator
3681 Improved "qw//" operator
3682 Better worst-case behavior of hashes
3683 pack() format 'Z' supported
3684 pack() format modifier '!' supported
3685 pack() and unpack() support counted strings
3686 Comments in pack() templates
3687 Weak references
3688 Binary numbers supported
3689 Lvalue subroutines
3690 Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
3691 Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
3692 exists() is supported on subroutine names
3693 exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
3694 Pseudo-hashes work better
3695 Automatic flushing of output buffers
3696 Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
3697 Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
3698 eof() has the same old magic as <>
3699 binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
3700 "-T" filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
3701 system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
3702 Improved diagnostics
3703 Diagnostics follow STDERR
3704 More consistent close-on-exec behavior
3705 syswrite() ease-of-use
3706 Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
3707 Bit operators support full native integer width
3708 Improved security features
3709 More functional bareword prototype (*)
3710 "require" and "do" may be overridden
3711 $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
3712 New variable $^C reflects "-c" switch
3713 New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
3714 Optional Y2K warnings
3715 Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
3716 @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex submatches
3717 Modules and Pragmata
3718 Modules
3719 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames,
3720 Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dump‐
3721 value, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare,
3722 File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions,
3723 Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex,
3724 Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, pod‐
3725 checker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect,
3726 Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File,
3727 Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local,
3728 Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
3729 Pragmata
3731 Utility Changes
3732 dprofpp
3733 find2perl
3734 h2xs
3735 perlcc
3736 perldoc
3737 The Perl Debugger
3738 Improved Documentation
3739 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
3740 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perl‐
3741 hack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, per‐
3742 lopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perluni‐
3743 code.pod
3744 Performance enhancements
3746 Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
3747 Optimized assignments to lexical variables
3748 Faster subroutine calls
3749 delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
3750 Installation and Configuration Improvements
3751 -Dusethreads means something different
3752 New Configure flags
3753 Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
3754 Long Doubles
3755 -Dusemorebits
3756 -Duselargefiles
3757 installusrbinperl
3758 SOCKS support
3759 "-A" flag
3760 Enhanced Installation Directories
3761 gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
3762 Platform specific changes
3763 Supported platforms
3764 DOS
3765 OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
3766 VMS
3767 Win32
3768 Significant bug fixes
3769 <HANDLE> on empty files
3770 "eval '...'" improvements
3771 All compilation errors are true errors
3772 Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
3773 Behavior of list slices is more consistent
3774 "(\$)" prototype and $foo{a}
3775 "goto &sub" and AUTOLOAD
3776 "-bareword" allowed under "use integer"
3777 Failures in DESTROY()
3778 Locale bugs fixed
3779 Memory leaks
3780 Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
3781 Taint failures under "-U"
3782 END blocks and the "-c" switch
3783 Potential to leak DATA filehandles
3784 New or Changed Diagnostics
3785 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not
3786 yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only
3787 after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A
3788 or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric
3789 type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecog‐
3790 nized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should
3791 probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check proto‐
3792 type, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is
3793 not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subrou‐
3794 tine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved
3795 word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join
3796 self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored,
3797 Bareword found in conditional, Binary number >
3798 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size >
3799 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
3800 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in
3801 "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing
3802 to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read
3803 CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s
3804 from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character
3805 class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside
3806 character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s,
3807 CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
3808 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did
3809 you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data,
3810 entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, File‐
3811 handle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s,
3812 Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal num‐
3813 ber > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s",
3814 Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: ⎪%s⎪, Illegal binary digit
3815 %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec,
3816 Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s
3817 attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator
3818 character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
3819 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
3820 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
3821 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in
3822 "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for
3823 variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset
3824 information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number >
3825 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen
3826 errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around
3827 "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Pos‐
3828 sible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME :
3829 ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in
3830 pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of
3831 freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take
3832 arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching
3833 effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ
3834 elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s),
3835 Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process
3836 %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c
3837 passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list,
3838 Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
3839 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list,
3840 Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a con‐
3841 stant number
3842 New tests
3844 Incompatible Changes
3845 Perl Source Incompatibilities
3846 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has
3847 changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Liter‐
3848 als of the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed
3849 pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys
3850 has changed, "undef" fails on read only values, Close-on-exec
3851 bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing "$$1" to
3852 mean "${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and
3853 "\(%h)", vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
3854 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, "%@" has been
3855 removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator,
3856 Semantics of bareword prototype "(*)" have changed, Semantics
3857 of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More
3858 builtins taint their results
3859 C Source Incompatibilities
3861 "PERL_POLLUTE", "PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT", "PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC"
3862 Compatible C Source API Changes
3864 "PATCHLEVEL" is now "PERL_VERSION"
3865 Binary Incompatibilities
3867 Known Problems
3868 Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
3869 Known test failures
3870 EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
3871 UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
3872 Arrow operator and arrays
3873 Experimental features
3874 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak ref‐
3875 erences, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Inter‐
3876 nal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular
3877 expression code constructs:
3878 Obsolete Diagnostics
3880 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions,
3881 Ill-formed logical name ⎪%s⎪ in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now
3882 must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp
3883 too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
3884 Reporting Bugs
3886 SEE ALSO
3887 HISTORY
3888 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
3890 DESCRIPTION
3892 Core Enhancements
3893 Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
3894 Lexically scoped warning categories
3895 Unicode and UTF-8 support
3896 Support for interpolating named characters
3897 "our" declarations
3898 Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
3899 Improved Perl version numbering system
3900 New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
3901 File and directory handles can be autovivified
3902 open() with more than two arguments
3903 64-bit support
3904 Large file support
3905 Long doubles
3906 "more bits"
3907 Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
3908 "sort $coderef @foo" allowed
3909 File globbing implemented internally
3910 Support for CHECK blocks
3911 POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
3912 Better pseudo-random number generator
3913 Improved "qw//" operator
3914 Better worst-case behavior of hashes
3915 pack() format 'Z' supported
3916 pack() format modifier '!' supported
3917 pack() and unpack() support counted strings
3918 Comments in pack() templates
3919 Weak references
3920 Binary numbers supported
3921 Lvalue subroutines
3922 Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
3923 Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
3924 exists() is supported on subroutine names
3925 exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
3926 Pseudo-hashes work better
3927 Automatic flushing of output buffers
3928 Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
3929 Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
3930 eof() has the same old magic as <>
3931 binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
3932 "-T" filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
3933 system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
3934 Improved diagnostics
3935 Diagnostics follow STDERR
3936 More consistent close-on-exec behavior
3937 syswrite() ease-of-use
3938 Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
3939 Bit operators support full native integer width
3940 Improved security features
3941 More functional bareword prototype (*)
3942 "require" and "do" may be overridden
3943 $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
3944 New variable $^C reflects "-c" switch
3945 New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
3946 Optional Y2K warnings
3947 Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
3948 @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex matches
3949 Modules and Pragmata
3950 Modules
3951 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames,
3952 Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dump‐
3953 value, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare,
3954 File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions,
3955 Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex,
3956 Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, pod‐
3957 checker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect,
3958 Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File,
3959 Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local,
3960 Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
3961 Pragmata
3963 Utility Changes
3964 dprofpp
3965 find2perl
3966 h2xs
3967 perlcc
3968 perldoc
3969 The Perl Debugger
3970 Improved Documentation
3971 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
3972 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perl‐
3973 hack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, per‐
3974 lopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perluni‐
3975 code.pod
3976 Performance enhancements
3978 Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
3979 Optimized assignments to lexical variables
3980 Faster subroutine calls
3981 delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
3982 Installation and Configuration Improvements
3983 -Dusethreads means something different
3984 New Configure flags
3985 Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
3986 Long Doubles
3987 -Dusemorebits
3988 -Duselargefiles
3989 installusrbinperl
3990 SOCKS support
3991 "-A" flag
3992 Enhanced Installation Directories
3993 Platform specific changes
3994 Supported platforms
3995 DOS
3996 OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
3997 VMS
3998 Win32
3999 Significant bug fixes
4000 <HANDLE> on empty files
4001 "eval '...'" improvements
4002 All compilation errors are true errors
4003 Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
4004 Behavior of list slices is more consistent
4005 "(\$)" prototype and $foo{a}
4006 "goto &sub" and AUTOLOAD
4007 "-bareword" allowed under "use integer"
4008 Failures in DESTROY()
4009 Locale bugs fixed
4010 Memory leaks
4011 Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
4012 Taint failures under "-U"
4013 END blocks and the "-c" switch
4014 Potential to leak DATA filehandles
4015 New or Changed Diagnostics
4016 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not
4017 yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only
4018 after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A
4019 or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric
4020 type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecog‐
4021 nized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should
4022 probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check proto‐
4023 type, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is
4024 not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subrou‐
4025 tine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved
4026 word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join
4027 self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored,
4028 Bareword found in conditional, Binary number >
4029 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size >
4030 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
4031 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in
4032 "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing
4033 to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read
4034 CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s
4035 from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character
4036 class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside
4037 character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s,
4038 CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
4039 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did
4040 you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data,
4041 entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, File‐
4042 handle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s,
4043 Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal num‐
4044 ber > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s",
4045 Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: ⎪%s⎪, Illegal binary digit
4046 %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec,
4047 Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s
4048 attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator
4049 character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
4050 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
4051 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
4052 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in
4053 "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for
4054 variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset
4055 information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number >
4056 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen
4057 errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around
4058 "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Pos‐
4059 sible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME :
4060 ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in
4061 pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of
4062 freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take
4063 arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching
4064 effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ
4065 elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s),
4066 Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process
4067 %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c
4068 passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list,
4069 Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
4070 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list,
4071 Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a con‐
4072 stant number
4073 New tests
4075 Incompatible Changes
4076 Perl Source Incompatibilities
4077 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has
4078 changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Liter‐
4079 als of the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed
4080 pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys
4081 has changed, "undef" fails on read only values, Close-on-exec
4082 bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing "$$1" to
4083 mean "${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and
4084 "\(%h)", vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
4085 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, "%@" has been
4086 removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator,
4087 Semantics of bareword prototype "(*)" have changed, Semantics
4088 of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More
4089 builtins taint their results
4090 C Source Incompatibilities
4092 "PERL_POLLUTE", "PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT", "PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC"
4093 Compatible C Source API Changes
4095 "PATCHLEVEL" is now "PERL_VERSION"
4096 Binary Incompatibilities
4098 Known Problems
4099 Thread test failures
4100 EBCDIC platforms not supported
4101 In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
4102 NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
4103 Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
4104 gcc
4105 UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
4106 Arrow operator and arrays
4107 Experimental features
4108 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak ref‐
4109 erences, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Inter‐
4110 nal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular
4111 expression code constructs:
4112 Obsolete Diagnostics
4114 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions,
4115 Ill-formed logical name ⎪%s⎪ in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now
4116 must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp
4117 too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
4118 Reporting Bugs
4120 SEE ALSO
4121 HISTORY
4122 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
4124 DESCRIPTION
4126 About the new versioning system
4127 Incompatible Changes
4128 WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
4129 Default installation structure has changed
4130 Perl Source Compatibility
4131 C Source Compatibility
4132 Binary Compatibility
4133 Security fixes may affect compatibility
4134 Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
4135 Licensing
4136 Core Changes
4137 Threads
4138 Compiler
4139 Regular Expressions
4140 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regu‐
4141 lar expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular
4142 expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes
4143 Improved malloc()
4145 Quicksort is internally implemented
4146 Reliable signals
4147 Reliable stack pointers
4148 More generous treatment of carriage returns
4149 Memory leaks
4150 Better support for multiple interpreters
4151 Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
4152 "%!" is transparently tied to the Errno module
4153 Pseudo-hashes are supported
4154 "EXPR foreach EXPR" is supported
4155 Keywords can be globally overridden
4156 $^E is meaningful on Win32
4157 "foreach (1..1000000)" optimized
4158 "Foo::" can be used as implicitly quoted package name
4159 "exists $Foo::{Bar::}" tests existence of a package
4160 Better locale support
4161 Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
4162 prototype() returns useful results on builtins
4163 Extended support for exception handling
4164 Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
4165 All "printf" format conversions are handled internally
4166 New "INIT" keyword
4167 New "lock" keyword
4168 New "qr//" operator
4169 "our" is now a reserved word
4170 Tied arrays are now fully supported
4171 Tied handles support is better
4172 4th argument to substr
4173 Negative LENGTH argument to splice
4174 Magic lvalues are now more magical
4175 <> now reads in records
4176 Supported Platforms
4177 New Platforms
4178 Changes in existing support
4179 Modules and Pragmata
4180 New Modules
4181 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtU‐
4182 tils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test,
4183 Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re
4184 Changes in existing modules
4186 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX,
4187 DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
4188 Utility Changes
4190 Documentation Changes
4191 New Diagnostics
4192 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &,
4193 Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to
4194 nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value,
4195 Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce
4196 array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't
4197 localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not
4198 available, Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax
4199 [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [:
4200 :] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =]
4201 is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regu‐
4202 lar expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
4203 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assum‐
4204 ing package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field,
4205 No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during
4206 ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range,
4207 Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' %s,
4208 Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value
4209 assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated,
4210 perl: warning: Setting locale failed
4211 Obsolete Diagnostics
4213 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for -e: %s, Cannot open
4214 temporary file, regexp too big
4215 Configuration Changes
4217 BUGS
4218 SEE ALSO
4219 HISTORY
4220 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
4222 DESCRIPTION
4224 Supported Environments
4225 Core Changes
4226 List assignment to %ENV works
4227 Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
4228 Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
4229 $PERL5OPT environment variable
4230 Limitations on -M, -m, and -T options
4231 More precise warnings
4232 Deprecated: Inherited "AUTOLOAD" for non-methods
4233 Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
4234 Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
4235 Group vector changeable with $)
4236 Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
4237 Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
4238 No resetting of $. on implicit close
4239 "wantarray" may return undef
4240 "eval EXPR" determines value of EXPR in scalar context
4241 Changes to tainting checks
4242 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV,
4243 $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a
4244 terminal name
4245 New Opcode module and revised Safe module
4247 Embedding improvements
4248 Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
4249 Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
4250 New and changed syntax
4251 $coderef->(PARAMS)
4252 New and changed builtin constants
4254 __PACKAGE__
4255 New and changed builtin variables
4257 $^E, $^H, $^M
4258 New and changed builtin functions
4260 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue,
4261 my() in Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use
4262 VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand,
4263 $_ as Default, "m//gc" does not reset search position on fail‐
4264 ure, "m//x" ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested "sub{}"
4265 closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
4266 New builtin methods
4268 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
4269 TIEHANDLE now supported
4271 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST,
4272 READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
4273 Malloc enhancements
4275 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
4276 Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
4278 Support for More Operating Systems
4279 Win32
4280 Plan 9
4281 QNX
4282 AmigaOS
4283 Pragmata
4284 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir',
4285 use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
4286 Modules
4288 Required Updates
4289 Installation directories
4290 Module information summary
4291 Fcntl
4292 IO
4293 Math::Complex
4294 Math::Trig
4295 DB_File
4296 Net::Ping
4297 Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
4298 Utility Changes
4299 pod2html
4300 Sends converted HTML to standard output
4301 xsubpp
4303 "void" XSUBs now default to returning nothing
4304 C Language API Changes
4306 "gv_fetchmethod" and "perl_call_sv", "perl_eval_pv", Extended API
4307 for manipulating hashes
4308 Documentation Changes
4310 perldelta, perlfaq, perllocale, perltoot, perlapio, perlmodlib,
4311 perldebug, perlsec
4312 New Diagnostics
4314 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argu‐
4315 ment is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx,
4316 Allocation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s),
4317 Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference
4318 as lvalue in substr, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package,
4319 Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s")
4320 as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s'
4321 overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined,
4322 Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a ref‐
4323 erence, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long,
4324 Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
4325 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal num‐
4326 ber, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s",
4327 Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name
4328 "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline,
4329 Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request
4330 for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw()
4331 list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value
4332 @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving
4333 method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "-T" option, untie
4334 attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized char‐
4335 acter %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
4336 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with
4337 defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not
4338 stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name
4339 ⎪%s⎪ in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed
4340 PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
4341 BUGS
4343 SEE ALSO
4344 HISTORY
4345 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
4347 SYNOPSIS
4349 DESCRIPTION
4350 The "Artistic License"
4351 Preamble
4352 Definitions
4353 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Rea‐
4354 sonable copying fee", "Freely Available"
4355 Conditions
4357 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
4358 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
4360 SYNOPSIS
4362 DESCRIPTION
4363 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
4364 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
4366 DESCRIPTION
4368 Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
4369 OS level
4370 Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
4371 The IBM ANSI C Compiler
4372 The usenm option
4373 Using GNU's gcc for building perl
4374 Using Large Files with Perl
4375 Threaded Perl
4376 64-bit Perl
4377 AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
4378 AUTHOR
4379 DATE
4380 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
4382 NOTE
4384 SYNOPSIS
4385 DESCRIPTION
4386 Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
4387 Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library, Version of Amiga OS
4388 Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
4390 Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
4391 INSTALLATION
4392 Accessing documentation
4393 Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
4394 Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
4395 Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
4396 Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
4397 BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
4398 Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
4399 Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
4400 Making Perl on AmigaOS
4401 Testing Perl on AmigaOS
4402 Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
4403 PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
4404 AUTHORS
4405 SEE ALSO
4406 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
4408 DESCRIPTION
4410 AUTHOR
4411 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5.8+ on BeOS
4413 DESCRIPTION
4415 BUILD AND INSTALL
4416 Requirements
4417 Configure
4418 Build
4419 Install
4420 KNOWN PROBLEMS
4421 CONTACT
4422 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
4424 SYNOPSIS
4426 DESCRIPTION
4427 gzip on BS2000
4428 bison on BS2000
4429 Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
4430 Compiling Perl on BS2000
4431 Testing Perl on BS2000
4432 Installing Perl on BS2000
4433 Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
4434 Using Perl in "native" BS2000
4435 Floating point anomalies on BS2000
4436 Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
4437 AUTHORS
4438 SEE ALSO
4439 Mailing list
4440 HISTORY
4441 perlce - Perl for WinCE
4443 DESCRIPTION
4445 BUILD
4446 Tools & SDK
4447 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer
4448 Keuchel's celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
4449 Make
4451 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run com‐
4452 pile.bat, run
4453 compile.bat dist
4454 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
4456 AUTHORS
4457 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
4459 SYNOPSIS
4461 PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
4462 Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
4463 Cygwin Configuration
4464 "PATH", nroff, Permissions
4465 CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
4467 Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
4468 Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
4469 "-lcrypt", "-lgdbm" ("use GDBM_File"), "-ldb" ("use DB_File"),
4470 "-lcygipc" ("use IPC::SysV"), "-lutil"
4471 Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
4473 "-Uusedl", "-Uusemymalloc", "-Uuseperlio", "-Dusemultiplicity",
4474 "-Duse64bitint", "-Duselongdouble", "-Dusethreads", "-Duse‐
4475 largefiles", "-Dmksymlinks"
4476 Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
4478 dlsym(), Win9x and "d_eofnblk", Compiler/Preprocessor defines
4479 MAKE ON CYGWIN
4481 Errors on Cygwin
4482 ld2 on Cygwin
4483 TEST ON CYGWIN
4484 File Permissions on Cygwin
4485 NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
4486 "fork()" failures in io_* tests
4487 Specific features of the Cygwin port
4488 Script Portability on Cygwin
4489 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, .exe, cygwin vs. windows
4490 process ids, "chown()", Miscellaneous
4491 Prebuilt methods:
4493 "Cwd::cwd", "Cygwin::pid_to_winpid", "Cygwin::winpid_to_pid"
4494 INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
4496 MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
4497 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled
4498 Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
4499 BUGS ON CYGWIN
4501 AUTHORS
4502 HISTORY
4503 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
4505 SYNOPSIS
4507 DESCRIPTION
4508 BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
4509 Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
4510 Threaded Perl on DG/UX
4511 Testing Perl on DG/UX
4512 Installing the built perl on DG/UX
4513 AUTHOR
4514 SEE ALSO
4515 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
4517 SYNOPSIS
4519 DESCRIPTION
4520 Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
4521 DJGPP, Pthreads
4522 Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
4524 Building Perl on DOS
4525 Testing Perl on DOS
4526 Installation of Perl on DOS
4527 BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
4528 Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
4529 Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
4530 Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
4531 Building XS Modules on DOS
4532 AUTHOR
4533 SEE ALSO
4534 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
4536 SYNOPSIS
4538 INTRODUCTION
4539 INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
4540 STARTING PERL ON EPOC
4541 Editors on Epoc
4542 Features of Perl on Epoc
4543 Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
4544 Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
4545 SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
4546 AUTHOR
4547 LAST UPDATE
4548 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
4550 DESCRIPTION
4552 FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
4553 $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
4554 Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
4555 AUTHOR
4556 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX)
4558 systems
4559 DESCRIPTION
4561 Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
4562 Using perl from HP's porting centre
4563 Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
4564 PA-RISC
4565 Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
4566 PA-RISC 1.0
4567 PA-RISC 1.1
4568 PA-RISC 2.0
4569 Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
4570 Itanium & Itanium 2
4571 Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
4572 The HP ANSI C Compiler
4573 The GNU C Compiler
4574 Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
4575 Threaded Perl on HP-UX
4576 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
4577 Oracle on HP-UX
4578 GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
4579 NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
4580 perl -P and // and HP-UX
4581 HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
4582 nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
4583 AUTHOR
4584 DATE
4585 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
4587 DESCRIPTION
4589 Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
4590 AUTHOR
4591 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
4593 DESCRIPTION
4595 Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
4596 Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
4597 About Compiler Versions of Irix
4598 Linker Problems in Irix
4599 Malloc in Irix
4600 Building with threads in Irix
4601 Irix 5.3
4602 AUTHOR
4603 perllinux, README.linux - Perl version 5 on Linux systems
4605 DESCRIPTION
4607 Experimental Support for Sun Studio Compilers for Linux OS
4608 AUTHOR
4609 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen systems
4611 DESCRIPTION
4613 Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported
4614 Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen
4615 Failures during "make test" on MachTen
4616 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
4617 Building external modules on MachTen
4619 AUTHOR
4620 DATE
4621 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
4623 SYNOPSIS
4625 DESCRIPTION
4626 AUTHOR
4627 DATE
4628 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
4630 SYNOPSIS
4632 DESCRIPTION
4633 Installation Prefix
4634 libperl and Prebinding
4635 Updating Apple-supplied Perl
4636 64-bit Perl
4637 Intel processor support
4638 Universal binaries
4639 Known problems
4640 MacPerl
4641 Carbon
4642 Cocoa
4643 Starting From Scratch
4644 AUTHOR
4645 DATE
4646 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
4648 DESCRIPTION
4650 Known problems with Perl on MiNT
4651 AUTHOR
4652 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
4654 SYNOPSIS
4656 NOTE
4657 Binary distribution from HP
4658 What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
4659 Welcome to Perl/iX
4660 System Requirements for Perl/iX
4661 How to Obtain Perl/iX
4662 Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
4663 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/, pub‐
4664 lic_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
4665 How to Compile Perl/iX
4667 4, 6
4668 Getting Started with Perl/iX
4670 MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
4671 Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
4672 Perl/iX To-Do List
4673 Perl/iX Change History
4674 AUTHOR
4675 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
4677 DESCRIPTION
4679 BUILD
4680 Tools & SDK
4681 Setup
4682 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
4683 Make
4685 Interpreter
4686 Extensions
4687 INSTALL
4688 BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
4689 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
4690 AUTHORS
4691 DATE
4692 perlopenbsd, README.openbsd - Perl version 5 on OpenBSD systems
4694 DESCRIPTION
4696 OpenBSD core dumps from getprotobyname_r and getservbyname_r with
4697 ithreads
4698 AUTHOR
4699 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
4701 SYNOPSIS
4703 DESCRIPTION
4704 Target
4705 Other OSes
4706 Prerequisites
4707 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
4708 Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
4710 Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
4711 Frequently asked questions
4712 "It does not work"
4713 I cannot run external programs
4714 I cannot embed perl into my program, or use perl.dll from my pro‐
4715 gram.
