1cd(1) User Commands cd(1)
2
6 cd, chdir, pushd, popd, dirs - change working directory
7
9 /usr/bin/cd [directory]
10 sh
13 cd [argument]
14 chdir [argument]
17 csh
20 cd [dir]
21 chdir [dir]
24 pushd [+n | dir]
27 popd [+n]
30 dirs [-l]
33 ksh, ksh93
36 cd [-L] [-P] [arg]
37 cd old new
40
43 /usr/bin/cd
44 The /usr/bin/cd utility changes the current directory in the context of
45 the cd utility only. This is in contrast to the version built into the
46 shell. /usr/bin/cd has no effect on the invoking process but can be
47 used to determine whether or not a given directory can be set as the
48 current directory.
49 sh
51 The Bourne shell built-in cd changes the current directory to argument.
52 The shell parameter HOME is the default argument. The shell parameter
53 CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing argument.
54 Alternative directory names are separated by a colon (:). The default
55 path is <null> (specifying the current directory). The current direc‐
56 tory is specified by a null path name, which can appear immediately
57 after the equal sign or between the colon delimiters anywhere else in
58 the path list. If argument begins with `/', `.', or `..', the search
59 path is not used. Otherwise, each directory in the path is searched for
60 argument. cd must have execute (search) permission in argument. Because
61 a new process is created to execute each command, cd would be ineffec‐
62 tive if it were written as a normal command; therefore, it is recog‐
63 nized by and is internal to the shell. (See pwd(1), sh(1), and
64 chdir(2)).
65 chdir is just another way to call cd.
68 csh
70 If dir is not specified, the C shell built-in cd uses the value of
71 shell parameter HOME as the new working directory. If dir specifies a
72 complete path starting with `/', `.', or `..', dir becomes the new
73 working directory. If neither case applies, cd tries to find the desig‐
74 nated directory relative to one of the paths specified by the CDPATH
75 shell variable. CDPATH has the same syntax as, and similar semantics
76 to, the PATH shell variable. cd must have execute (search) permission
77 in dir. Because a new process is created to execute each command, cd
78 would be ineffective if it were written as a normal command; therefore,
79 it is recognized by and is internal to the C-shell. (See pwd(1), sh(1),
80 and chdir(2)).
81 chdir changes the shell's working directory to directory dir. If no
84 argument is given, change to the home directory of the user. If dir is
85 a relative pathname not found in the current directory, check for it in
86 those directories listed in the cdpath variable. If dir is the name of
87 a shell variable whose value starts with a /, change to the directory
88 named by that value.
89 pushd pushes a directory onto the directory stack. With no arguments,
92 exchange the top two elements.
93 +n Rotate the n'th entry to the top of the stack and cd to it.
95 dir Push the current working directory onto the stack and change to
98 dir.
99 popd pops the directory stack and cd to the new top directory. The ele‐
103 ments of the directory stack are numbered from 0 starting at the top.
104 +n Discard the n'th entry in the stack.
106 dirs prints the directory stack, most recent to the left; the first
110 directory shown is the current directory. With the -l argument, produce
111 an unabbreviated printout; use of the ~ notation is suppressed.
112 ksh, ksh93
114 The Korn shell built-in cd command can be in either of two forms. In
115 the first form it changes the current directory to arg. If arg is − the
116 directory is changed to the previous directory. The shell variable HOME
117 is the default arg. The environment variable PWD is set to the current
118 directory. If the PWD is changed, the OLDPWD environment variable shall
119 also be changed to the value of the old working directory, that is, the
120 current working directory immediately prior to the call to change
121 directory (cd). The shell variable CDPATH defines the search path for
122 the directory containing arg. Alternative directory names are separated
123 by a colon (:). The default path is null (specifying the current direc‐
124 tory). The current directory is specified by a null path name, which
125 can appear immediately after the equal sign or between the colon delim‐
126 iters anywhere else in the path list. If arg begins with a `/', `.', or
127 `..', then the search path is not used. Otherwise, each directory in
128 the path is searched for arg. If unsuccessful, cd attempts to change
129 directories to the pathname formed by the concatenation of the value of
130 PWD, a slash character, and arg.
131 -L Handles the operation dot-dot (..) logically. Symbolic link com‐
133 ponents are not resolved before dot-dot components are processed.
134 -P Handles the operand dot-dot physically. Symbolic link components
137 are resolved before dot-dot components are processed.
138 If both -L and -P options are specified, the last option to be invoked
142 is used and the other is ignored. If neither -L nor -P is specified,
143 the operand is handled dot-dot logically.
144 The second form of cd substitutes the string new for the string old in
147 the current directory name, PWD and tries to change to this new direc‐
148 tory.
149 The cd command cannot be executed by rksh. Because a new process is
152 created to execute each command, cd would be ineffective if it were
153 written as a normal command; therefore, it is recognized by and is
154 internal to the Korn shell. (See pwd(1), sh(1), and chdir(2)).
155
157 The following operands are supported:
158 directory An absolute or relative pathname of the directory that
160 becomes the new working directory. The interpretation of a
161 relative pathname by cd depends on the CDPATH environment
162 variable.
163
166 If a non-empty directory name from CDPATH is used, an absolute pathname
167 of the new working directory is written to the standard output as fol‐
168 lows:
169 "%s\n", <new directory>
172 Otherwise, there is no output.
175
177 See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
178 that affect the execution of cd: LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES,
179 and NLSPATH.
180 CDPATH A colon-separated list of pathnames that refer to directo‐
182 ries. If the directory operand does not begin with a slash (
183 / ) character, and the first component is not dot or dot-dot,
184 cd searches for directory relative to each directory named in
185 the CDPATH variable, in the order listed. The new working
186 directory sets to the first matching directory found. An
187 empty string in place of a directory pathname represents the
188 current directory. If CDPATH is not set, it is treated as if
189 it were an empty string.
190 HOME The name of the home directory, used when no directory oper‐
193 and is specified.
194 OLDPWD A pathname of the previous working directory, used by cd-.
197 PWD A pathname of the current working directory, set by cd after
200 it has changed to that directory.
201
204 The following exit values are returned by cd:
205 0 The directory was successfully changed.
207 >0 An error occurred.
210
213 See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
214 csh, ksh, sh
216 ┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
217 │ ATTRIBUTE TYPE │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
218 ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
219 │Availability │SUNWcsu │
220 ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
221 │Interface Stability │Committed │
222 ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
223 │Standard │See standards(5). │
224 └─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
225 ksh93
227 ┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
228 │ ATTRIBUTE TYPE │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
229 ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
230 │Availability │SUNWcsu │
231 ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
232 │Interface Stability │Uncommitted │
233 └─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
234
236 csh(1), ksh(1), ksh93(1), pwd(1), sh(1), chdir(2), attributes(5), envi‐
237 ron(5), standards(5)
238SunOS 5.11 8 Apr 2008 cd(1)