1sendmail(1M) System Administration Commands sendmail(1M)
2
6 sendmail - send mail over the internet
7
9 /usr/lib/sendmail [-Ac] [-Am] [-ba] [-bD] [-bd] [-bi] [-bl]
10 [-bm] [-bp] [-bP] [-bs] [-bt] [-bv] [-B type] [-C file]
11 [-D logfile] [-d X] [-F fullname] [-f name] [-G]
12 [-h N] [-L tag] [-M xvalue] [-N notifications] [-n]
13 [-Ooption =value] [-o xvalue] [-p protocol]
14 [-Q [reason]] [-q [time]] [-q Xstring] [-R ret]
15 [-r name] [-t] [-V envid] [-v] [-X logfile]
16 [address]...
17
20 The sendmail utility sends a message to one or more people, routing the
21 message over whatever networks are necessary. sendmail does internet‐
22 work forwarding as necessary to deliver the message to the correct
23 place.
24 sendmail is not intended as a user interface routine. Other programs
27 provide user-friendly front ends. sendmail is used only to deliver pre-
28 formatted messages.
29 With no flags, sendmail reads its standard input up to an EOF, or a
32 line with a single dot, and sends a copy of the letter found there to
33 all of the addresses listed. It determines the network to use based on
34 the syntax and contents of the addresses.
35 Local addresses are looked up in the local aliases(4) file, or in a
38 name service as defined by the nsswitch.conf(4) file, and aliased
39 appropriately. In addition, if there is a .forward file in a recipi‐
40 ent's home directory, sendmail forwards a copy of each message to the
41 list of recipients that file contains. Refer to the NOTES section for
42 more information about .forward files. Aliasing can be prevented by
43 preceding the address with a backslash.
44 There are several conditions under which the expected behavior is for
47 the alias database to be either built or rebuilt. This cannot occur
48 under any circumstances unless root owns and has exclusive write per‐
49 mission to the /etc/mail/aliases* files.
50 If a message is found to be undeliverable, it is returned to the sender
53 with diagnostics that indicate the location and nature of the failure;
54 or, the message is placed in a dead.letter file in the sender's home
55 directory.
56 Service Management
58 The sendmail service is managed by the service management facility,
59 smf(5), under the service identifiers:
60 svc:/network/smtp:sendmail
62 svc:/network/sendmail-client:default
63 Administrative actions on these services, such as enabling, disabling,
69 or requesting restart, can be performed using svcadm(1M). The services'
70 status can be queried using the svcs(1) command.
71 These are separate services rather than instances of the same service
74 so that other services can properly express any dependencies. In par‐
75 ticular, here are some guidelines about which service/instance should
76 be depended on for which purposes:
77 o For a service that uses sendmail to send mail, an optional
79 dependency on the service svc:/network/sendmail-client might
80 be in order.
81 o For a service that needs to receive mail in general, but
83 does not depend on sendmail being the particular SMTP
84 receiver, a dependency on the service svc:/network/smtp
85 might be in order.
86 o For a service that needs to interact with sendmail in par‐
88 ticular, such as a Milter, a dependency on the instance
89 svc:/network/smtp:sendmail might be in order.
90 For the last two, note the difference, as the latter has the ":send‐
93 mail" instance specification, whereas the former does not, thus repre‐
94 senting the more general service.
95 Enabling Access to Remote Clients
97 On an unmodified system, access to sendmail by remote clients is
98 enabled and disabled through the service management facility (see
99 smf(5)). In particular, remote access is determined by the value of the
100 local_only SMF property:
101 svc:/network/smtp:sendmail/config/local_only = true
103 A setting of true, as above, disallows remote access; false allows
107 remote access. The default value is true.
108 The following example shows the sequence of SMF commands used to enable
111 sendmail to allow access to remote systems:
112 # svccfg -s svc:/network/smtp:sendmail setprop config/local_only = false
114 # svcadm refresh svc:/network/smtp:sendmail
115 # svcadm restart svc:/network/smtp:sendmail
116 See svcadm(1M) and svccfg(1M).
121 Note, however, on a system where any of the sendmail(4) files have been
124 customized, setting this property might not have the intended effect.
125 See sendmail(4) for details.
126 Automated Rebuilding of Configuration Files
128 See sendmail(4) for details on which service properties can be set to
129 automate (re)building of configuration files when the service is
130 started.
131 Restricting Host Access
133 sendmail uses TCP Wrappers to restrict access to hosts. It uses the
134 service name of sendmail for hosts_access(). For more information on
135 TCP Wrappers, see tcpd(1M) and hosts_access(4) in the SUNWtcpd package.
136 tcpd(1M) and hosts_access(4) are not part of the Solaris man pages.
137 Startup Options
139 The /etc/default/sendmail file stores startup options for sendmail so
140 that the options are not removed when a host is upgraded. See also
141 sendmail(4) for details on which service properties can be set to auto‐
142 mate (re)building of configuration files when the service is started.
143 You can use the following variables in the /etc/default/sendmail
146 startup file:
147 CLIENTOPTIONS=string
149 Selects additional options to be used with the client daemon, which
151 looks in the client-only queue (/var/spool/clientmqueue) and acts
152 as a client queue runner. No syntax checking is done, so be careful
153 when making changes to this variable.
154 CLIENTQUEUEINTERVAL=#
157 Similar to the QUEUEINTERVAL option, CLIENTQUEUEINTERVAL sets the
159 time interval for mail queue runs. However, the CLIENTQUEUEINTERVAL
160 option controls the functions of the client daemon, instead of the
161 functions of the master daemon. Typically, the master daemon is
162 able to deliver all messages to the SMTP port. However, if the mes‐
163 sage load is too high or the master daemon is not running, then
164 messages go into the client-only queue, /var/spool/clientmqueue.
165 The client daemon, which checks in the client-only queue, then acts
166 as a client queue processor.
167 ETRN_HOSTS=string
170 Enables an SMTP client and server to interact immediately without
172 waiting for the queue run intervals, which are periodic. The server
173 can immediately deliver the portion of its queue that goes to the
174 specified hosts. For more information, refer to the etrn(1M) man
175 page.
176 MODE=-bd
179 Selects the mode to start sendmail with. Use the -bd option or
181 leave it undefined.
182 OPTIONS=string
185 Selects additional options to be used with the master daemon. No
187 syntax checking is done, so be careful when making changes to this
188 variable.
189 QUEUEINTERVAL=#
192 Sets the interval for mail queue runs on the master daemon. # can
194 be a positive integer that is followed by either s for seconds, m
195 for minutes, h for hours, d for days, or w for weeks. The syntax is
196 checked before sendmail is started. If the interval is negative or
197 if the entry does not end with an appropriate letter, the interval
198 is ignored and sendmail starts with a queue interval of 15 minutes.