4716 Is your program EMX-compiled with "-Zmt -Zcrtdll"?, Did you use
4717 ExtUtils::Embed?
4718 `` and pipe-"open" do not work under DOS.
4720 Cannot start "find.exe "pattern" file"
4721 INSTALLATION
4722 Automatic binary installation
4723 "PERL_BADLANG", "PERL_BADFREE", Config.pm
4724 Manual binary installation
4726 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO
4727 executable (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities,
4728 Main Perl library, Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile
4729 Perl modules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for
4730 Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in
4731 .INF format, Pdksh
4732 Warning
4734 Accessing documentation
4735 OS/2 .INF file
4736 Plain text
4737 Manpages
4738 HTML
4739 GNU "info" files
4740 PDF files
4741 "LaTeX" docs
4742 BUILD
4743 The short story
4744 Prerequisites
4745 Getting perl source
4746 Application of the patches
4747 Hand-editing
4748 Making
4749 Testing
4750 A lot of "bad free", Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT,
4751 op/fs.t, op/stat.t
4752 Installing the built perl
4754 "a.out"-style build
4755 Building a binary distribution
4756 Building custom .EXE files
4757 Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
4758 extensions
4759 Making executables with a custom search-paths
4760 Build FAQ
4761 Some "/" became "\" in pdksh.
4762 'errno' - unresolved external
4763 Problems with tr or sed
4764 Some problem (forget which ;-)
4765 Library ... not found
4766 Segfault in make
4767 op/sprintf test failure
4768 Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
4769 "setpriority", "getpriority"
4770 "system()"
4771 "extproc" on the first line
4772 Additional modules:
4773 Prebuilt methods:
4774 "File::Copy::syscopy", "DynaLoader::mod2fname", "Cwd::cur‐
4775 rent_drive()",
4776 "Cwd::sys_chdir(name)", "Cwd::change_drive(name)",
4777 "Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)", "Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)",
4778 "Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)", "Cwd::sys_cwd(name)",
4779 "Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)", "Cwd::extLibpath([type])",
4780 "Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )", "OS2::Error(do_harder‐
4781 ror,do_exception)", "OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)", OS2::SysInfo(),
4782 OS2::BootDrive(), "OS2::MorphPM(serve)", "OS2::UnMor‐
4783 phPM(serve)", "OS2::Serve_Messages(force)", "OS2::Process_Mes‐
4784 sages(force [, cnt])", "OS2::_control87(new,mask)",
4785 OS2::get_control87(), "OS2::set_con‐
4786 trol87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)", "OS2::DLLname([how [,
4787 \&xsub]])"
4788 Prebuilt variables:
4790 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout,
4791 $OS2::can_fork, $OS2::nsyserror
4792 Misfeatures
4794 Modifications
4795 "popen", "tmpnam", "tmpfile", "ctermid", "stat", "mkdir",
4796 "rmdir", "flock"
4797 Identifying DLLs
4799 Centralized management of resources
4800 "HAB", "HMQ", Treating errors reported by OS/2 API, "CheckOSEr‐
4801 ror(expr)", "CheckWinError(expr)", "SaveWinError(expr)", "Save‐
4802 CroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)", "WinError_2_Perl_rc",
4803 "FillWinError", "FillOSError(rc)", Loading DLLs and ordinals in
4804 DLLs
4805 Perl flavors
4807 perl.exe
4808 perl_.exe
4809 perl__.exe
4810 perl___.exe
4811 Why strange names?
4812 Why dynamic linking?
4813 Why chimera build?
4814 ENVIRONMENT
4815 "PERLLIB_PREFIX"
4816 "PERL_BADLANG"
4817 "PERL_BADFREE"
4818 "PERL_SH_DIR"
4819 "USE_PERL_FLOCK"
4820 "TMP" or "TEMP"
4821 Evolution
4822 Text-mode filehandles
4823 Priorities
4824 DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
4825 DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
4826 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, "BEGINLIBPATH" and "ENDLIBPATH", .
4827 from "LIBPATH"
4828 DLL forwarder generation
4830 Threading
4831 Calls to external programs
4832 Memory allocation
4833 Threads
4834 "COND_WAIT", os2.c
4835 BUGS
4837 AUTHOR
4838 SEE ALSO
4839 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and
4841 z/OS
4842 SYNOPSIS
4844 DESCRIPTION
4845 Tools
4846 Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
4847 Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
4848 Configure Perl on OS/390
4849 Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
4850 Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
4851 Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
4852 Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
4853 Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
4854 Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
4855 Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
4856 AUTHORS
4857 SEE ALSO
4858 Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
4859 HISTORY
4860 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
4862 DESCRIPTION
4864 Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
4865 Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
4866 Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
4867 Known Problems
4868 Perl on ILE
4869 AUTHORS
4870 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
4872 DESCRIPTION
4874 Invoking Perl
4875 What's in Plan 9 Perl
4876 What's not in Plan 9 Perl
4877 Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
4878 Signals in Plan 9 Perl
4879 COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
4880 Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
4881 BUGS
4882 Revision date
4883 AUTHOR
4884 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
4886 DESCRIPTION
4888 Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
4889 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
4890 Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
4892 QNX auxiliary files
4893 qnx/ar, qnx/cpp
4894 Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
4896 AUTHOR
4897 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
4899 DESCRIPTION
4901 Solaris Version Numbers.
4902 RESOURCES
4903 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
4904 SETTING UP
4906 File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
4907 Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
4908 Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
4909 RUN CONFIGURE.
4910 64-bit perl on Solaris.
4911 Threads in perl on Solaris.
4912 Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
4913 MAKE PROBLEMS.
4914 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl:
4915 fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error
4916 "No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found, warning: dead
4917 part of constant expression is nonconstant
4918 MAKE TEST
4920 op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
4921 nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
4922 PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
4923 RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
4924 Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
4925 SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
4926 SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
4927 Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
4928 BSD::Resource on Solaris
4929 Net::SSLeay on Solaris
4930 SunOS 4.x
4931 AUTHOR
4932 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
4934 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
4935 DESCRIPTION
4937 Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
4938 Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
4939 Threaded Perl on Tru64
4940 Long Doubles on Tru64
4941 DB_File tests failing on Tru64
4942 64-bit Perl on Tru64
4943 Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
4944 Testing Perl on Tru64
4945 ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
4946 Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
4947 AUTHOR
4948 perluts - Perl under UTS
4950 SYNOPSIS
4952 DESCRIPTION
4953 BUILDING PERL ON UTS
4954 Installing the built perl on UTS
4955 AUTHOR
4956 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
4958 SYNOPSIS
4960 DESCRIPTION
4961 Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
4962 Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
4963 Configure Perl on VM/ESA
4964 Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
4965 Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
4966 AUTHORS
4967 SEE ALSO
4968 Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
4969 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
4971 DESCRIPTION
4973 Installation
4974 Organization of Perl Images
4975 Core Images
4976 Perl Extensions
4977 Installing static extensions
4978 Installing dynamic extensions
4979 File specifications
4980 Syntax
4981 Wildcard expansion
4982 Pipes
4983 PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
4984 Command line
4985 I/O redirection and backgrounding
4986 Command line switches
4987 -i, -S, -u
4988 Perl functions
4990 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER,
4991 dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill,
4992 qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times,
4993 unlink LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
4994 Perl variables
4996 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $⎪
4997 Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
4999 SDBM_File
5000 Revision date
5001 AUTHOR
5002 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
5004 SYNOPSIS
5006 Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
5007 Stratus POSIX Support
5008 INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
5009 Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
5010 Installing Perl 5 on VOS
5011 USING PERL IN VOS
5012 Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
5013 Restrictions of Perl on VOS
5014 Handling of underflow and overflow
5015 TEST STATUS
5016 SUPPORT STATUS
5017 AUTHOR
5018 LAST UPDATE
5019 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
5021 SYNOPSIS
5023 DESCRIPTION
5024 Setting Up Perl on Win32
5025 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Micro‐
5026 soft Visual C++ Toolkit 2003, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit
5027 Compiler, MinGW release 3 with gcc, MinGW release 1 with gcc
5028 Building
5030 Testing Perl on Win32
5031 Installation of Perl on Win32
5032 Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
5033 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the com‐
5034 mand line, Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expan‐
5035 sion, Win32 Specific Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
5036 Running Perl Scripts
5038 Miscellaneous Things
5039 BUGS AND CAVEATS
5040 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
5041 AUTHORS
5042 Gary Ng <71564.1743@CompuServe.COM>, Gurusamy Sarathy
5043 <gsar@activestate.com>, Nick Ing-Simmons <nick@ing-simmons.net>,
5044 Jan Dubois <jand@activestate.com>, Steve Hay
5045 <steve.hay@uk.radan.com>
5046 SEE ALSO
5048 HISTORY
5049
5051 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
5052 SYNOPSIS
5054 DESCRIPTION
5055 method, locked
5056 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
5058 SYNOPSIS
5060 DESCRIPTION
5061 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
5063 structures between threads
5064 SYNOPSIS
5066 DESCRIPTION
5067 EXPORT
5068 FUNCTIONS
5069 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait COND‐
5070 VAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait
5071 CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast
5072 VARIABLE
5073 NOTES
5075 BUGS
5076 AUTHOR
5077 SEE ALSO
5078 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from
5080 perl
5081 SYNOPSIS
5083 DESCRIPTION
5084 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join,
5085 $thread->detach, threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid
5086 ), threads->yield();, threads->list();, async BLOCK;
5087 WARNINGS
5089 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
5090 TODO
5092 BUGS
5093 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, Creating
5094 threads inside BEGIN blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe,
5095 will not be
5096 AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
5098 SEE ALSO
5099 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
5101 SYNOPSIS
5103 DESCRIPTION
5104 Built-in Attributes
5105 locked, method, lvalue
5106 Available Subroutines
5108 get, reftype
5109 Package-specific Attribute Handling
5111 FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES
5112 Syntax of Attribute Lists
5114 EXPORTS
5115 Default exports
5116 Available exports
5117 Export tags defined
5118 EXAMPLES
5119 SEE ALSO
5120 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
5122 SYNOPSIS
5124 DESCRIPTION
5125 WARNING
5126 AUTHOR
5127 SEE ALSO
5128 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
5130 SYNOPSIS
5132 DESCRIPTION
5133 DIAGNOSTICS
5134 Base class package "%s" is empty
5135 HISTORY
5137 CAVEATS
5138 SEE ALSO
5139 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
5141 SYNOPSIS
5143 DESCRIPTION
5144 Options
5145 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or ver‐
5146 sion
5147 Math Library
5149 Internal Format
5150 Sign
5151 Methods
5152 Caveat
5153 MODULES USED
5154 EXAMPLES
5155 LICENSE
5156 SEE ALSO
5157 AUTHORS
5158 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
5160 SYNOPSIS
5162 DESCRIPTION
5163 Options
5164 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or ver‐
5165 sion
5166 Methods
5168 Caveat
5169 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
5170 MATH LIBRARY
5172 INTERNAL FORMAT
5173 SIGN
5174 MODULES USED
5175 EXAMPLES
5176 LICENSE
5177 SEE ALSO
5178 AUTHORS
5179 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
5181 SYNOPSIS
5183 DESCRIPTION
5184 Modules Used
5185 Math Library
5186 Sign
5187 Methods
5188 Cavaet
5189 Options
5190 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or ver‐
5191 sion
5192 EXAMPLES
5194 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
5195 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
5196 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
5197 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
5198 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
5199 LICENSE
5201 SEE ALSO
5202 AUTHORS
5203 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
5205 SYNOPSIS
5207 DESCRIPTION
5208 BUGS
5209 AUTHOR
5210 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
5212 semantics
5213 SYNOPSIS
5215 DESCRIPTION
5216 LIMITATIONS
5217 SEE ALSO
5218 charnames - define character names for "\N{named}" string literal
5220 escapes
5221 SYNOPSIS
5223 DESCRIPTION
5224 CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
5225 CUSTOM ALIASES
5226 Anonymous hashes
5227 Alias file
5228 Alias shortcut
5229 charnames::viacode(code)
5230 charnames::vianame(name)
5231 ALIASES
5232 ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
5233 BUGS
5234 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
5236 SYNOPSIS
5238 DESCRIPTION
5239 NOTES
5240 List constants
5241 Defining multiple constants at once
5242 Magic constants
5243 TECHNICAL NOTES
5244 BUGS
5245 AUTHOR
5246 COPYRIGHT
5247 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
5249 SYNOPSIS
5251 DESCRIPTION
5252 The "diagnostics" Pragma
5253 The splain Program
5254 EXAMPLES
5255 INTERNALS
5256 BUGS
5257 AUTHOR
5258 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
5260 SYNOPSIS
5262 ABSTRACT
5263 Literal Conversions
5264 PerlIO layers for "STD(IN⎪OUT)"
5265 Implicit upgrading for byte strings
5266 FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
5267 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
5268 USAGE
5270 use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encoding ENCNAME [ STDIN => ENC‐
5271 NAME_IN ...] ;, use encoding ENCNAME Filter=>1;, no encoding;
5272 The Filter Option
5274 Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
5275 CAVEATS
5276 NOT SCOPED
5277 DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
5278 tr/// with ranges
5279 Legend of characters above
5280 EXAMPLE - Greekperl
5282 KNOWN PROBLEMS
5283 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
5284 The Logic of :locale
5286 HISTORY
5287 SEE ALSO
5288 fields - compile-time class fields
5290 SYNOPSIS
5292 DESCRIPTION
5293 new, phash
5294 SEE ALSO
5296 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
5298 SYNOPSIS
5300 DESCRIPTION
5301 subpragma access
5302 if - "use" a Perl module if a condition holds
5304 SYNOPSIS
5306 DESCRIPTION
5307 BUGS
5308 AUTHOR
5309 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
5311 point
5312 SYNOPSIS
5314 DESCRIPTION
5315 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
5317 SYNOPSIS
5319 DESCRIPTION
5320 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
5322 SYNOPSIS
5324 DESCRIPTION
5325 Adding directories to @INC
5326 Deleting directories from @INC
5327 Restoring original @INC
5328 CAVEATS
5329 NOTES
5330 SEE ALSO
5331 AUTHOR
5332 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in opera‐
5334 tions
5335 SYNOPSIS
5337 DESCRIPTION
5338 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
5340 SYNOPSIS
5342 DESCRIPTION
5343 NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
5344 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
5345 SEE ALSO
5346 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
5348 SYNOPSIS
5350 DESCRIPTION
5351 SEE ALSO
5352 overload - Package for overloading Perl operations
5354 SYNOPSIS
5356 DESCRIPTION
5357 Declaration of overloaded functions
5358 Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
5359 FALSE, TRUE, "undef"
5360 Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
5362 Calling Conventions for Mutators
5363 "++" and "--", "x=" and other assignment versions
5364 Overloadable Operations
5366 Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations,
5367 Increment and decrement, Transcendental functions, Boolean,
5368 string and numeric conversion, Iteration, Dereferencing, Spe‐
5369 cial
5370 Inheritance and overloading
5372 Strings as values of "use overload" directive, Overloading of
5373 an operation is inherited by derived classes
5374 SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR "use overload"
5376 Last Resort
5377 Fallback
5378 "undef", TRUE, defined, but FALSE
5379 Copy Constructor
5381 Example
5382 MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
5384 Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion operations,
5385 Increment and decrement, "abs($a)", Unary minus, Negation, Concate‐
5386 nation, Comparison operations, Iterator, Dereferencing, Copy opera‐
5387 tor
5388 Losing overloading
5390 Run-time Overloading
5391 Public functions
5392 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), over‐
5393 load::Method(obj,op)
5394 Overloading constants
5396 integer, float, binary, q, qr
5397 IMPLEMENTATION
5399 Metaphor clash
5400 Cookbook
5401 Two-face scalars
5402 Two-face references
5403 Symbolic calculator
5404 Really symbolic calculator
5405 AUTHOR
5406 DIAGNOSTICS
5407 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an
5408 overloadable type, `%s' is not a code reference
5409 BUGS
5411 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
5413 SYNOPSIS
5415 DESCRIPTION
5416 OPTIONS
5417 SIGNAL HANDLERS
5418 stack-trace, die, handler your-handler
5419 SIGNAL LISTS
5421 normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals
5422 OTHER
5424 untrapped, any, signal, number
5425 EXAMPLES
5427 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
5429 SYNOPSIS
5431 DESCRIPTION
5432 CAVEATS
5433 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
5435 SYNOPSIS
5437 DESCRIPTION
5438 "strict refs", "strict vars", "strict subs"
5439 HISTORY
5441 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
5443 SYNOPSIS
5445 DESCRIPTION
5446 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data struc‐
5448 tures between threads
5449 SYNOPSIS
5451 DESCRIPTION
5452 EXPORT
5453 FUNCTIONS
5454 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait COND‐
5455 VAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait
5456 CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast
5457 VARIABLE
5458 NOTES
5460 BUGS
5461 AUTHOR
5462 SEE ALSO
5463 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
5465 code
5466 SYNOPSIS
5468 DESCRIPTION
5469 Utility functions
5470 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::down‐
5471 grade($string[, FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string),
5472 utf8::decode($string), $flag = utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag =
5473 utf8::valid(STRING)
5474 BUGS
5476 SEE ALSO
5477 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
5479 SYNOPSIS
5481 DESCRIPTION
5482 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
5484 SYNOPSIS
5486 DESCRIPTION
5487 "vmsish status", "vmsish exit", "vmsish time", "vmsish hushed"
5488 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
5490 SYNOPSIS
5492 DESCRIPTION
5493 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warn‐
5494 ings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warn‐
5495 ings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category, $message), warn‐
5496 ings::warn($object, $message), warnings::warnif($message), warn‐
5497 ings::warnif($category, $message), warnings::warnif($object, $mes‐
5498 sage)
5499 warnings::register - warnings import function
5501 SYNOPSIS
5503 DESCRIPTION
5504
5506 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
5507 SYNOPSIS
5509 DESCRIPTION
5510 DBM Comparisons
5511 [0], [1], [2], [3]
5512 SEE ALSO
5514 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
5516 VERSION
5518 SYNOPSIS
5519 DESCRIPTION
5520 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
5521 Typed lexicals
5523 Type-specific attribute handlers
5524 Non-interpretive attribute handlers
5525 Phase-specific attribute handlers
5526 Attributes as "tie" interfaces
5527 EXAMPLES
5528 DIAGNOSTICS
5529 "Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)", "Attribute handler %s doesn't han‐
5530 dle %s attributes", "Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may
5531 clash with future reserved word", "Can't have two ATTR specifiers
5532 on one subroutine", "Can't autotie a %s", "Internal error: %s sym‐
5533 bol went missing", "Won't be able to apply END handler"
5534 AUTHOR
5536 BUGS
5537 COPYRIGHT
5538 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
5540 SYNOPSIS
5542 DESCRIPTION
5543 Subroutine Stubs
5544 Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
5545 Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
5546 Package Lexicals
5547 Not Using AutoLoader
5548 AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader
5549 CAVEATS
5550 SEE ALSO
5551 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
5553 SYNOPSIS
5555 DESCRIPTION
5556 $keep, $check, $modtime
5557 Multiple packages
5559 DIAGNOSTICS
5560 B - The Perl Compiler
5562 SYNOPSIS
5564 DESCRIPTION
5565 OVERVIEW
5566 Utility Functions
5567 Functions Returning "B::SV", "B::AV", "B::HV", and "B::CV" objects
5568 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_genera‐
5569 tion, init_av, check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist,
5570 regex_padav, main_cv
5571 Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
5573 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
5574 Functions Returning "B::OP" objects or for walking op trees
5576 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkop‐
5577 tree_debug(DEBUG)
