1GROFF_MM(7) Miscellaneous Information Manual GROFF_MM(7)
2
6 groff_mm - groff mm macros
7
9 groff -mm [ options... ] [ files... ]
10
12 The groff mm macros are intended to be compatible with the DWB mm
13 macros with the following limitations:
14 · No Bell Labs localisms are implemented.
16 · The macros OK and PM are not implemented.
18 · groff mm does not support cut marks.
20 mm is intended to support easy localization. Use mmse as an example
22 how to adapt the output format to a national standard. Localized
23 strings are collected in the file
24 ‘/usr/share/groff/1.22.3/tmac/xx.tmac’, where xx denotes the two-letter
25 code for the language, as defined in the ISO 639 standard. For
26 Swedish, this is ‘sv.tmac’ – not ‘se’, which is the ISO 3166 two-letter
27 code for the country (as used for the output format localization).
28 A file called locale or country_locale is read after the initialization
30 of the global variables. It is therefore possible to localize the
31 macros with a different company name and so on.
32 In this manual, square brackets are used to show optional arguments.
34 Number registers and strings
36 Many macros can be controlled by number registers and strings. A num‐
37 ber register is assigned with the nr command:
38 .nr XXX [±]n [i]
40 XXX is the name of the register, n is the value to be assigned, and
42 i is the increment value for auto-increment. n can have a plus or
43 minus sign as a prefix if an increment or decrement of the current
44 value is wanted. (Auto-increment or auto-decrement occurs if the num‐
45 ber register is used with a plus or minus sign, \n+[XXX] or \n-[XXX].)
46 Strings are defined with ds.
48 .ds YYY string
50 The string is assigned everything to the end of the line, even blanks.
53 Initial blanks in string should be prefixed with a double-quote.
54 (Strings are used in the text as \*[YYY].)
55 Special formatting of number registers
57 A number register is printed with normal digits if no format has been
58 given. Set the format with af:
59 .af R c
61 R is the name of the register, c is the format.
63 Form Sequence
65 1 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
66 001 000, 001, 002, 003, ...
68 i 0, i, ii, iii, iv, ...
69 I 0, I, II, III, IV, ...
70 a 0, a, b, c, ..., z, aa, ab, ...
71 A 0, A, B, C, ..., Z, AA, AB, ...
72 Fonts
74 In mm, the fonts (or rather, font styles) R (normal), I (italic), and
75 B (bold) are hardwired to font positions 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
76 Internally, font positions are used for backwards compatibility. From
77 a practical point of view it doesn't make a big difference – a differ‐
78 ent font family can still be selected with a call to the .fam request
79 or using groff's -f command line option. On the other hand, if you
80 want to replace just, say, font B, you have to replace the font at
81 position 2 (with a call to ‘.fp 2 ...’).
82 Macros
84 )E level text
85 Add heading text text to the table of contents with level, which
86 is either 0 or in the range 1 to 7. See also .H. This macro is
87 used for customized tables of contents.
88 1C [1] Begin one-column processing. A 1 as an argument disables the
90 page break. Use wide footnotes, small footnotes may be over‐
91 printed.
92 2C Begin two-column processing. Splits the page in two columns.
94 It is a special case of MC. See also 1C.
95 AE Abstract end, see AS.
97 AF [name-of-firm]
99 Author's firm, should be called before AU, see also COVER.
100 AL [type [text-indent [1]]]
102 Start auto-increment list. Items are numbered beginning with
103 one. The type argument controls the format of numbers.
104 Arg Description
106 1 Arabic (the default)
107 A Upper-case letters (A–Z)
108 a Lower-case letters (a–z)
109 I Upper-case roman
110 i Lower-case roman
111 text-indent sets the indentation and overrides Li. A third
113 argument prohibits printing of a blank line before each item.
114 APP name text
116 Begin an appendix with name name. Automatic naming occurs if
117 name is "". The appendices start with A if automatic naming is
118 used. A new page is ejected, and a header is also produced if
119 the number variable Aph is non-zero. This is the default. The
120 appendix always appears in the ‘List of contents’ with correct
121 page numbers. The name ‘APPENDIX’ can be changed by setting the
122 string App to the desired text. The string Apptxt contains the
123 current appendix text.
124 APPSK name pages text
126 Same as .APP, but the page number is incremented with pages.
127 This is used when diagrams or other non-formatted documents are
128 included as appendices.
129 AS [arg [indent]]
131 Abstract start. Indentation is specified in ‘ens’, but scaling
132 is allowed. Argument arg controls where the abstract is
133 printed.
134 Arg Placement
136 0 Abstract is printed on page 1 and on the cover sheet if
137 used in the released-paper style (MT 4), otherwise it is
138 printed on page 1 without a cover sheet.
139 1 Abstract is only printed on the cover sheet (MT 4 only).
140 2 Abstract is printed only on the cover sheet (other than MT
141 4 only). The cover sheet is printed without a need for
142 CS.
143 An abstract is not printed at all in external letters (MT 5).
145 The indent parameter controls the indentation of both margins,
146 otherwise normal text indentation is used.
147 AST [title]
149 Abstract title. Default is ‘ABSTRACT’. Sets the text above the
150 abstract text.
151 AT title1 [title2 [...]]
153 Author's title. AT must appear just after each AU. The title
154 shows up after the name in the signature block.
155 AU [name [initials [loc [dept [ext [room [arg [arg [arg]]]]]]]]]
157 Author information. Specifies the author of the memo or paper,
158 and is printed on the cover sheet and on other similar places.
159 AU must not appear before TL. The author information can con‐
160 tain initials, location, department, telephone extension, room
161 number or name and up to three extra arguments.
162 AV [name [1]]
164 Approval signature. Generates an approval line with place for
165 signature and date. The string ‘APPROVED:’ can be changed with
166 variable Letapp; it is replaced with an empty lin if there is a
167 second argument. The string ‘Date’ can be changed with variable
168 Letdate.
169 AVL [name]
171 Letter signature. Generates a line with place for signature.
172 B [bold-text [prev-font-text [bold [...]]]]
174 Begin boldface. No limit on the number of arguments. All argu‐
175 ments are concatenated to one word; the first, third and so on
176 is printed in boldface.
177 B1 Begin box (as the ms macro). Draws a box around the text. The
179 text is indented one character, and the right margin is one
180 character shorter.
181 B2 End box. Finishes the box started with B1.
183 BE End bottom block, see BS.
185 BI [bold-text [italic-text [bold-text [...]]]]
187 Bold-italic. No limit on the number of arguments, see B.
188 BL [text-indent [1]]
190 Start bullet list. Initializes a list with a bullet and a space
191 in the beginning of each list item (see LI). text-indent over‐
192 rides the default indentation of the list items set by number
193 register Pi. A third argument prohibits printing of a blank
194 line before each item.
195 BR [bold-text [roman-text [bold-text [...]]]]
197 Bold-roman. No limit on the number of arguments.
198 BS Bottom block start. Begins the definition of a text block which
200 is printed at the bottom of each page. The block ends with BE.
201 BVL text-indent [mark-indent [1]]
203 Start of broken variable-item list. Broken variable-item list
204 has no fixed mark, it assumes that every LI has a mark instead.
