1join(1) User Commands join(1)
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6 join - relational database operator
7
9 join [-a filenumber | -v filenumber] [-1 fieldnumber]
10 [-2 fieldnumber] [-o list] [-e string] [-t char] file1 file2
11 join [-a filenumber] [-j fieldnumber] [-j1 fieldnumber]
14 [-j2 fieldnumber] [-o list] [-e string] [-t char] file1 file2
15
18 The join command forms, on the standard output, a join of the two rela‐
19 tions specified by the lines of file1 and file2.
20 There is one line in the output for each pair of lines in file1 and
23 file2 that have identical join fields. The output line normally con‐
24 sists of the common field, then the rest of the line from file1, then
25 the rest of the line from file2. This format can be changed by using
26 the -o option (see below). The -a option can be used to add unmatched
27 lines to the output. The -v option can be used to output only unmatched
28 lines.
29 The default input field separators are blank, tab, or new-line. In this
32 case, multiple separators count as one field separator, and leading
33 separators are ignored. The default output field separator is a blank.
34 If the input files are not in the appropriate collating sequence, the
37 results are unspecified.
38
40 Some of the options below use the argument filenumber. This argument
41 should be a 1 or a 2 referring to either file1 or file2, respectively.
42 -a filenumber In addition to the normal output, produce a line
44 for each unpairable line in file filenumber, where
45 filenumber is 1 or 2. If both -a 1 and -a 2 are
46 specified, all unpairable lines will be output.
47 -e string Replace empty output fields in the list selected by
50 option -o with the string string.
51 -j fieldnumber Equivalent to -1fieldnumber -2fieldnumber.
54 -j1 fieldnumber Equivalent to -1fieldnumber.
57 -j2 fieldnumber Equivalent to -2fieldnumber. Fields are numbered
60 starting with 1.
61 -o list Each output line includes the fields specified in
64 list. Fields selected by list that do not appear in
65 the input will be treated as empty output fields.
66 (See the -e option.) Each element of which has the
67 either the form filenumber.fieldnumber, or 0, which
68 represents the join field. The common field is not
69 printed unless specifically requested.
70 -t char Use character char as a separator. Every appearance
73 of char in a line is significant. The character
74 char is used as the field separator for both input
75 and output. With this option specified, the collat‐
76 ing term should be the same as sort without the -b
77 option.
78 -v filenumber Instead of the default output, produce a line only
81 for each unpairable line in filenumber, where
82 filenumber is 1 or 2. If both -v 1 and -v 2 are
83 specified, all unpairable lines will be output.
84 -1 fieldnumber Join on the fieldnumberth field of file 1. Fields
87 are decimal integers starting with 1.
88 -2fieldnumber Join on the fieldnumberth field of file 2. Fields
91 are decimal integers starting with 1.
92
95 The following operands are supported:
96 file1
98 file2 A path name of a file to be joined. If either of the file1 or
101 file2 operands is −, the standard input is used in its place.
102 file1 and file2 must be sorted in increasing collating sequence as
106 determined by LC_COLLATE on the fields on which they are to be joined,
107 normally the first in each line (see sort(1)).
108
110 See largefile(5) for the description of the behavior of join when
111 encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte (2^31 bytes).
112
114 Example 1 Joining the password file and group file
115 The following command line will join the password file and the group
118 file, matching on the numeric group ID, and outputting the login name,
119 the group name and the login directory. It is assumed that the files
120 have been sorted in ASCII collating sequence on the group ID fields.
121 example% join -j1 4-j2 3 -o 1.1 2.1 1.6 -t:/etc/passwd /etc/group
124 Example 2 Using the -o option
128 The -o 0 field essentially selects the union of the join fields. For
131 example, given file phone:
132 !Name Phone Number
135 Don +1 123-456-7890
136 Hal +1 234-567-8901
137 Yasushi +2 345-678-9012
138 and file fax:
143 !Name Fax Number
146 Don +1 123-456-7899
148 Keith +1 456-789-0122
150 Yasushi +2 345-678-9011
152 where the large expanses of white space are meant to each represent a
157 single tab character), the command:
158 example% join -t"tab" -a 1 -a 2 -e '(unknown)' -o 0,1.2,2.2 phone fax
161 would produce
166 !Name Phone Number Fax Number
169 Don +1 123-456-7890 +1 123-456-7899
170 Hal +1 234-567-8901 (unknown
171 Keith (unknown) +1 456-789-012
172 Yasushi +2 345-678-9012 +2 345-678-9011
173
177 See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
178 that affect the execution of join: LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES,
179 LC_COLLATE, and NLSPATH.
180
182 The following exit values are returned:
183 0 All input files were output successfully.
185 >0 An error occurred.
188
191 See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
192 ┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
197 │ ATTRIBUTE TYPE │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
198 ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
199 │Availability │SUNWcsu │
200 ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
201 │CSI │Enabled │
202 ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
203 │Interface Stability │Standard │
204 └─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
205
207 awk(1), comm(1), sort(1), uniq(1), attributes(5), environ(5), large‐
208 file(5), standards(5)
209
211 With default field separation, the collating sequence is that of sort
212 -b; with -t, the sequence is that of a plain sort.
213 The conventions of the join, sort, comm, uniq, and awk commands are
216 wildly incongruous.
217SunOS 5.11 8 Feb 2000 join(1)