5578 Miscellaneous Utility Functions
5580 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
5581 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
5582 OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
5584 SV-RELATED CLASSES
5585 B::SV Methods
5586 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
5587 B::IV Methods
5589 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
5590 B::NV Methods
5592 NV, NVX
5593 B::RV Methods
5595 RV
5596 B::PV Methods
5598 PV, RV, PVX
5599 B::PVMG Methods
5601 MAGIC, SvSTASH
5602 B::MAGIC Methods
5604 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
5605 B::PVLV Methods
5607 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
5608 B::BM Methods
5610 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
5611 B::GV Methods
5613 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV,
5614 CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
5615 B::IO Methods
5617 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME,
5618 FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS,
5619 IsSTD
5620 B::AV Methods
5622 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
5623 B::CV Methods
5625 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUT‐
5626 SIDE_SEQ, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
5627 B::HV Methods
5629 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
5630 OP-RELATED CLASSES
5632 B::OP Methods
5633 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, opt, static,
5634 flags, private, spare
5635 B::UNOP METHOD
5637 first
5638 B::BINOP METHOD
5640 last
5641 B::LOGOP METHOD
5643 other
5644 B::LISTOP METHOD
5646 children
5647 B::PMOP Methods
5649 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
5650 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
5651 B::SVOP METHOD
5653 sv, gv
5654 B::PADOP METHOD
5656 padix
5657 B::PVOP METHOD
5659 pv
5660 B::LOOP Methods
5662 redoop, nextop, lastop
5663 B::COP Methods
5665 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings,
5666 io
5667 AUTHOR
5669 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate byte‐
5671 code
5672 SYNOPSIS
5674 DESCRIPTION
5675 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
5676 AUTHOR
5678 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
5680 SYNOPSIS
5682 DESCRIPTION
5683 AUTHORS
5684 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
5686 SYNOPSIS
5688 DESCRIPTION
5689 Functions
5690 find_leaders
5691 AUTHOR
5693 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
5695 SYNOPSIS
5697 DESCRIPTION
5698 EXAMPLE
5699 OPTIONS
5700 -b, -H, -k, -ooutfile, -s
5701 KNOWN BUGS
5703 NOTICE
5704 AUTHORS
5705 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
5707 SYNOPSIS
5709 DESCRIPTION
5710 OPTIONS
5711 -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA, -DC, -DM, -f,
5712 -fcog, -fsave-data, -fppaddr, -fwarn-sv, -fuse-script-name,
5713 -fsave-sig-hash, -On, -O0, -O1, -O2, -llimit
5714 EXAMPLES
5716 BUGS
5717 AUTHOR
5718 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
5720 SYNOPSIS
5722 DESCRIPTION
5723 OPTIONS
5724 -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr, -DO, -Ds,
5725 -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-bblock,
5726 -ffreetmps-each-loop, -fomit-taint, -On
5727 EXAMPLES
5729 BUGS
5730 DIFFERENCES
5731 Loops
5732 Context of ".."
5733 Arithmetic
5734 Deprecated features
5735 AUTHOR
5736 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
5738 SYNOPSIS
5740 DESCRIPTION
5741 EXAMPLE
5742 OPTIONS
5743 Options for Opcode Ordering
5744 -basic, -exec, -tree
5745 Options for Line-Style
5747 -concise, -terse, -linenoise, -debug, -env
5748 Options for tree-specific formatting
5750 -compact, -loose, -vt, -ascii
5751 Options controlling sequence numbering
5753 -basen, -bigendian, -littleendian
5754 Other options
5756 -main, -nomain, -nobanner, -banner, -banneris => subref
5757 Option Stickiness
5759 ABBREVIATIONS
5760 OP class abbreviations
5761 OP flags abbreviations
5762 FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
5763 Special Patterns
5764 (x(exec_text;basic_text)x), (*(text)*), (*(text1;text2)*),
5765 (?(text1#varText2)?), ~
5766 # Variables
5768 #var, #varN, #Var, #addr, #arg, #class, #classsym, #coplabel,
5769 #exname, #extarg, #firstaddr, #flags, #flagval, #hyphseq,
5770 #label, #lastaddr, #name, #NAME, #next, #nextaddr, #noise,
5771 #private, #privval, #seq, #seqnum, #opt, #static, #sibaddr,
5772 #svaddr, #svclass, #svval, #targ, #targarg, #targarglife,
5773 #typenum
5774 Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
5776 Example: Altering Concise Renderings
5777 set_style()
5778 set_style_standard($name)
5779 add_style()
5780 add_callback()
5781 Running B::Concise::compile()
5782 B::Concise::reset_sequence()
5783 Errors
5784 AUTHOR
5785 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
5787 SYNOPSIS
5789 DESCRIPTION
5790 AUTHOR
5791 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
5793 SYNOPSIS
5795 DESCRIPTION
5796 OPTIONS
5797 -d, -fFILE, -l, -p, -P, -q, -sLETTERS, C, iNUMBER, T, vSTRING.,
5798 -xLEVEL
5799 USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
5801 Synopsis
5802 Description
5803 new
5804 ambient_pragmas
5805 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits,
5806 warning_bits
5807 coderef2text
5809 BUGS
5810 AUTHOR
5811 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
5813 SYNOPSIS
5815 DESCRIPTION
5816 AUTHOR
5817 B::Lint - Perl lint
5819 SYNOPSIS
5821 DESCRIPTION
5822 OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
5823 context, implicit-read and implicit-write, bare-subs, dollar-under‐
5824 score, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-variables, all, none
5825 NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
5827 -u Package
5828 BUGS
5830 AUTHOR
5831 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
5833 SYNOPSIS
5835 DESCRIPTION
5836 CONVENTIONS
5837 IMPLEMENTATION
5838 BUGS
5839 AUTHOR
5840 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
5842 SYNOPSIS
5844 DESCRIPTION
5845 EXAMPLES
5846 OPTIONS
5847 SEE ALSO
5848 TODO
5849 AUTHOR
5850 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
5852 SYNOPSIS
5854 DESCRIPTION
5855 AUTHOR
5856 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
5858 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
5860 SYNOPSIS
5862 DESCRIPTION
5863 AUTHOR
5864 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
5866 SYNOPSIS
5868 DESCRIPTION
5869 OPTIONS
5870 "-oFILENAME", "-r", "-d", "-D[tO]"
5871 BUGS
5873 AUTHOR
5874 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
5876 SYNOPSIS
5878 DESCRIPTION
5879 Functions
5880 find_leaders
5881 AUTHOR
5883 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
5885 SYNOPSIS
5887 DESCRIPTION
5888 Methods
5889 new, debug, iters
5890 Standard Exports
5892 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE
5893 ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff (
5894 T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
5895 Optional Exports
5897 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT,
5898 CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ]
5899 ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ),
5900 timesum ( T1, T2 )
5901 :hireswallclock
5903 NOTES
5904 EXAMPLES
5905 INHERITANCE
5906 CAVEATS
5907 SEE ALSO
5908 AUTHORS
5909 MODIFICATION HISTORY
5910 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
5912 SYNOPSIS
5914 DESCRIPTION
5915 AUTHOR
5916 SEE ALSO
5917 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
5919 SYNOPSIS
5921 DESCRIPTION
5922 EXAMPLE
5923 OPTIONS
5924 -b, -H, -k, -ooutfile, -s
5925 KNOWN BUGS
5927 NOTICE
5928 AUTHORS
5929 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
5931 SYNOPSIS
5933 ABSTRACT
5934 DESCRIPTION
5935 PROGRAMMING STYLE
5936 CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
5937 CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
5938 CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
5939 FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
5940 FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
5941 FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
5942 SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
5943 APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
5944 IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
5945 DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
5946 DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
5947 HANDLING NON-URLENCODED ARGUMENTS
5948 DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
5949 FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
5950 SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
5951 RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
5952 USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
5953 :cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :html4, :netscape, :html, :stan‐
5954 dard, :all
5955 PRAGMAS
5957 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -tabindex, -no_undef_params,
5958 -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload,
5959 -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
5960 SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
5962 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table()
5963 (generates a </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul>
5964 tag), 4. end_ul() (generates a </ul> tag)
5965 GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
5967 CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
5968 GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
5969 CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
5970 Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..
5971 ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
5973 CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
5974 OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
5975 -absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info), -query
5976 (-query_string), -base, -rewrite
5977 MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
5979 CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
5980 PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
5981 THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
5982 HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
5983 NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
5984 AUTOESCAPING HTML
5985 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
5986 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
5987 PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
5989 CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
5990 CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
5991 STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
5992 application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data
5993 FORM ELEMENTS
5995 -name, -value, -values, -tabindex, -id, -override, -onChange,
5996 -onFocus, -onBlur, -onMouseOver, -onMouseOut, -onSelect
5997 CREATING A TEXT FIELD
5999 Parameters
6000 CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
6002 CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
6003 CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
6004 Parameters
6005 CREATING A POPUP MENU
6007 CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
6008 CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
6009 Parameters:
6010 CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
6012 Parameters:
6013 CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
6015 Parameters:
6016 CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
6018 Parameters:
6019 CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
6021 Parameters:
6022 CREATING A RESET BUTTON
6024 CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
6025 CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
6026 Parameters:
6027 CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
6029 Parameters:, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an
6030 alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
6031 CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
6033 HTTP COOKIES
6034 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
6035 -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires, -secure
6036 WORKING WITH FRAMES
6038 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
6039 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the
6040 document in the <form> tag
6041 SUPPORT FOR JAVASCRIPT
6043 onLoad, onUnload, onSubmit, onClick, onChange, onFocus, onBlur,
6044 onSelect, onMouseOver, onMouseOut
6045 LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
6047 DEBUGGING
6048 DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
6049 FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
6050 Accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(), path_trans‐
6051 lated(), remote_host(), script_name() Return the script name as a
6052 partial URL, for self-refering scripts, referer(), auth_type (),
6053 server_name (), virtual_host (), server_port (), virtual_port (),
6054 server_software (), remote_user (), user_name (), request_method(),
6055 content_type(), http(), https()
6056 USING NPH SCRIPTS
6058 In the use statement, By calling the nph() method:, By using -nph
6059 parameters
6060 Server Push
6062 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multi‐
6063 part_final()
6064 Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
6066 $CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-by-script
6067 basis, 2. Globally for all scripts
6068 COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
6070 AUTHOR INFORMATION
6071 CREDITS
6072 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
6073 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike
6074 Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin
6075 (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent
6076 Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
6077 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
6078 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
6079 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
6080 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@ful‐
6081 crum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu),
6082 Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net),
6083 David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@open‐
6084 group.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many
6085 more..
6086 A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
6088 BUGS
6089 SEE ALSO
6090 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
6092 SYNOPSIS
6094 ABSTRACT
6095 DESCRIPTION
6096 AUTHOR INFORMATION
6097 BUGS
6098 SEE ALSO
6099 CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other)
6101 error log
6102 SYNOPSIS
6104 DESCRIPTION
6105 REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
6106 MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
6107 Changing the default message
6108 MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
6109 OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
6110 AUTHORS
6111 SEE ALSO
6112 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
6114 SYNOPSIS
6116 DESCRIPTION
6117 USING CGI::Cookie
6118 1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag
6119 Creating New Cookies
6121 Sending the Cookie to the Browser
6122 Recovering Previous Cookies
6123 Manipulating Cookies
6124 name(), value(), domain(), path(), expires()
6125 AUTHOR INFORMATION
6127 BUGS
6128 SEE ALSO
6129 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
6131 SYNOPSIS
6133 DESCRIPTION
6134 OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
6135 WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
6136 INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
6137 USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
6138 EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
6139 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
6140 CAVEATS
6142 AUTHOR INFORMATION
6143 BUGS
6144 SEE ALSO
6145 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
6147 SYNOPSIS
6149 DESCRIPTION
6150 Tags that won't be formatted
6151 Customizing the Indenting
6152 BUGS
6153 AUTHOR
6154 SEE ALSO
6155 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
6157 SYNOPSIS
6159 DESCRIPTION
6160 USING CGI::Push
6161 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires,
6162 -nph
6163 Heterogeneous Pages
6165 Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
6166 INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
6167 AUTHOR INFORMATION
6168 BUGS
6169 SEE ALSO
6170 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
6172 SYNOPSIS
6174 ABSTRACT
6175 DESCRIPTION
6176 AUTHOR INFORMATION
6177 BUGS
6178 SEE ALSO
6179 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
6181 SYNOPSIS
6183 DESCRIPTION
6184 AUTHOR INFORMATION
6185 SEE ALSO
6186 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
6188 SYNOPSIS
6190 STATUS
6191 DESCRIPTION
6192 Interactive Mode
6193 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules,
6194 make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get,
6195 readme, perldoc, look module or distribution, ls author, ls
6196 globbing_expresion, Signals
6197 CPAN::Shell
6199 autobundle
6200 recompile
6201 The four "CPAN::*" Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
6202 Programmer's interface
6203 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
6204 Methods in the other Classes
6206 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
6207 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(),
6208 CPAN::Author::name(), CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bun‐
6209 dle::as_string(), CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::con‐
6210 tains(), CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bun‐
6211 dle::get(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_ver‐
6212 sion(), CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(),
6213 CPAN::Bundle::make(), CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bun‐
6214 dle::test(), CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribu‐
6215 tion::as_string(), CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribu‐
6216 tion::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(),
6217 CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribu‐
6218 tion::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
6219 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
6220 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
6221 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
6222 CPAN::Distribution::perldoc(), CPAN::Distribution::test(),
6223 CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(),
6224 CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Mod‐
6225 ule::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Mod‐
6226 ule::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Mod‐
6227 ule::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Mod‐
6228 ule::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
6229 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Mod‐
6230 ule::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Mod‐
6231 ule::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), CPAN::Module::manpage_head‐
6232 line(), CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::perldoc(),
6233 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Mod‐
6234 ule::userid()
6235 Cache Manager
6237 Bundles
6238 Prerequisites
6239 Finding packages and VERSION
6240 Debugging
6241 Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
6242 CONFIGURATION
6243 "o conf <scalar option>", "o conf <scalar option> <value>", "o conf
6244 <list option>", "o conf <list option> [shift⎪pop]", "o conf <list
6245 option> [unshift⎪push⎪splice] <list>"
6246 Note on urllist parameter's format
6248 urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
6249 SECURITY
6250 Cryptographically signed modules
6251 EXPORT
6252 POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
6253 WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
6254 Three basic types of firewalls
6255 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Mas‐
6256 querade
6257 Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
6259 FAQ 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10), 11)
6260 BUGS
6262 AUTHOR
6263 TRANSLATIONS
6264 SEE ALSO
6265 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
6267 SYNOPSIS
6269 DESCRIPTION
6270 CPAN::Version - utility functions to compare CPAN versions
6272 SYNOPSIS
6274 DESCRIPTION
6275 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
6277 SYNOPSIS
6279 DESCRIPTION
6280 SEE ALSO
6281 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
6283 SYNOPSIS
6285 DESCRIPTION
6286 Forcing a Stack Trace
6287 GLOBAL VARIABLES
6288 $Carp::CarpLevel
6289 $Carp::MaxEvalLen
6290 $Carp::MaxArgLen
6291 $Carp::MaxArgNums
6292 $Carp::Verbose
6293 BUGS
6294 Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
6296 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
6298 SYNOPSIS
6300 DESCRIPTION
6301 FUNCTIONS
6302 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
6303 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
6304 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
6305 CAUTIONARY NOTES
6307 COPYRIGHT
6308 AUTHOR
6309 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
6311 SYNOPSIS
6313 DESCRIPTION
6314 The "struct()" function
6315 Class Creation at Compile Time
6316 Element Types and Accessor Methods
6317 Scalar ('$' or '*$'), Array ('@' or '*@'), Hash ('%' or '*%'),
6318 Class ('Class_Name' or '*Class_Name')
6319 Initializing with "new"
6321 EXAMPLES
6322 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
6323 Author and Modification History
6325 Config - access Perl configuration information
6327 SYNOPSIS
6329 DESCRIPTION
6330 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
6331 EXAMPLE
6333 WARNING
6334 GLOSSARY
6335 _ "_a", "_exe", "_o"
6336 a "afs", "afsroot", "alignbytes", "ansi2knr", "aphostname",
6338 "api_revision", "api_subversion", "api_version", "api_version‐
6339 string", "ar", "archlib", "archlibexp", "archname64", "arch‐
6340 name", "archobjs", "asctime_r_proto", "awk"
6341 b "baserev", "bash", "bin", "binexp", "bison", "byacc", "byte‐
6343 order"
6344 c "c", "castflags", "cat", "cc", "cccdlflags", "ccdlflags",
6346 "ccflags", "ccflags_uselargefiles", "ccname", "ccsymbols",
6347 "ccversion", "cf_by", "cf_email", "cf_time", "charsize",
6348 "chgrp", "chmod", "chown", "clocktype", "comm", "compress",
6349 "contains", "cp", "cpio", "cpp", "cpp_stuff", "cppccsymbols",
6350 "cppflags", "cpplast", "cppminus", "cpprun", "cppstdin", "cpp‐
6351 symbols", "crypt_r_proto", "cryptlib", "csh", "cter‐
6352 mid_r_proto", "ctime_r_proto"
6353 d "d__fwalk", "d_access", "d_accessx", "d_aintl", "d_alarm",
6355 "d_archlib", "d_asctime_r", "d_atolf", "d_atoll",
6356 "d_attribute_format", "d_attribute_malloc", "d_attribute_non‐
6357 null", "d_attribute_noreturn", "d_attribute_pure",
6358 "d_attribute_unused", "d_attribute_warn_unused_result",
6359 "d_bcmp", "d_bcopy", "d_bsd", "d_bsdgetpgrp", "d_bsdsetpgrp",
6360 "d_bzero", "d_casti32", "d_castneg", "d_charvspr", "d_chown",
6361 "d_chroot", "d_chsize", "d_class", "d_clearenv", "d_closedir",
6362 "d_cmsghdr_s", "d_const", "d_copysignl", "d_crypt",
6363 "d_crypt_r", "d_csh", "d_ctermid_r", "d_ctime_r", "d_cuserid",
6364 "d_dbl_dig", "d_dbminitproto", "d_difftime", "d_dirfd",
6365 "d_dirnamlen", "d_dlerror", "d_dlopen", "d_dlsymun",
6366 "d_dosuid", "d_drand48_r", "d_drand48proto", "d_dup2", "d_eac‐
6367 cess", "d_endgrent", "d_endgrent_r", "d_endhent", "d_endhos‐
6368 tent_r", "d_endnent", "d_endnetent_r", "d_endpent", "d_endpro‐
6369 toent_r", "d_endpwent", "d_endpwent_r", "d_endsent", "d_endser‐
6370 vent_r", "d_eofnblk", "d_eunice", "d_faststdio", "d_fchdir",
6371 "d_fchmod", "d_fchown", "d_fcntl", "d_fcntl_can_lock",
6372 "d_fd_macros", "d_fd_set", "d_fds_bits", "d_fgetpos",
6373 "d_finite", "d_finitel", "d_flexfnam", "d_flock", "d_flock‐
6374 proto", "d_fork", "d_fp_class", "d_fpathconf", "d_fpclass",
6375 "d_fpclassify", "d_fpclassl", "d_fpos64_t", "d_frexpl",
6376 "d_fs_data_s", "d_fseeko", "d_fsetpos", "d_fstatfs",
6377 "d_fstatvfs", "d_fsync", "d_ftello", "d_ftime", "d_futimes",
6378 "d_Gconvert", "d_getcwd", "d_getespwnam", "d_getfsstat",
6379 "d_getgrent", "d_getgrent_r", "d_getgrgid_r", "d_getgrnam_r",
6380 "d_getgrps", "d_gethbyaddr", "d_gethbyname", "d_gethent",
6381 "d_gethname", "d_gethostbyaddr_r", "d_gethostbyname_r",
6382 "d_gethostent_r", "d_gethostprotos", "d_getitimer", "d_getlo‐
6383 gin", "d_getlogin_r", "d_getmnt", "d_getmntent",
6384 "d_getnbyaddr", "d_getnbyname", "d_getnent", "d_getnet‐
6385 byaddr_r", "d_getnetbyname_r", "d_getnetent_r", "d_getnetpro‐
6386 tos", "d_getpagsz", "d_getpbyname", "d_getpbynumber", "d_get‐
6387 pent", "d_getpgid", "d_getpgrp2", "d_getpgrp", "d_getppid",
6388 "d_getprior", "d_getprotobyname_r", "d_getprotobynumber_r",
6389 "d_getprotoent_r", "d_getprotoprotos", "d_getprpwnam", "d_getp‐
6390 went", "d_getpwent_r", "d_getpwnam_r", "d_getpwuid_r", "d_gets‐
6391 byname", "d_getsbyport", "d_getsent", "d_getservbyname_r",
6392 "d_getservbyport_r", "d_getservent_r", "d_getservprotos",
6393 "d_getspnam", "d_getspnam_r", "d_gettimeod", "d_gmtime_r",
6394 "d_gnulibc", "d_grpasswd", "d_hasmntopt", "d_htonl",
6395 "d_ilogbl", "d_index", "d_inetaton", "d_int64_t", "d_isascii",
6396 "d_isfinite", "d_isinf", "d_isnan", "d_isnanl", "d_killpg",
6397 "d_lchown", "d_ldbl_dig", "d_link", "d_localtime_r", "d_loc‐
6398 conv", "d_lockf", "d_longdbl", "d_longlong", "d_lseekproto",
6399 "d_lstat", "d_madvise", "d_malloc_size", "d_malloc_good_size",
6400 "d_mblen", "d_mbstowcs", "d_mbtowc", "d_memchr", "d_memcmp",
6401 "d_memcpy", "d_memmove", "d_memset", "d_mkdir", "d_mkdtemp",
6402 "d_mkfifo", "d_mkstemp", "d_mkstemps", "d_mktime", "d_mmap",
6403 "d_modfl", "d_modfl_pow32_bug", "d_modflproto", "d_mprotect",
6404 "d_msg", "d_msg_ctrunc", "d_msg_dontroute", "d_msg_oob",
6405 "d_msg_peek", "d_msg_proxy", "d_msgctl", "d_msgget",
6406 "d_msghdr_s", "d_msgrcv", "d_msgsnd", "d_msync", "d_munmap",
6407 "d_mymalloc", "d_nanosleep", "d_nice", "d_nl_langinfo",
6408 "d_nv_preserves_uv", "d_nv_zero_is_allbits_zero", "d_off64_t",
6409 "d_old_pthread_create_joinable", "d_oldpthreads", "d_oldsock",
6410 "d_open3", "d_pathconf", "d_pause", "d_perl_otherlibdirs",
6411 "d_phostname", "d_pipe", "d_poll", "d_portable", "d_PRId64",
6412 "d_PRIeldbl", "d_PRIEUldbl", "d_PRIfldbl", "d_PRIFUldbl",
6413 "d_PRIgldbl", "d_PRIGUldbl", "d_PRIi64", "d_PRIo64",
6414 "d_PRIu64", "d_PRIx64", "d_PRIXU64", "d_procselfexe",
6415 "d_pthread_atfork", "d_pthread_attr_setscope",
6416 "d_pthread_yield", "d_pwage", "d_pwchange", "d_pwclass",
6417 "d_pwcomment", "d_pwexpire", "d_pwgecos", "d_pwpasswd",
6418 "d_pwquota", "d_qgcvt", "d_quad", "d_random_r", "d_read‐
6419 dir64_r", "d_readdir", "d_readdir_r", "d_readlink", "d_readv",
6420 "d_recvmsg", "d_rename", "d_rewinddir", "d_rmdir",
6421 "d_safebcpy", "d_safemcpy", "d_sanemcmp", "d_sbrkproto",
6422 "d_scalbnl", "d_sched_yield", "d_scm_rights", "d_SCNfldbl",
6423 "d_seekdir", "d_select", "d_sem", "d_semctl", "d_sem‐
6424 ctl_semid_ds", "d_semctl_semun", "d_semget", "d_semop",
6425 "d_sendmsg", "d_setegid", "d_seteuid", "d_setgrent", "d_set‐
6426 grent_r", "d_setgrps", "d_sethent", "d_sethostent_r",
6427 "d_setitimer", "d_setlinebuf", "d_setlocale", "d_setlocale_r",
6428 "d_setnent", "d_setnetent_r", "d_setpent", "d_setpgid",
6429 "d_setpgrp2", "d_setpgrp", "d_setprior", "d_setproctitle",
6430 "d_setprotoent_r", "d_setpwent", "d_setpwent_r", "d_setregid",
6431 "d_setresgid", "d_setresuid", "d_setreuid", "d_setrgid",
6432 "d_setruid", "d_setsent", "d_setservent_r", "d_setsid",
6433 "d_setvbuf", "d_sfio", "d_shm", "d_shmat", "d_shmatprototype",
6434 "d_shmctl", "d_shmdt", "d_shmget", "d_sigaction", "d_sigproc‐
6435 mask", "d_sigsetjmp", "d_sockatmark", "d_sockatmarkproto",
6436 "d_socket", "d_socklen_t", "d_sockpair", "d_socks5_init",
6437 "d_sprintf_returns_strlen", "d_sqrtl", "d_srand48_r", "d_sran‐
6438 dom_r", "d_sresgproto", "d_sresuproto", "d_statblks",
6439 "d_statfs_f_flags", "d_statfs_s", "d_statvfs",
6440 "d_stdio_cnt_lval", "d_stdio_ptr_lval",
6441 "d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt", "d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt",
6442 "d_stdio_stream_array", "d_stdiobase", "d_stdstdio",
6443 "d_strchr", "d_strcoll", "d_strctcpy", "d_strerrm", "d_str‐
6444 error", "d_strerror_r", "d_strftime", "d_strlcat", "d_strlcpy",
6445 "d_strtod", "d_strtol", "d_strtold", "d_strtoll", "d_strtoq",
6446 "d_strtoul", "d_strtoull", "d_strtouq", "d_strxfrm", "d_suid‐
6447 safe", "d_symlink", "d_syscall", "d_syscallproto", "d_sysconf",
6448 "d_sysernlst", "d_syserrlst", "d_system", "d_tcgetpgrp",
6449 "d_tcsetpgrp", "d_telldir", "d_telldirproto", "d_time",
6450 "d_times", "d_tm_tm_gmtoff", "d_tm_tm_zone", "d_tmpnam_r",
6451 "d_truncate", "d_ttyname_r", "d_tzname", "d_u32align",
6452 "d_ualarm", "d_umask", "d_uname", "d_union_semun",
6453 "d_unordered", "d_unsetenv", "d_usleep", "d_usleepproto",
6454 "d_ustat", "d_vendorarch", "d_vendorbin", "d_vendorlib",
6455 "d_vendorscript", "d_vfork", "d_void_closedir", "d_voidsig",
6456 "d_voidtty", "d_volatile", "d_vprintf", "d_wait4", "d_waitpid",
6457 "d_wcstombs", "d_wctomb", "d_writev", "d_xenix", "date",
6458 "db_hashtype", "db_prefixtype", "db_version_major", "db_ver‐
6459 sion_minor", "db_version_patch", "defvoidused", "direntrytype",
6460 "dlext", "dlsrc", "doublesize", "drand01", "drand48_r_proto",
6461 "dynamic_ext"
6462 e "eagain", "ebcdic", "echo", "egrep", "emacs", "end‐