205 The text always begins at the next line after the mark. text-
206 indent sets the indentation to the text, and mark-indent the
207 distance from the current indentation to the mark. A third
208 argument prohibits printing of a blank line before each item.
209 COVER [arg]
211 Begin a coversheet definition. It is important that .COVER
212 appears before any normal text. This macro uses arg to build
213 the filename ‘/usr/share/groff/1.22.3/tmac/mm/arg.cov’. There‐
214 fore it is possible to create unlimited types of cover sheets.
215 ‘ms.cov’ is supposed to look like the ms cover sheet. .COVER
216 requires a .COVEND at the end of the cover definition. Always
217 use this order of the cover macros:
218 .COVER
220 .TL
221 .AF
222 .AU
223 .AT
224 .AS
225 .AE
226 .COVEND
227 However, only .TL and .AU are required.
229 COVEND Finish the cover description and print the cover page. It is
231 defined in the cover file.
232 DE Display end. Ends a block of text or display that begins with
234 DS or DF.
235 DF [format [fill [rindent]]]
237 Begin floating display (no nesting allowed). A floating display
238 is saved in a queue and is printed in the order entered. For‐
239 mat, fill, and rindent are the same as in DS. Floating displays
240 are controlled by the two number registers De and Df.
241 De register
243 0 Nothing special, this is the default.
245 1 A page eject occurs after each printed display, giv‐
246 ing only one display per page and no text following
247 it.
248 Df register
250 0 Displays are printed at the end of each section (when
252 section-page numbering is active) or at the end of
253 the document.
254 1 A new display is printed on the current page if there
255 is enough space, otherwise it is printed at the end
256 of the document.
257 2 One display is printed at the top of each page or
258 column (in multi-column mode).
259 3 Print one display if there is enough space for it,
260 otherwise it is printed at the top of the next page
261 or column.
262 4 Print as many displays as possible in a new page or
266 column. A page break occurs between each display if
267 De is not zero.
268 5 Fill the current page with displays and the rest
269 beginning at a new page or column. (This is the
270 default.) A page break occurs between each display
271 if De is not zero.
272 DL [text-indent [1 [1]]]
274 Dash list start. Begins a list where each item is printed after
275 a dash. text-indent changes the default indentation of the list
276 items set by number register Pi. A second argument prevents an
277 empty line between each list item. See LI. A third argument
278 prohibits printing of a blank line before each item.
279 DS [format [fill [rindent]]]
281 Static display start. Begins collection of text until DE. The
282 text is printed together on the same page, unless it is longer
283 than the height of the page. DS can be nested arbitrarily.
284 format
286 "" No indentation.
288 none No indentation.
289 L No indentation.
290 I Indent text with the value of number register Si.
291 C Center each line.
292 CB Center the whole display as a block.
293 R Right-adjust the lines.
294 RB Right-adjust the whole display as a block.
295 The values ‘L’, ‘I’, ‘C’, and ‘CB’ can also be specified as ‘0’,
297 ‘1’, ‘2’, and ‘3’, respectively, for compatibility reasons.
298 fill
300 "" Line-filling turned off.
302 none Line-filling turned off.
303 N Line-filling turned off.
304 F Line-filling turned on.
305 ‘N’ and ‘F’ can also be specified as ‘0’ and ‘1’, respectively.
307 By default, an empty line is printed before and after the dis‐
309 play. Setting number register Ds to 0 prevents this. rindent
310 shortens the line length by that amount.
311 EC [title [override [flag [refname]]]]
313 Equation title. Sets a title for an equation. The override
314 argument changes the numbering.
315 flag
317 none override is a prefix to the number.
319 0 override is a prefix to the number.
320 1 override is a suffix to the number.
321 2 override replaces the number.
322 EC uses the number register Ec as a counter. It is possible to
324 use .af to change the format of the number. If number register
325 Of is 1, the format of title uses a dash instead of a dot after
326 the number.
327 The string Le controls the title of the List of Equations;
329 default is ‘LIST OF EQUATIONS’. The List of Equations is only
330 printed if number register Le is 1. The default is 0. The
331 string Liec contains the word ‘Equation’, which is printed
332 before the number. If refname is used, then the equation number
333 is saved with .SETR, and can be retrieved with ‘.GETST refname’.
334 Special handling of the title occurs if EC is used inside DS/DE;
336 it is not affected by the format of DS.
337 EF [arg]
339 Even-page footer, printed just above the normal page footer on
340 even pages. See PF.
341 This macro defines string EOPef.
343 EH [arg]
345 Even-page header, printed just below the normal page header on
346 even pages. See PH.
347 This macro defines string TPeh.
349 EN Equation end, see EQ.
351 EOP End-of-page user-defined macro. This macro is called instead of
353 the normal printing of the footer. The macro is executed in a
354 separate environment, without any trap active. See TP.
355 Strings available to EOP
357 EOPf argument of PF
359 EOPef argument of EF
360 EOPof argument of OF
361 EPIC [-L] width height [name]
363 Draw a box with the given width and height. It also prints the
364 text name or a default string if name is not specified. This is
365 used to include external pictures; just give the size of the
366 picture. -L left-adjusts the picture; the default is to center.
367 See PIC.
368 EQ [label]
370 Equation start. EQ/EN are the delimiters for equations written
371 for eqn(1). EQ/EN must be inside of a DS/DE pair, except if EQ
372 is used to set options for eqn only. The label argument appears
373 at the right margin of the equation, centered vertically within
374 the DS/DE block, unless number register Eq is 1. Then the label
375 appears at the left margin.
376 If there are multiple EQ/EN blocks within a single DS/DE pair,
378 only the last equation label (if any) is printed.
379 EX [title [override [flag [refname]]]]
381 Exhibit title. The arguments are the same as for EC. EX uses
382 the number register Ex as a counter. The string Lx controls the
383 title of the List of Exhibits; default is ‘LIST OF EXHIBITS’.
384 The List of Exhibits is only printed if number register Lx is 1,
385 which is the default. The string Liex contains the word
386 ‘Exhibit’, which is printed before the number. If refname is
387 used, the exhibit number is saved with .SETR, and can be
388 retrieved with ‘.GETST refname’.
389 Special handling of the title occurs if EX is used inside DS/DE;
391 it is not affected by the format of DS.
392 FC [closing]
394 Print ‘Yours very truly,’ as a formal closing of a letter or
395 memorandum. The argument replaces the default string. The
396 default is stored in string variable Letfc.
397 FD [arg [1]]
399 Footnote default format. Controls the hyphenation (hyphen),
400 right margin justification (adjust), and indentation of footnote
401 text (indent). It can also change the label justification
402 (ljust).
403 arg hyphen adjust indent ljust
405 0 no yes yes left
406 1 yes yes yes left
407 2 no no yes left
408 3 yes no yes left
409 4 no yes no left
410 5 yes yes no left
411 6 no no no left
412 7 yes no no left
413 8 no yes yes right
414 9 yes yes yes right
415 10 no no yes right
416 11 yes no yes right
417 An argument greater than or equal to 11 is considered as
419 value 0. Default for mm is 10.