199 QUEUEOPTIONS=p
202 Enables one persistent queue runner that sleeps between queue run
204 intervals, instead of a new queue runner for each queue run inter‐
205 val. You can set this option to p, which is the only setting avail‐
206 able. Otherwise, this option is not set.
207 Mail Filter API
210 sendmail supports a mail filter API called "milter". For more informa‐
211 tion, see /usr/include/libmilter/README and http://www.milter.org
212
214 The following options are supported:
215 -Ac
217 Uses submit.cf even if the operation mode does not indicate an ini‐
219 tial mail submission.
220 -Am
223 Uses sendmail.cf even if the operation mode indicates an initial
225 mail submission.
226 -ba
229 Goes into ARPANET mode. All input lines must end with a RETURN-
231 LINEFEED, and all messages are generated with a RETURN-LINEFEED at
232 the end. Also, the From: and Sender: fields are examined for the
233 name of the sender.
234 -bd
237 Runs as a daemon in the background, waiting for incoming SMTP con‐
239 nections.
240 -bD
243 Runs as a daemon in the foreground, waiting for incoming SMTP con‐
245 nections.
246 -bi
249 Initializes the aliases(4) database. Root must own and have exclu‐
251 sive write permission to the /etc/mail/aliases* files for success‐
252 ful use of this option.
253 -bl
256 Runs as a daemon (like -bd) but accepts only loopback SMTP connec‐
258 tions.
259 -bm
262 Delivers mail in the usual way (default).
264 -bp
267 Prints a summary of the mail queues.
269 -bP
272 Prints the number of entries in the queues. This option is only
274 available with shared memory support.
275 -bs
278 Uses the SMTP protocol as described in RFC 2821. This flag implies
280 all the operations of the -ba flag that are compatible with SMTP.
281 -bt
284 Runs in address test mode. This mode reads addresses and shows the
286 steps in parsing; it is used for debugging configuration tables.
287 -bv
290 Verifies names only. Does not try to collect or deliver a message.
292 Verify mode is normally used for validating users or mailing lists.
293 -B type
296 Indicates body type (7BIT or 8BITMIME).
298 -C file
301 Uses alternate configuration file.
303 -D logfile
306 Send debugging output to the indicated log file instead of stdout.
308 -d X
311 Sets debugging value to X.
313 -f name
316 Sets the name of the "from" person (that is, the sender of the
318 mail).
319 -F fullname
322 Sets the full name of the sender.
324 -G
327 When accepting messages by way of the command line, indicates that
329 they are for relay (gateway) submission. When this flag is set,
330 sendmail might complain about syntactically invalid messages, for
331 example, unqualified host names, rather than fixing them. sendmail
332 does not do any canonicalization in this mode.
333 -h N
336 Sets the hop count to N. The hop count is incremented every time
338 the mail is processed. When it reaches a limit, the mail is
339 returned with an error message, the victim of an aliasing loop.
340 -L tag
343 Sets the identifier used in syslog messages to the supplied tag.
345 -Mxvalue
348 Sets macro x to the specified value.
350 -n
353 Does not do aliasing.
355 -N notifications
358 Tags all addresses being sent as wanting the indicated notifica‐
360 tions, which consists of the word "NEVER" or a comma-separated list
361 of "SUCCESS", "FAILURE", and "DELAY" for successful delivery, fail‐
362 ure and a message that is stuck in a queue somwhere. The default is
363 "FAILURE,DELAY".
364 -oxvalue
367 Sets option x to the specified value. Processing Options are
369 described below.
370 -Ooption=value
373 Sets option to the specified value (for long from names). Process‐
375 ing Options are described below.
376 -p protocol
379 Sets the sending protocol. The protocol field can be in form proto‐
381 col:host to set both the sending protocol and the sending host. For
382 example: -pUUCP:uunet sets the sending protocol to UUCP and the
383 sending host to uunet. Some existing programs use -oM to set the r
384 and s macros; this is equivalent to using -p.
385 -q[time]
388 Processes saved messages in the queue at given intervals. If time
390 is omitted, processes the queue once. time is given as a tagged
391 number, where s is seconds, m is minutes, h is hours, d is days,
392 and w is weeks. For example, -q1h30m or -q90m would both set the
393 timeout to one hour thirty minutes.
394 By default, sendmail runs in the background. This option can be
396 used safely with -bd.
397 -qp[time-]
400 Similar to -q[time], except that instead of periodically forking a
402 child to process the queue, sendmail forks a single persistent
403 child for each queue that alternates between processing the queue
404 and sleeping. The sleep time (time) is specified as the argument;
405 it defaults to 1 second. The process always sleeps at least 5 sec‐
406 onds if the queue was empty in the previous queue run.
407 -qf
410 Processes saved messages in the queue once and does not fork(2),
412 but runs in the foreground.
413 -qG name
416 Processes jobs in queue group called name only.
418 -q[!]I substr
421 Limits processed jobs to those containing substr as a substring of
423 the queue ID or not when ! is specified.
424 -q[!]Q substr
427 Limits processed jobs to those quarantined jobs containing substr
429 as a substring of the quarantine reason or not when ! is specified.
430 -q[!]R substr
433 Limits processed jobs to those containing substr as a substring of
435 one of the recipients or not when ! is specified.
436 -q[!]S substr
439 Limits processed jobs to those containing substr as a substring of
441 the sender or not when ! is specified.
442 -Q[reason]
445 Quarantines a normal queue item with the given reason or unquaran‐
447 tines a quarantined queue item if no reason is given. This should
448 only be used with some sort of item matching as described above.
449 -r name
452 An alternate and obsolete form of the -f flag.
454 -R ret
457 Identifies the information you want returned if the message
459 bounces. ret can be HDRS for headers only or FULL for headers plus
460 body.
461 -t
464 Reads message for recipients. To:,Cc:, and Bcc: lines are scanned
466 for people to send to. The Bcc: line is deleted before transmis‐
467 sion. Any addresses in the argument list is suppressed. The NoRe‐
468 cipientAction Processing Option can be used to change the behavior
469 when no legal recipients are included in the message.
470 -v
473 Goes into verbose mode. Alias expansions are announced, and so
475 forth.
476 -V envid
479 The indicated envid is passed with the envelope of the message and
481 returned if the message bounces.
482 -X logfile
485 Logs all traffic in and out of sendmail in the indicated logfile
487 for debugging mailer problems. This produces a lot of data very
488 quickly and should be used sparingly.