6464 grent_r_proto", "endhostent_r_proto", "endnetent_r_proto",
6465 "endprotoent_r_proto", "endpwent_r_proto", "endser‐
6466 vent_r_proto", "eunicefix", "exe_ext", "expr", "extensions",
6467 "extras"
6468 f "fflushall", "fflushNULL", "find", "firstmakefile", "flex",
6470 "fpossize", "fpostype", "freetype", "from", "full_ar",
6471 "full_csh", "full_sed"
6472 g "gccansipedantic", "gccosandvers", "gccversion", "get‐
6474 grent_r_proto", "getgrgid_r_proto", "getgrnam_r_proto", "geth‐
6475 ostbyaddr_r_proto", "gethostbyname_r_proto", "gethos‐
6476 tent_r_proto", "getlogin_r_proto", "getnetbyaddr_r_proto",
6477 "getnetbyname_r_proto", "getnetent_r_proto", "getprotoby‐
6478 name_r_proto", "getprotobynumber_r_proto", "getpro‐
6479 toent_r_proto", "getpwent_r_proto", "getpwnam_r_proto", "getp‐
6480 wuid_r_proto", "getservbyname_r_proto", "getservby‐
6481 port_r_proto", "getservent_r_proto", "getspnam_r_proto", "gid‐
6482 format", "gidsign", "gidsize", "gidtype", "glibpth", "gmake",
6483 "gmtime_r_proto", "gnulibc_version", "grep", "groupcat",
6484 "groupstype", "gzip"
6485 h "h_fcntl", "h_sysfile", "hint", "hostcat", "html1dir",
6487 "html1direxp", "html3dir", "html3direxp"
6488 i "i16size", "i16type", "i32size", "i32type", "i64size",
6490 "i64type", "i8size", "i8type", "i_arpainet", "i_bsdioctl",
6491 "i_crypt", "i_db", "i_dbm", "i_dirent", "i_dld", "i_dlfcn",
6492 "i_fcntl", "i_float", "i_fp", "i_fp_class", "i_gdbm", "i_grp",
6493 "i_ieeefp", "i_inttypes", "i_langinfo", "i_libutil", "i_lim‐
6494 its", "i_locale", "i_machcthr", "i_malloc", "i_math", "i_mem‐
6495 ory", "i_mntent", "i_ndbm", "i_netdb", "i_neterrno",
6496 "i_netinettcp", "i_niin", "i_poll", "i_prot", "i_pthread",
6497 "i_pwd", "i_rpcsvcdbm", "i_sfio", "i_sgtty", "i_shadow",
6498 "i_socks", "i_stdarg", "i_stddef", "i_stdlib", "i_string",
6499 "i_sunmath", "i_sysaccess", "i_sysdir", "i_sysfile", "i_sys‐
6500 filio", "i_sysin", "i_sysioctl", "i_syslog", "i_sysmman",
6501 "i_sysmode", "i_sysmount", "i_sysndir", "i_sysparam", "i_sys‐
6502 resrc", "i_syssecrt", "i_sysselct", "i_syssockio", "i_sysstat",
6503 "i_sysstatfs", "i_sysstatvfs", "i_systime", "i_systimek",
6504 "i_systimes", "i_systypes", "i_sysuio", "i_sysun", "i_sysut‐
6505 sname", "i_sysvfs", "i_syswait", "i_termio", "i_termios",
6506 "i_time", "i_unistd", "i_ustat", "i_utime", "i_values",
6507 "i_varargs", "i_varhdr", "i_vfork", "ignore_versioned_solibs",
6508 "inc_version_list", "inc_version_list_init", "incpath",
6509 "inews", "installarchlib", "installbin", "installhtml1dir",
6510 "installhtml3dir", "installman1dir", "installman3dir",
6511 "installprefix", "installprefixexp", "installprivlib",
6512 "installscript", "installsitearch", "installsitebin", "install‐
6513 sitehtml1dir", "installsitehtml3dir", "installsitelib",
6514 "installsiteman1dir", "installsiteman3dir", "installsite‐
6515 script", "installstyle", "installusrbinperl", "installvendo‐
6516 rarch", "installvendorbin", "installvendorhtml1dir", "install‐
6517 vendorhtml3dir", "installvendorlib", "installvendorman1dir",
6518 "installvendorman3dir", "installvendorscript", "intsize",
6519 "issymlink", "ivdformat", "ivsize", "ivtype"
6520 k "known_extensions", "ksh"
6522 l "ld", "lddlflags", "ldflags", "ldflags_uselargefiles",
6524 "ldlibpthname", "less", "lib_ext", "libc", "libperl", "libpth",
6525 "libs", "libsdirs", "libsfiles", "libsfound", "libspath", "lib‐
6526 swanted", "libswanted_uselargefiles", "line", "lint",
6527 "lkflags", "ln", "lns", "localtime_r_proto", "locincpth",
6528 "loclibpth", "longdblsize", "longlongsize", "longsize", "lp",
6529 "lpr", "ls", "lseeksize", "lseektype"
6530 m "mail", "mailx", "make", "make_set_make", "mallocobj", "malloc‐
6532 src", "malloctype", "man1dir", "man1direxp", "man1ext",
6533 "man3dir", "man3direxp", "man3ext"
6534 M "Mcc", "mips_type", "mistrustnm", "mkdir", "mmaptype", "mode‐
6536 type", "more", "multiarch", "mv", "myarchname", "mydomain",
6537 "myhostname", "myuname"
6538 n "n", "need_va_copy", "netdb_hlen_type", "netdb_host_type",
6540 "netdb_name_type", "netdb_net_type", "nm", "nm_opt",
6541 "nm_so_opt", "nonxs_ext", "nroff", "nv_preserves_uv_bits",
6542 "nveformat", "nvEUformat", "nvfformat", "nvFUformat", "nvgfor‐
6543 mat", "nvGUformat", "nvsize", "nvtype"
6544 o "o_nonblock", "obj_ext", "old_pthread_create_joinable", "opti‐
6546 mize", "orderlib", "osname", "osvers", "otherlibdirs"
6547 p "package", "pager", "passcat", "patchlevel", "path_sep",
6549 "perl5", "perl", "perl_patchlevel"
6550 P "PERL_REVISION", "PERL_SUBVERSION", "PERL_VERSION", "perlad‐
6552 min", "perllibs", "perlpath", "pg", "phostname", "pidtype",
6553 "plibpth", "pmake", "pr", "prefix", "prefixexp", "privlib",
6554 "privlibexp", "procselfexe", "prototype", "ptrsize"
6555 q "quadkind", "quadtype"
6557 r "randbits", "randfunc", "random_r_proto", "randseedtype", "ran‐
6559 lib", "rd_nodata", "readdir64_r_proto", "readdir_r_proto",
6560 "revision", "rm", "rmail", "run", "runnm"
6561 s "sched_yield", "scriptdir", "scriptdirexp", "sed", "seedfunc",
6563 "selectminbits", "selecttype", "sendmail", "setgrent_r_proto",
6564 "sethostent_r_proto", "setlocale_r_proto", "setnetent_r_proto",
6565 "setprotoent_r_proto", "setpwent_r_proto", "setser‐
6566 vent_r_proto", "sh", "shar", "sharpbang", "shmattype", "short‐
6567 size", "shrpenv", "shsharp", "sig_count", "sig_name",
6568 "sig_name_init", "sig_num", "sig_num_init", "sig_size", "sig‐
6569 nal_t", "sitearch", "sitearchexp", "sitebin", "sitebinexp",
6570 "sitehtml1dir", "sitehtml1direxp", "sitehtml3dir", "site‐
6571 html3direxp", "sitelib", "sitelib_stem", "sitelibexp", "site‐
6572 man1dir", "siteman1direxp", "siteman3dir", "siteman3direxp",
6573 "siteprefix", "siteprefixexp", "sitescript", "sitescriptexp",
6574 "sizesize", "sizetype", "sleep", "smail", "so", "sockethdr",
6575 "socketlib", "socksizetype", "sort", "spackage", "spitshell",
6576 "sPRId64", "sPRIeldbl", "sPRIEUldbl", "sPRIfldbl", "sPRI‐
6577 FUldbl", "sPRIgldbl", "sPRIGUldbl", "sPRIi64", "sPRIo64",
6578 "sPRIu64", "sPRIx64", "sPRIXU64", "srand48_r_proto", "sran‐
6579 dom_r_proto", "src", "sSCNfldbl", "ssizetype", "startperl",
6580 "startsh", "static_ext", "stdchar", "stdio_base", "stdio_buf‐
6581 siz", "stdio_cnt", "stdio_filbuf", "stdio_ptr",
6582 "stdio_stream_array", "strerror_r_proto", "strings", "submit",
6583 "subversion", "sysman"
6584 t "tail", "tar", "targetarch", "tbl", "tee", "test", "timeincl",
6586 "timetype", "tmpnam_r_proto", "to", "touch", "tr", "trnl",
6587 "troff", "ttyname_r_proto"
6588 u "u16size", "u16type", "u32size", "u32type", "u64size",
6590 "u64type", "u8size", "u8type", "uidformat", "uidsign", "uid‐
6591 size", "uidtype", "uname", "uniq", "uquadtype",
6592 "use5005threads", "use64bitall", "use64bitint", "usecrosscom‐
6593 pile", "usedl", "usefaststdio", "useithreads", "uselargefiles",
6594 "uselongdouble", "usemallocwrap", "usemorebits", "usemultiplic‐
6595 ity", "usemymalloc", "usenm", "useopcode", "useperlio", "use‐
6596 posix", "usereentrant", "usesfio", "useshrplib", "usesocks",
6597 "usethreads", "usevendorprefix", "usevfork", "usrinc",
6598 "uuname", "uvoformat", "uvsize", "uvtype", "uvuformat", "uvx‐
6599 format", "uvXUformat"
6600 v "vendorarch", "vendorarchexp", "vendorbin", "vendorbinexp",
6602 "vendorhtml1dir", "vendorhtml1direxp", "vendorhtml3dir", "ven‐
6603 dorhtml3direxp", "vendorlib", "vendorlib_stem", "vendorlibexp",
6604 "vendorman1dir", "vendorman1direxp", "vendorman3dir", "vendor‐
6605 man3direxp", "vendorprefix", "vendorprefixexp", "vendorscript",
6606 "vendorscriptexp", "version", "version_patchlevel_string",
6607 "versiononly", "vi", "voidflags"
6608 x "xlibpth"
6610 y "yacc", "yaccflags"
6612 z "zcat", "zip"
6614 NOTE
6616 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
6618 SYNOPSIS
6620 DESCRIPTION
6621 getcwd and friends
6622 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd
6623 abs_path and friends
6625 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
6626 $ENV{PWD}
6628 NOTES
6629 AUTHOR
6630 COPYRIGHT
6631 SEE ALSO
6632 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject
6634 to change)
6635 SYNOPSIS
6637 DESCRIPTION
6638 Global Variables
6639 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
6640 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
6641 $DB::lineno
6642 API Methods
6644 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING),
6645 CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(),
6646 CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
6647 Client Callback Methods
6649 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(),
6650 CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->eval‐
6651 code(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->output(LIST)
6652 BUGS
6654 AUTHOR
6655 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values
6657 SYNOPSIS
6659 DESCRIPTION
6660 What is a DBM Filter?
6661 So what's new?
6662 METHODS
6663 $db->Filter_Push()
6664 $db->Filter_Key_Push()
6665 $db->Filter_Value_Push()
6666 Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push
6667 $db->Filter_Pop()
6669 $db->Filtered()
6670 Writing a Filter
6671 Immediate Filters
6672 Canned Filters
6673 "name", params
6674 Filters Included
6676 utf8, encode, compress, int32, null
6677 NOTES
6679 Maintain Round Trip Integrity
6680 Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file.
6681 EXAMPLE
6682 SEE ALSO
6683 AUTHOR
6684 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
6686 SYNOPSIS
6688 DESCRIPTION
6689 DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO
6690 Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
6692 Interface to Berkeley DB
6693 Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
6694 Default Parameters
6695 In Memory Databases
6696 DB_HASH
6697 A Simple Example
6698 DB_BTREE
6699 Changing the BTREE sort order
6700 Handling Duplicate Keys
6701 The get_dup() Method
6702 The find_dup() Method
6703 The del_dup() Method
6704 Matching Partial Keys
6705 DB_RECNO
6706 The 'bval' Option
6707 A Simple Example
6708 Extra RECNO Methods
6709 $X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift,
6710 $X->unshift(list) ;, $X->length, $X->splice(offset, length,
6711 elements);
6712 Another Example
6714 THE API INTERFACE
6715 $status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status =
6716 $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->del($key [,
6717 $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $status = $X->seq($key, $value,
6718 $flags) ;, $status = $X->sync([$flags]) ;
6719 DBM FILTERS
6721 filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, fil‐
6722 ter_fetch_value
6723 The Filter
6725 An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
6726 Another Example -- Key is a C int.
6727 HINTS AND TIPS
6728 Locking: The Trouble with fd
6729 Safe ways to lock a database
6730 Tie::DB_Lock, Tie::DB_LockFile, DB_File::Lock
6731 Sharing Databases With C Applications
6733 The untie() Gotcha
6734 COMMON QUESTIONS
6735 Why is there Perl source in my database?
6736 How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
6737 What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
6738 What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
6739 REFERENCES
6740 HISTORY
6741 BUGS
6742 AVAILABILITY
6743 COPYRIGHT
6744 SEE ALSO
6745 AUTHOR
6746 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
6748 printing and "eval"
6749 SYNOPSIS
6751 DESCRIPTION
6752 Methods
6753 PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump or PACK‐
6754 AGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]),
6755 $OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Reset
6756 Functions
6758 Dumper(LIST)
6759 Configuration Variables or Methods
6761 Exports
6762 Dumper
6763 EXAMPLES
6765 BUGS
6766 NOTE
6767 AUTHOR
6768 VERSION
6769 SEE ALSO
6770 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
6772 SYNOPSIS
6774 DESCRIPTION
6775 PROFILE FORMAT
6776 AUTOLOAD
6777 ENVIRONMENT
6778 BUGS
6779 SEE ALSO
6780 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
6782 SYNOPSIS
6784 DESCRIPTION
6785 Why use ppport.h?
6786 You should use ppport.h in modern code so that your code will
6787 work with the widest range of Perl interpreters possible, with‐
6788 out significant additional work.
6789 How to use ppport.h
6791 Running ppport.h
6792 FUNCTIONS
6793 WriteFile
6794 COMPATIBILITY
6795 Provided Perl compatibility API
6796 Perl API not supported by ppport.h
6797 perl 5.9.2, perl 5.9.1, perl 5.9.0, perl 5.8.3, perl 5.8.1,
6798 perl 5.8.0, perl 5.7.3, perl 5.7.2, perl 5.7.1, perl 5.6.1,
6799 perl 5.6.0, perl 5.005_03, perl 5.005, perl 5.004_05, perl
6800 5.004_04, perl 5.004
6801 BUGS
6803 AUTHORS
6804 COPYRIGHT
6805 SEE ALSO
6806 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
6808 SYNOPSIS
6810 DESCRIPTION
6811 Runtime debugging
6812 Memory footprint debugging
6813 EXAMPLES
6814 A simple scalar string
6815 A simple scalar number
6816 A simple scalar with an extra reference
6817 A reference to a simple scalar
6818 A reference to an array
6819 A reference to a hash
6820 Dumping a large array or hash
6821 A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
6822 A reference to a subroutine
6823 EXPORTS
6824 BUGS
6825 AUTHOR
6826 SEE ALSO
6827 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
6829 SYNOPSIS
6831 DESCRIPTION
6832 Devel::Size - Perl extension for finding the memory usage of Perl vari‐
6834 ables
6835 SYNOPSIS
6837 DESCRIPTION
6838 FUNCTIONS
6839 size($ref)
6840 total_size($ref)
6841 EXPORT
6842 UNDERSTANDING MEMORY ALLOCATION
6843 The C library
6844 Perl
6845 DANGERS
6846 Messages: texts originating from this module.
6847 Errors
6848 warnings
6849 BUGS
6850 AUTHOR
6851 COPYRIGHT
6852 SEE ALSO
6853 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests
6855 SYNOPSIS
6857 DESCRIPTION
6858 binary, hex, base64
6859 OO INTERFACE
6861 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...),
6862 $ctx = Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone,
6863 $ctx->reset, $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ),
6864 $ctx->add_bits( $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ),
6865 $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
6866 Digest speed
6868 SEE ALSO
6869 AUTHOR
6870 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
6872 SYNOPSIS
6874 DESCRIPTION
6875 FUNCTIONS
6876 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
6877 METHODS
6879 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone,
6880 $md5->add($data,...), $md5->addfile($io_handle),
6881 $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits), $md5->add_bits($bitstring),
6882 $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
6883 EXAMPLES
6885 SEE ALSO
6886 COPYRIGHT
6887 AUTHORS
6888 Digest::base - Digest base class
6890 SYNOPSIS
6892 DESCRIPTION
6893 SEE ALSO
6894 Digest::file - Calculate digests of files
6896 SYNOPSIS
6898 DESCRIPTION
6899 digest_file( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_hex(
6900 $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_base64( $file, $algo‐
6901 rithm, [$arg,...] )
6902 SEE ALSO
6904 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
6906 SYNOPSIS
6908 DESCRIPTION
6909 NOTES
6910 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
6912 SYNOPSIS
6914 DESCRIPTION
6915 Creation
6916 "arrayDepth", "hashDepth", "compactDump", "veryCompact",
6917 "globPrint", "dumpDBFiles", "dumpPackages", "dumpReused",
6918 "tick", "quoteHighBit", "printUndef", "usageOnly", unctrl, sub‐
6919 dump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal
6920 Methods
6922 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unc‐
6923 trl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
6924 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
6926 SYNOPSIS
6928 DESCRIPTION
6929 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols,
6930 @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(),
6931 $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(),
6932 dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(), dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_sym‐
6933 bol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
6934 AUTHOR
6936 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl
6938 code
6939 VERSION
6941 SYNOPSIS
6942 DESCRIPTION
6943 Migration from "DynaLoader"
6944 Backward compatible boilerplate
6945 Order of initialization: early load()
6946 The most hairy case
6947 DIAGNOSTICS
6948 Can't find '%s' symbol in %s, Can't load '%s' for module %s: %s,
6949 Undefined symbols present after loading %s: %s,
6950 XSLoader::load('Your::Module', $Your::Module::VERSION)
6951 LIMITATIONS
6953 BUGS
6954 SEE ALSO
6955 AUTHORS
6956 COPYRIGHT
6957 Encode - character encodings
6959 SYNOPSIS
6961 Table of Contents
6962 DESCRIPTION
6963 TERMINOLOGY
6964 PERL ENCODING API
6965 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string =
6966 decode(ENCODING, $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets,
6967 FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [, CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);,
6968 $string = decode_utf8($octets [, CHECK]);
6969 Listing available encodings
6971 Defining Aliases
6972 Encoding via PerlIO
6973 Handling Malformed Data
6974 NOTE: Not all encoding support this feature, CHECK =
6975 Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), CHECK = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), CHECK
6976 = Encode::FB_QUIET, CHECK = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (CHECK =
6977 Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_HTML‐
6978 CREF), XML charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask
6979 coderef for CHECK
6981 Defining Encodings
6982 The UTF-8 flag
6983 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
6984 Messing with Perl's Internals
6986 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
6987 UTF-8 vs. utf8
6989 SEE ALSO
6990 MAINTAINER
6991 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
6993 SYNOPSIS
6995 DESCRIPTION
6996 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:,
6997 As a code reference, e.g.:
6998 Alias overloading
7000 SEE ALSO
7001 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
7003 SYNOPSIS
7005 ABSTRACT
7006 DESCRIPTION
7007 SEE ALSO
7008 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
7010 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
7012 SYNOPSIS
7014 DESCRIPTION
7015 NOTES
7016 BUGS
7017 SEE ALSO
7018 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
7020 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
7022 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
7024 SYNOPSIS
7026 ABSTRACT
7027 DESCRIPTION
7028 SEE ALSO
7029 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
7031 SYNOPSIS
7033 DESCRIPTION
7034 Methods you should implement
7035 ->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check]),
7036 ->cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator
7037 [,$check])
7038 Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
7040 ->name, ->renew, ->renewed, ->perlio_ok(), ->needs_lines()
7041 Example: Encode::ROT13
7043 Why the heck Encode API is different?
7044 Compiled Encodings
7045 SEE ALSO
7046 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
7047 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
7049 SYNOPSIS
7051 ABSTRACT
7052 DESCRIPTION
7053 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
7054 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
7055 guess_encoding($data, [, list of suspects])
7056 CAVEATS
7058 TO DO
7059 SEE ALSO
7060 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
7062 SYNOPSIS
7064 ABSTRACT
7065 DESCRIPTION
7066 Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
7067 BUGS
7068 SEE ALSO
7069 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
7071 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
7073 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
7075 SYNOPSIS
7077 DESCRIPTION
7078 BUGS
7079 SEE ALSO
7080 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
7082 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
7084 SYNOPSIS
7086 ABSTRACT
7087 DESCRIPTION
7088 BUGS
7089 SEE ALSO
7090 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
7092 Overview
7094 How does it work?
7095 Line Buffering
7096 How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
7097 SEE ALSO
7098 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
7100 DESCRIPTION
7102 Encoding Names
7103 Supported Encodings
7104 Built-in Encodings
7105 Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
7106 Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
7107 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto
7108 Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
7109 CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
7111 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan,
7112 Encode::KR -- Korea, Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra --
7113 More Chinese via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings
7114 via CPAN
7115 Miscellaneous encodings
7117 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header,
7118 Encode::Guess
7119 Unsupported encodings
7121 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
7122 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
7123 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
7124 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
7125 Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
7127 Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
7128 Microsoft-related naming mess
7129 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
7130 Glossary
7132 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding
7133 scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2,
7134 Unicode, UTF, UTF-16
7135 See Also
7137 References
7138 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq "ISO-2022"), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by
7139 IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
7140 Other Notable Sites
7142 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
7143 "Introduction to i18n"
7144 Offline sources
7146 "CJKV Information Processing" by Ken Lunde
7147 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
7149 SYNOPSIS
7151 ABSTRACT
7152 DESCRIPTION
7153 SEE ALSO
7154 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
7156 SYNOPSIS
7158 DESCRIPTION
7159 NOTES
7160 BUGS
7161 SEE ALSO
7162 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
7164 SYNOPSIS
7166 ABSTRACT
7167 <http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
7168 Size, Endianness, and BOM
7170 by size
7171 by endianness
7172 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
7173 Surrogate Pairs
7175 Error Checking
7176 SEE ALSO
7177 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
7179 SYNOPSIS
7181 ABSTRACT
7182 In Practice
7183 SEE ALSO
7184 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encod‐
7186 ings
7187 SYNOPSIS
7189 DESCRIPTION
7190 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:,
7191 As a code reference, e.g.:
7192 Alias overloading
7194 SEE ALSO
7195 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm -- Inter‐
7197 nally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
7198 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
7200 Encode::CN
7201 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
7203 Encode
7204 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation
7206 Base Class
7207 SYNOPSIS
7209 DESCRIPTION
7210 Methods you should implement
7211 ->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check]),
7212 ->cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator
7213 [,$check])
7214 Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
7216 ->name, ->renew, ->renewed, ->perlio_ok(), ->needs_lines()
7217 Example: Encode::ROT13
7219 Why the heck Encode API is different?
7220 Compiled Encodings
7221 SEE ALSO
7222 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
7223 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
7225 SYNOPSIS
7227 ABSTRACT
7228 DESCRIPTION
7229 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
7230 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
7231 guess_encoding($data, [, list of suspects])
7232 CAVEATS
7234 TO DO
7235 SEE ALSO
7236 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
7238 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
7239 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by
7241 Encode::JP
7242 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
7244 used by Encode::KR
7245 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and
7247 'Q' header encoding
7248 SYNOPSIS
7250 ABSTRACT
7251 DESCRIPTION
7252 BUGS
7253 SEE ALSO
7254 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on
7256 Encode and PerlIO
7257 Overview
7259 How does it work?
7260 Line Buffering
7261 How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
7262 SEE ALSO
7263 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings sup‐
7265 ported by Encode
7266 DESCRIPTION
7268 Encoding Names
7269 Supported Encodings
7270 Built-in Encodings
7271 Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
7272 Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
7273 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto
7274 Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
7275 CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
7277 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan,
7278 Encode::KR -- Korea, Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra --
7279 More Chinese via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings
7280 via CPAN
7281 Miscellaneous encodings
7283 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header,
7284 Encode::Guess
7285 Unsupported encodings
7287 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
7288 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
7289 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
7290 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
7291 Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
7293 Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
7294 Microsoft-related naming mess
7295 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
7296 Glossary
7298 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding
7299 scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2,
7300 Unicode, UTF, UTF-16
7301 See Also
7303 References
7304 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq "ISO-2022"), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by
7305 IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
7306 Other Notable Sites
7308 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
7309 "Introduction to i18n"
7310 Offline sources
7312 "CJKV Information Processing" by Ken Lunde
7313 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
7315 encoding
7316 SYNOPSIS
7318 ABSTRACT
7319 In Practice
7320 SEE ALSO
7321 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
7323 SYNOPSIS
7325 ABSTRACT
7326 Description
7327 Predefined Methods
7328 $e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
7329 $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]),
7330 $e->bytes([$encoding])
7331 Example: base64 transcoder
7333 Operator Overloading
7334 SEE ALSO
7335 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii
7337 or non-utf8
7338 SYNOPSIS
7340 ABSTRACT
7341 Literal Conversions
7342 PerlIO layers for "STD(IN⎪OUT)"
7343 Implicit upgrading for byte strings
7344 FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
7345 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
7346 USAGE
7348 use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encoding ENCNAME [ STDIN => ENC‐
7349 NAME_IN ...] ;, use encoding ENCNAME Filter=>1;, no encoding;
7350 The Filter Option
7352 Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
7353 CAVEATS
7354 NOT SCOPED
7355 DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
7356 tr/// with ranges
7357 Legend of characters above
7358 EXAMPLE - Greekperl
7360 KNOWN PROBLEMS
7361 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
7362 The Logic of :locale
7364 HISTORY
7365 SEE ALSO
7366 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
7368 SYNOPSIS
7370 ABSTRACT
7371 Description
7372 Predefined Methods
7373 $e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
7374 $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]),
7375 $e->bytes([$encoding])
7376 Example: base64 transcoder
7378 Operator Overloading
7379 SEE ALSO
7380 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation vari‐
7382 ables
7383 SYNOPSIS
7385 DESCRIPTION
7386 PERFORMANCE
7387 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
7389 arrays
7390 SYNOPSIS
7392 DESCRIPTION
7393 LIMITATIONS
7394 AUTHOR
7395 Errno - System errno constants
7397 SYNOPSIS
7399 DESCRIPTION
7400 CAVEATS
7401 AUTHOR
7402 COPYRIGHT
7403 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
7405 SYNOPSIS
7407 DESCRIPTION
7408 How to Export
7409 Selecting What To Export
7410 How to Import
7411 "use ModuleName;", "use ModuleName ();", "use ModuleName
7412 qw(...);"
7413 Advanced features
7415 Specialised Import Lists
7416 Exporting without using Exporter's import method
7417 Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
7418 Module Version Checking
7419 Managing Unknown Symbols
7420 Tag Handling Utility Functions
7421 Generating combined tags
7422 "AUTOLOAD"ed Constants
7423 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
7425 SYNOPSIS
7427 DESCRIPTION
7428 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Make‐
7430 files etc.