420 FE Footnote end.
422 FG [title [override [flag [refname]]]]
424 Figure title. The arguments are the same as for EC. FG uses
425 the number register Fg as a counter. The string Lf controls the
426 title of the List of Figures; default is ‘LIST OF FIGURES’. The
427 List of Figures is only printed if number register Lf is 1,
428 which is the default. The string Lifg contains the word ‘Fig‐
429 ure’, which is printed before the number. If refname is used,
430 then the figure number is saved with .SETR, and can be retrieved
431 with ‘.GETST refname’.
432 Special handling of the title occurs if FG is used inside DS/DE,
434 it is not affected by the format of DS.
435 FS [label]
437 Footnote start. The footnote is ended by FE. By default, foot‐
438 notes are automatically numbered; the number is available in
439 string F. Just add \*F in the text. By adding label, it is
440 possible to have other number or names on the footnotes. Foot‐
441 notes in displays are now possible. An empty line separates
442 footnotes; the height of the line is controlled by number regis‐
443 ter Fs, default value is 1.
444 GETHN refname [varname]
446 Include the header number where the corresponding ‘SETR refname’
447 was placed. This is displayed as ‘X.X.X.’ in pass 1. See
448 INITR. If varname is used, GETHN sets the string variable var‐
449 name to the header number.
450 GETPN refname [varname]
452 Include the page number where the corresponding ‘SETR refname’
453 was placed. This is displayed as ‘9999’ in pass 1. See INITR.
454 If varname is used, GETPN sets the stringvariable varname to the
455 page number.
456 GETR refname
458 Combine GETHN and GETPN with the text ‘chapter’ and ‘, page’.
459 The string Qrf contains the text for the cross reference:
460 .ds Qrf See chapter \\*[Qrfh], page \\*[Qrfp].
462 Qrf may be changed to support other languages. Strings Qrfh and
464 Qrfp are set by GETR and contain the page and header number,
465 respectively.
466 GETST refname [varname]
468 Include the string saved with the second argument to .SETR.
469 This is a dummy string in pass 1. If varname is used, GETST
470 sets it to the saved string. See INITR.
471 H level [heading-text [heading-suffix]]
473 Numbered section heading. Section headers can have a level
474 between 1 and 14; level 1 is the top level. The text is given
475 in heading-text, and must be surrounded by double quotes if it
476 contains spaces. heading-suffix is added to the header in the
477 text but not in the table of contents. This is normally used
478 for footnote marks and similar things. Don't use \*F in head‐
479 ing-suffix, it doesn't work. A manual label must be used, see
480 FS.
481 A call to the paragraph macro P directly after H is ignored.
483 H takes care of spacing and indentation.
484 Page ejection before heading
486 Number register Ej controls page ejection before the
488 heading. By default, a level-one heading gets two blank
489 lines before it; higher levels only get one. A new page
490 is ejected before each first-level heading if number reg‐
491 ister Ej is 1. All levels below or equal the value of Ej
492 get a new page. Default value for Ej is 0.
493 Heading break level
495 A line break occurs after the heading if the heading
497 level is less or equal to number register Hb. Default
498 value is 2.
499 Heading space level
501 A blank line is inserted after the heading if the heading
503 level is less or equal to number register Hs. Default
504 value is 2.
505 Text follows the heading on the same line if the level is
507 greater than both Hb and Hs.
508 Post-heading indent
510 Indentation of the text after the heading is controlled
512 by number register Hi. Default value is 0.
513 Hi
515 0 The text is left-justified.
517 1 Indentation of the text follows the value of number
518 register Pt , see P.
519 2 The text is lined up with the first word of the head‐
520 ing.
521 Centered section headings
523 All headings whose level is equal or below number regis‐
525 ter Hc and also less than or equal to Hb or Hs are cen‐
526 tered.
527 Font control of the heading
529 The font of each heading level is controlled by string
531 HF. It contains a font number or font name for each
532 level. Default value is
533 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
535 (all headings in italic). This could also be written as
537 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
539 Note that some other implementations use 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 as
541 the default value. All omitted values are presumed to
542 have value 1.
543 Point size control
545 String HP controls the point size of each heading, in the
547 same way as HF controls the font. A value of 0 selects
548 the default point size. Default value is
549 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
551 Beware that only the point size changes, not the vertical
553 size. The latter can be controlled by the user-specified
554 macros HX and/or HZ.
555 Heading counters
557 Fourteen number registers named H1 up to H14 contain the
559 counter for each heading level. The values are printed
560 using Arabic numerals; this can be changed with the macro
561 HM (see below). All marks are concatenated before print‐
562 ing. To avoid this, set number register Ht to 1. This
563 only prints the current heading counter at each heading.
564 Automatic table of contents
566 All headings whose level is equal or below number regis‐
568 ter Cl are saved to be printed in the table of contents.
569 Default value is 2.
570 Special control of the heading, user-defined macros
572 The following macros can be defined by the user to get a
574 finer control of vertical spacing, fonts, or other fea‐
575 tures. Argument level is the level-argument to H, but 0
576 for unnumbered headings (see HU). Argument rlevel is the
577 real level; it is set to number register Hu for unnum‐
578 bered headings. Argument heading-text is the text argu‐
579 ment to H and HU.
580 HX level rlevel heading-text
582 This macro is called just before the printing of
583 the heading. The following registers are avail‐
584 able for HX. Note that HX may alter }0, }2, and
585 ;3.
586 }0 (string)
588 Contains the heading mark plus two spaces
589 if rlevel is non-zero, otherwise empty.
590 ;0 (register)
592 Contains the position of the text after the
593 heading. 0 means that the text should fol‐
594 low the heading on the same line, 1 means
595 that a line break should occur before the
596 text, and 2 means that a blank line should
597 separate the heading and the text.
598 }2 (string)
600 Contains two spaces if register ;0 is 0.
601 It is used to separate the heading from the
602 text. The string is empty if ;0 is non-
603 zero.
604 ;3 (register)
606 Contains the needed space in units after
607 the heading. Default is 2v. Can be used
608 to change things like numbering (}0), ver‐
609 tical spacing (}2), and the needed space
610 after the heading.
611 HY dlevel rlevel heading-text
613 This macro is called after size and font calcula‐
614 tions and might be used to change indentation.
615 HZ dlevel rlevel heading-text
617 This macro is called after the printing of the
618 heading, just before H or HU exits. Can be used
619 to change the page header according to the section
620 heading.
621 HC [hyphenation-character]
623 Set hyphenation character. Default value is ‘\%’. Resets to
624 the default if called without argument. Hyphenation can be
625 turned off by setting number register Hy to 0 at the beginning
626 of the file.
627 HM [arg1 [arg2 [... [arg14]]]]
629 Heading mark style. Controls the type of marking for printing
630 of the heading counters. Default is 1 for all levels.
631 Argument
633 1 Arabic numerals.
635 0001 Arabic numerals with leading zeroes, one or more.
636 A upper-case alphabetic
637 a lower-case alphabetic
638 I upper-case roman numerals
639 i lower-case roman numerals
640 "" Arabic numerals.
641 HU heading-text
643 Unnumbered section header. HU behaves like H at the level in
644 number register Hu. See H.
