1XPR(1) General Commands Manual XPR(1)
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6 xpr - print an X window dump
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9 xpr [ -device devtype ] [ -scale scale ] [ -height inches ] [ -width
10 inches ] [ -left inches ] [ -top inches ] [ -header string ] [ -trailer
11 string ] [ -landscape ] [ -portrait ] [ -plane number ] [ -gray ] [ -rv
12 ] [ -compact ] [ -output filename ] [ -append filename ] [ -noff ] [
13 -split n ] [ -psfig ] [ -density dpi ] [ -cutoff level ] [ -noposition
14 ] [ -gamma correction ] [ -render algorithm ] [ -slide ] [ filename ]
15
17 xpr takes as input a window dump file produced by xwd(1) and formats it
18 for output on PostScript printers, the Digital LN03 or LA100, the IBM
19 PP3812 page printer, the HP LaserJet (or other PCL printers), or the HP
20 PaintJet. If no file argument is given, the standard input is used.
21 By default, xpr prints the largest possible representation of the win‐
22 dow on the output page. Options allow the user to add headers and
23 trailers, specify margins, adjust the scale and orientation, and append
24 multiple window dumps to a single output file. Output is to standard
25 output unless -output is specified.
26 Command Options
28 -device devtype
31 Specifies the device on which the file will be printed. Cur‐
32 rently supported:
33 la100 Digital LA100
34 ljet HP LaserJet series and other monochrome PCL devices
35 such as ThinkJet, QuietJet, RuggedWriter, HP2560
36 series, and HP2930 series printers
37 ln03 Digital LN03
38 pjet HP PaintJet (color mode)
39 pjetxl HP HP PaintJet XL Color Graphics Printer (color
40 mode)
41 pp IBM PP3812
42 ps PostScript printer
43 The default is PostScript. -device lw (LaserWriter) is equiva‐
45 lent to -device ps and is provided only for backwards compati‐
46 bility.
47 -scale scale
49 Affects the size of the window on the page. The PostScript,
50 LN03, and HP printers are able to translate each bit in a window
51 pixel map into a grid of a specified size. For example each bit
52 might translate into a 3x3 grid. This would be specified by
53 -scale 3. By default a window is printed with the largest scale
54 that will fit onto the page for the specified orientation.
55 -height inches
57 Specifies the maximum height of the page.
58 -width inches
60 Specifies the maximum width of the page.
61 -left inches
63 Specifies the left margin in inches. Fractions are allowed. By
64 default the window is centered in the page.
65 -top inches
67 Specifies the top margin for the picture in inches. Fractions
68 are allowed.
69 -header string
71 Specifies a header string to be printed above the window.
72 -trailer string
74 Specifies a trailer string to be printed below the window.
75 -landscape
77 Forces the window to printed in landscape mode. By default a
78 window is printed such that its longest side follows the long
79 side of the paper.
80 -plane number
82 Specifies which bit plane to use in an image. The default is to
83 use the entire image and map values into black and white based
84 on color intensities.
85 -gray 2 | 3 | 4
87 Uses a simple 2x2, 3x3, or 4x4 gray scale conversion on a color
88 image, rather than mapping to strictly black and white. This
89 doubles, triples, or quadruples the effective width and height
90 of the image.
91 -portrait
93 Forces the window to be printed in portrait mode. By default a
94 window is printed such that its longest side follows the long
95 side of the paper.
96 -rv Forces the window to be printed in reverse video.
98 -compact
100 Uses simple run-length encoding for compact representation of
101 windows with lots of white pixels.
102 -output filename
104 Specifies an output file name. If this option is not specified,
105 standard output is used.
106 -append filename
108 Specifies a filename previously produced by xpr to which the
109 window is to be appended.
110 -noff When specified in conjunction with -append, the window will
112 appear on the same page as the previous window.
113 -split n
115 This option allows the user to split a window onto several
116 pages. This might be necessary for very large windows that
117 would otherwise cause the printer to overload and print the page
118 in an obscure manner.
119 -psfig Suppress translation of the PostScript picture to the center of
121 the page.
122 -density dpi
124 Indicates what dot-per-inch density should be used by the HP
125 printer.
126 -cutoff level
128 Changes the intensity level where colors are mapped to either
129 black or white for monochrome output on a LaserJet printer. The
130 level is expressed as percentage of full brightness. Fractions
131 are allowed.
132 -noposition
134 This option causes header, trailer, and image positioning com‐
135 mand generation to be bypassed for LaserJet, PaintJet and Paint‐
136 Jet XL printers.
137 -gamma correction
139 This changes the intensity of the colors printed by PaintJet XL
140 printer. The correction is a floating point value in the range
141 0.00 to 3.00. Consult the operator's manual to determine the
142 correct value for the specific printer.
143 -render algorithm
145 This allows PaintJet XL printer to render the image with the
146 best quality versus performance tradeoff. Consult the opera‐
147 tor's manual to determine which algorithms are available.