7431 SYNOPSIS
7433 DESCRIPTION
7434 cat
7436 eqtime
7438 rm_rf
7440 rm_f
7442 touch
7444 mv
7446 cp
7448 chmod
7450 mkpath
7452 test_f
7454 dos2unix
7456 SEE ALSO
7458 AUTHOR
7459 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
7461 SYNOPSIS
7463 DESCRIPTION
7464 test_harness
7465 pod2man
7467 warn_if_old_packlist
7469 perllocal_install
7471 uninstall
7473 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
7475 SYNOPSIS
7477 DESCRIPTION
7478 USAGE
7479 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
7480 FUNCTIONS
7482 constant_types
7484 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
7486 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
7488 WriteMakefileSnippet
7490 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE => VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, BREAK‐
7492 OUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
7493 AUTHOR
7495 ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
7497 SYNOPSIS
7499 DESCRIPTION
7500 USAGE
7501 header
7503 memEQ_clause args_hashref
7505 dump_names arg_hashref, ITEM..
7507 assign arg_hashref, VALUE..
7509 return_clause arg_hashref, ITEM
7511 switch_clause arg_hashref, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
7513 params WHAT
7515 dogfood arg_hashref, ITEM..
7517 C_constant arg_hashref, ITEM.., name, type, value, macro, default, pre,
7519 post, def_pre, def_post, utf8, weight
7520 BUGS
7522 AUTHOR
7523 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils - helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
7525 SYNOPSIS
7527 DESCRIPTION
7528 USAGE
7529 C_stringify NAME
7530 perl_stringify NAME
7532 AUTHOR
7534 ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for ExtU‐
7536 tils::Constant objects
7537 SYNOPSIS
7539 DESCRIPTION
7540 BUGS
7541 AUTHOR
7542 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
7544 SYNOPSIS
7546 DESCRIPTION
7547 @EXPORT
7548 FUNCTIONS
7549 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(),
7550 ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules),
7551 xsi_body(@modules)
7552 EXAMPLES
7554 SEE ALSO
7555 AUTHOR
7556 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
7558 SYNOPSIS
7560 DESCRIPTION
7561 Functions
7562 install
7563 install_default DISCOURAGED
7565 uninstall
7567 pm_to_blib
7569 _autosplit
7571 ENVIRONMENT
7573 PERL_INSTALL_ROOT
7574 AUTHOR
7576 LICENSE
7577 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
7579 SYNOPSIS
7581 DESCRIPTION
7582 USAGE
7583 FUNCTIONS
7584 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), vali‐
7585 date(), packlist(), version()
7586 EXAMPLE
7588 AUTHOR
7589 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
7591 SYNOPSIS
7593 DESCRIPTION
7594 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time,
7595 For dynamic extensions at load time
7596 EXTRALIBS
7598 LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
7599 BSLOADLIBS
7600 PORTABILITY
7601 VMS implementation
7602 Win32 implementation
7603 SEE ALSO
7604 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
7606 SYNOPSIS
7608 DESCRIPTION
7609 ExtUtils::MM_AIX - AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
7611 SYNOPSIS
7613 DESCRIPTION
7614 Overridden methods
7615 AUTHOR
7616 SEE ALSO
7617 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
7619 SYNOPSIS
7621 DESCRIPTION
7622 METHODS
7623 Cross-platform helper methods
7624 Targets
7625 Init methods
7626 Tools
7627 File::Spec wrappers
7628 Misc
7629 AUTHOR
7630 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtU‐
7632 tils::MakeMaker
7633 SYNOPSIS
7635 DESCRIPTION
7636 os_flavor
7638 init_linker
7640 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtU‐
7642 tils::MakeMaker
7643 SYNOPSIS
7645 DESCRIPTION
7646 os_flavor
7647 cflags
7649 replace_manpage_separator
7651 init_linker
7653 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
7655 SYNOPSIS
7657 DESCRIPTION
7658 Overridden methods
7659 os_flavor
7660 replace_manpage_separator
7662 AUTHOR
7664 SEE ALSO
7665 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
7667 SYNOPSIS
7669 DESCRIPTION
7670 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtU‐
7672 tils::MakeMaker
7673 SYNOPSIS
7675 DESCRIPTION
7676 os_flavor
7678 init_platform, platform_constants
7680 const_cccmd
7682 static_lib
7684 dynamic_lib
7686 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtU‐
7688 tils::MakeMaker
7689 SYNOPSIS
7691 DESCRIPTION
7692 METHODS
7693 init_dist
7694 init_linker
7696 os_flavor
7698 ExtUtils::MM_QNX - QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
7700 SYNOPSIS
7702 DESCRIPTION
7703 Overridden methods
7704 AUTHOR
7705 SEE ALSO
7706 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
7708 SYNOPSIS
7710 DESCRIPTION
7711 Overridden methods
7712 os_flavor
7713 replace_manpage_separator
7715 AUTHOR
7717 SEE ALSO
7718 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
7720 SYNOPSIS
7722 DESCRIPTION
7723 METHODS
7724 Methods
7725 os_flavor
7726 c_o (o)
7728 cflags (o)
7730 const_cccmd (o)
7732 const_config (o)
7734 const_loadlibs (o)
7736 constants (o)
7738 depend (o)
7740 init_DEST
7742 init_dist
7744 dist (o)
7746 dist_basics (o)
7748 dist_ci (o)
7750 dist_core (o)
7752 dist_target
7754 tardist_target
7756 zipdist_target
7758 tarfile_target
7760 zipfile_target
7762 uutardist_target
7764 shdist_target
7766 dlsyms (o)
7768 dynamic_bs (o)
7770 dynamic_lib (o)
7772 exescan
7774 extliblist
7776 find_perl
7778 fixin
7780 force (o)
7782 guess_name
7784 has_link_code
7786 init_dirscan
7788 init_DIRFILESEP
7790 init_main
7792 init_others
7794 init_linker
7796 init_lib2arch
7798 init_PERL
7800 init_platform, platform_constants
7802 init_PERM
7804 init_xs
7806 install (o)
7808 installbin (o)
7810 linkext (o)
7812 lsdir
7814 macro (o)
7816 makeaperl (o)
7818 makefile (o)
7820 maybe_command
7822 needs_linking (o)
7824 nicetext
7826 parse_abstract
7828 parse_version
7830 pasthru (o)
7832 perl_script
7834 perldepend (o)
7836 perm_rw (o)
7838 perm_rwx (o)
7840 pm_to_blib
7842 post_constants (o)
7844 post_initialize (o)
7846 postamble (o)
7848 ppd
7850 prefixify
7852 processPL (o)
7854 quote_paren
7856 replace_manpage_separator
7858 cd
7860 oneliner
7862 quote_literal
7864 escape_newlines
7866 max_exec_len
7868 static (o)
7870 static_lib (o)
7872 staticmake (o)
7874 subdir_x (o)
7876 subdirs (o)
7878 test (o)
7880 test_via_harness (override)
7882 test_via_script (override)
7884 tools_other (o)
7886 tool_xsubpp (o)
7888 all_target
7890 top_targets (o)
7892 writedoc
7894 xs_c (o)
7896 xs_cpp (o)
7898 xs_o (o)
7900 SEE ALSO
7902 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtU‐
7904 tils::MakeMaker
7905 SYNOPSIS
7907 DESCRIPTION
7908 Methods always loaded
7909 wraplist
7910 Methods
7912 guess_name (override)
7913 find_perl (override)
7915 maybe_command (override)
7917 pasthru (override)
7919 pm_to_blib (override)
7921 perl_script (override)
7923 replace_manpage_separator
7925 init_DEST
7927 init_DIRFILESEP
7929 init_main (override)
7931 init_others (override)
7933 init_platform (override)
7935 platform_constants
7937 init_VERSION (override)
7939 constants (override)
7941 special_targets
7943 cflags (override)
7945 const_cccmd (override)
7947 tools_other (override)
7949 init_dist (override)
7951 c_o (override)
7953 xs_c (override)
7955 xs_o (override)
7957 dlsyms (override)
7959 dynamic_lib (override)
7961 static_lib (override)
7963 extra_clean_files
7965 zipfile_target, tarfile_target, shdist_target
7967 install (override)
7969 perldepend (override)
7971 makeaperl (override)
7973 nicetext (override)
7975 prefixify (override)
7977 cd
7979 oneliner
7981 echo
7983 quote_literal
7985 escape_newlines
7987 max_exec_len
7989 init_linker
7991 eliminate_macros
7993 fixpath
7995 os_flavor
7997 AUTHOR
7999 ExtUtils::MM_VOS - VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
8001 SYNOPSIS
8003 DESCRIPTION
8004 Overridden methods
8005 AUTHOR
8006 SEE ALSO
8007 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtU‐
8009 tils::MakeMaker
8010 SYNOPSIS
8012 DESCRIPTION
8013 Overridden methods
8014 dlsyms
8015 replace_manpage_separator
8017 maybe_command
8019 init_DIRFILESEP
8021 init_others
8023 init_platform, platform_constants
8025 special_targets
8027 static_lib
8029 dynamic_lib
8031 extra_clean_files
8033 init_linker
8035 perl_script
8037 xs_o
8039 pasthru
8041 oneliner
8043 cd
8045 max_exec_len
8047 os_flavor
8049 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
8051 SYNOPSIS
8053 DESCRIPTION
8054 Overriden methods
8055 xs_c
8056 xs_cpp
8058 xs_o
8060 max_exec_len
8062 os_flavor
8064 AUTHOR
8066 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
8068 SYNOPSIS
8070 DESCRIPTION
8071 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
8073 SYNOPSIS
8075 DESCRIPTION
8076 How To Write A Makefile.PL
8077 Default Makefile Behaviour
8078 make test
8079 make testdb
8080 make install
8081 PREFIX and LIB attribute
8082 AFS users
8083 Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
8084 Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
8085 Which architecture dependent directory?
8086 Using Attributes and Parameters
8087 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS,
8088 CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME,
8089 DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE,
8090 FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS,
8091 INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS,
8092 INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
8093 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITE‐
8094 MAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVEN‐
8095 DORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDOR‐
8096 MAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
8097 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB,
8098 LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS,
8099 MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO,
8100 NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
8101 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX,
8102 PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES,
8103 PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
8104 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PRE‐
8105 REQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VEN‐
8106 DORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS,
8107 XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
8108 Additional lowercase attributes
8110 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble,
8111 realclean, test, tool_autosplit
8112 Overriding MakeMaker Methods
8114 The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
8115 "MAN3PODS => ' '"
8116 Hintsfile support
8118 Distribution Support
8119 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
8120 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
8121 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
8122 Module Meta-Data
8124 Disabling an extension
8125 Other Handy Functions
8126 prompt
8127 ENVIRONMENT
8129 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT, PERL_CORE
8130 SEE ALSO
8132 AUTHORS
8133 LICENSE
8134 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config - Wrapper around Config.pm
8136 SYNOPSIS
8138 DESCRIPTION
8139 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
8141 DESCRIPTION
8143 Module Installation
8144 How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module
8145 without installing it?
8146 Philosophy and History
8148 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What
8149 is Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure
8150 perl. no make, no shell commands, easier to customize,
8151 cleaner internals, less cruft
8152 Module Writing
8154 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manu‐
8155 ally?, What's this META.yml thing and how did it get in my MAN‐
8156 IFEST?!
8157 XS How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap
8159 parameter Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files
8160 coexist in the same directory?
8161 PATCHING
8163 AUTHOR
8164 SEE ALSO
8165 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
8167 SYNOPSIS
8169 DESCRIPTION
8170 The Mantra
8171 The Layout
8172 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MAN‐
8173 IFEST.SKIP, bin/
8174 SEE ALSO
8176 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
8178 SYNOPSIS
8180 DESCRIPTION
8181 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
8183 SYNOPSIS
8185 DESCRIPTION
8186 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
8188 SYNOPSIS
8190 DESCRIPTION
8191 Functions
8192 mkmanifest
8193 manifind
8195 manicheck
8197 filecheck
8199 fullcheck
8201 skipcheck
8203 maniread
8205 manicopy
8207 maniadd
8209 MANIFEST
8211 MANIFEST.SKIP
8212 EXPORT_OK
8213 GLOBAL VARIABLES
8214 DIAGNOSTICS
8215 "Not in MANIFEST:" file, "Skipping" file, "No such file:" file,
8216 "MANIFEST:" $!, "Added to MANIFEST:" file
8217 ENVIRONMENT
8219 PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG
8220 SEE ALSO
8222 AUTHOR
8223 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
8225 SYNOPSIS
8227 DESCRIPTION
8228 SEE ALSO
8229 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
8231 SYNOPSIS
8233 DESCRIPTION
8234 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension
8236 SYNOPSIS
8238 DESCRIPTION
8239 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
8240 AUTHOR
8242 REVISION
8243 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
8245 SYNOPSIS
8247 DESCRIPTION
8248 USAGE
8249 FUNCTIONS
8250 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
8251 EXAMPLE
8253 AUTHOR
8254 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
8256 SYNOPSIS
8258 DESCRIPTION
8259 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
8261 SYNOPSIS
8263 DESCRIPTION
8264 AUTHOR
8265 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
8267 SYNOPSIS
8269 DESCRIPTION
8270 NOTE
8271 EXPORTED SYMBOLS
8272 File::Basename - Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
8274 SYNOPSIS
8276 DESCRIPTION
8277 "fileparse"
8279 "basename"
8281 "dirname"
8283 "fileparse_set_fstype"
8285 SEE ALSO
8287 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
8289 SYNOPSIS
8291 DESCRIPTION
8292 AUTHOR
8293 HISTORY
8294 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
8296 SYNOPSIS
8298 DESCRIPTION
8299 RETURN
8300 AUTHOR
8301 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
8303 SYNOPSIS
8305 DESCRIPTION
8306 Special behaviour if "syscopy" is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
8307 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
8308 RETURN
8310 NOTES
8311 AUTHOR
8312 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
8314 SYNOPSIS
8316 DESCRIPTION
8317 NOTES
8318 EXPORTS (by request only)
8319 BUGS
8320 AUTHOR
8321 HISTORY
8322 SEE ALSO
8323 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
8325 SYNOPSIS
8327 DESCRIPTION
8328 find, finddepth
8329 %options
8331 "wanted", "bydepth", "preprocess", "postprocess", "follow",
8332 "follow_fast", "follow_skip", "dangling_symlinks", "no_chdir",
8333 "untaint", "untaint_pattern", "untaint_skip"
8334 The wanted function
8336 $File::Find::dir is the current directory name,, $_ is the cur‐
8337 rent filename within that directory, $File::Find::name is the
8338 complete pathname to the file
8339 WARNINGS
8341 CAVEAT
8342 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
8343 NOTES
8345 BUGS AND CAVEATS
8346 HISTORY
8347 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
8349 SYNOPSIS
8351 DESCRIPTION
8352 META CHARACTERS
8353 POSIX FLAGS
8354 "GLOB_ERR", "GLOB_LIMIT", "GLOB_MARK", "GLOB_NOCASE",
8355 "GLOB_NOCHECK", "GLOB_NOSORT", "GLOB_BRACE", "GLOB_NOMAGIC",
8356 "GLOB_QUOTE", "GLOB_TILDE", "GLOB_CSH", "GLOB_ALPHASORT"
8357 DIAGNOSTICS
8359 "GLOB_NOSPACE", "GLOB_ABEND"
8360 NOTES
8362 SEE ALSO
8363 AUTHOR
8364 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
8366 SYNOPSIS
8368 DESCRIPTION
8369 DIAGNOSTICS
8370 AUTHORS
8371 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
8373 SYNOPSIS
8375 DESCRIPTION
8376 METHODS
8377 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir,
8378 updir, no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path,
8379 join, splitpath, splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
8380 SEE ALSO
8382 AUTHOR
8383 COPYRIGHT
8384 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
8386 SYNOPSIS
8388 DESCRIPTION
8389 canonpath
8391 file_name_is_absolute
8393 tmpdir (override)
8395 COPYRIGHT
8397 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
8399 SYNOPSIS
8401 DESCRIPTION
8402 canonpath()
8404 AUTHOR
8406 COPYRIGHT
8407 SEE ALSO
8408 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
8410 SYNOPSIS
8412 DESCRIPTION
8413 Exports
8414 COPYRIGHT
8415 SEE ALSO
8416 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
8418 SYNOPSIS
8420 DESCRIPTION
8421 METHODS
8422 canonpath
8423 catdir()
8425 catfile
8427 curdir
8429 devnull
8431 rootdir
8433 tmpdir
8435 updir
8437 file_name_is_absolute
8439 path
8441 splitpath
8443 splitdir
8445 catpath
8447 abs2rel
8449 rel2abs
8451 AUTHORS
8453 COPYRIGHT
8454 SEE ALSO
8455 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
8457 SYNOPSIS
8459 DESCRIPTION
8460 tmpdir, splitpath
8461 COPYRIGHT
8463 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec mod‐
8465 ules
8466 SYNOPSIS
8468 DESCRIPTION
8469 METHODS
8470 canonpath()
8471 catdir()
8473 catfile
8475 curdir
8477 devnull
8479 rootdir
8481 tmpdir
8483 updir
8485 no_upwards
8487 case_tolerant
8489 file_name_is_absolute
8491 path
8493 join
8495 splitpath
8497 splitdir
8499 catpath()
8501 abs2rel
8503 rel2abs()
8505 COPYRIGHT
8507 SEE ALSO
8508 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
8510 SYNOPSIS
8512 DESCRIPTION
8513 canonpath (override)
8514 catdir (override)
8516 catfile (override)
8518 curdir (override)
8520 devnull (override)
8522 rootdir (override)
8524 tmpdir (override)
8526 updir (override)
8528 case_tolerant (override)
8530 path (override)
8532 file_name_is_absolute (override)
8534 splitpath (override)
8536 splitdir (override)
8538 catpath (override)
8540 abs2rel (override)
8542 rel2abs (override)
8544 COPYRIGHT
8546 SEE ALSO
8547 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
8549 SYNOPSIS
8551 DESCRIPTION
8552 devnull
8553 tmpdir
8555 catfile
8557 canonpath
8559 splitpath
8561 splitdir
8563 catpath
8565 Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
8567 COPYRIGHT
8568 SEE ALSO
8569 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
8571 PORTABILITY
8573 SYNOPSIS
8574 DESCRIPTION
8575 OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8576 new
8577 filename
8579 unlink_on_destroy
8581 DESTROY
8583 FUNCTIONS
8585 tempfile
8586 tempdir
8588 MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
8590 mkstemp
8591 mkstemps
8593 mkdtemp
8595 mktemp
8597 POSIX FUNCTIONS
8599 tmpnam
8600 tmpfile
8602 ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
8604 tempnam
8605 UTILITY FUNCTIONS
8607 unlink0
8608 cmpstat
8610 unlink1
8612 cleanup
8614 PACKAGE VARIABLES
8616 safe_level, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
8617 TopSystemUID
8619 $KEEP_ALL, $DEBUG
8621 WARNING
8623 Temporary files and NFS
8624 Forking
8625 BINMODE
8626 HISTORY
8627 SEE ALSO
8628 AUTHOR
8629 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
8631 SYNOPSIS
8633 DESCRIPTION
8634 BUGS
8635 NOTE
8636 AUTHOR
8637 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
8639 SYNOPSIS
8641 DESCRIPTION
8642 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
8643 CAVEATS
8645 BUGS
8646 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
8648 SYNOPSIS
8650 DESCRIPTION
8651 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
8652 SEE ALSO
8654 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
8656 SYNOPSIS
8658 DESCRIPTION
8659 The Problem
8660 A Solution
8661 Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
8662 All-in-one interface
8663 Filtering only specific components of source code
8664 "code", "code_no_comments", "executable", "executable_no_com‐
8665 ments", "quotelike", "string", "regex", "all"
8666 Filtering only the code parts of source code
8668 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is
8669 broken up into the pieces between string literals and regexes.
8670 So the 'code' and 'code_no_comments' component filter behave
8671 slightly differently from the other partial filters described
8672 in the previous section.