645 HX dlevel rlevel heading-text
647 User-defined heading exit. Called just before printing the
648 header. See H.
649 HY dlevel rlevel heading-text
651 User-defined heading exit. Called just before printing the
652 header. See H.
653 HZ dlevel rlevel heading-text
655 User-defined heading exit. Called just after printing the
656 header. See H.
657 I [italic-text [prev-font-text [italic-text [...]]]]
659 Italic. Changes the font to italic if called without arguments.
660 With one argument it sets the word in italic. With two argu‐
661 ments it concatenates them and sets the first word in italic and
662 the second in the previous font. There is no limit on the num‐
663 ber of argument; all are concatenated.
664 IA [addressee-name [title]]
666 Begin specification of the addressee and addressee's address in
667 letter style. Several names can be specified with empty IA/IE-
668 pairs, but only one address. See LT.
669 IB [italic-text [bold-text [italic-text [...]]]]
671 Italic-bold. Even arguments are printed in italic, odd in bold‐
672 face. See I.
673 IE End the address specification after IA.
675 INITI type filename [macro]
677 Initialize the new index system and set the filename to collect
678 index lines in with IND. Argument type selects the type of
679 index: page number, header marks or both. The default is page
680 numbers.
681 It is also possible to create a macro that is responsible for
683 formatting each row; just add the name of the macro as a third
684 argument. The macro is then called with the index as argu‐
685 ment(s).
686 type
688 N Page numbers
690 H Header marks
691 B Both page numbers and header marks, separated with a tab
692 character.
693 INITR filename
695 Initialize the cross reference macros. Cross references are
696 written to stderr and are supposed to be redirected into file
697 ‘filename.qrf’. Requires two passes with groff; this is handled
698 by a separate program called mmroff(1). This program exists
699 because groff(1) by default deactivates the unsafe operations
700 that are required by INITR. The first pass looks for cross ref‐
701 erences, and the second one includes them. INITR can be used
702 several times, but it is only the first occurrence of INITR that
703 is active.
704 See also SETR, GETPN, and GETHN.
706 IND arg1 [arg2 [...]]
708 Write a line in the index file selected by INITI with all argu‐
709 ments and the page number or header mark separated by tabs.
710 Examples
712 arg1\tpage number
714 arg1\targ2\tpage number
715 arg1\theader mark
716 arg1\tpage number\theader mark
717 INDP Print the index by running the command specified by string vari‐
719 able Indcmd, which has ‘sort -t\t’ as the default value. INDP
720 reads the output from the command to form the index, by default
721 in two columns (this can be changed by defining TYIND). The
722 index is printed with string variable Index as header, default
723 is ‘INDEX’. One-column processing is reactivated after the
724 list. INDP calls the user-defined macros TXIND, TYIND, and
725 TZIND if defined. TXIND is called before printing the string
726 ‘INDEX’, TYIND is called instead of printing ‘INDEX’, and TZIND
727 is called after the printing and should take care of restoring
728 to normal operation again.
729 ISODATE [0]
731 Change the predefined date string in DT to ISO-format, this is,
732 ‘YYYY-MM-DD’. This can also be done by adding -rIso=1 on the
733 command line. Reverts to old date format if argument is 0.
734 IR [italic-text [roman-text [italic-text [...]]]]
736 Italic-roman. Even arguments are printed in italic, odd in
737 roman. See I.
738 LB text-indent mark-indent pad type [mark [LI-space [LB-space]]]
740 List-begin macro. This is the common macro used for all lists.
741 text-indent is the number of spaces to indent the text from the
742 current indentation.
743 pad and mark-indent control where to put the mark. The mark is
745 placed within the mark area, and mark-indent sets the number of
746 spaces before this area. By default it is 0. The mark area
747 ends where the text begins. The start of the text is still con‐
748 trolled by text-indent.
749 The mark is left-justified within the mark area if pad is 0. If
751 pad is greater than 0, mark-indent is ignored, and the mark is
752 placed pad spaces before the text. This right-justifies the
753 mark.
754 If type is 0 the list either has a hanging indentation or, if
756 argument mark is given, the string mark as a mark.
757 If type is greater than 0 automatic numbering occurs, using ara‐
759 bic numbers if mark is empty. mark can then be any of ‘1’, ‘A’,
760 ‘a’, ‘I’, or ‘i’.
761 type selects one of six possible ways to display the mark.
763 type
765 1 x.
767 2 x)
768 3 (x)
769 4 [x]
770 5 <x>
771 6 {x}
772 Every item in the list gets LI-space number of blank lines
774 before them. Default is 1.
775 LB itself prints LB-space blank lines. Default is 0.
777 LC [list-level]
779 List-status clear. Terminates all current active lists down to
780 list-level, or 0 if no argument is given. This is used by H to
781 clear any active list.
782 LE [1] List end. Terminates the current list. LE outputs a blank line
784 if an argument is given.
785 LI [mark [1|2]]
787 List item preceding every item in a list. Without argument, LI
788 prints the mark determined by the current list type. By giving
789 LI one argument, it uses that as the mark instead. Two argu‐
790 ments to LI makes mark a prefix to the current mark. There is
791 no separating space between the prefix and the mark if the sec‐
792 ond argument is ‘2’ instead of ‘1’. This behaviour can also be
793 achieved by setting number register Limsp to zero. A zero
794 length mark makes a hanging indentation instead.
795 A blank line is printed before the list item by default. This
797 behaviour can be controlled by number register Ls. Pre-spacing
798 occurs for each list level less than or equal to Ls. Default
799 value is 99. There is no nesting limit.
800 The indentation can be changed through number register Li.
802 Default is 6.
803 All lists begin with a list initialization macro, LB. There
805 are, however, seven predefined list types to make lists easier
806 to use. They all call LB with different default values.
807 AL Automatically Incremented List
809 ML Marked List
810 VL Variable-Item List
811 BL Bullet List
812 DL Dash List
813 RL Reference List
814 BVL Broken Variable List.
815 These lists are described at other places in this manual. See
817 also LB.
818 LT [arg]
820 Format a letter in one of four different styles depending on the
821 argument. See also section INTERNALS.
822 Arg Style
824 BL Blocked. Date line, return address, writer's
825 address and closing begins at the center of the
826 line. All other lines begin at the left margin.
827 SB Semi-blocked. Same as blocked, except that the
828 first line in every paragraph is indented five spa‐
829 ces.
830 FB Full-blocked. All lines begin at the left margin.
831 SP Simplified. Almost the same as the full-blocked
832 style. Subject and the writer's identification are
833 printed in all-capital.
834 LO type [arg]
836 Specify options in letter (see .LT). This is a list of the
837 standard options:
838 CN Confidential notation. Prints ‘CONFIDENTIAL’ on the
840 second line below the date line. Any argument
841 replaces ‘CONFIDENTIAL’. See also string variable
842 LetCN.
843 RN Reference notation. Prints ‘In reference to:’ and
844 the argument two lines below the date line. See
845 also string variable LetRN.