489 Processing Options
492 There are a number of "random" options that can be set from a configu‐
493 ration file. Options are represented by a single character or by multi‐
494 ple character names. The syntax for the single character names of is:
495 Oxvalue
497 This sets option x to be value. Depending on the option, value may be a
502 string, an integer, a boolean (with legal values t, T, f, or F; the
503 default is TRUE), or a time interval.
504 The multiple character or long names use this syntax:
507 O Longname=argument
509 This sets the option Longname to be argument. The long names are bene‐
514 ficial because they are easier to interpret than the single character
515 names.
516 Not all processing options have single character names associated with
519 them. In the list below, the multiple character name is presented first
520 followed by the single character syntax enclosed in parentheses.
521 AliasFile (Afile)
523 Specifies possible alias files.
525 AliasWait (a N)
528 If set, waits up to N minutes for an "@:@" entry to exist in the
530 aliases(4) database before starting up. If it does not appear in N
531 minutes, issues a warning. Defaults to 10 minutes.
532 AllowBogusHELO
535 Allows a HELO SMTP command that does not include a host name. By
537 default this option is disabled.
538 BadRcptThrottle=N
541 If set and more than the specified number of recipients in a single
543 SMTP envelope are rejected, sleeps for one second after each
544 rejected RCPT command.
545 BlankSub (Bc)
548 Sets the blank substitution character to c. Unquoted spaces in
550 addresses are replaced by this character. Defaults to SPACE (that
551 is, no change is made).
552 CACertFile
555 File containing one CA cert.
557 CACertPath
560 Path to directory with certs of CAs.
562 CheckAliases (n)
565 Validates the RHS of aliases when rebuilding the aliases(4) data‐
567 base.
568 CheckpointInterval (CN)
571 Checkpoints the queue every N (default 10) addresses sent. If your
573 system crashes during delivery to a large list, this prevents
574 retransmission to any but the last N recipients.
575 ClassFactor (zfact)
578 The indicated factor fact is multiplied by the message class
580 (determined by the Precedence: field in the user header and the P
581 lines in the configuration file) and subtracted from the priority.
582 Thus, messages with a higher Priority: are favored. Defaults to
583 1800.
584 ClientCertFile
587 File containing the cert of the client, that is, this cert is used
589 when sendmail acts as client.
590 ClientKeyFile
593 File containing the private key belonging to the client cert.
595 ClientPortOptions
598 Sets client SMTP options. The options are key=value pairs. Known
600 keys are:
601 Addr Address Mask
603 Address Mask defaults to INADDR_ANY. The address mask can be a
605 numeric address in dot notation or a network name.
606 Family
609 Address family (defaults to INET).
611 Listen
614 Size of listen queue (defaults to 10).
616 Port
619 Name/number of listening port (defaults to smtp).
621 RcvBufSize
624 The size of the TCP/IP receive buffer.
626 SndBufSize
629 The size of the TCP/IP send buffer.
631 Modifier
634 Options (flags) for the daemon. Can be:
636 h
638 Uses name of interface for HELO command.
640 If h is set, the name corresponding to the outgoing interface
642 address (whether chosen by means of the Connection parameter or
643 the default) is used for the HELO/EHLO command.
644 ColonOkInAddr
648 If set, colons are treated as a regular character in addresses. If
650 not set, they are treated as the introducer to the RFC 822 "group"
651 syntax. This option is on for version 5 and lower configuration
652 files.
653 ConnectionCacheSize (kN)
656 The maximum number of open connections that are to be cached at a
658 time. The default is 1. This delays closing the current connection
659 until either this invocation of sendmail needs to connect to
660 another host or it terminates. Setting it to 0 defaults to the old
661 behavior, that is, connections are closed immediately.
662 ConnectionCacheTimeout (Ktimeout)
665 The maximum amount of time a cached connection is permitted to idle
667 without activity. If this time is exceeded, the connection is imme‐
668 diately closed. This value should be small (on the order of ten
669 minutes). Before sendmail uses a cached connection, it always sends
670 a NOOP (no operation) command to check the connection. If the NOOP
671 command fails, it reopens the connection. This keeps your end from
672 failing if the other end times out. The point of this option is to
673 be a good network neighbor and avoid using up excessive resources
674 on the other end. The default is five minutes.
675 ConnectionRateThrottle
678 The maximum number of connections permitted per second. After this
680 many connections are accepted, further connections are delayed. If
681 not set or <= 0, there is no limit.
682 ConnectionRateWindowSize
685 Define the length of the interval for which the number of incoming
687 connections is maintained. The default is 60 seconds.
688 ControlSocketName
691 Name of the control socket for daemon management. A running send‐
693 mail daemon can be controlled through this Unix domain socket.
694 Available commands are: help, restart, shutdown, and status. The
695 status command returns the current number of daemon children, the
696 free disk space (in blocks) of the queue directory, and the load
697 average of the machine expressed as an integer. If not set, no con‐
698 trol socket is available. For the sake of security, this Unix
699 domain socket must be in a directory which is accessible only by
700 root; /var/spool/mqueue/.smcontrol is recommended for the socket
701 name.
702 CRLFile
705 File containing certificate revocation status, useful for X.509v3
707 authentication.
708 DaemonPortOptions (Ooptions)
711 Sets server SMTP options. The options are key=value pairs. Known
713 keys are:
714 Name
716 User-definable name for the daemon (defaults to "Daemon#").
718 Used for error messages and logging.
719 Addr
722 Address mask (defaults INADDR_ANY).
724 The address mask may be a numeric address in dot notation or a
726 network name.
727 Family
730 Address family (defaults to INET).
732 InputMailFilters
735 List of input mail filters for the daemon.
737 Listen
740 Size of listen queue (defaults to 10).
742 Modifier
745 Options (flags) for the daemon; can be a sequence (without any
747 delimiters) of:
748 a
750 Requires authentication.
752 b
755 Binds to interface through which mail has been received.
757 c
760 Performs hostname canonification (.cf).
762 f
765 Requires fully qualified hostname (.cf).
767 h
770 Uses name of interface for HELO command.
772 u
775 Allows unqualified addresses (.cf).
777 C
780 Does not perform hostname canonification.
782 E
785 Disallows ETRN (see RFC 2476).
787 Name
791 User-definable name for the daemon (defaults to Daemon#). Used
793 for error messages and logging.