8673 Using Filter::Simple with an explicit "import" subroutine
8675 Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
8676 How it works
8677 AUTHOR
8678 COPYRIGHT
8679 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
8681 SYNOPSIS
8683 DESCRIPTION
8684 use Filter::Util::Call
8685 import()
8686 filter() and anonymous sub
8687 $_, $status, filter_read and filter_read_exact, filter_del
8688 EXAMPLES
8690 Example 1: A simple filter.
8691 Example 2: Using the context
8692 Example 3: Using the context within the filter
8693 Example 4: Using filter_del
8694 Filter::Simple
8695 AUTHOR
8696 DATE
8697 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
8699 SYNOPSIS
8701 DESCRIPTION
8702 EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
8703 KNOWN ISSUES
8704 KNOWN BUGS
8705 AUTHORS
8706 COPYRIGHT
8707 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
8709 SYNOPSIS
8711 DESCRIPTION
8712 AVAILABILITY
8713 BUGS
8714 SEE ALSO
8715 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
8717 SYNOPSIS
8719 DESCRIPTION
8720 Command Line Options, an Introduction
8721 Getting Started with Getopt::Long
8722 Simple options
8723 A little bit less simple options
8724 Mixing command line option with other arguments
8725 Options with values
8726 Options with multiple values
8727 Options with hash values
8728 User-defined subroutines to handle options
8729 Options with multiple names
8730 Case and abbreviations
8731 Summary of Option Specifications
8732 !, +, s, i, o, f, : type [ desttype ], : number [ desttype ], :
8733 + [ desttype ]
8734 Advanced Possibilities
8736 Object oriented interface
8737 Thread Safety
8738 Documentation and help texts
8739 Storing option values in a hash
8740 Bundling
8741 The lonesome dash
8742 Argument callback
8743 Configuring Getopt::Long
8744 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat,
8745 gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled),
8746 bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default:
8747 enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled), auto_version
8748 (default:disabled), auto_help (default:disabled), pass_through
8749 (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, long_prefix_pattern,
8750 debug (default: disabled)
8751 Exportable Methods
8753 VersionMessage, "-message", "-msg", "-exitval", "-output", HelpMes‐
8754 sage
8755 Return values and Errors
8757 Legacy
8758 Default destinations
8759 Alternative option starters
8760 Configuration variables
8761 Trouble Shooting
8762 GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
8763 supplied
8764 GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
8765 Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
8766 How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
8767 AUTHOR
8768 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
8769 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches with
8771 switch clustering
8772 SYNOPSIS
8774 DESCRIPTION
8775 "--help" and "--version"
8776 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
8778 SYNOPSIS
8780 DESCRIPTION
8781 Restricted hashes
8782 lock_keys, unlock_keys
8783 lock_value, unlock_value
8785 lock_hash, unlock_hash
8787 hash_seed
8789 CAVEATS
8791 AUTHOR
8792 SEE ALSO
8793 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
8795 locale
8796 SYNOPSIS
8798 DESCRIPTION
8799 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
8801 SYNOPSIS
8803 DESCRIPTION
8804 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
8806 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
8808 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
8810 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
8812 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
8814 the function super_languages($lang1)
8816 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
8818 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
8820 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
8822 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
8824 the function implicate_supers( ...languages... ), the function impli‐
8826 cate_supers_strictly( ...languages... )
8827 ABOUT LOWERCASING
8829 ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
8830 SEE ALSO
8831 COPYRIGHT
8832 AUTHOR
8833 I18N::LangTags::Detect - detect the user's language preferences
8835 SYNOPSIS
8837 DESCRIPTION
8838 FUNCTIONS
8839 ENVIRONMENT
8840 SEE ALSO
8841 COPYRIGHT
8842 AUTHOR
8843 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
8845 SYNOPSIS
8847 DESCRIPTION
8848 ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
8849 LIST OF LANGUAGES
8850 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme,
8851 {ady} : Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans,
8852 [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq}
8853 : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} :
8854 Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache
8855 languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn}
8856 : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese,
8857 [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} : Asturian, {as} : Assamese,
8858 [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} : Australian languages],
8859 [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae} : Avestan,
8860 {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} : Bali‐
8861 nese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara,
8862 [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
8863 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} :
8864 Batak (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba,
8865 {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} :
8866 Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} :
8867 Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bul‐
8868 garian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} :
8869 Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)],
8870 {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central Ameri‐
8871 can Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
8872 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} :
8873 Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
8874 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church
8875 Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} :
8876 Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : Eng‐
8877 lish-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Cre‐
8878 oles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and
8879 pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
8880 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota,
8881 {da} : Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
8882 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} :
8883 Divehi, {doi} : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)],
8884 {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350),
8885 {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyp‐
8886 tian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} : English, {enm} : Old
8887 English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100),
8888 {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
8889 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} :
8890 Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish,
8891 [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} :
8892 Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400),
8893 {fy} : Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} :
8894 Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan, {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} :
8895 Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle
8896 High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050),
8897 [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi,
8898 {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
8899 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi}
8900 : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} :
8901 Hawaiian, {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} :
8902 Himachali, {hi} : Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} :
8903 Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian, {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Ice‐
8904 landic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc}
8905 : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)], {id} : Indone‐
8906 sian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary
8907 Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} :
8908 Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle
8909 Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
8910 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb}
8911 : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} :
8912 Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} :
8913 Kamba, {kn} : Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar,
8914 {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashu‐
8915 bian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer,
8916 [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb}
8917 : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klin‐
8918 gon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean,
8919 {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
8920 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai,
8921 {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} :
8922 Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li}
8923 : Limburgish, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low Ger‐
8924 man, {art-lojban} : Lojban (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} :
8925 Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda,
8926 {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedo‐
8927 nian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} :
8928 Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
8929 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
8930 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori,
8931 {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari,
8932 {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} :
8933 Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscella‐
8934 neous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian,
8935 [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos}
8936 : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages],
8937 {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan, {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo,
8938 {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} :
8939 Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian
8940 (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean, {nog} :
8941 Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
8942 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk,
8943 [{nub} : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole,
8944 {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} :
8945 Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian;
8946 Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} :
8947 Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} : Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} :
8948 Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} : Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan
8949 (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.),
8950 [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon} : Pohn‐
8951 peian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit lan‐
8952 guages], {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} :
8953 Quechua, {rm} : Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui,
8954 {rar} : Rarotongan, [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa}
8955 : Romance (Other)], {ro} : Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi,
8956 {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan languages], {sam} : Samaritan
8957 Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} : Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari
8958 Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami, [{smi} : Sami lan‐
8959 guages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa}
8960 : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco}
8961 : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
8962 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo,
8963 {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} :
8964 Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan lan‐
8965 guages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk}
8966 : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
8967 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : North‐
8968 ern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian
8969 (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} :
8970 Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} :
8971 Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
8972 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao}
8973 : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} :
8974 Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre,
8975 {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi}
8976 : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
8977 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou,
8978 {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} : Tupi languages], {tr} :
8979 Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh} : Crimean Turk‐
8980 ish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
8981 {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
8982 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek,
8983 {vai} : Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot}
8984 : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} :
8985 Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
8986 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} :
8987 Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} : Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yid‐
8988 dish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd} : Zande,
8989 [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
8990 {zun} : Zuni
8991 SEE ALSO
8993 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
8994 AUTHOR
8995 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
8997 SYNOPSIS
8999 DESCRIPTION
9000 EXPORT
9001 SEE ALSO
9002 AUTHOR
9003 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9004 IO - load various IO modules
9006 SYNOPSIS
9008 DESCRIPTION
9009 DEPRECATED
9010 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
9012 SYNOPSIS
9014 DESCRIPTION
9015 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell
9016 (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
9017 SEE ALSO
9019 AUTHOR
9020 COPYRIGHT
9021 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
9023 SYNOPSIS
9025 DESCRIPTION
9026 CONSTRUCTOR
9027 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
9028 METHODS
9030 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), bin‐
9031 mode( [LAYER] )
9032 NOTE
9034 SEE ALSO
9035 HISTORY
9036 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
9038 SYNOPSIS
9040 DESCRIPTION
9041 CONSTRUCTOR
9042 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
9043 METHODS
9045 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
9046 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ),
9047 $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush (
9048 ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
9049 NOTE
9051 SEE ALSO
9052 BUGS
9053 HISTORY
9054 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
9056 SYNOPSIS
9058 DESCRIPTION
9059 CONSTRUCTOR
9060 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
9061 METHODS
9063 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
9064 SEE ALSO
9066 AUTHOR
9067 COPYRIGHT
9068 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
9070 SYNOPSIS
9072 DESCRIPTION
9073 METHODS
9074 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ),
9075 remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
9076 SEE ALSO
9078 AUTHOR
9079 COPYRIGHT
9080 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
9082 SYNOPSIS
9084 DESCRIPTION
9085 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0
9086 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek(
9087 POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell
9088 SEE ALSO
9090 HISTORY
9091 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
9093 SYNOPSIS
9095 DESCRIPTION
9096 CONSTRUCTOR
9097 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
9098 METHODS
9100 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles,
9101 can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception
9102 ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION
9103 [, TIMEOUT ] )
9104 EXAMPLE
9106 AUTHOR
9107 COPYRIGHT
9108 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
9110 SYNOPSIS
9112 DESCRIPTION
9113 CONSTRUCTOR
9114 new ( [ARGS] )
9115 METHODS
9117 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, con‐
9118 nected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, time‐
9119 out([VAL])
9120 SEE ALSO
9122 AUTHOR
9123 COPYRIGHT
9124 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
9126 SYNOPSIS
9128 DESCRIPTION
9129 CONSTRUCTOR
9130 new ( [ARGS] )
9131 METHODS
9133 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport
9134 (), peerhost ()
9135 SEE ALSO
9137 AUTHOR
9138 COPYRIGHT
9139 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
9141 SYNOPSIS
9143 DESCRIPTION
9144 CONSTRUCTOR
9145 new ( [ARGS] )
9146 METHODS
9148 hostpath(), peerpath()
9149 SEE ALSO
9151 AUTHOR
9152 COPYRIGHT
9153 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
9155 SYNOPSIS
9157 DESCRIPTION
9158 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell
9159 (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
9160 SEE ALSO
9162 AUTHOR
9163 COPYRIGHT
9164 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
9166 SYNOPSIS
9168 DESCRIPTION
9169 CONSTRUCTOR
9170 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
9171 METHODS
9173 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), bin‐
9174 mode( [LAYER] )
9175 NOTE
9177 SEE ALSO
9178 HISTORY
9179 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
9181 SYNOPSIS
9183 DESCRIPTION
9184 CONSTRUCTOR
9185 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
9186 METHODS
9188 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
9189 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ),
9190 $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush (
9191 ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
9192 NOTE
9194 SEE ALSO
9195 BUGS
9196 HISTORY
9197 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
9199 SYNOPSIS
9201 DESCRIPTION
9202 CONSTRUCTOR
9203 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
9204 METHODS
9206 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
9207 SEE ALSO
9209 AUTHOR
9210 COPYRIGHT
9211 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
9213 SYNOPSIS
9215 DESCRIPTION
9216 METHODS
9217 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ),
9218 remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
9219 SEE ALSO
9221 AUTHOR
9222 COPYRIGHT
9223 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O
9225 objects
9226 SYNOPSIS
9228 DESCRIPTION
9229 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0
9230 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek(
9231 POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell
9232 SEE ALSO
9234 HISTORY
9235 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
9237 call
9238 SYNOPSIS
9240 DESCRIPTION
9241 CONSTRUCTOR
9242 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
9243 METHODS
9245 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles,
9246 can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception
9247 ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION
9248 [, TIMEOUT ] )
9249 EXAMPLE
9251 AUTHOR
9252 COPYRIGHT
9253 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communica‐
9255 tions
9256 SYNOPSIS
9258 DESCRIPTION
9259 CONSTRUCTOR
9260 new ( [ARGS] )
9261 METHODS
9263 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, con‐
9264 nected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, time‐
9265 out([VAL])
9266 SEE ALSO
9268 AUTHOR
9269 COPYRIGHT
9270 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
9272 AF_INET domain sockets
9273 SYNOPSIS
9275 DESCRIPTION
9276 CONSTRUCTOR
9277 new ( [ARGS] )
9278 METHODS
9280 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport
9281 (), peerhost ()
9282 SEE ALSO
9284 AUTHOR
9285 COPYRIGHT
9286 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
9288 AF_UNIX domain sockets
9289 SYNOPSIS
9291 DESCRIPTION
9292 CONSTRUCTOR
9293 new ( [ARGS] )
9294 METHODS
9296 hostpath(), peerpath()
9297 SEE ALSO
9299 AUTHOR
9300 COPYRIGHT
9301 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
9303 SYNOPSIS
9305 DESCRIPTION
9306 METHODS
9307 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ),
9308 remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ),
9309 snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat
9310 SEE ALSO
9312 AUTHOR
9313 COPYRIGHT
9314 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
9316 SYNOPSIS
9318 DESCRIPTION
9319 WARNING
9320 SEE ALSO
9321 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error han‐
9323 dling
9324 SYNOPSIS
9326 DESCRIPTION
9327 WARNING
9328 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
9330 SYNOPSIS
9332 DESCRIPTION
9333 METHODS
9334 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM
9335 ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set
9336 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall (
9337 VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat
9338 SEE ALSO
9340 AUTHOR
9341 COPYRIGHT
9342 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
9344 SYNOPSIS
9346 DESCRIPTION
9347 ftok( PATH, ID )
9348 SEE ALSO
9350 AUTHORS
9351 COPYRIGHT
9352 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
9354 SYNOPSIS
9356 DESCRIPTION
9357 METHODS
9358 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ),
9359 remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ),
9360 snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat
9361 SEE ALSO
9363 AUTHOR
9364 COPYRIGHT
9365 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
9367 SYNOPSIS
9369 DESCRIPTION
9370 METHODS
9371 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM
9372 ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set
9373 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall (
9374 VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat
9375 SEE ALSO
9377 AUTHOR
9378 COPYRIGHT
9379 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
9381 SYNOPSIS
9383 DESCRIPTION
9384 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST,
9385 reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
9386 KNOWN BUGS
9388 SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
9389 COPYRIGHT
9390 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of general-utility
9392 list subroutines
9393 SYNOPSIS
9395 DESCRIPTION
9396 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST,
9397 reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
9398 KNOWN BUGS
9400 SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
9401 COPYRIGHT
9402 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of general-util‐
9404 ity scalar subroutines
9405 SYNOPSIS
9407 DESCRIPTION
9408 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
9409 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
9410 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
9411 KNOWN BUGS
9413 COPYRIGHT
9414 BLATANT PLUG
9415 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
9417 SYNOPSIS
9419 DESCRIPTION
9420 KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
9421 SEE ALSO
9422 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
9423 AUTHOR
9425 COPYRIGHT
9426 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
9428 SYNOPSIS
9430 DESCRIPTION
9431 alpha-2, alpha-3, numeric
9432 CONVERSION ROUTINES
9434 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET
9435 ] ), country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
9436 QUERY ROUTINES
9438 "all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )", "all_country_names( [ CODESET ]
9439 )"
9440 SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
9442 alias_code
9443 rename_country
9444 EXAMPLES
9445 DOMAIN NAMES
9446 KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
9447 SEE ALSO
9448 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::Sub‐
9449 Country, ISO 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-ser‐
9450 vices/iso3166ma/index.html, http://www.egt.ie/stan‐
9451 dards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html, http://www.cia.gov/cia/publica‐
9452 tions/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
9453 AUTHOR
9455 COPYRIGHT
9456 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency identification
9458 (ISO 4217)
9459 SYNOPSIS
9461 DESCRIPTION
9462 XTS, XXX
9463 CONVERSION ROUTINES
9465 code2currency(), currency2code()
9466 QUERY ROUTINES
9468 "all_currency_codes()", "all_currency_names()"
9469 EXAMPLES
9471 KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
9472 SEE ALSO
9473 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
9474 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
9475 AUTHOR
9477 COPYRIGHT
9478 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
9480 (ISO 639)
9481 SYNOPSIS
9483 DESCRIPTION
9484 CONVERSION ROUTINES
9485 code2language(), language2code()
9486 QUERY ROUTINES
9488 "all_language_codes()", "all_language_names()"
9489 EXAMPLES
9491 KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
9492 SEE ALSO
9493 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988
9494 (E/F), http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
9495 AUTHOR
9497 COPYRIGHT
9498 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
9500 SYNOPSIS
9502 DESCRIPTION
9503 QUICK OVERVIEW
9504 METHODS
9505 Construction Methods
9506 The "maketext" Method
9507 $lh->fail_with or $lh->fail_with(PARAM), $lh->failure_han‐
9508 dler_auto
9509 Utility Methods
9511 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number,
9512 $singular, $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plu‐
9513 ral, $negative), $language->numf($number), $lan‐
9514 guage->sprintf($format, @items), $language->language_tag(),
9515 $language->encoding()
9516 Language Handle Attributes and Internals
9518 LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
9519 ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
9520 BRACKET NOTATION
9521 AUTO LEXICONS
9522 CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
9523 HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
9524 SEE ALSO
9525 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
9526 AUTHOR
9527 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
9529 SYNOPSIS
9531 DESCRIPTION
9532 Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
9533 A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
9534 The Linguistic View
9535 Breaking gettext
9536 Replacing gettext
9537 Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
9538 Buzzword: Isomorphism
9539 Buzzword: Inheritance
9540 Buzzword: Concision
9541 The Devil in the Details
9542 The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
9543 References
9544 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
9546 SYNOPSIS
9548 DESCRIPTION
9549 alpha-2, alpha-3, numeric
9550 SPECIAL CODES
9552 CONVERSION ROUTINES
9553 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ]
9554 ), script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
9555 QUERY ROUTINES
9557 "all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )", "all_script_names ( [ CODESET ]
9558 )"
9559 EXAMPLES
9561 KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
9562 SEE ALSO
9563 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
9564 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
9565 AUTHOR
9567 COPYRIGHT
9568 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
9570 SYNOPSIS
9572 DESCRIPTION
9573 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);,
9574 decode_base64($str)
9575 DIAGNOSTICS
9577 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data,
9578 Wide character in subroutine entry
9579 EXAMPLES
9581 COPYRIGHT
9582 SEE ALSO
9583 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of
9585 quoted-printable strings
9586 SYNOPSIS
9588 DESCRIPTION
9589 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $bin‐
9590 mode), decode_qp($str);
9591 COPYRIGHT
9593 SEE ALSO
9594 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
9596 SYNOPSIS
9598 DESCRIPTION
9599 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $bin‐
9600 mode), decode_qp($str);
9601 COPYRIGHT
9603 SEE ALSO
9604 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
9606 SYNOPSIS
9608 DESCRIPTION
9609 Canonical notation
9610 Output
9611 "mantissa()", "exponent()" and "parts()"
9612 Accuracy vs. Precision
9613 Rounding
9614 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround
9615 ( +$scale ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
9616 METHODS
9618 accuracy
9619 precision()
9620 Autocreating constants
9621 Math library
9622 Using Math::BigInt::Lite
9623 BUGS
9624 CAVEATS
9625 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow, precision() vs.
9626 accuracy()
9627 SEE ALSO
9629 LICENSE
9630 AUTHORS
9631 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer/float math package
9633 SYNOPSIS
9635 DESCRIPTION
9636 Input, Output
9637 METHODS
9639 config
9640 accuracy
9641 precision
9642 brsft
9643 new
9644 bnan
9645 bzero
9646 binf
9647 bone
9648 is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
9649 is_pos()/is_neg()
9650 $x->is_pos(); # true if > 0
9651 $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0
9652 is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
9654 bcmp
9655 bacmp
9656 sign
9657 digit
9658 bneg
9659 babs
9660 bnorm
9661 bnot
9662 binc
9663 bdec
9664 badd
9665 bsub
9666 bmul
9667 bdiv
9668 bmod
9669 bmodinv
9670 bmodpow
9671 bpow
9672 blsft
9673 brsft
9674 band
9675 bior
9676 bxor
9677 bnot
9678 bsqrt
9679 bfac
9680 round
9681 bround
9682 bfround
9683 bfloor
9684 bceil
9685 bgcd
9686 blcm
9687 exponent
9688 mantissa
9689 parts
9690 copy
9691 as_int
9692 bsstr
9693 as_hex
9694 as_bin
9695 ACCURACY and PRECISION
9696 Precision P
9697 Accuracy A
9698 Fallback F
9699 Rounding mode R
9700 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision,
9701 Accuracy (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating num‐
9702 bers, Usage, Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings,
9703 Rounding, Default values, Remarks
9704 Infinity and Not a Number
9706 oct()/hex(), log(-inf), exp(), cos(), sin(), atan2()
9707 INTERNALS
9709 MATH LIBRARY
9710 SIGN
9711 mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
9712 EXAMPLES
9713 use Math::BigInt;
9714 Autocreating constants
9716 PERFORMANCE
9717 Alternative math libraries
9718 SUBCLASSING
9719 Subclassing Math::BigInt
9720 UPGRADING
9721 Auto-upgrade
9722 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
9723 BUGS
9725 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl
9726 prior 5.6.0
9727 CAVEATS
9729 bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
9730 Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
9731 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
9732 LICENSE
9734 SEE ALSO
9735 AUTHORS
9736 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
9738 SYNOPSIS
9740 DESCRIPTION
9741 STORAGE
9742 METHODS
9743 WRAP YOUR OWN
9744 LICENSE
9745 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or mod‐
9746 ify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
9747 AUTHORS
9749 SEE ALSO
9750 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
9752 SYNOPSIS
9754 DESCRIPTION
9755 METHODS
9756 __emu_bxor
9757 __emu_band
9758 __emu_bior
9759 LICENSE
9760 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or mod‐
9761 ify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
9762 AUTHORS
9764 SEE ALSO
9765 Math::BigRat - Arbitrary big rational numbers
9767 SYNOPSIS
9769 DESCRIPTION
9770 MATH LIBRARY
9771 METHODS
9772 new()
9773 numerator()
9774 denominator()
9775 $d = $x->denominator();
9776 parts()
9778 as_int()
9779 as_hex()
9780 as_bin()
9781 bfac()
9782 blog()
9783 bround()/round()/bfround()
9784 bmod()
9785 is_one()
9786 is_zero()
9787 is_pos()
9788 is_neg()
9789 is_int()
9790 is_odd()
9791 is_even()
9792 bceil()
9793 bfloor()
9794 $x->bfloor();
9795 bsqrt()
9797 $x->bsqrt();
9798 config
9800 BUGS
9801 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not
9802 implemented except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an
9803 integer, bmod(), blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
9804 LICENSE
9806 SEE ALSO
9807 AUTHORS
9808 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
9810 SYNOPSIS
9812 DESCRIPTION
9813 OPERATIONS
9814 CREATION
9815 DISPLAYING
9816 CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
9817 USAGE
9818 ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
9819 ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
9820 BUGS
9821 AUTHORS
9822 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
9824 SYNOPSIS
9826 DESCRIPTION
9827 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
9828 tan
9829 ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
9831 SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
9832 PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
9833 RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
9834 COORDINATE SYSTEMS
9835 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
9836 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindri‐
9837 cal_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_carte‐
9838 sian, spherical_to_cylindrical
9839 GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
9841 EXAMPLES
9842 CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
9843 BUGS
9844 AUTHORS
9845 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
9847 SYNOPSIS
9849 DESCRIPTION
9850 DETAILS
9851 OPTIONS
9852 INSTALL
9853 NORMALIZER
9854 "SCALAR_CACHE", "LIST_CACHE"
9855 "MEMORY", "HASH", "TIE", "FAULT", "MERGE"
9856 OTHER FACILITIES
9858 "unmemoize"
9859 "flush_cache"
9860 CAVEATS
9861 PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
9862 EXPIRATION SUPPORT
9863 BUGS
9864 MAILING LIST
9865 AUTHOR
9866 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9867 THANK YOU
9868 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
9870 Storable use
9871 DESCRIPTION
9873 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized
9875 values
9876 SYNOPSIS
9878 DESCRIPTION
9879 INTERFACE
9880 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
9881 ALTERNATIVES
9883 CAVEATS
9884 AUTHOR
9885 SEE ALSO
9886 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
9888 DESCRIPTION
9890 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
9892 DESCRIPTION
9894 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable
9896 use
9897 DESCRIPTION
9899 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable
9901 use
9902 DESCRIPTION
9904 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
9906 DESCRIPTION
9908 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
9910 SYNOPSIS
9912 DESCRIPTION
9913 "O_RDONLY", "O_WRONLY", "O_RDWR"
9914 DIAGNOSTICS
9916 "ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ..."