846 AT Attention. Prints ‘ATTENTION:’ and the argument
847 below the inside address. See also string variable
848 LetAT.
849 SA Salutation. Prints ’To Whom It May Concern:’ or the
850 argument if it was present. The salutation is
851 printed two lines below the inside address. See
852 also string variable LetSA.
853 SJ Subject line. Prints the argument as subject pre‐
854 fixed with ‘SUBJECT:’ two lines below the inside
855 address, except in letter type ‘SP’, where the sub‐
856 ject is printed in all-capital without any prefix.
857 See also string variable LetSJ.
858 MC column-size [column-separation]
860 Begin multiple columns. Return to normal with 1C. MC creates
861 as many columns as the current line length permits. column-size
862 is the width of each column, and column-separation is the space
863 between two columns. Default separation is column-size/15. See
864 also 1C.
865 ML mark [text-indent [1]]
867 Marked list start. The mark argument is printed before each
868 list item. text-indent sets the indent and overrides Li. A
869 third argument prohibits printing of a blank line before each
870 item.
871 MT [arg [addressee]]
873 Memorandum type. The argument arg is part of a filename in
874 ‘/usr/share/groff/1.22.3/tmac/mm/*.MT’. Memorandum types 0 to 5
875 are supported, including type ‘string’ (which gets internally
876 mapped to type 6). addressee just sets a variable, used in the
877 AT&T macros.
878 arg
880 0 Normal memorandum, no type printed.
882 1 Memorandum with ‘MEMORANDUM FOR FILE’ printed.
883 2 Memorandum with ‘PROGRAMMER'S NOTES’ printed.
884 3 Memorandum with ‘ENGINEER'S NOTES’ printed.
885 4 Released paper style.
886 5 External letter style.
887 See also COVER/COVEND, a more flexible type of front page.
889 MOVE y-pos [x-pos [line-length]]
891 Move to a position, setting page offset to x-pos. If line-
892 length is not given, the difference between current and new page
893 offset is used. Use PGFORM without arguments to return to nor‐
894 mal.
895 MULB cw1 space1 [cw2 space2 [cw3 ...]]
897 Begin a special multi-column mode. All columns widths must be
898 specified. The space between the columns must be specified
899 also. The last column does not need any space definition. MULB
900 starts a diversion, and MULE ends the diversion and prints the
901 columns. The unit for the width and space arguments is ‘n’, but
902 MULB accepts all normal unit specifications like ‘c’ and ‘i’.
903 MULB operates in a separate environment.
904 MULN Begin the next column. This is the only way to switch the col‐
906 umn.
907 MULE End the multi-column mode and print the columns.
909 nP [type]
911 Print numbered paragraph with header level two. See .P.
912 NCOL Force printing to the next column. Don't use this together with
914 the MUL* macros, see 2C.
915 NS [arg [1]]
917 Print different types of notations. The argument selects
918 between the predefined type of notations. If the second argu‐
919 ment is available, then the argument becomes the entire nota‐
920 tion. If the argument doesn't select a predefined type, it is
921 printed as ‘Copy (arg) to’. It is possible to add more standard
922 notations, see the string variables Letns and Letnsdef.
923 Arg Notation
925 none Copy To
926 "" Copy To
927 1 Copy To (with att.) to
928 2 Copy To (without att.) to
929 3 Att.
930 4 Atts.
931 5 Enc.
932 6 Encs.
933 7 Under separate cover
934 8 Letter to
935 9 Memorandum to
936 10 Copy (with atts.) to
937 11 Copy (without atts.) to
938 12 Abstract Only to
939 13 Complete Memorandum to
940 14 CC
941 ND new-date
943 New date. Overrides the current date. Date is not printed if
944 new-date is an empty string.
945 OF [arg]
947 Odd-page footer, a line printed just above the normal footer.
948 See EF and PF.
949 This macro defines string EOPof.
951 OH [arg]
953 Odd-page header, a line printed just below the normal header.
954 See EH and PH.
955 This macro defines string TPoh.
957 OP Make sure that the following text is printed at the top of an
959 odd-numbered page. Does not output an empty page if currently
960 at the top of an odd page.
961 P [type]
963 Begin new paragraph. P without argument produces left-justified
964 text, even the first line of the paragraph. This is the same as
965 setting type to 0. If the argument is 1, the first line of text
966 following P is indented by the number of spaces in number regis‐
967 ter Pi, by default 5.
968 Instead of giving an argument to P it is possible to set the
970 paragraph type in number register Pt. Using 0 and 1 is the same
971 as adding that value to P. A value of 2 indents all paragraphs,
972 except after headings, lists, and displays (this value can't be
973 used as an argument to P itself).
974 The space between two paragraphs is controlled by number regis‐
976 ter Ps, and is 1 by default (one blank line).
977 PGFORM [linelength [pagelength [pageoffset [1]]]]
979 Set line length, page length, and/or page offset. This macro
980 can be used for special formatting, like letter heads and other.
981 It is normally the first command in a file, though it is not
982 necessary. PGFORM can be used without arguments to reset every‐
983 thing after a MOVE call. A line break is done unless the fourth
984 argument is given. This can be used to avoid the page number on
985 the first page while setting new width and length. (It seems as
986 if this macro sometimes doesn't work too well. Use the command
987 line arguments to change line length, page length, and page off‐
988 set instead.)
989 PGNH No header is printed on the next page. Used to get rid of the
991 header in letters or other special texts. This macro must be
992 used before any text to inhibit the page header on the first
993 page.
994 PIC [-B] [-L] [-C] [-R] [-I n] filename [width [height]]
996 Include a PostScript file in the document. The macro depends on
997 mmroff(1) and INITR. The arguments -L, -C, -R, and -I n adjust
998 the picture or indent it. With no flag the picture is adjusted
999 to the left. Adding -B draws a box around the picture. The
1000 optional width and height can also be given to resize the pic‐
1001 ture.
1002 PE Picture end. Ends a picture for pic(@MAN1EXT).
1004 PF [arg]
1006 Page footer. PF sets the line to be printed at the bottom of
1007 each page. Empty by default. See PH for the argument specifi‐
1008 cation.
1009 This macro defines string EOPf.
1011 PH [arg]
1013 Page header, a line printed at the top of each page. The argu‐
1014 ment should be specified as
1015 "'left-part'center-part'right-part'"
1017 where left-part, center-part, and right-part are printed left-
1019 justified, centered, and right justified, respectively. Within
1020 the argument to PH, the character ‘%’ is changed to the current
1021 page number. The default argument is
1022 "''- % -''"
1024 which gives the page number between two dashes.
1026 This macro defines string TPh.
1028 PS Picture start (from pic). Begins a picture for pic(1).
1030 PX Page header user-defined exit. This macro is called just after
1032 the printing of the page header in no-space mode.
1033 R Roman. Return to roman font, see also I.
1035 RB [roman-text [bold-text [roman-text [...]]]]
1037 Roman-bold. Even arguments are printed in roman, odd in bold‐
1038 face. See I.
1039 RD [prompt [diversion [string]]]
1041 Read from standard input to diversion and/or string. The text
1042 is saved in a diversion named diversion. Recall the text by
1043 writing the name of the diversion after a dot on an empty line.
1044 A string is also defined if string is given. Diversion and/or
1045 prompt can be empty ("").
