1STRTOL(P) POSIX Programmer's Manual STRTOL(P)
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6 strtol, strtoll - convert a string to a long integer
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9 #include <stdlib.h>
10 long strtol(const char *restrict str, char **restrict endptr, int
12 base);
13 long long strtoll(const char *restrict str, char **restrict endptr,
14 int base)
15
18 These functions shall convert the initial portion of the string pointed
19 to by str to a type long and long long representation, respectively.
20 First, they decompose the input string into three parts:
21 1. An initial, possibly empty, sequence of white-space characters (as
23 specified by isspace())
24 2. A subject sequence interpreted as an integer represented in some
26 radix determined by the value of base
27 3. A final string of one or more unrecognized characters, including
29 the terminating null byte of the input string.
30 Then they shall attempt to convert the subject sequence to an integer,
32 and return the result.
33 If the value of base is 0, the expected form of the subject sequence is
35 that of a decimal constant, octal constant, or hexadecimal constant,
36 any of which may be preceded by a '+' or '-' sign. A decimal constant
37 begins with a non-zero digit, and consists of a sequence of decimal
38 digits. An octal constant consists of the prefix '0' optionally fol‐
39 lowed by a sequence of the digits '0' to '7' only. A hexadecimal con‐
40 stant consists of the prefix 0x or 0X followed by a sequence of the
41 decimal digits and letters 'a' (or 'A' ) to 'f' (or 'F' ) with values
42 10 to 15 respectively.
43 If the value of base is between 2 and 36, the expected form of the sub‐
45 ject sequence is a sequence of letters and digits representing an inte‐
46 ger with the radix specified by base, optionally preceded by a '+' or
47 '-' sign. The letters from 'a' (or 'A' ) to 'z' (or 'Z' ) inclusive are
48 ascribed the values 10 to 35; only letters whose ascribed values are
49 less than that of base are permitted. If the value of base is 16, the
50 characters 0x or 0X may optionally precede the sequence of letters and
51 digits, following the sign if present.
52 The subject sequence is defined as the longest initial subsequence of
54 the input string, starting with the first non-white-space character
55 that is of the expected form. The subject sequence shall contain no
56 characters if the input string is empty or consists entirely of white-
57 space characters, or if the first non-white-space character is other
58 than a sign or a permissible letter or digit.
59 If the subject sequence has the expected form and the value of base is
61 0, the sequence of characters starting with the first digit shall be
62 interpreted as an integer constant. If the subject sequence has the
63 expected form and the value of base is between 2 and 36, it shall be
64 used as the base for conversion, ascribing to each letter its value as
65 given above. If the subject sequence begins with a minus sign, the
66 value resulting from the conversion shall be negated. A pointer to the
67 final string shall be stored in the object pointed to by endptr, pro‐
68 vided that endptr is not a null pointer.
69 In other than the C or POSIX locales, other implementation-defined
71 subject sequences may be accepted.
72 If the subject sequence is empty or does not have the expected form, no
74 conversion is performed; the value of str is stored in the object
75 pointed to by endptr, provided that endptr is not a null pointer.
76 The strtol() function shall not change the setting of errno if success‐
78 ful.
79 Since 0, {LONG_MIN} or {LLONG_MIN}, and {LONG_MAX} or {LLONG_MAX} are
81 returned on error and are also valid returns on success, an application
82 wishing to check for error situations should set errno to 0, then call
83 strtol() or strtoll(), then check errno.
84
86 Upon successful completion, these functions shall return the converted
87 value, if any. If no conversion could be performed, 0 shall be returned
88 and errno may be set to [EINVAL].
89 If the correct value is outside the range of representable values,
91 {LONG_MIN}, {LONG_MAX}, {LLONG_MIN}, or {LLONG_MAX} shall be returned
92 (according to the sign of the value), and errno set to [ERANGE].
93
95 These functions shall fail if:
96 ERANGE The value to be returned is not representable.
98 These functions may fail if:
101 EINVAL The value of base is not supported.
103 The following sections are informative.
106
108 None.
109
111 None.
112
114 None.
115
117 None.
118
120 isalpha() , scanf() , strtod() , the Base Definitions volume of
121 IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <stdlib.h>
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124 Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
125 from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
126 -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
127 Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
128 Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
129 event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
130 The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
131 is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
132 at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
133IEEE/The Open Group 2003 STRTOL(P)