794 Port
797 Name/number of listening port (defaults to smtp).
799 ReceiveSize
802 The size of the TCP/IP receive buffer.
804 SendSize
807 The size of the TCP/IP send buffer.
809 children
812 Maximum number of children per daemon. See MaxDaemonChildren.
814 DeliveryMode
817 Delivery mode per daemon. See DeliveryMode.
819 refuseLA
822 RefuseLA per daemon.
824 delayLA
827 DelayLA per daemon.
829 queueLA
832 QueueLA per daemon.
834 sendmail listens on a new socket for each occurrence of the Daemon‐
836 PortOptions option in a configuration file.
837 DataFileBufferSize
840 Sets the threshold, in bytes, before a memory-bases queue data file
842 becomes disk-based. The default is 4096 bytes.
843 DeadLetterDrop
846 Defines the location of the system-wide dead.letter file, formerly
848 hard-coded to /var/tmp/dead.letter. If this option is not set (the
849 default), sendmail does not attempt to save to a system-wide
850 dead.letter file in the event it cannot bounce the mail to the user
851 or postmaster. Instead, it renames the qf file as it has in the
852 past when the dead.letter file could not be opened.
853 DefaultCharSet
856 Sets the default character set to use when converting unlabeled 8
858 bit input to MIME.
859 DefaultUser (ggid) or (uuid)
862 Sets the default group ID for mailers to run in to gid or set the
864 default userid for mailers to uid. Defaults to 1. The value can
865 also be given as a symbolic group or user name.
866 DelayLA=LA
869 When the system load average exceeds LA, sendmail sleeps for one
871 second on most SMTP commands and before accepting connections.
872 DeliverByMin=time
875 Sets minimum time for Deliver By SMTP Service Extension (RFC 2852).
877 If 0, no time is listed, if less than 0, the extension is not
878 offered, if greater than 0, it is listed as minimum time for the
879 EHLO keyword DELIVERBY.
880 DeliveryMode (dx)
883 Delivers in mode x. Legal modes are:
885 i
887 Delivers interactively (synchronously).
889 b
892 Delivers in background (asynchronously).
894 d
897 Deferred mode. Database lookups are deferred until the actual
899 queue run.
900 q
903 Just queues the message (delivers during queue run).
905 Defaults to b if no option is specified, i if it is specified but
907 given no argument (that is, Od is equivalent to Odi).
908 DHParameters
911 File containing the DH parameters.
913 DialDelay
916 If a connection fails, waits this many seconds and tries again.
918 Zero means "do not retry".
919 DontBlameSendmail
922 If set, overrides the file safety checks. This compromises system
924 security and should not be used. See http://www.send‐
925 mail.org/tips/DontBlameSendmail.html for more information.
926 DontExpandCnames
929 If set, $[ ... $] lookups that do DNS-based lookups do not expand
931 CNAME records.
932 DontInitGroups
935 If set, the initgroups(3C) routine is never invoked. If you set
937 this, agents run on behalf of users only have their primary
938 (/etc/passwd) group permissions.
939 DontProbeInterfaces
942 If set, sendmail does not insert the names and addresses of any
944 local interfaces into the $=w class. If set, you must also include
945 support for these addresses, otherwise mail to addresses in this
946 list bounces with a configuration error.
947 DontPruneRoutes (R)
950 If set, does not prune route-addr syntax addresses to the minimum
952 possible.
953 DoubleBounceAddress
956 If an error occurs when sending an error message, sends that "dou‐
958 ble bounce" error message to this address.
959 EightBitMode (8)
962 Uses 8-bit data handling. This option requires one of the following
964 keys. The key can selected by using just the first character, but
965 using the full word is better for clarity.
966 mimify
968 Does any necessary conversion of 8BITMIME to 7-bit.
970 pass
973 Passes unlabeled 8-bit input through as is.
975 strict
978 Rejects unlabeled 8-bit input.
980 ErrorHeader (Efile/message)
984 Appends error messages with the indicated message. If it begins
986 with a slash, it is assumed to be the pathname of a file containing
987 a message (this is the recommended setting). Otherwise, it is a
988 literal message. The error file might contain the name, email
989 address, and/or phone number of a local postmaster who could pro‐
990 vide assistance to end users. If the option is missing or NULL, or
991 if it names a file which does not exist or which is not readable,
992 no message is printed.
993 ErrorMode (ex)
996 Disposes of errors using mode x. The values for x are:
998 e
1000 Mails back errors and gives 0 exit status always.
1002 m
1005 Mails back errors.
1007 p
1010 Prints error messages (default).
1012 q
1015 No messages, just gives exit status.
1017 w
1020 Writes back errors (mail if user not logged in).
1022 FallbackMXhost (Vfallbackhost)
1026 If specified, the fallbackhost acts like a very low priority MX on
1028 every host. This is intended to be used by sites with poor network
1029 connectivity.
1030 FallBackSmartHost
1033 If specified, the fallBackSmartHost is used in a last-ditch effort
1035 for each host. This is intended to be used by sites with "fake
1036 internal DNS". That is, a company whose DNS accurately reflects the
1037 world inside that company's domain but not outside.
1038 FastSplit
1041 If set to a value greater than zero (the default is one), it sup‐
1043 presses the MX lookups on addresses when they are initially sorted,
1044 that is, for the first delivery attempt. This usually results in
1045 faster envelope splitting unless the MX records are readily avail‐
1046 able in a local DNS cache. To enforce initial sorting based on MX
1047 records set FastSplit to zero. If the mail is submitted directly
1048 from the command line, then the value also limits the number of
1049 processes to deliver the envelopes; if more envelopes are created
1050 they are only queued up and must be taken care of by a queue run.
1051 Since the default submission method is by way of SMTP (either from
1052 a MUA or by way of the Message Submission Program [MSP]), the value
1053 of FastSplit is seldom used to limit the number of processes to
1054 deliver the envelopes.
1055 ForkEachJob (Y)
1058 If set, delivers each job that is run from the queue in a separate
1060 process. Use this option if you are short of memory, since the
1061 default tends to consume considerable amounts of memory while the
1062 queue is being processed.
1063 ForwardPath (Jpath)
1066 Sets the path for searching for users' .forward files. The default
1068 is $z/.forward. Some sites that use the automounter may prefer to
1069 change this to /var/forward/$u to search a file with the same name
1070 as the user in a system directory. It can also be set to a sequence
1071 of paths separated by colons; sendmail stops at the first file it
1072 can successfully and safely open. For example, /var/for‐
1073 ward/$u:$z/.forward searches first in /var/forward/ username and
1074 then in ~username/.forward (but only if the first file does not
1075 exist). Refer to the NOTES section for more information.
1076 HeloName=name
1079 Sets the name to be used for HELO/EHLO (instead of $j).
1081 HelpFile (Hfile)
1084 Specifies the help file for SMTP.
1086 HoldExpensive (c)
1089 If an outgoing mailer is marked as being expensive, does not con‐
1091 nect immediately.
