1RESOLVER(3) Linux Programmer's Manual RESOLVER(3)
2
6 res_init, res_query, res_search, res_querydomain, res_mkquery,
7 res_send, dn_comp, dn_expand - resolver routines
8
10 #include <netinet/in.h>
11 #include <arpa/nameser.h>
12 #include <resolv.h>
13 extern struct state _res;
14 int res_init(void);
16 int res_query(const char *dname, int class, int type,
18 unsigned char *answer, int anslen);
19 int res_search(const char *dname, int class, int type,
21 unsigned char *answer, int anslen);
22 int res_querydomain(const char *name, const char *domain,
24 int class, int type, unsigned char *answer,
25 int anslen);
26 int res_mkquery(int op, const char *dname, int class,
28 int type, char *data, int datalen, struct rrec *newrr,
29 char *buf, int buflen);
30 int res_send(const char *msg, int msglen, char *answer,
32 int anslen);
33 int dn_comp(unsigned char *exp_dn, unsigned char *comp_dn,
35 int length, unsigned char **dnptrs, unsigned char *exp_dn,
36 unsigned char **lastdnptr);
37 int dn_expand(unsigned char *msg, unsigned char *eomorig,
39 unsigned char *comp_dn, unsigned char *exp_dn,
40 int length);
41 Link with -lresolv.
43
45 These functions make queries to and interpret the responses from Inter‐
46 net domain name servers.
47 The res_init() function reads the configuration files (see
49 resolv.conf(5)) to get the default domain name, search order and name
50 server address(es). If no server is given, the local host is tried.
51 If no domain is given, that associated with the local host is used. It
52 can be overridden with the environment variable LOCALDOMAIN.
53 res_init() is normally executed by the first call to one of the other
54 functions.
55 The res_query() function queries the name server for the fully-quali‐
57 fied domain name name of specified type and class. The reply is left
58 in the buffer answer of length anslen supplied by the caller.
59 The res_search() function makes a query and waits for the response like
61 res_query(), but in addition implements the default and search rules
62 controlled by RES_DEFNAMES and RES_DNSRCH (see description of _res
63 options below).
64 The res_querydomain() function makes a query using res_query() on the
66 concatenation of name and domain.
67 The following functions are lower-level routines used by res_query().
69 The res_mkquery() function constructs a query message in buf of length
71 buflen for the domain name dname. The query type op is usually QUERY,
72 but can be any of the types defined in <arpa/nameser.h>. newrr is cur‐
73 rently unused.
74 The res_send() function sends a pre-formatted query given in msg of
76 length msglen and returns the answer in answer which is of length
77 anslen. It will call res_init(), if it has not already been called.
78 The dn_comp() function compresses the domain name exp_dn and stores it
80 in the buffer comp_dn of length length. The compression uses an array
81 of pointers dnptrs to previously compressed names in the current mes‐
82 sage. The first pointer points to the beginning of the message and the
83 list ends with NULL. The limit of the array is specified by lastdnptr.
84 if dnptr is NULL, domain names are not compressed. If lastdnptr is
85 NULL, the list of labels is not updated.
86 The dn_expand() function expands the compressed domain name comp_dn to
88 a full domain name, which is placed in the buffer exp_dn of size
89 length. The compressed name is contained in a query or reply message,
90 and msg points to the beginning of the message.
91 The resolver routines use global configuration and state information
93 contained in the structure _res, which is defined in <resolv.h>. The
94 only field that is normally manipulated by the user is _res.options.
95 This field can contain the bitwise ``or'' of the following options:
96 RES_INIT
99 True if res_init() has been called.
100 RES_DEBUG
102 Print debugging messages.
103 RES_AAONLY
105 Accept authoritative answers only. res_send() continues until
106 it fins an authoritative answer or returns an error. [Not cur‐
107 rently implemented].
108 RES_USEVC
110 Use TCP connections for queries rather than UDP datagrams.
111 RES_PRIMARY
113 Query primary domain name server only.
114 RES_IGNTC
116 Ignore truncation errors. Don't retry with TCP. [Not currently
117 implemented].
118 RES_RECURSE
120 Set the recursion desired bit in queries. Recursion is carried
121 out by the domain name server, not by res_send(). [Enabled by
122 default].
123 RES_DEFNAMES
125 If set, res_search() will append the default domain name to sin‐
126 gle component names, ie. those that do not contain a dot.
127 [Enabled by default].
128 RES_STAYOPEN
130 Used with RES_USEVC to keep the TCP connection open between
131 queries.
132 RES_DNSRCH
134 If set, res_search() will search for host names in the current
135 domain and in parent domains. This option is used by gethostby‐
136 name(3). [Enabled by default].
137
139 The res_init() function returns 0 on success, or -1 if an error occurs.
140 The res_query(), res_search(), res_querydomain(), res_mkquery() and
142 res_send() functions return the length of the response, or -1 if an
143 error occurs.
144 The dn_comp() and dn_expand() functions return the length of the com‐
146 pressed name, or -1 if an error occurs.
147
149 /etc/resolv.conf resolver configuration file
150 /etc/host.conf resolver configuration file
151
153 4.3BSD
154
156 gethostbyname(3), resolver(5), hostname(7), resolv.conf(5), named(8)
157BSD 2004-10-31 RESOLVER(3)