1046 RF Reference end. Ends a reference definition and returns to nor‐
1048 mal processing. See RS.
1049 RI [roman-text [italic-text [roman-text [...]]]]
1051 Print even arguments in roman, odd in italic. See I.
1052 RL [text-indent[1]]
1054 Reference list start. Begins a list where each item is preceded
1055 with an automatically incremented number between square brack‐
1056 ets. text-indent changes the default indentation.
1057 RP [arg1 [arg2]]
1059 Produce reference page. This macro can be used if a reference
1060 page is wanted somewhere in the document. It is not needed if
1061 TC is used to produce a table of contents. The reference page
1062 is then printed automatically.
1063 The reference counter is not reset if arg1 is 1.
1065 arg2 tells RP whether to eject a page or not.
1067 arg2
1069 0 The reference page is printed on a separate page.
1071 1 Do not eject page after the list.
1072 2 Do not eject page before the list.
1073 3 Do not eject page before and after the list.
1074 The reference items are separated by a blank line. Setting num‐
1076 ber register Ls to 0 suppresses the line.
1077 The string Rp contains the reference page title and is set to
1079 ‘REFERENCES’ by default. The number register Rpe holds the
1080 default value for the second argument of RP; it is initially set
1081 to 0.
1082 RS [string-name]
1084 Begin an automatically numbered reference definition. Put the
1085 string \*(Rf where the reference mark should be and write the
1086 reference between RS/RF at next new line after the reference
1087 mark. The reference number is stored in number register :R. If
1088 string-name is given, a string with that name is defined and
1089 contains the current reference mark. The string can be refer‐
1090 enced as \*[string-name] later in the text.
1091 S [size [spacing]]
1093 Set point size and vertical spacing. If any argument is equal
1094 to ‘P’, the previous value is used. A ‘C’ means current value,
1095 and ‘D’ the default value. If ‘+’ or ‘-’ is used before the
1096 value, the current value is incremented or decremented, respec‐
1097 tively.
1098 SA [arg]
1100 Set right-margin justification. Justification is turned on by
1101 default. No argument or value ‘0’ turns off justification, and
1102 ‘1’ turns on justification.
1103 SETR refname [string]
1105 Remember the current header and page number as refname. Saves
1106 string if string is defined. string is retrieved with .GETST.
1107 See INITR.
1108 SG [arg [1]]
1110 Signature line. Prints the authors name(s) after the formal
1111 closing. The argument is appended to the reference data,
1112 printed at either the first or last author. The reference data
1113 is the location, department, and initials specified with .AU.
1114 It is printed at the first author if the second argument is
1115 given, otherwise at the last. No reference data is printed if
1116 the author(s) is specified through .WA/.WE. See section INTER‐
1117 NALS.
1118 SK [pages]
1120 Skip pages. If pages is 0 or omitted, a skip to the next page
1121 occurs unless it is already at the top of a page. Otherwise it
1122 skips pages pages.
1123 SM string1 [string2 [string3]]
1125 Make a string smaller. If string2 is given, string1 is made
1126 smaller and string2 stays at normal size, concatenated with
1127 string1. With three arguments, everything is concatenated, but
1128 only string2 is made smaller.
1129 SP [lines]
1131 Space vertically. lines can have any scaling factor, like ‘3i’
1132 or ‘8v’. Several SP calls in a line only produces the maximum
1133 number of lines, not the sum. SP is ignored also until the
1134 first text line in a page. Add \& before a call to SP to avoid
1135 this.
1136 TAB Reset tabs to every 5n. Normally used to reset any previous tab
1138 positions.
1139 TB [title [override [flag [refname]]]]
1141 Table title. The arguments are the same as for EC. TB uses the
1142 number register Tb as a counter. The string Lt controls the
1143 title of the List of Tables; default value is ‘LIST OF TABLES’.
1144 The List of Tables is only printed if number register Lt is 1,
1145 which is the default. The string Litb contains the word ‘TA‐
1146 BLE’, which is printed before the number.
1147 Special handling of the title occurs if TB is used inside DS/DE,
1149 it is not affected by the format of DS.
1150 TC [slevel [spacing [tlevel [tab [h1 [h2 [h3 [h4 [h5]]]]]]]]]
1152 Table of contents. This macro is normally used as the last line
1153 of the document. It generates a table of contents with headings
1154 up to the level controlled by number register Cl. Note that Cl
1155 controls the saving of headings, it has nothing to do with TC.
1156 Headings with a level less than or equal to slevel get spacing
1157 number of lines before them. Headings with a level less than or
1158 equal to tlevel have their page numbers right-justified with
1159 dots or spaces separating the text and the page number. Spaces
1160 are used if tab is greater than zero, dots otherwise. Other
1161 headings have the page number directly at the end of the heading
1162 text (ragged-right).
1163 The rest of the arguments is printed, centered, before the table
1165 of contents.
1166 The user-defined macros TX and TY are used if TC is called with
1168 at most four arguments. TX is called before the printing of the
1169 string ‘CONTENTS’, and TY is called instead of printing ‘CON‐
1170 TENTS’.
1171 Equivalent macros can be defined for list of figures, tables,
1173 equations and exhibits by defining TXxx or TYxx, where xx is
1174 ‘Fg’, ‘TB’, ‘EC’, or ‘EX’, respectively.
1175 String Ci can be set to control the indentations for each head‐
1177 ing-level. It must be scaled, like
1178 .ds Ci .25i .5i .75i 1i 1i
1180 By default, the indentation is controlled by the maximum length
1182 of headings in each level.
1183 The string variables Lifg, Litb, Liex, Liec, and Licon contain
1185 ‘Figure’, ‘TABLE’, ‘Exhibit’, ‘Equation’, and ‘CONTENTS’,
1186 respectively. These can be redefined to other languages.
1187 TE Table end. See TS.
1189 TH [N] Table header. See TS. TH ends the header of the table. This
1191 header is printed again if a page break occurs. Argument ‘N’
1192 isn't implemented yet.
1193 TL [charging-case-number [filing-case-number]]
1195 Begin title of memorandum. All text up to the next AU is
1196 included in the title. charging-case-number and filing-case-
1197 number are saved for use in the front page processing.
1198 TM [num1 [num2 [...]]]
1200 Technical memorandum numbers used in .MT. An unlimited number
1201 of arguments may be given.
1202 TP Top-of-page user-defined macro. This macro is called instead of
1204 the normal page header. It is possible to get complete control
1205 over the header. Note that the header and the footer are
1206 printed in a separate environment. Line length is preserved,
1207 though. See EOP.
1208 strings available to TP
1210 TPh argument of PH
1212 TPeh argument of EH
1213 TPoh argument of OH
1214 TS [H] Table start. This is the start of a table specification to
1216 tbl(1). TS ends with TE. Argument ‘H’ tells mm that the table
1217 has a header. See TH.
1218 TX User-defined table of contents exit. This macro is called just
1220 before TC prints the word ‘CONTENTS’. See TC.
1221 TY User-defined table of contents exit. This macro is called
1223 instead of printing ‘CONTENTS’. See TC.