1092 HostsFile
1095 Sets the file to use when doing "file" type access of host names.
1097 HostStatusDirectory
1100 If set, host status is kept on disk between sendmail runs in the
1102 named directory tree. If a full path is not used, then the path is
1103 interpreted relative to the queue directory.
1104 IgnoreDots (i)
1107 Ignores dots in incoming messages. This is always disabled (that
1109 is, dots are always accepted) when reading SMTP mail.
1110 LogLevel (Ln)
1113 Sets the default log level to n. Defaults to 9.
1115 (Mxvalue)
1118 Sets the macro x to value. This is intended only for use from the
1120 command line.
1121 MailboxDatabase
1124 Type of lookup to find information about local mail boxes, defaults
1126 to pw which uses getpwnam(3C). Other types can be introduced by
1127 adding them to the source code, see libsm/mbdb.c for details.
1128 MatchGECOS (G)
1131 Tries to match recipient names using the GECOS field. This allows
1133 for mail to be delivered using names defined in the GECOS field in
1134 /etc/passwd as well as the login name.
1135 MaxDaemonChildren
1138 The maximum number of children the daemon permits. After this num‐
1140 ber, connections are rejected. If not set or <=0, there is no
1141 limit.
1142 MaxHopCount (hN)
1145 The maximum hop count. Messages that have been processed more than
1147 N times are assumed to be in a loop and are rejected. Defaults to
1148 25.
1149 MaxMessageSize
1152 The maximum size of messages that are accepted (in bytes).
1154 MaxMimeHeaderLength=M[/N]
1157 Sets the maximum length of certain MIME header field values to M
1159 characters. For some of these headers which take parameters, the
1160 maximum length of each parameter is set to N if specified. If /N is
1161 not specified, one half of M is used. By default, these values are
1162 0, meaning no checks are done.
1163 MaxNOOPCommands=N
1166 Overrides the default of 20 for the number of useless commands.
1168 MaxQueueChildren=N
1171 When set, this limits the number of concurrent queue runner pro‐
1173 cesses to N. This helps to control the amount of system resources
1174 used when processing the queue. When there are multiple queue
1175 groups defined and the total number of queue runners for these
1176 queue groups would exceed MaxQueueChildren then the queue groups
1177 are not all run concurrently. That is, some portion of the queue
1178 groups run concurrently such that MaxQueueChildren is not be
1179 exceeded, while the remaining queue groups are run later (in round
1180 robin order). See MaxRunnersPerQueue.
1181 MaxQueueRunSize
1184 If set, limits the maximum size of any given queue run to this num‐
1186 ber of entries. This stops reading the queue directory after this
1187 number of entries is reached; job priority is not used. If not set,
1188 there is no limit.
1189 MaxRunnersPerQueue=N
1192 This sets the default maximum number of queue runners for queue
1194 groups. Up to N queue runners work in parallel on a queue group's
1195 messages. This is useful where the processing of a message in the
1196 queue might delay the processing of subsequent messages. Such a
1197 delay can be the result of non-erroneous situations such as a low
1198 bandwidth connection. The can be overridden on a per queue group
1199 basis by setting the Runners option. The default is 1 when not set.
1200 MeToo (M)
1203 Sends to me too, even if I am in an alias expansion.
1205 MaxRecipientsPerMessage
1208 If set, allows no more than the specified number of recipients in
1210 an SMTP envelope. Further recipients receive a 452 error code and
1211 are deferred for the next delivery attempt.
1212 MinFreeBlocks (bN/M)
1215 Insists on at least N blocks free on the file system that holds the
1217 queue files before accepting email by way of SMTP. If there is
1218 insufficient space, sendmail gives a 452 response to the MAIL com‐
1219 mand. This invites the sender to try again later. The optional M is
1220 a maximum message size advertised in the ESMTP EHLO response. It is
1221 currently otherwise unused.
1222 MinQueueAge
1225 Specifies the amount of time a job must sit in the queue between
1227 queue runs. This allows you to set the queue run interval low for
1228 better responsiveness without trying all jobs in each run. The
1229 default value is 0.
1230 MustQuoteChars
1233 Specifies the characters to be quoted in a full name phrase.
1235 &,;:\()[] are quoted automatically.
1236 NiceQueueRun
1239 Specifies the priority of queue runners. See nice(1).
1241 NoRecipientAction
1244 Sets action if there are no legal recipient files in the message.
1246 The legal values are:
1247 add-apparently-to
1249 Adds an Apparently-to: header with all the known recipients
1251 (which may expose blind recipients).
1252 add-bcc
1255 Adds an empty Bcc: header.
1257 add-to
1260 Adds a To: header with all the known recipients (which may
1262 expose blind recipients).
1263 add-to-undisclosed
1266 Adds a To: undisclosed-recipients: header.
1268 none
1271 Does nothing, that is, leaves the message as it is.
1273 OldStyleHeaders (o)
1277 Assumes that the headers may be in old format, that is, spaces
1279 delimit names. This actually turns on an adaptive algorithm: if any
1280 recipient address contains a comma, parenthesis, or angle bracket,
1281 it is assumed that commas already exist. If this flag is not on,
1282 only commas delimit names. Headers are always output with commas
1283 between the names.
1284 OperatorChars or $o
1287 Defines the list of characters that can be used to separate the
1289 components of an address into tokens.
1290 PidFile
1293 Specifies the filename of the pid file. The default is
1295 /var/run/sendmail.pid. The filename is macro-expanded before it is
1296 opened, and unlinked when sendmail exits.
1297 PostmasterCopy (Ppostmaster)
1300 If set, copies of error messages are sent to the named postmaster.
1302 Only the header of the failed message is sent. Since most errors
1303 are user problems, this is probably not a good idea on large sites,
1304 and arguably contains all sorts of privacy violations, but it seems
1305 to be popular with certain operating systems vendors.
1306 PrivacyOptions (popt,opt,...)
1309 Sets privacy options. Privacy is really a misnomer; many of these
1311 options are just a way of insisting on stricter adherence to the
1312 SMTP protocol.
1313 The goaway pseudo-flag sets all flags except noreceipts, restrict‐
1315 mailq, restrictqrun, restrictexpand, noetrn, and nobodyreturn. If
1316 mailq is restricted, only people in the same group as the queue
1317 directory can print the queue. If queue runs are restricted, only
1318 root and the owner of the queue directory can run the queue. The
1319 restrict-expand pseudo-flag instructs sendmail to drop privileges
1320 when the -bv option is given by users who are neither root nor the
1321 TrustedUser so users cannot read private aliases, forwards, or
1322 :include: files. It adds the NonRootSafeAddr to the "DontBlame-
1323 Sendmail" option to prevent misleading unsafe address warnings. It
1324 also overrides the -v (verbose) command line option to prevent
1325 information leakage. Authentication Warnings add warnings about
1326 various conditions that may indicate attempts to fool the mail sys‐
1327 tem, such as using an non-standard queue directory.