9917 BUGS AND WARNINGS
9918 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redis‐
9920 patch
9921 SYNOPSIS
9923 DESCRIPTION
9924 Enforcing redispatch
9925 Avoiding repetitions
9926 Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
9927 Using "EVERY" methods
9928 AUTHOR
9929 BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
9930 COPYRIGHT
9931 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
9933 SYNOPSIS
9935 DESCRIPTION
9936 USER METHODS
9937 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend (
9938 DATA ), dataend ()
9939 CLASS METHODS
9941 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [,
9942 ARGS, ... ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT
9943 ), getline (), ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ),
9944 read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
9945 EXPORTS
9947 AUTHOR
9948 COPYRIGHT
9949 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
9951 SYNOPSYS
9953 DESCRIPTION
9954 METHODS
9955 requires_firewall HOST
9956 NetConfig VALUES
9958 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, day‐
9959 time_hosts, time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_fire‐
9960 wall_type, ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask,
9961 test_hosts, test_exists
9962 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and
9964 domain
9965 SYNOPSIS
9967 DESCRIPTION
9968 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
9969 AUTHOR
9971 COPYRIGHT
9972 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
9974 SYNOPSIS
9976 DESCRIPTION
9977 OVERVIEW
9978 CONSTRUCTOR
9979 new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
9980 METHODS
9982 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [,
9983 RESP]]), site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ),
9984 delete ( FILENAME ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart (
9985 WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]),
9986 alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ),
9987 get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [,
9988 REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append
9989 ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ),
9990 size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[
9991 BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr (
9992 FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT
9993 ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
9994 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
9995 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
9996 Methods for the adventurous
9998 quot (CMD [,ARGS])
9999 THE dataconn CLASS
10001 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT
10002 ] ), bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
10003 UNIMPLEMENTED
10005 SMNT, HELP, MODE, SYST, STAT, STRU, REIN
10006 REPORTING BUGS
10008 AUTHOR
10009 SEE ALSO
10010 USE EXAMPLES
10011 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
10012 CREDITS
10014 COPYRIGHT
10015 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
10017 SYNOPSIS
10019 DESCRIPTION
10020 CONSTRUCTOR
10021 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
10022 METHODS
10024 article ( [ MSGID⎪MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID⎪MSGNUM ], [FH]
10025 ), head ( [ MSGID⎪MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID⎪MSGNUM ] ),
10026 bodyfh ( [ MSGID⎪MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID⎪MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat
10027 ( [ MSGID⎪MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE
10028 ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (),
10029 newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [,
10030 DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave
10031 (), quit ()
10032 Extension methods
10034 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
10035 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgti‐
10036 tle ( PATTERN ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MES‐
10037 SAGE-SPEC ), xpath ( MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MES‐
10038 SAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [ GROUP ] ), reader
10039 UNSUPPORTED
10041 DEFINITIONS
10042 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, "[^]-]", *bdc, "[0-9a-zA-Z]",
10043 "a??d"
10044 SEE ALSO
10046 AUTHOR
10047 COPYRIGHT
10048 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
10050 SYNOPSIS
10052 DESCRIPTION
10053 CONSTRUCTOR
10054 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0
10055 METHODS
10057 auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login (
10058 [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa
10059 (), capabilities (), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM
10060 ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (),
10061 ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (),
10062 quit ()
10063 NOTES
10065 SEE ALSO
10066 AUTHOR
10067 COPYRIGHT
10068 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
10070 SYNOPSIS
10072 DESCRIPTION
10073 Functions
10074 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [,
10075 $tos ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify(
10076 { 0 ⎪ 1 } );, $p->service_check( { 0 ⎪ 1 } );, $p->tcp_ser‐
10077 vice_check( { 0 ⎪ 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 ⎪ 1 } );,
10078 $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack( [ $host ]
10079 );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
10080 [, $timeout]);
10081 NOTES
10083 INSTALL
10084 BUGS
10085 AUTHORS
10086 COPYRIGHT
10087 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
10089 SYNOPSIS
10091 DESCRIPTION
10092 EXAMPLES
10093 CONSTRUCTOR
10094 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] )
10095 METHODS
10097 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ),
10098 auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send (
10099 ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ),
10100 reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to
10101 ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ),
10102 bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand (
10103 ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
10104 ADDRESSES
10106 SEE ALSO
10107 AUTHOR
10108 COPYRIGHT
10109 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
10111 SYNOPSIS
10113 DESCRIPTION
10114 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST
10115 [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
10116 AUTHOR
10118 COPYRIGHT
10119 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() func‐
10121 tions
10122 SYNOPSIS
10124 DESCRIPTION
10125 EXAMPLES
10126 NOTE
10127 AUTHOR
10128 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
10130 DESCRIPTION
10132 Where to get this document
10133 How to contribute to this document
10134 Author and Copyright Information
10135 Disclaimer
10136 Obtaining and installing libnet
10137 What is libnet ?
10138 Which version of perl do I need ?
10139 What other modules do I need ?
10140 What machines support libnet ?
10141 Where can I get the latest libnet release
10142 Using Net::FTP
10143 How do I download files from an FTP server ?
10144 How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
10145 How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
10146 How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP
10147 server ?
10148 How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
10149 Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
10150 How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
10151 Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
10152 I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work
10153 ?
10154 I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines out‐
10155 side ?
10156 My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
10157 Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
10158 server ?
10159 I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it docu‐
10160 mented ?
10161 Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
10162 Using Net::SMTP
10163 Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
10164 hostname ?
10165 Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
10166 The verify method always returns true ?
10167 Debugging scripts
10168 How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
10169 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
10170 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
10172 SYNOPSIS
10174 DESCRIPTION
10175 EXAMPLES
10176 NOTE
10177 AUTHOR
10178 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() func‐
10180 tions
10181 SYNOPSIS
10183 DESCRIPTION
10184 NOTE
10185 AUTHOR
10186 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() func‐
10188 tions
10189 SYNOPSIS
10191 DESCRIPTION
10192 EXAMPLES
10193 NOTE
10194 AUTHOR
10195 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
10197 SYNOPSIS
10199 DESCRIPTION
10200 THE .netrc FILE
10201 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string,
10202 macdef name
10203 CONSTRUCTOR
10205 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
10206 METHODS
10208 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
10209 AUTHOR
10211 SEE ALSO
10212 COPYRIGHT
10213 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10215 SYNOPSIS
10217 DESCRIPTION
10218 CONVENTIONS
10219 IMPLEMENTATION
10220 BUGS
10221 AUTHOR
10222 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
10224 SYNOPSIS
10226 DESCRIPTION
10227 "O_RDONLY", "O_WRONLY", "O_RDWR"
10228 DIAGNOSTICS
10230 "odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ..."
10231 BUGS AND WARNINGS
10232 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
10234 SYNOPSIS
10236 DESCRIPTION
10237 NOTE
10238 WARNING
10239 Operator Names and Operator Lists
10240 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated
10241 opname or optag, an operator set (opset)
10242 Opcode Functions
10244 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex
10245 (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), ver‐
10246 ify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add
10247 (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)
10248 Manipulating Opsets
10250 TO DO (maybe)
10251 Predefined Opcode Tags
10252 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig,
10253 :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db,
10254 :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess,
10255 :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
10256 SEE ALSO
10258 AUTHORS
10259 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compart‐
10261 ments
10262 SYNOPSIS
10264 DESCRIPTION
10265 a new namespace, an operator mask
10266 WARNING
10268 RECENT CHANGES
10269 Methods in class Safe
10270 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...),
10271 deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share
10272 (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME),
10273 reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
10274 Some Safety Issues
10276 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
10277 AUTHOR
10279 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when com‐
10281 piling
10282 SYNOPSIS
10284 DESCRIPTION
10285 SEE ALSO
10286 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
10288 SYNOPSIS
10290 DESCRIPTION
10291 NOTE
10292 CAVEATS
10293 FUNCTIONS
10294 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert,
10295 atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil,
10296 chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh,
10297 creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno,
10298 execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs,
10299 fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets,
10300 fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs,
10301 fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, fsync,
10302 ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
10303 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
10304 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isal‐
10305 pha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct,
10306 isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, locale‐
10307 conv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen,
10308 mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir,
10309 mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf,
10310 pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort,
10311 raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
10312 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, set‐
10313 sid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask,
10314 sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand,
10315 sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn,
10316 strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk,
10317 strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm,
10318 sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp,
10319 tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower,
10320 toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink,
10321 utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
10322 wctomb, write
10323 CLASSES
10325 POSIX::SigAction
10326 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
10327 POSIX::SigSet
10329 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
10330 POSIX::Termios
10332 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag,
10333 getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag,
10334 setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values,
10335 Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field
10336 values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag
10337 field values
10338 PATHNAME CONSTANTS
10340 Constants
10341 POSIX CONSTANTS
10343 Constants
10344 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
10346 Constants
10347 ERRNO
10349 Constants
10350 FCNTL
10352 Constants
10353 FLOAT
10355 Constants
10356 LIMITS
10358 Constants
10359 LOCALE
10361 Constants
10362 MATH
10364 Constants
10365 SIGNAL
10367 Constants
10368 STAT
10370 Constants, Macros
10371 STDLIB
10373 Constants
10374 STDIO
10376 Constants
10377 TIME
10379 Constants
10380 UNISTD
10382 Constants
10383 WAIT
10385 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS,
10386 WIFSIGNALED, WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
10387 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name
10389 space
10390 SYNOPSIS
10392 DESCRIPTION
10393 :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop,
10394 :win32
10395 Custom Layers
10397 :encoding, :via
10398 Alternatives to raw
10400 Defaults and how to override them
10401 Querying the layers of filehandles
10402 AUTHOR
10403 SEE ALSO
10404 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
10406 SYNOPSIS
10408 DESCRIPTION
10409 SEE ALSO
10410 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
10412 SYNOPSIS
10414 DESCRIPTION
10415 IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
10416 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
10418 SYNOPSIS
10420 DESCRIPTION
10421 EXPECTED METHODS
10422 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
10423 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
10424 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
10425 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
10426 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh),
10427 $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh),
10428 $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh),
10429 $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh),
10430 $obj->EOF($fh)
10431 EXAMPLES
10433 Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
10434 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
10436 SYNOPSIS
10438 DESCRIPTION
10439 REQUIRED MODULES
10440 SEE ALSO
10441 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
10442 COPYRIGHT
10443 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
10445 SYNOPSIS
10447 OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
10448 podchecker()
10449 -warnings => val
10450 DESCRIPTION
10452 DIAGNOSTICS
10453 Errors
10454 empty =headn, =over on line N without closing =back, =item
10455 without previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argu‐
10456 ment for =begin, =end without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for
10457 without formatter specification, unresolved internal link NAME,
10458 Unknown command "CMD", Unknown interior-sequence "SEQ", nested
10459 commands CMD<...CMD<...>...>, garbled entity STRING, Entity
10460 number out of range, malformed link L<>, nonempty Z<>, empty
10461 X<>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
10462 after =back
10463 Warnings
10465 multiple occurrence of link target name, line containing noth‐
10466 ing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with
10467 =head, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item para‐
10468 graph(s), =item type mismatch (one vs. two), N unescaped "<>"
10469 in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument
10470 for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim para‐
10471 graph in NAME section, =headn without preceding higher level
10472 Hyperlinks
10474 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in
10475 '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-
10476 escaped ⎪ or /
10477 RETURN VALUE
10479 EXAMPLES
10480 INTERFACE
10481 "Pod::Checker->new( %options )"
10483 "$checker->poderror( @args )", "$checker->poderror( {%opts}, @args )"
10485 "$checker->num_errors()"
10487 "$checker->num_warnings()"
10489 "$checker->name()"
10491 "$checker->node()"
10493 "$checker->idx()"
10495 "$checker->hyperlink()"
10497 AUTHOR
10499 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
10501 SYNOPSIS
10503 DESCRIPTION
10504 "pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )"
10505 "-verbose => 1", "-perl => 1", "-script => 1", "-inc => 1"
10506 "simplify_name( $str )"
10508 "pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )"
10509 "-inc => 1", "-dirs => [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]", "-verbose => 1"
10510 "contains_pod( $file , $verbose )"
10512 AUTHOR
10513 SEE ALSO
10514 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
10516 SYNOPSIS
10518 DESCRIPTION
10519 ARGUMENTS
10520 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
10521 htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, pod‐
10522 root, quiet, recurse, title, verbose
10523 EXAMPLE
10525 ENVIRONMENT
10526 AUTHOR
10527 SEE ALSO
10528 COPYRIGHT
10529 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, com‐
10531 mands, etc.
10532 SYNOPSIS
10534 REQUIRES
10535 EXPORTS
10536 DESCRIPTION
10537 package Pod::InputSource, package Pod::Paragraph, package
10538 Pod::InteriorSequence, package Pod::ParseTree
10539 Pod::InputSource
10541 new()
10542 name()
10543 handle()
10544 was_cutting()
10545 Pod::Paragraph
10546 Pod::Paragraph->new()
10547 $pod_para->cmd_name()
10548 $pod_para->text()
10549 $pod_para->raw_text()
10550 $pod_para->cmd_prefix()
10551 $pod_para->cmd_separator()
10552 $pod_para->parse_tree()
10553 $pod_para->file_line()
10554 Pod::InteriorSequence
10555 Pod::InteriorSequence->new()
10556 $pod_seq->cmd_name()
10557 $pod_seq->prepend()
10558 $pod_seq->append()
10559 $pod_seq->nested()
10560 $pod_seq->raw_text()
10561 $pod_seq->left_delimiter()
10562 $pod_seq->right_delimiter()
10563 $pod_seq->parse_tree()
10564 $pod_seq->file_line()
10565 Pod::InteriorSequence::DESTROY()
10566 Pod::ParseTree
10567 Pod::ParseTree->new()
10568 $ptree->top()
10569 $ptree->children()
10570 $ptree->prepend()
10571 $ptree->append()
10572 $ptree->raw_text()
10573 Pod::ParseTree::DESTROY()
10574 SEE ALSO
10575 AUTHOR
10576 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
10578 SYNOPSIS
10580 DESCRIPTION
10581 OBJECT METHODS
10582 "initialize"
10583 Data Accessors
10585 AddPreamble
10586 AddPostamble
10588 Head1Level
10590 Label
10592 LevelNoNum
10594 MakeIndex
10596 ReplaceNAMEwithSection
10598 StartWithNewPage
10600 TableOfContents
10602 UniqueLabels
10604 UserPreamble
10606 UserPostamble
10608 Lists
10610 Subclassed methods
10612 begin_pod
10614 end_pod
10616 command
10618 verbatim
10620 textblock
10622 interior_sequence
10624 List Methods
10626 begin_list
10627 end_list
10629 add_item
10631 Methods for headings
10633 head
10634 Internal methods
10636 _output
10637 _replace_special_chars
10639 _replace_special_chars_late
10641 _create_label
10643 _create_index
10645 _clean_latex_commands
10647 _split_delimited
10649 NOTES
10651 SEE ALSO
10652 AUTHORS
10653 COPYRIGHT
10654 REVISION
10655 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
10657 SYNOPSIS
10659 DESCRIPTION
10660 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name,
10661 quotes, release, section
10662 DIAGNOSTICS
10664 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s,
10665 Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph
10666 "%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape E<%s>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code
10667 %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
10668 BUGS
10670 CAVEATS
10671 SEE ALSO
10672 AUTHOR
10673 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
10674 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an L<> formatting code in POD text
10676 SYNOPSIS
10678 DESCRIPTION
10679 SEE ALSO
10680 AUTHOR
10681 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
10682 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
10684 SYNOPSIS
10686 DESCRIPTION
10687 Pod::List
10688 Pod::List->new()
10689 $list->file()
10691 $list->start()
10693 $list->indent()
10695 $list->type()
10697 $list->rx()
10699 $list->item()
10701 $list->parent()
10703 $list->tag()
10705 Pod::Hyperlink
10707 Pod::Hyperlink->new()
10708 $link->parse($string)
10710 $link->markup($string)
10712 $link->text()
10714 $link->warning()
10716 $link->file(), $link->line()
10718 $link->page()
10720 $link->node()
10722 $link->alttext()
10724 $link->type()
10726 $link->link()
10728 Pod::Cache
10730 Pod::Cache->new()
10731 $cache->item()
10733 $cache->find_page($name)
10735 Pod::Cache::Item
10737 Pod::Cache::Item->new()
10738 $cacheitem->page()
10740 $cacheitem->description()
10742 $cacheitem->path()
10744 $cacheitem->file()
10746 $cacheitem->nodes()
10748 $cacheitem->find_node($name)
10750 $cacheitem->idx()
10752 AUTHOR
10754 SEE ALSO
10755 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
10757 SYNOPSIS
10759 REQUIRES
10760 EXPORTS
10761 DESCRIPTION
10762 QUICK OVERVIEW
10763 PARSING OPTIONS
10764 -want_nonPODs (default: unset), -process_cut_cmd (default: unset),
10765 -warnings (default: unset)
10766 RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
10768 command()
10769 $cmd, $text, $line_num, $pod_para
10770 verbatim()
10772 $text, $line_num, $pod_para
10773 textblock()
10775 $text, $line_num, $pod_para
10776 interior_sequence()
10778 OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
10779 new()
10780 initialize()
10781 begin_pod()
10782 begin_input()
10783 end_input()
10784 end_pod()
10785 preprocess_line()
10786 preprocess_paragraph()
10787 METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
10788 parse_text()
10789 -expand_seq => code-ref⎪method-name, -expand_text => code-
10790 ref⎪method-name, -expand_ptree => code-ref⎪method-name
10791 interpolate()
10793 parse_paragraph()
10794 parse_from_filehandle()
10795 parse_from_file()
10796 ACCESSOR METHODS
10797 errorsub()
10798 cutting()
10799 parseopts()
10800 output_file()
10801 output_handle()
10802 input_file()
10803 input_handle()
10804 input_streams()
10805 top_stream()
10806 PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
10807 _push_input_stream()
10808 _pop_input_stream()
10809 TREE-BASED PARSING
10810 SEE ALSO
10811 AUTHOR
10812 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
10814 SYNOPSIS
10816 DESCRIPTION
10817 SEE ALSO
10818 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
10819 AUTHOR
10820 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
10822 SYNOPSIS
10824 DESCRIPTION
10825 CAVEAT
10826 SEE ALSO
10827 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
10828 AUTHOR
10829 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
10831 SYNOPSIS
10833 DESCRIPTION
10834 CAVEAT
10835 SEE ALSO
10836 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
10837 AUTHOR
10838 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
10840 SYNOPSIS
10842 DESCRIPTION
10843 SEE ALSO
10844 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
10845 AUTHOR
10846 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
10848 SYNOPSIS
10850 DESCRIPTION
10851 SEE ALSO
10852 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
10853 AUTHOR
10854 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
10856 SYNOPSIS
10858 DESCRIPTION
10859 CAVEAT
10860 SEE ALSO
10861 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
10862 AUTHOR
10863 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
10865 SYNOPSIS
10867 DESCRIPTION
10868 SEE ALSO
10869 AUTHOR
10870 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
10872 SYNOPSIS
10874 DESCRIPTION
10875 SEE ALSO
10876 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
10877 AUTHOR
10878 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
10880 SYNOPSIS
10882 DESCRIPTION
10883 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
10884 DIAGNOSTICS
10886 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown
10887 escape: %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
10888 RESTRICTIONS
10890 NOTES
10891 SEE ALSO
10892 AUTHOR
10893 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
10895 SYNOPSIS
10897 DESCRIPTION
10898 EXPORT
10899 AUTHOR
10900 SEE ALSO
10901 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from input
10903 SYNOPSIS
10905 REQUIRES
10906 EXPORTS
10907 DESCRIPTION
10908 SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
10909 RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
10910 OBJECT METHODS
10911 curr_headings()
10912 select()
10913 add_selection()
10914 clear_selections()
10915 match_section()
10916 is_selected()
10917 EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
10918 podselect()
10919 -output, -sections, -ranges
10920 PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
10922 _compile_section_spec()
10923 $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
10924 $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
10925 SEE ALSO
10926 AUTHOR
10927 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
10929 SYNOPSIS
10931 DESCRIPTION
10932 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
10933 DIAGNOSTICS
10935 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for
10936 reading: %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown com‐
10937 mand paragraph: %s, %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown for‐
10938 matting code: %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
10939 RESTRICTIONS
10941 NOTES
10942 SEE ALSO
10943 AUTHOR
10944 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
10945 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
10947 SYNOPSIS
10949 DESCRIPTION
10950 BUGS
10951 SEE ALSO
10952 AUTHOR
10953 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
10954 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
10956 SYNOPSIS
10958 DESCRIPTION
10959 BUGS
10960 SEE ALSO
10961 AUTHOR
10962 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
10963 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
10965 SYNOPSIS
10967 DESCRIPTION
10968 NOTES
10969 SEE ALSO
10970 AUTHOR
10971 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
10972 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod docu‐
10974 mentation
10975 SYNOPSIS
10977 ARGUMENTS
10978 "-message", "-msg", "-exitval", "-verbose", "-section", "-output",
10979 "-input", "-pathlist", "-noperldoc"
10980 DESCRIPTION
10982 EXAMPLES
10983 Recommended Use
10984 CAVEATS
10985 AUTHOR
10986 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
10987 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
10989 SYNOPSIS
10991 DESCRIPTION
10992 "O_RDONLY", "O_WRONLY", "O_RDWR"
10993 DIAGNOSTICS
10995 "sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ..."