1224 VERBON [flag [point-size [font]]]
1226 Begin verbatim output using Courier font. Usually for printing
1227 programs. All characters have equal width. The point size can
1228 be changed with the second argument. By specifying a third
1229 argument it is possible to use another font instead of Courier.
1230 flag controls several special features. Its value is the sum of
1231 all wanted features.
1232 Arg Description
1234 1 Disable the escape character (\). This is normally
1235 turned on during verbose output.
1236 2 Add an empty line before the verbose text.
1237 4 Add an empty line after the verbose text.
1238 8 Print the verbose text with numbered lines. This
1239 adds four digit-sized spaces in the beginning of
1240 each line. Finer control is available with the
1241 string variable Verbnm. It contains all arguments
1242 to the troff(1) command .nm, normally ‘1’.
1243 16 Indent the verbose text by ‘5n’. This is con‐
1246 trolled by the number-variable Verbin (in units).
1247 VERBOFF
1249 End verbatim output.
1250 VL text-indent [mark-indent [1]]
1252 Variable-item list. It has no fixed mark, it assumes that every
1253 LI has a mark instead. text-indent sets the indent to the text,
1254 and mark-indent the distance from the current indentation to the
1255 mark. A third argument prohibits printing of a blank line
1256 before each item.
1257 VM [-T] [top [bottom]]
1259 Vertical margin. Increase the top and bottom margin by top and
1260 bottom, respectively. If option -T is specified, set those mar‐
1261 gins to top and bottom. If no argument is given, reset the mar‐
1262 gin to zero, or to the default (‘7v 5v’) if -T is used. It is
1263 highly recommended that macros TP and/or EOP are defined if
1264 using -T and setting top and/or bottom margin to less than the
1265 default.
1266 WA [writer-name [title]]
1268 Begin specification of the writer and writer's address. Several
1269 names can be specified with empty WA/WE pairs, but only one
1270 address.
1271 WE End the address specification after .WA.
1273 WC [format1] [format2] [...]
1275 Footnote and display width control.
1276 N Set default mode which is equal to using the options -WF,
1278 -FF, -WD, and FB.
1279 WF Wide footnotes, wide also in two-column mode.
1280 -WF Normal footnote width, follow column mode.
1281 FF All footnotes gets the same width as the first footnote
1282 encountered.
1283 -FF Normal footnotes, width follows WF and -WF.
1284 WD Wide displays, wide also in two-column mode.
1285 -WD Normal display width, follow column mode.
1286 FB Floating displays generates a line break when printed on
1287 the current page.
1288 -FB Floating displays does not generate line break.
1289 Strings used in mm
1291 App A string containing the word ‘APPENDIX’.
1292 Apptxt The current appendix text.
1294 EM Em dash string
1296 H1txt Updated by .H and .HU to the current heading text. Also updated
1298 in table of contents & friends.
1299 HF Font list for headings, ‘2 2 2 2 2 2 2’ by default. Non-numeric
1301 font names may also be used.
1302 HP Point size list for headings. By default, this is ’0 0 0 0 0 0
1304 0’ which is the same as ‘10 10 10 10 10 10 10’.
1305 Index Contains the string ‘INDEX’.
1307 Indcmd Contains the index command. Default value is ‘sort -t\t’.
1309 Lifg String containing ‘Figure’.
1311 Litb String containing ‘TABLE’.
1313 Liex String containing ‘Exhibit’.
1315 Liec String containing ‘Equation’.
1317 Licon String containing ‘CONTENTS’.
1319 Lf Contains the string ‘LIST OF FIGURES’.
1321 Lt Contains the string ‘LIST OF TABLES’.
1323 Lx Contains the string ‘LIST OF EXHIBITS’.
1325 Le Contains the string ‘LIST OF EQUATIONS’.
1327 Letfc Contains the string ‘Yours very truly,’, used in .FC.
1329 Letapp Contains the string ‘APPROVED:’, used in .AV.
1331 Letdate
1333 Contains the string ‘Date’, used in .AV.
1334 LetCN Contains the string ‘CONFIDENTIAL’, used in .LO CN.
1336 LetSA Contains the string ‘To Whom It May Concern:’, used in .LO SA.
1338 LetAT Contains the string ‘ATTENTION:’, used in .LO AT.
1340 LetSJ Contains the string ‘SUBJECT:’, used in .LO SJ.
1342 LetRN Contains the string ‘In reference to:’, used in .LO RN.
1344 Letns is an array containing the different strings used in .NS. It is
1346 really a number of string variables prefixed with Letns!. If
1347 the argument doesn't exist, it is included between () with
1348 Letns!copy as a prefix and Letns!to as a suffix. Observe the
1349 space after ‘Copy’ and before ‘to’.
1350 Name Value
1352 Letns!0 Copy to
1353 Letns!1 Copy (with att.) to
1354 Letns!2 Copy (without att.) to
1355 Letns!3 Att.
1356 Letns!4 Atts.
1357 Letns!5 Enc.
1358 Letns!6 Encs.
1359 Letns!7 Under separate cover
1360 Letns!8 Letter to
1361 Letns!9 Memorandum to
1362 Letns!10 Copy (with atts.) to
1363 Letns!11 Copy (without atts.) to
1364 Letns!12 Abstract Only to
1365 Letns!13 Complete Memorandum to
1366 Letns!14 CC
1367 Letns!copy Copy \"
1368 Letns!to " to
1369 Letnsdef
1371 Define the standard notation used when no argument is given to
1372 .NS. Default is 0.
1373 MO1 – MO12
1375 Strings containing the month names ‘January’ through ‘December’.
1376 Qrf String containing ‘See chapter \\*[Qrfh], page \\n[Qrfp].’.
1378 Rp Contains the string ‘REFERENCES’.
1380 Tcst Contains the current status of the table of contents and list of
1382 figures, etc. Empty outside of .TC. Useful in user-defined
1383 macros like .TP.
1384 Value Meaning
1386 co Table of contents
1387 fg List of figures
1388 tb List of tables
1389 ec List of equations
1390 ex List of exhibits
1391 ap Appendix
1392 Tm Contains the string ‘\(tm’, the trade mark symbol.
1394 Verbnm Argument to .nm in the .VERBON command. Default is 1.
1396 Number variables used in mm
1398 Aph Print an appendix page for every new appendix if this number
1399 variable is non-zero. No output occurs if Aph is zero, but
1400 there is always an appendix entry in the ‘List of contents’.
1401 Cl Contents level (in the range 0 to 14). The contents is saved if
1403 a heading level is lower than or equal to the value of Cl.
1404 Default is 2.
1405 Cp Eject page between list of table, list of figure, etc., if the
1407 value of Cp is zero. Default is 0.
1408 D Debug flag. Values greater than zero produce debug information
1410 of increasing verbosity. A value of 1 gives information about
1411 the progress of formatting. Default is 0.
1412 De If set to 1, eject after floating display is output. Default
1414 is 0.
1415 Dsp If defined, it controls the space output before and after static
1417 displays. Otherwise the value of Lsp is used.
1418 Df Control floating keep output. This is a number in the range 0
1420 to 5, with a default value of 5. See .DF.