148 -slide This option allows overhead transparencies to be printed using
150 the PaintJet and PaintJet XL printers.
151
154 xwd(1), xwud(1), X(1)
155
157 The current version of xpr can generally print out on the LN03 most X
158 windows that are not larger than two-thirds of the screen. For exam‐
159 ple, it will be able to print out a large Emacs window, but it will
160 usually fail when trying to print out the entire screen. The LN03 has
161 memory limitations that can cause it to incorrectly print very large or
162 complex windows. The two most common errors encountered are ``band too
163 complex'' and ``page memory exceeded.'' In the first case, a window
164 may have a particular six pixel row that contains too many changes
165 (from black to white to black). This will cause the printer to drop
166 part of the line and possibly parts of the rest of the page. The
167 printer will flash the number `1' on its front panel when this problem
168 occurs. A possible solution to this problem is to increase the scale
169 of the picture, or to split the picture onto two or more pages. The
170 second problem, ``page memory exceeded,'' will occur if the picture
171 contains too much black, or if the picture contains complex half-tones
172 such as the background color of a display. When this problem occurs
173 the printer will automatically split the picture into two or more
174 pages. It may flash the number `5' on its from panel. There is no
175 easy solution to this problem. It will probably be necessary to either
176 cut and paste, or to rework the application to produce a less complex
177 picture.
178 There are several limitations on the LA100 support: the picture will
180 always be printed in portrait mode, there is no scaling, and the aspect
181 ratio will be slightly off.
182 Support for PostScript output currently cannot handle the -append,
184 -noff or -split options.
185 The -compact option is only supported for PostScript output. It com‐
187 presses white space but not black space, so it is not useful for
188 reverse-video windows.
189 For color images, should map directly to PostScript image support.
191
194 If no -density is specified on the command line 300 dots per inch will
195 be assumed for ljet and 90 dots per inch for pjet. Allowable density
196 values for a LaserJet printer are 300, 150, 100, and 75 dots per inch.
197 Consult the operator's manual to determine densities supported by other
198 printers.
199 If no -scale is specified the image will be expanded to fit the print‐
201 able page area.
202 The default printable page area is 8x10.5 inches. Other paper sizes can
204 be accommodated using the -height and -width options.
205 Note that a 1024x768 image fits the default printable area when pro‐
207 cessed at 100 dpi with scale=1, the same image can also be printed
208 using 300 dpi with scale=3 but will require considerably more data be
209 transferred to the printer.
210 xpr may be tailored for use with monochrome PCL printers other than the
212 LaserJet. To print on a ThinkJet (HP2225A) xpr could be invoked as:
213 xpr -density 96 -width 6.667 filename
215 or for black-and-white output to a PaintJet:
217 xpr -density 180 filename
219 The monochrome intensity of a pixel is computed as 0.30*R + 0.59*G +
221 0.11*B. If a pixel's computed intensity is less than the -cutoff level
222 it will print as white. This maps light-on-dark display images to
223 black-on-white hardcopy. The default cutoff intensity is 50% of full
224 brightness. Example: specifying -cutoff 87.5 moves the white/black
225 intensity point to 87.5% of full brightness.
226 A LaserJet printer must be configured with sufficient memory to handle
228 the image. For a full page at 300 dots per inch approximately 2MB of
229 printer memory is required.
230 Color images are produced on the PaintJet at 90 dots per inch. The
232 PaintJet is limited to sixteen colors from its 330 color palette on
233 each horizontal print line. xpr will issue a warning message if more
234 than sixteen colors are encountered on a line. xpr will program the
235 PaintJet for the first sixteen colors encountered on each line and use
236 the nearest matching programmed value for other colors present on the
237 line.
238 Specifying the -rv, reverse video, option for the PaintJet will cause
240 black and white to be interchanged on the output image. No other col‐
241 ors are changed.
242 Multiplane images must be recorded by xwd in ZPixmap format. Single
244 plane (monochrome) images may be in either XYPixmap or ZPixmap format.
245 Some PCL printers do not recognize image positioning commands. Output
247 for these printers will not be centered on the page and header and
248 trailer strings may not appear where expected.
249 The -gamma and -render options are supported only on the PaintJet XL
251 printers.
252 The -slide option is not supported for LaserJet printers.
254 The -split option is not supported for HP printers.
256 The -gray option is not supported for HP or IBM printers.
258 Copyright 1986, Marvin Solomon and the University of Wisconsin.
259 Copyright 1988, Hewlett Packard Company.
260 See X(1) for a full statement of rights and permissions.
261
263 Michael R. Gretzinger, MIT Project Athena, Jose Capo, MIT Project
264 Athena (PP3812 support), Marvin Solomon, University of Wisconsin, Bob
265 Scheifler, MIT, Angela Bock and E. Mike Durbin, Rich Inc. (grayscale),
266 Larry Rupp, HP (HP printer support).
267X Version 11 Release 6 XPR(1)