1328 The options can be selected from:
1330 authwarnings
1332 Puts X-Authentication-Warning: headers in messages.
1334 goaway
1337 Disallows essentially all SMTP status queries.
1339 needexpnhelo
1342 Insists on HELO or EHLO command before EXPN.
1344 needmailhelo
1347 Insists on HELO or EHLO command before MAIL.
1349 needvrfyhelo
1352 Insists on HELO or EHLO command before VRFY.
1354 noactualrecipient
1357 Do not put an X-Actual-Recipient line in a DNS that reveals the
1359 actual account to which an address is mapped.
1360 noetrn
1363 Disallows ETRN entirely.
1365 noexpn
1368 Disallows EXPN entirely.
1370 noreceipts
1373 Prevents return receipts.
1375 nobodyreturn
1378 Does not return the body of a message with DSNs.
1380 novrfy
1383 Disallows VRFY entirely.
1385 public
1388 Allows open access.
1390 restrictexpand
1393 Restricts -bv and -v command line flags.
1395 restrictmailq
1398 Restricts mailq command.
1400 restrictqrun
1403 Restricts -q command line flag.
1405 ProcessTitlePrefix string
1409 Prefixes the process title shown on "/usr/ucb/ps auxww" listings
1411 with string. The string is macro processed.
1412 QueueDirectory (Qdir)
1415 Uses the named dir as the queue directory.
1417 QueueFactor (qfactor)
1420 Uses factor as the multiplier in the map function to decide when to
1422 just queue up jobs rather than run them. This value is divided by
1423 the difference between the current load average and the load aver‐
1424 age limit (x flag) to determine the maximum message priority to be
1425 sent. Defaults to 600000.
1426 QueueFileMode=mode
1429 Defaults permissions for queue files (octal). If not set, sendmail
1431 uses 0600 unless its real and effective uid are different in which
1432 case it uses 0644.
1433 QueueLA (xLA)
1436 When the system load average exceeds LA, just queues messages (that
1438 is, does not try to send them). Defaults to eight times the number
1439 of processors online when sendmail starts.
1440 QueueSortOrder=algorithm
1443 Sets the algorithm used for sorting the queue. Only the first char‐
1445 acter of the value is used. Legal values are host (to order by the
1446 name of the first host name of the first recipient), filename (to
1447 order by the name of the queue file name), time (to order by the
1448 submission/creation time), random (to order randomly), modification
1449 (to order by the modification time of the qf file (older entries
1450 first)), none (to not order), and priority (to order by message
1451 priority). Host ordering makes better use of the connection cache,
1452 but may tend to process low priority messages that go to a single
1453 host over high priority messages that go to several hosts; it prob‐
1454 ably shouldn't be used on slow network links. Filename and modifi‐
1455 cation time ordering saves the overhead of reading all of the
1456 queued items before starting the queue run. Creation (submission)
1457 time ordering is almost always a bad idea, since it allows large,
1458 bulk mail to go out before smaller, personal mail, but may have
1459 applicability on some hosts with very fast connections. Random is
1460 useful if several queue runners are started by hand which try to
1461 drain the same queue since odds are they are working on different
1462 parts of the queue at the same time. Priority ordering is the
1463 default.
1464 QueueTimeout (Trtime/wtime)
1467 Sets the queue timeout to rtime. After this interval, messages that
1469 have not been successfully sent are returned to the sender.
1470 Defaults to five days (5d). The optional wtime is the time after
1471 which a warning message is sent. If it is missing or 0, then no
1472 warning messages are sent.
1473 RandFile
1476 File containing random data (use prefix file:) or the name of the
1478 UNIX socket if EGD is used (use prefix egd:). Note that Solaris
1479 supports random(7D), so this does not need to be specified.
1480 RecipientFactor (yfact)
1483 The indicated factor fact is added to the priority (thus lowering
1485 the priority of the job) for each recipient, that is, this value
1486 penalizes jobs with large numbers of recipients. Defaults to 30000.
1487 RefuseLA (XLA)
1490 When the system load average exceeds LA, refuses incoming SMTP con‐
1492 nections. Defaults to 12 times the number of processors online when
1493 sendmail starts.
1494 RejectLogInterval
1497 Log interval when refusing connections for this long (default: 3h).
1499 ResolverOptions (I)
1502 Tunes DNS lookups.
1504 RetryFactor (Zfact)
1507 The indicated factor fact is added to the priority every time a job
1509 is processed. Thus, each time a job is processed, its priority is
1510 decreased by the indicated value. In most environments this should
1511 be positive, since hosts that are down are all too often down for a
1512 long time. Defaults to 90000.
1513 RrtImpliesDsn
1516 If this option is set, a Return-Receipt-To: header causes the
1518 request of a DSN, which is sent to the envelope sender as required
1519 by RFC 1891, not to the address given in the header.
1520 RunAsUser
1523 If set, becomes this user when reading and delivering mail.
1525 Intended for use of firewalls where users do not have accounts.
1526 SafeFileEnvironment
1529 If set, sendmail does a chroot into this directory before writing
1531 files.
1532 SaveFromLine (f)
1535 Saves Unix-style From lines at the front of headers. Normally they
1537 are assumed redundant and discarded.
1538 SendMimeErrors (j)
1541 If set, sends error messages in MIME format (see RFC 2045 and RFC
1543 1344 for details). If disabled, sendmail does not return the DSN
1544 keyword in response to an EHLO and does not do Delivery Status
1545 Notification processing as described in RFC 1891.
1546 ServerCertFile
1549 File containing the cert of the server, that is, this cert is used
1551 when sendmail acts as server.
1552 ServerKeyFile
1555 File containing the private key belonging to the server cert.
1557 ServiceSwitchFile
1560 Defines the path to the service-switch file. Since the service-
1562 switch file is defined in the Solaris operating environment this
1563 option is ignored.
1564 SevenBitInput (7)
1567 Strips input to seven bits for compatibility with old systems. This
1569 should not be necessary.