1421 Ds If set to 1, use the amount of space stored in register Lsp
1423 before and after display. Default is 1.
1424 Ej If set to 1, eject page before each first-level heading.
1426 Default is 0.
1427 Eq Equation labels are left-adjusted if set to 0 and right-adjusted
1429 if set to 1. Default is 0.
1430 Fs Footnote spacing. Default is 1.
1432 H1 – H7
1434 Heading counters
1435 H1dot Append a dot after the level-one heading number if value is
1437 greater than zero. Default is 1.
1438 H1h A copy of number register H1, but it is incremented just before
1440 the page break. Useful in user-defined header macros.
1441 Hb Heading break level. A number in the range 0 to 14, with a
1443 default value of 2. See .H.
1444 Hc Heading centering level. A number in the range 0 to 14, with a
1446 default value value of 0. See .H.
1447 Hi Heading temporary indent. A number in the range 0 to 2, with a
1449 default value of 1.
1450 0 no indentation, left margin
1452 1 indent to the right, similar to ‘.P 1’
1453 2 indent to line up with text part of preceding heading
1454 Hps Heading pre-space level. If the heading level is less than or
1456 equal to Hps, two lines precede the section heading instead of
1457 one. Default is first level only. The real amount of lines is
1458 controlled by the variables Hps1 and Hps2.
1459 Hps1 Number of lines preceding .H if the heading level is greater
1461 than Hps. Value is in units, default is 0.5.
1462 Hps2 Number of lines preceding .H if the heading level is less than
1464 or equal to Hps. Value is in units, default is 1.
1465 Hs Heading space level. A number in the range 0 to 14, with a
1467 default value of 2. See .H.
1468 Hss Number of lines following .H if the heading level is less than
1470 or equal to Hs. Value is in units, default is 1.
1471 Ht Heading numbering type.
1473 0 multiple levels (1.1.1, 1.1.2, etc.)
1475 1 single level
1476 Default is 0.
1478 Hu Unnumbered heading level. Default is 2.
1480 Hy Hyphenation status of text body.
1482 0 no hyphenation
1484 1 hyphenation on, set to value 14
1485 Default is 0.
1487 Iso Set this variable to 1 on the command line to get an ISO-format‐
1489 ted date string (-rIso=1). Useless inside of a document.
1490 L Page length, only for command line settings.
1492 Letwam Maximum lines in return-address, used in .WA/.WE. Default
1494 is 14.
1495 Lf, Lt, Lx, Le
1497 Enable (1) or disable (0) the printing of List of figures, List
1498 of tables, List of exhibits and List of equations, respectively.
1499 Default values are Lf=1, Lt=1, Lx=1, and Le=0.
1500 Li List indentation, used by .AL. Default is 6.
1502 Limsp A flag controlling the insertion of space between prefix and
1504 mark in automatic lists (.AL).
1505 0 no space
1507 1 emit space
1508 Ls List space threshold. If current list level is greater than Ls
1510 no spacing occurs around lists. Default is 99.
1511 Lsp The vertical space used by an empty line. The default is 0.5v
1513 in troff mode and 1v in nroff mode.
1514 N Page numbering style.
1516 0 normal header for all pages.
1518 1 header replaces footer on first page, header is
1519 empty.
1520 2 page header is removed on the first page.
1521 3 ‘section-page’ numbering style enabled.
1522 4 page header is removed on the first page.
1523 5 ‘section-page’ and ‘section-figure’ numbering style
1524 enabled.
1525 Default is 0. See also the number registers Sectf and Sectp.
1527 Np A flag to control whether paragraphs are numbered.
1529 0 not numbered
1531 1 numbered in first-level headings.
1532 Default is 0.
1534 O Page offset, only for command line settings.
1536 Of Format of figure, table, exhibit, and equation titles.
1538 0 ". "
1540 1 " - "
1541 Default is 0.
1543 P Current page-number, normally the same as ‘%’ unless ‘section-
1545 page’ numbering style is enabled.
1546 Pi Paragraph indentation. Default is 5.
1548 Pgps A flag to control whether header and footer point size should
1550 follow the current settings or just change when the header and
1551 footer are defined.
1552 0 Point size only changes to the current setting when
1554 .PH, .PF, .OH, .EH, .OF, or .OE is executed.
1555 1 Point size changes after every .S. This is the
1556 default.
1557 Ps Paragraph spacing. Default is 1.
1559 Pt Paragraph type.
1561 0 left-justified
1563 1 indented paragraphs
1564 2 indented paragraphs except after .H, .DE, or .LE.
1565 Default is 0.
1567 Rpe Set default value for second argument of .RP. Default is 0.
1569 Sectf A flag controlling ‘section-figures’ numbering style. A non-
1571 zero value enables this. See also register N.
1572 Sectp A flag controlling ’section-page’ numbering style. A non-zero
1574 value enables this. See also register N.
1575 Si Display indentation. Default is 5.
1577 Verbin Indentation for .VERBON. Default is 5n.
1579 W Line length, only for command line settings.
1581 .mgm Always 1.
1583
1585 The letter macros are using different submacros depending on the letter
1586 type. The name of the submacro has the letter type as suffix. It is
1587 therefore possible to define other letter types, either in the national
1588 macro-file, or as local additions. .LT sets the number variables Pt
1589 and Pi to 0 and 5, respectively. The following strings and macros must
1590 be defined for a new letter type.
1591 let@init_type
1593 This macro is called directly by .LT. It is supposed to ini‐
1594 tialize variables and other stuff.
1595 let@head_type
1597 This macro prints the letter head, and is called instead of the
1598 normal page header. It is supposed to remove the alias
1599 let@header, otherwise it is called for all pages.
1600 let@sg_type name title n flag [arg1 [arg2 [...]]]
1602 .SG is calling this macro only for letters; memorandums have its
1603 own processing. name and title are specified through .WA/.WB.
1604 n is the counter, 1-max, and flag is true for the last name.
1605 Any other argument to .SG is appended.
1606 let@fc_type closing
1608 This macro is called by .FC, and has the formal closing as the
1609 argument.
1610 .LO is implemented as a general option-macro. It demands that a string
1612 named Lettype is defined, where type is the letter type. .LO then
1613 assigns the argument to the string variable let*lo-type.
1614
1616 /usr/share/groff/1.22.3/tmac/m.tmac
1617 /usr/share/groff/1.22.3/tmac/mm/*.cov
1619 /usr/share/groff/1.22.3/tmac/mm/*.MT
1621 /usr/share/groff/1.22.3/tmac/mm/locale
1623
1625 groff(1), troff(1), tbl(1), pic(1), eqn(1)
1626 groff_mmse(7)
1627
1629 Copyright © 1989-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
1630 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
1632 manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
1633 preserved on all copies.
1634 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
1636 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
1637 entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a per‐
1638 mission notice identical to this one.
1639 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this man‐
1641 ual into another language, under the above conditions for modified ver‐
1642 sions, except that this permission notice may be included in transla‐
1643 tions approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in the origi‐
1644 nal English.
1645
1647 Jörgen Hägg, Lund, Sweden ⟨jh@axis.se⟩.
1648Groff Version 1.22.3 25 July 2019 GROFF_MM(7)