10996 BUGS AND WARNINGS
10997 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
10999 SYNOPSIS
11001 DESCRIPTION
11002 a new namespace, an operator mask
11003 WARNING
11005 RECENT CHANGES
11006 Methods in class Safe
11007 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...),
11008 deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share
11009 (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME),
11010 reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
11011 Some Safety Issues
11013 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
11014 AUTHOR
11016 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
11018 SYNOPSIS
11020 DESCRIPTION
11021 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
11022 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
11023 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
11024 KNOWN BUGS
11026 COPYRIGHT
11027 BLATANT PLUG
11028 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
11030 SYNOPSIS
11032 DESCRIPTION
11033 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
11035 SYNOPSIS
11037 DESCRIPTION
11038 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
11040 SYNOPSIS
11042 DESCRIPTION
11043 The __DATA__ token
11044 SelfLoader autoloading
11045 Autoloading and package lexicals
11046 SelfLoader and AutoLoader
11047 __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
11048 Classes and inherited methods.
11049 Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
11050 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
11052 SYNOPSIS
11054 DESCRIPTION
11055 Caveats
11056 Escaping Magic Characters
11057 Configuration
11058 BUGS
11059 AUTHOR
11060 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
11062 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
11063 SYNOPSIS
11065 DESCRIPTION
11066 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROAD‐
11067 CAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sock‐
11068 addr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in
11069 PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATH‐
11070 NAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sock‐
11071 addr_un SOCKADDR_UN
11072 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
11074 SYNOPSIS
11076 DESCRIPTION
11077 MEMORY STORE
11078 ADVISORY LOCKING
11079 SPEED
11080 CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
11081 CODE REFERENCES
11082 FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
11083 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of
11084 Storable
11085 ERROR REPORTING
11087 WIZARDS ONLY
11088 Hooks
11089 "STORABLE_freeze" obj, cloning, "STORABLE_thaw" obj, cloning,
11090 serialized, .., "STORABLE_attach" class, cloning, serialized
11091 Predicates
11093 "Storable::last_op_in_netorder", "Storable::is_storing",
11094 "Storable::is_retrieving"
11095 Recursion
11097 Deep Cloning
11098 Storable magic
11099 EXAMPLES
11100 WARNING
11101 BUGS
11102 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
11103 CREDITS
11104 AUTHOR
11105 SEE ALSO
11106 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
11108 VERSION
11110 SYNOPSIS
11111 BACKGROUND
11112 DESCRIPTION
11113 Allowing fall-through
11114 Automating fall-through
11115 Alternative syntax
11116 Higher-order Operations
11117 DEPENDENCIES
11118 AUTHOR
11119 BUGS
11120 LIMITATIONS
11121 COPYRIGHT
11122 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
11124 SYNOPSIS
11126 DESCRIPTION
11127 BUGS
11128 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
11130 SYNOPSIS
11132 DESCRIPTION
11133 AUTHOR
11134 Syslog, Sys::Syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog[1m(3) calls
11136 VERSION
11138 SYNOPSIS
11139 DESCRIPTION
11140 EXPORTS
11141 FUNCTIONS
11142 openlog($ident, $logopt, $facility), syslog($priority, $message),
11143 syslog($priority, $format, @args), Note, setlogmask($mask_prior‐
11144 ity), setlogsock($sock_type), setlogsock($sock_type, $stream_loca‐
11145 tion) (added in 5.004_02), closelog()
11146 EXAMPLES
11148 CONSTANTS
11149 Facilities
11150 Levels
11151 DIAGNOSTICS
11152 Invalid argument passed to setlogsock, no connection to syslog
11153 available, stream passed to setlogsock, but %s is not writable,
11154 stream passed to setlogsock, but could not find any device, tcp
11155 passed to setlogsock, but tcp service unavailable, syslog: expect‐
11156 ing argument %s, syslog: invalid level/facility: %s, syslog: too
11157 many levels given: %s, syslog: too many facilities given: %s, sys‐
11158 log: level must be given, udp passed to setlogsock, but udp service
11159 unavailable, unix passed to setlogsock, but path not available
11160 SEE ALSO
11162 AUTHOR
11163 BUGS
11164 SUPPORT
11165 AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, RT: CPAN's
11166 request tracker, Search CPAN
11167 LICENSE
11169 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog[1m(3)
11171 calls
11172 VERSION
11174 SYNOPSIS
11175 DESCRIPTION
11176 EXPORTS
11177 FUNCTIONS
11178 openlog($ident, $logopt, $facility), syslog($priority, $message),
11179 syslog($priority, $format, @args), Note, setlogmask($mask_prior‐
11180 ity), setlogsock($sock_type), setlogsock($sock_type, $stream_loca‐
11181 tion) (added in 5.004_02), closelog()
11182 EXAMPLES
11184 CONSTANTS
11185 Facilities
11186 Levels
11187 DIAGNOSTICS
11188 Invalid argument passed to setlogsock, no connection to syslog
11189 available, stream passed to setlogsock, but %s is not writable,
11190 stream passed to setlogsock, but could not find any device, tcp
11191 passed to setlogsock, but tcp service unavailable, syslog: expect‐
11192 ing argument %s, syslog: invalid level/facility: %s, syslog: too
11193 many levels given: %s, syslog: too many facilities given: %s, sys‐
11194 log: level must be given, udp passed to setlogsock, but udp service
11195 unavailable, unix passed to setlogsock, but path not available
11196 SEE ALSO
11198 AUTHOR
11199 BUGS
11200 SUPPORT
11201 AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, RT: CPAN's
11202 request tracker, Search CPAN
11203 LICENSE
11205 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
11207 SYNOPSIS
11209 DESCRIPTION
11210 DIAGNOSTICS
11211 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
11212 subs" in use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once:
11213 possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle, No name for
11214 escape sequence %s
11215 ENVIRONMENT
11217 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
11218 RESTRICTIONS
11220 NOTES
11221 SEE ALSO
11222 AUTHORS
11223 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
11224 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
11226 SYNOPSIS
11228 DESCRIPTION
11229 METHODS
11230 Tgetent, OSPEED, TERM
11232 Tpad, $string, $cnt, $FH
11234 Tputs, $cap, $cnt, $FH
11236 Tgoto, $cap, $col, $row, $FH
11238 Trequire
11240 EXAMPLES
11242 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
11243 AUTHOR
11244 SEE ALSO
11245 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
11247 SYNOPSIS
11249 DESCRIPTION
11250 <tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>
11251 DIAGNOSTICS
11253 BUGS
11254 AUTHOR
11255 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various "readline" packages. If no
11257 real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
11258 SYNOPSIS
11260 DESCRIPTION
11261 Minimal set of supported functions
11262 "ReadLine", "new", "readline", "addhistory", "IN", "OUT", "Min‐
11263 Line", "findConsole", Attribs, "Features"
11264 Additional supported functions
11266 "tkRunning", "ornaments", "newTTY"
11267 EXPORTS
11269 ENVIRONMENT
11270 CAVEATS
11271 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
11273 SYNOPSIS
11275 DESCRIPTION
11276 QUICK START GUIDE
11277 Functions
11278 "plan(...)", "tests => number", "todo => [1,5,14]", "onfail =>
11279 sub { ... }", "onfail => \&some_sub"
11280 _to_value
11282 "ok(...)"
11284 "skip(skip_if_true, args...)"
11286 TEST TYPES
11288 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
11289 ONFAIL
11291 BUGS and CAVEATS
11292 ENVIRONMENT
11293 NOTE
11294 SEE ALSO
11295 AUTHOR
11296 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
11298 SYNOPSIS
11300 DESCRIPTION
11301 Construction
11302 new
11303 create
11305 reset
11307 Setting up tests
11309 exported_to
11310 plan
11312 expected_tests
11314 no_plan
11316 has_plan
11318 skip_all
11320 Running tests
11322 ok
11323 is_eq, is_num
11325 isnt_eq, isnt_num
11327 like, unlike
11329 maybe_regex
11331 cmp_ok
11333 BAIL_OUT
11335 skip
11337 todo_skip
11339 skip_rest
11341 Test style
11343 level
11344 use_numbers
11346 no_diag, no_ending, no_header
11348 Output
11350 diag
11351 _print
11353 _print_diag
11355 output, failure_output, todo_output
11357 Test Status and Info
11359 current_test
11360 summary
11362 details
11364 todo
11366 caller
11368 _sanity_check
11370 _whoa
11372 _my_exit
11374 EXIT CODES
11376 THREADS
11377 EXAMPLES
11378 SEE ALSO
11379 AUTHORS
11380 COPYRIGHT
11381 Test::Builder::Module - Base class for test modules
11383 SYNOPSIS
11385 DESCRIPTION
11386 Importing
11387 Builder
11388 Test::Builder::Tester - test testsuites that have been built with
11390 Test::Builder
11391 SYNOPSIS
11393 DESCRIPTION
11394 Methods
11395 test_out, test_err
11396 test_fail
11398 test_diag
11400 test_test, title (synonym 'name', 'label'), skip_out, skip_err
11402 line_num
11404 color
11406 BUGS
11408 AUTHOR
11409 NOTES
11410 SEE ALSO
11411 Test::Builder::Tester::Color - turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester
11413 SYNOPSIS
11415 DESCRIPTION
11416 AUTHOR
11417 BUGS
11418 SEE ALSO
11419 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
11421 VERSION
11423 SYNOPSIS
11424 DESCRIPTION
11425 Taint mode
11426 Configuration variables.
11427 $Test::Harness::Verbose, $Test::Harness::switches, $Test::Har‐
11428 ness::Timer
11429 Failure
11431 Failed Test, Stat, Wstat, Total, Fail, Failed, List of Failed
11432 Functions
11434 runtests
11435 _all_ok
11437 _globdir
11439 _run_all_tests
11441 _mk_leader
11443 _leader_width
11445 EXPORT
11447 DIAGNOSTICS
11448 "All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s", "FAILED tests
11449 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.", "Test returned status %d
11450 (wstat %d)", "Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s", "Failed %d/%d tests,
11451 %.2f%% okay. %s", "FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s"
11452 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT TEST::HARNESS SETS
11454 "HARNESS_ACTIVE", "HARNESS_VERSION"
11455 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT AFFECT TEST::HARNESS
11457 "HARNESS_COLUMNS", "HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST", "HARNESS_DEBUG", "HAR‐
11458 NESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR", "HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE", "HARNESS_NOTTY",
11459 "HARNESS_PERL", "HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES", "HARNESS_VERBOSE"
11460 EXAMPLE
11462 SEE ALSO
11463 TODO
11464 BUGS
11465 AUTHORS
11466 COPYRIGHT
11467 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
11469 SYNOPSIS
11471 DESCRIPTION
11472 FUNCTIONS
11473 "assert()"
11474 AUTHOR
11475 SEE ALSO
11476 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
11478 SYNOPSIS
11480 DESCRIPTION
11481 new()
11482 next()
11483 Test::Harness::Point - object for tracking a single test point
11485 SYNOPSIS
11487 CONSTRUCTION
11488 new()
11489 from_test_line( $line )
11490 ACCESSORS
11491 ok, number
11492 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
11494 SYNOPSIS
11496 DESCRIPTION
11497 CONSTRUCTION
11498 new()
11499 $strap->_init
11500 ANALYSIS
11501 $strap->analyze( $name, \@output_lines )
11502 $strap->analyze_fh( $name, $test_filehandle )
11503 $strap->analyze_file( $test_file )
11504 $strap->_command_line( $file )
11505 $strap->_command()
11506 $strap->_switches( $file )
11507 $strap->_cleaned_switches( @switches_from_user )
11508 $strap->_INC2PERL5LIB
11509 $strap->_filtered_INC()
11510 $strap->_restore_PERL5LIB()
11511 Parsing
11512 "_is_diagnostic"
11513 "_is_header"
11514 "_is_bail_out"
11515 "_reset_file_state"
11516 Results
11517 EXAMPLES
11518 AUTHOR
11519 SEE ALSO
11520 Test::Harness::TAP - Documentation for the TAP format
11522 SYNOPSIS
11524 TODO
11525 THE TAP FORMAT
11526 HARNESS BEHAVIOR
11527 TESTS LINES AND THE PLAN
11528 The plan
11529 The test line
11530 "ok" or "not ok", Test number, Description, Directive, ok/not
11531 ok (required), Test number (recommended), Description (recom‐
11532 mended), Directive (only when necessary)
11533 DIRECTIVES
11535 TODO tests
11536 Skipping tests
11537 OTHER LINES
11538 Bail out!
11539 Diagnostics
11540 Anything else
11541 EXAMPLES
11542 Common with explanation
11543 Unknown amount and failures
11544 Giving up
11545 Skipping a few
11546 Skipping everything
11547 Got spare tuits?
11548 Creative liberties
11549 AUTHORS
11550 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
11551 COPYRIGHT
11552 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
11554 SYNOPSIS
11556 DESCRIPTION
11557 I love it when a plan comes together
11558 Test names
11559 I'm ok, you're not ok.
11560 ok
11561 is, isnt
11563 like
11565 unlike
11567 cmp_ok
11569 can_ok
11571 isa_ok
11573 pass, fail
11575 Module tests
11577 use_ok
11578 require_ok
11580 Complex data structures
11582 is_deeply
11583 Diagnostics
11585 diag
11586 Conditional tests
11588 SKIP: BLOCK
11589 TODO: BLOCK, todo_skip
11591 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
11593 Test control
11595 BAIL_OUT
11596 Discouraged comparison functions
11598 eq_array
11599 eq_hash
11601 eq_set
11603 Extending and Embedding Test::More
11605 builder
11606 EXIT CODES
11608 CAVEATS and NOTES
11609 Backwards compatibility, Overloaded objects, Threads, Test::Harness
11610 upgrade
11611 HISTORY
11613 SEE ALSO
11614 AUTHORS
11615 BUGS
11616 COPYRIGHT
11617 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
11619 SYNOPSIS
11621 DESCRIPTION
11622 ok
11623 EXAMPLE
11625 CAVEATS
11626 NOTES
11627 HISTORY
11628 SEE ALSO
11629 Test::More, Test, Test::Unit, Test::Inline, SelfTest, Test::Harness
11630 AUTHORS
11632 COPYRIGHT
11633 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
11635 DESCRIPTION
11637 Nuts and bolts of testing.
11638 Where to start?
11639 Names
11640 Test the manual
11641 Sometimes the tests are wrong
11642 Testing lots of values
11643 Informative names
11644 Skipping tests
11645 Todo tests
11646 Testing with taint mode.
11647 FOOTNOTES
11648 AUTHORS
11649 COPYRIGHT
11650 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
11652 SYNOPSIS
11654 DESCRIPTION
11655 EXAMPLE
11656 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
11658 SYNOPSIS
11660 DESCRIPTION
11661 General behaviour in list contexts
11662 [0], [1], [2]
11663 General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
11665 A note about prefixes
11666 "extract_delimited"
11667 "extract_bracketed"
11668 "extract_variable"
11669 [0], [1], [2]
11670 "extract_tagged"
11672 "reject => $listref", "ignore => $listref", "fail => $str",
11673 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
11674 "gen_extract_tagged"
11676 "extract_quotelike"
11677 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
11678 "extract_quotelike" and "here documents"
11680 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
11681 "extract_codeblock"
11683 "extract_multiple"
11684 "gen_delimited_pat"
11685 DIAGNOSTICS
11686 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
11687 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
11688 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
11689 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
11690 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
11691 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
11692 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
11693 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
11694 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
11695 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
11696 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
11697 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
11698 tag>
11699 AUTHOR
11701 BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
11702 COPYRIGHT
11703 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
11705 arrays
11706 SYNOPSIS
11708 DESCRIPTION
11709 EXAMPLES
11710 AUTHORS
11711 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by
11713 Knuth
11714 SYNOPSIS
11716 DESCRIPTION
11717 EXAMPLES
11718 LIMITATIONS
11719 AUTHOR
11720 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand[1m(1) and unex‐
11722 pand[1m(1)
11723 SYNOPSIS
11725 DESCRIPTION
11726 BUGS
11727 LICENSE
11728 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
11730 SYNOPSIS
11732 DESCRIPTION
11733 OVERRIDES
11734 EXAMPLE
11735 LICENSE
11736 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
11738 CAVEAT
11740 SYNOPSIS
11741 DESCRIPTION
11742 FUNCTIONS
11743 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread =
11744 Thread->new(\&start_sub, LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
11745 Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broad‐
11746 cast VARIABLE, yield
11747 METHODS
11749 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
11750 LIMITATIONS
11752 SEE ALSO
11753 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
11755 SYNOPSIS
11757 DESCRIPTION
11758 FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
11759 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
11760 SEE ALSO
11762 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
11764 SYNOPSIS
11766 DESCRIPTION
11767 FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
11768 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
11769 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
11771 (for old code)
11772 CAVEAT
11774 SYNOPSIS
11775 DESCRIPTION
11776 BUGS
11777 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
11779 SYNOPSIS
11781 DESCRIPTION
11782 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
11784 SYNOPSIS
11786 DESCRIPTION
11787 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this,
11788 index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count,
11789 EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH
11790 this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this,
11791 offset, length, LIST
11792 CAVEATS
11794 AUTHOR
11795 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
11797 SYNOPSIS
11799 DESCRIPTION
11800 "recsep"
11801 "autochomp"
11802 "mode"
11803 "memory"
11804 "dw_size"
11805 Option Format
11806 Public Methods
11807 "flock"
11808 "autochomp"
11809 "defer", "flush", "discard", and "autodefer"
11810 "offset"
11811 Tying to an already-opened filehandle
11812 Deferred Writing
11813 Autodeferring
11814 CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
11815 CAVEATS
11816 SUBCLASSING
11817 WHAT ABOUT "DB_File"?
11818 AUTHOR
11819 LICENSE
11820 WARRANTY
11821 THANKS
11822 TODO
11823 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied handles
11825 SYNOPSIS
11827 DESCRIPTION
11828 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset,
11829 PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar,
11830 length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this,
11831 filename, BINMODE this, EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset,
11832 whence, DESTROY this
11833 MORE INFORMATION
11835 COMPATIBILITY
11836 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
11838 tied hashes
11839 SYNOPSIS
11841 DESCRIPTION
11842 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key,
11843 FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE
11844 this, key, CLEAR this, SCALAR this
11845 Inheriting from Tie::StdHash
11847 Inheriting from Tie::ExtraHash
11848 "SCALAR", "UNTIE" and "DESTROY"
11849 MORE INFORMATION
11850 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
11852 SYNOPSIS
11854 DESCRIPTION
11855 Inheriting from Tie::Memoize
11856 EXAMPLE
11857 BUGS
11858 AUTHOR
11859 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
11861 SYNOPSIS
11863 DESCRIPTION
11864 EXAMPLE
11865 AUTHOR
11866 VERSION
11867 SEE ALSO
11868 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars
11870 SYNOPSIS
11872 DESCRIPTION
11873 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY
11874 this
11875 MORE INFORMATION
11877 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
11879 SYNOPSIS
11881 DESCRIPTION
11882 CAVEATS
11883 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
11885 timers
11886 SYNOPSIS
11888 DESCRIPTION
11889 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), nanosleep ( $nanoseconds ),
11890 ualarm ( $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (),
11891 sleep ( $floating_seconds ), alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $inter‐
11892 val_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( $which, $floating_seconds [,
11893 $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( $which ), clock_gettime
11894 ( $which ), clock_getres ( $which ), clock_nanosleep ( $which,
11895 $seconds, $flags = 0), clock()
11896 EXAMPLES
11898 C API
11899 DIAGNOSTICS
11900 negative time not invented yet
11901 internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
11902 CAVEATS
11903 SEE ALSO
11904 AUTHORS
11905 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
11906 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
11908 SYNOPSIS
11910 DESCRIPTION
11911 Ambiguous Local Times (DST)
11912 Non-Existent Local Times (DST)
11913 Negative Epoch Values
11914 IMPLEMENTATION
11915 BUGS
11916 SUPPORT
11917 AUTHOR
11918 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
11920 SYNOPSIS
11922 DESCRIPTION
11923 NOTE
11924 AUTHOR
11925 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
11927 function
11928 SYNOPSIS
11930 DESCRIPTION
11931 NOTE
11932 AUTHOR
11933 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
11935 SYNOPSIS
11937 DESCRIPTION
11938 AUTHOR
11939 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
11941 SYNOPSIS
11943 DESCRIPTION
11944 "$obj->isa( TYPE )", "CLASS->isa( TYPE )", "isa( VAL, TYPE )",
11945 "TYPE", $obj, "CLASS", "VAL", "$obj->can( METHOD )", "CLASS->can(
11946 METHOD )", "can( VAL, METHOD )", "VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )"
11947 EXPORTS
11949 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
11951 SYNOPSIS
11953 DESCRIPTION
11954 Constructor and Tailoring
11955 UCA_Version, alternate, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator,
11956 ignoreChar, ignoreName, katakana_before_hiragana, level, nor‐
11957 malization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange,
11958 table, undefChar, undefName, upper_before_lower, variable
11959 Methods for Collation
11961 "@sorted = $Collator->sort(@not_sorted)", "$result = $Colla‐
11962 tor->cmp($a, $b)", "$result = $Collator->eq($a, $b)", "$result
11963 = $Collator->ne($a, $b)", "$result = $Collator->lt($a, $b)",
11964 "$result = $Collator->le($a, $b)", "$result = $Collator->gt($a,
11965 $b)", "$result = $Collator->ge($a, $b)", "$sortKey = $Colla‐
11966 tor->getSortKey($string)", "$sortKeyForm = $Collator->view‐
11967 SortKey($string)"
11968 Methods for Searching
11970 "$position = $Collator->index($string, $substring[, $posi‐
11971 tion])", "($position, $length) = $Collator->index($string,
11972 $substring[, $position])", "$match_ref = $Colla‐
11973 tor->match($string, $substring)", "($match) = $Colla‐
11974 tor->match($string, $substring)", "@match = $Colla‐
11975 tor->gmatch($string, $substring)", "$count = $Colla‐
11976 tor->subst($string, $substring, $replacement)", "$count = $Col‐
11977 lator->gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)"
11978 Other Methods
11980 "%old_tailoring = $Collator->change(%new_tailoring)", "$version
11981 = $Collator->version()", "UCA_Version()", "Base_Unicode_Ver‐
11982 sion()"
11983 EXPORT
11985 INSTALL
11986 CAVEATS
11987 Normalization, Conformance Test
11988 AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
11990 SEE ALSO
11991 Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Colla‐
11992 tion Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA,
11993 Hangul Syllable Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15
11994 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
11996 SYNOPSIS
11998 DESCRIPTION
11999 Normalization Forms
12000 "$NFD_string = NFD($string)", "$NFC_string = NFC($string)",
12001 "$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)", "$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)",
12002 "$FCD_string = FCD($string)", "$FCC_string = FCC($string)",
12003 "$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)"
12004 Decomposition and Composition
12006 "$decomposed_string = decompose($string)", "$decomposed_string
12007 = decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)", "$reordered_string =
12008 reorder($string)", "$composed_string = compose($string)"
12009 Quick Check
12011 "$result = checkNFD($string)", "$result = checkNFC($string)",
12012 "$result = checkNFKD($string)", "$result = checkNFKC($string)",
12013 "$result = checkFCD($string)", "$result = checkFCC($string)",
12014 "$result = check($form_name, $string)"
12015 Character Data
12017 "$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)", "$compatibil‐
12018 ity_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)", "$codepoint_composite
12019 = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)", "$combin‐
12020 ing_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)", "$is_exclusion = isEx‐
12021 clusion($codepoint)", "$is_singleton = isSingleton($code‐
12022 point)", "$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($code‐
12023 point)", "$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($code‐
12024 point)"
12025 EXPORT
12027 CAVEATS
12028 Perl's version vs. Unicode version, Correction of decomposition
12029 mapping, Revised definition of canonical composition
12030 AUTHOR
12032 SEE ALSO
12033 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/, http://www.unicode.org/Pub‐
12034 lic/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt, http://www.uni‐
12035 code.org/Public/UNIDATA/NormalizationCorrections.txt,
12036 http://www.unicode.org/review/pr-29.html, http://www.uni‐
12037 code.org/notes/tn5/
12038 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
12040 SYNOPSIS
12042 DESCRIPTION
12043 charinfo
12044 charblock
12045 charscript
12046 charblocks
12047 charscripts
12048 Blocks versus Scripts
12049 Matching Scripts and Blocks
12050 Code Point Arguments
12051 charinrange
12052 compexcl
12053 casefold
12054 casespec
12055 namedseq()
12056 Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
12057 Implementation Note
12058 BUGS
12059 AUTHOR
12060 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
12062 SYNOPSIS
12064 DESCRIPTION
12065 NOTE
12066 AUTHOR
12067 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
12069 SYNOPSIS
12071 DESCRIPTION
12072 System Specifics
12073 NOTE
12074 AUTHOR
12075 HISTORY
12076 March 18th, 2000
12077 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
12079 VERSION
12081 SYNOPSIS
12082 DESCRIPTION
12083 Migration from "DynaLoader"
12084 Backward compatible boilerplate
12085 Order of initialization: early load()
12086 The most hairy case
12087 DIAGNOSTICS
12088 Can't find '%s' symbol in %s, Can't load '%s' for module %s: %s,
12089 Undefined symbols present after loading %s: %s,
12090 XSLoader::load('Your::Module', $Your::Module::VERSION)
12091 LIMITATIONS
12093 BUGS
12094 SEE ALSO
12095 AUTHORS
12096 COPYRIGHT
12097
12099 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
12100 don't all have manual pages yet:
12101 a2p
12103 c2ph
12104 dprofpp
12105 h2ph
12106 h2xs
12107 perlbug
12108 perldoc
12109 pl2pm
12110 pod2html
12111 pod2man
12112 s2p
12113 splain
12114 xsubpp
12115
12117 Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of other folks.
12118perl v5.8.8 2006-01-07 PERLTOC(1)