1570 SharedMemoryKey
1573 Specifies key to use for shared memory segment. If not set (or 0),
1575 shared memory is not be used. If this option is set, sendmail can
1576 share some data between different instances. For example, the num‐
1577 ber of entries in a queue directory or the available space in a
1578 file system. This allows for more efficient program execution,
1579 since only one process needs to update the data instead of each
1580 individual process gathering the data each time it is required.
1581 SharedMemoryKeyFile=file
1584 If SharedMemoryKeyFile is set to -1, the automatically selected
1586 shared memory key will be stored in the specified file.
1587 SingleLineFromHeader
1590 If set, From: lines that have embedded newlines are unwrapped onto
1592 one line.
1593 SingleThreadDelivery
1596 If this option and the HostStatusDirectory option are both set,
1598 uses single thread deliveries to other hosts.
1599 SmtpGreetingMessage or $e
1602 Specifies the initial SMTP greeting message.
1604 SoftBounce
1607 If set, issue temporary errors (4xy) instead of permanent errors
1609 (5xy). This can be useful during testing of a new configuration to
1610 avoid erroneous bouncing of mail.
1611 StatusFile (Sfile)
1614 Logs statistics in the named file. By default, this is
1616 /etc/mail/sendmail.st. As root, you must touch(1) this file to
1617 enable mailstats(1).
1618 SuperSafe (s)
1621 This option can be set to True, False, Interactive, or PostMilter.
1623 If set to True, sendmail is set to super-safe when running things,
1624 that is, always instantiate the queue file, even if you are going
1625 to attempt immediate delivery. sendmail always instantiates the
1626 queue file before returning control to the client under any circum‐
1627 stances. This should really always be set to True. The Interactive
1628 value has been introduced in 8.12 and can be used together with
1629 DeliveryMode=i. It skips some synchronization calls which are
1630 effectively doubled in the code execution path for this mode. If
1631 set to PostMilter, sendmail defers synchronizing the queue file
1632 until any milters have signaled acceptance of the message. PostMil‐
1633 ter is useful only when sendmail is running as an SMTP server; in
1634 all other situations it acts the same as True.
1635 TempFileMode (Fmode)
1638 Specifies the file mode for queue files.
1640 Timeout (rtimeouts)
1643 Timeout reads after time interval. The timeouts argument is a list
1645 of keyword=value pairs. All but command apply to client SMTP. For
1646 backward compatibility, a timeout with no keyword= part is set all
1647 of the longer values. The recognized timeouts and their default
1648 values, and their minimum values specified in RFC 1123 section
1649 5.3.2 are:
1650 aconnect
1652 all connections for a single delivery attempt [0, unspecified]
1654 command
1657 command read [1h, 5m]
1659 connect
1662 initial connect [0, unspecified]
1664 control
1667 complete control socket transaction [2m, none]
1669 datablock
1672 data block read [1h, 3m]
1674 datafinal
1677 reply to final . in data [1h, 10m]
1679 datainit
1682 reply to DATA command [5m, 2m]
1684 fileopen
1687 file open [60sec, none]
1689 helo
1692 reply to HELO or EHLO command [5m, none]
1694 hoststatus
1697 host retry [30m, unspecified]
1699 iconnect
1702 first attempt to connect to a host [0, unspecified]
1704 ident
1707 IDENT protocol timeout [5s, none]
1709 initial
1712 wait for initial greeting message [5m, 5m]
1714 lhlo
1717 wait for reply to an LMTP LHLO command [2m, unspecified]
1719 mail
1722 reply to MAIL command [10m, 5m]
1724 misc
1727 reply to NOOP and VERB commands [2m, none]
1729 queuereturn
1732 undeliverable message returned [5d]
1734 queuewarn
1737 deferred warning [4h]
1739 quit
1742 reply to QUIT command [2m, none]
1744 rcpt
1747 reply to RCPT command [1h, 5m]
1749 resolver.retrans
1752 Resolver's retransmission time interval (in seconds) [varies].
1754 Sets both Timeout.resolver.retrans.first and Time‐
1755 out.resolver.retrans.normal.
1756 resolver.retrans.first
1759 Resolver's retransmission time interval (in seconds) for the
1761 first attempt to deliver a message [varies].
1762 resolver.retrans.normal
1765 Resolver's retransmission time interval (in seconds) for all
1767 look-ups except the first delivery attempt [varies].
1768 resolver.retry
1771 Number of times to retransmit a resolver query [varies]. Sets
1773 both Timeout.resolver.retry.first and Time‐
1774 out.resolver.retry.normal.
1775 resolver.retry.first
1778 Number of times to retransmit a resolver query for the first
1780 attempt to deliver a message [varies].
1781 resolver.retry.normal
1784 Number of times to retransmit a resolver query for all look-ups
1786 except the first delivery attempt [varies].
1787 rset
1790 reply to RSET command [5m, none]
1792 starttls
1795 response to an SMTP STARTTLS command [1h]
1797 TimeZoneSpec (ttzinfo)
1801 Sets the local time zone info to tzinfo, for example, "PST8PDT".
1803 Actually, if this is not set, the TZ environment variable is
1804 cleared (so the system default is used); if set but null, the
1805 user's TZ variable is used, and if set and non-null, the TZ vari‐
1806 able is set to this value.
1807 TLSSrvOptions
1810 If this option is 'V', then no client verification is per‐
1812 formed,that is, the server does not ask for a certificate.
1813 TrustedUser
1816 The user parameter can be a user name (looked up in the passwd map)
1818 or a numeric user id. Trusted user for file ownership and starting
1819 the daemon. If set, generated alias databases and the control
1820 socket (if configured) are automatically owned by this user.
1821 TryNullMXList (w)
1824 If you are the "best" (that is, lowest preference) MX for a given
1826 host, you should normally detect this situation and treat that con‐
1827 dition specially, by forwarding the mail to a UUCP feed, treating
1828 it as local, or whatever. However, in some cases (such as Internet
1829 firewalls) you may want to try to connect directly to that host as
1830 though it had no MX records at all. Setting this option causes
1831 sendmail to try this. The downside is that errors in your configu‐
1832 ration are likely to be diagnosed as "host unknown" or "message
1833 timed out" instead of something more meaningful. This option is
1834 deprecated.
1835 UnixFromLine or $l
1838 The "From " line used when sending to files or programs.
1840 UnsafeGroupWrites
1843 If set, group-writable :include: and .forward files are considered
1845 "unsafe", that is, programs and files cannot be directly referenced
1846 from such files.
1847 UseErrorsTo (l)
1850 If there is an Errors-To: header, sends error messages to the
1852 addresses listed there. They normally go to the envelope sender.
1853 Use of this option causes sendmail to violate RFC 1123. This option
1854 is not recommended and deprecated.
1855 UseMSP
1858 Uses as mail submission program, that is, allows group writable
1860 queue files if the group is the same as that of a set-group-id
1861 sendmail binary.
1862 UserDatabaseSpec (U)
1865 Defines the name and location of the file containing User Database
1867 information.
1868 Verbose (v)
1871 Runs in verbose mode. If this is set, sendmail adjusts the HoldEx‐
1873 pensive and DeliveryMode options so that all mail is delivered com‐
1874 pletely in a single job so that you can see the entire delivery
1875 process. The Verbose option should never be set in the configura‐
1876 tion file; it is intended for command line use only.
1877 XscriptFileBufferSize
1880 Sets the threshold, in bytes, before a memory-bases queue tran‐
1882 script file becomes disk-based. The default is 4096 bytes.
1883 If the first character of the user name is a vertical bar, the rest of
1887 the user name is used as the name of a program to pipe the mail to. It
1888 may be necessary to quote the name of the user to keep sendmail from
1889 suppressing the blanks from between arguments.
1890 If invoked as newaliases, sendmail rebuilds the alias database, so long
1893 as the /etc/mail/aliases* files are owned by root and root has exclu‐
1894 sive write permission. If invoked as mailq, sendmail prints the con‐
1895 tents of the mail queue.
1896
1898 address
1899 address of an intended recipient of the message being sent.
1901
1904 See largefile(5) for the description of the behavior of sendmail when
1905 encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2^31 bytes).
1906
1908 sendmail returns an exit status describing what it did. The codes are
1909 defined in /usr/include/sysexits.h.
1910 EX_OK
1912 Successful completion on all addresses.
1914 EX_NOUSER
1917 User name not recognized.
1919 EX_UNAVAILABLE
1922 Catchall. Necessary resources were not available.
1924 EX_SYNTAX
1927 Syntax error in address.
1929 EX_SOFTWARE
1932 Internal software error, including bad arguments.
1934 EX_OSERR
1937 Temporary operating system error, such as "cannot fork".
1939 EX_NOHOST
1942 Host name not recognized.
1944 EX_TEMPFAIL
1947 Message could not be sent immediately, but was queued.
1949
1952 No environment variables are used. However, sendmail's start-up script,
1953 invoked by svcadm(1M), reads /etc/default/sendmail. In this file, if
1954 the variable ETRN_HOSTS is set, the start-up script parses this vari‐
1955 able and invokes etrn(1M) appropriately. ETRN_HOSTS should be of the
1956 form:
1957 "s1:c1.1,c1.2 s2:c2.1 s3:c3.1,c3.2,c3.3"
1959 That is, white-space separated groups of server:client where client can
1964 be one or more comma-separated names. The :client part is optional.
1965 server is the name of the server to prod; a mail queue run is requested
1966 for each client name. This is comparable to running:
1967 /usr/lib/sendmail -qR client
1969 on the host server.
1974
1976 dead.letter
1977 Unmailable text
1979 /etc/default/sendmail
1982 Contains default settings. You can override some of the settings by
1984 command line options.
1985 /etc/mail/aliases
1988 Mail aliases file (ASCII)
1990 /etc/mail/aliases.db
1993 Database of mail aliases (binary)
1995 /etc/mail/aliases.dir
1998 Database of mail aliases (binary)
2000 /etc/mail/aliases.pag
2003 Database of mail aliases (binary)
2005 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
2008 Defines environment for sendmail
2010 /etc/mail/submit.cf
2013 Defines environment for MSP
2015 /etc/mail/trusted-users
2018 Lists users that are "trusted", that is, able to set their envelope
2020 from address using -f without generating a warning message. Note
2021 that this file is consulted by the default sendmail.cf, but not by
2022 the default submit.cf, in which the line referring to
2023 /etc/mail/trusted-users is commented out. See sendmail(4) for
2024 instructions on making changes to submit.cf and sendmail.cf.
2025 /var/spool/clientmqueue/*
2028 Temporary files and queued mail
2030 /var/spool/mqueue/*
2033 Temporary files and queued mail
2035 ~/.forward
2038 List of recipients for forwarding messages
2040 /usr/include/libmilter/README
2043 Describes the steps needed to compile and run a filter
2045
2048 See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
2049 ┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
2054 │ ATTRIBUTE TYPE │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
2055 ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
2056 │Availability │SUNWsndmu │
2057 └─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
2058
2060 svcs(1), biff(1B), mail(1), mailq(1), mailx(1), nice(1), check-host‐
2061 name(1M), check-permissions(1M), etrn(1M), newaliases(1M), svcadm(1M),
2062 svccfg(1M), fork(2), getpwnam(3C), getusershell(3C), resolver(3RESOLV),
2063 aliases(4), hosts(4), sendmail(4), shells(4), attributes(5), large‐
2064 file(5), smf(5), random(7D)
2065 tcpd(1M), hosts_access(4) in the SUNWtcpd package.
2068 RFC 2821 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, John Klensin, April 2001.
2071 RFC 2822 Internet Message Format, Pete Resnick, April 2001.
2074 sendmail, Third Edition, Bryan Costales with Eric Allman, O'Reilly &
2077 Associates, Inc., 2003.
2078 http://www.sendmail.org
2081 http://www.milter.org
2084
2086 The sendmail program requires a fully qualified host name when start‐
2087 ing. A script has been included to help verify if the host name is
2088 defined properly (see check-hostname(1M)).
2089 The permissions and the ownership of several directories have been
2092 changed in order to increase security. In particular, access to
2093 /etc/mail and /var/spool/mqueue has been restricted.
2094 Security restrictions have been placed users using .forward files to
2097 pipe mail to a program or redirect mail to a file. The default shell
2098 (as listed in /etc/passwd) of these users must be listed in
2099 /etc/shells. This restriction does not affect mail that is being redi‐
2100 rected to another alias.
2101 Additional restrictions have been put in place on .forward and
2104 :include: files. These files and the directory structure that they are
2105 placed in cannot be group- or world-writable. See check-permis‐
2106 sions(1M).
2107 If you have interfaces that map to domains that have MX records that
2110 point to non-local destinations, you might need to enable the Dont‐
2111 ProbeInterfaces option to enable delivery to those destinations. In its
2112 default startup behavior, sendmail probes each interface and adds an
2113 interface's IP addresses, as well as any domains that those addresses
2114 map to, to its list of domains that are considered local. For domains
2115 thus added, being on the list of local domains is equivalent to having
2116 a 0-preference MX record, with localhost as the MX value. If this is
2117 not the result you want, enable DontProbeInterfaces.
2118SunOS 5.11 25 Feb 2009 sendmail(1M)