1GETPWNAM(3) Linux Programmer's Manual GETPWNAM(3)
2
6 getpwnam, getpwnam_r, getpwuid, getpwuid_r - get password file entry
7
9 #include <sys/types.h>
10 #include <pwd.h>
11 struct passwd *getpwnam(const char *name);
13 struct passwd *getpwuid(uid_t uid);
15 int getpwnam_r(const char *name, struct passwd *pwd,
17 char *buf, size_t buflen, struct passwd **result);
18 int getpwuid_r(uid_t uid, struct passwd *pwd,
20 char *buf, size_t buflen, struct passwd **result);
21 Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
23 getpwnam_r(), getpwuid_r():
25 _POSIX_C_SOURCE
26 || /* Glibc versions <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
27
29 The getpwnam() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the
30 broken-out fields of the record in the password database (e.g., the
31 local password file /etc/passwd, NIS, and LDAP) that matches the user‐
32 name name.
33 The getpwuid() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the
35 broken-out fields of the record in the password database that matches
36 the user ID uid.
37 The passwd structure is defined in <pwd.h> as follows:
39 struct passwd {
41 char *pw_name; /* username */
42 char *pw_passwd; /* user password */
43 uid_t pw_uid; /* user ID */
44 gid_t pw_gid; /* group ID */
45 char *pw_gecos; /* user information */
46 char *pw_dir; /* home directory */
47 char *pw_shell; /* shell program */
48 };
49 See passwd(5) for more information about these fields.
51 The getpwnam_r() and getpwuid_r() functions obtain the same information
53 as getpwnam() and getpwuid(), but store the retrieved passwd structure
54 in the space pointed to by pwd. The string fields pointed to by the
55 members of the passwd structure are stored in the buffer buf of size
56 buflen. A pointer to the result (in case of success) or NULL (in case
57 no entry was found or an error occurred) is stored in *result.
58 The call
60 sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)
62 returns either -1, without changing errno, or an initial suggested size
64 for buf. (If this size is too small, the call fails with ERANGE, in
65 which case the caller can retry with a larger buffer.)
66
68 The getpwnam() and getpwuid() functions return a pointer to a passwd
69 structure, or NULL if the matching entry is not found or an error
70 occurs. If an error occurs, errno is set appropriately. If one wants
71 to check errno after the call, it should be set to zero before the
72 call.
73 The return value may point to a static area, and may be overwritten by
75 subsequent calls to getpwent(3), getpwnam(), or getpwuid(). (Do not
76 pass the returned pointer to free(3).)
77 On success, getpwnam_r() and getpwuid_r() return zero, and set *result
79 to pwd. If no matching password record was found, these functions
80 return 0 and store NULL in *result. In case of error, an error number
81 is returned, and NULL is stored in *result.
82
84 0 or ENOENT or ESRCH or EBADF or EPERM or ...
85 The given name or uid was not found.
86 EINTR A signal was caught; see signal(7).
88 EIO I/O error.
90 EMFILE The per-process limit on the number of open file descriptors has
92 been reached.
93 ENFILE The system-wide limit on the total number of open files has been
95 reached.
96 ENOMEM Insufficient memory to allocate passwd structure.
98 ERANGE Insufficient buffer space supplied.
100
102 /etc/passwd
103 local password database file
104
106 For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
107 attributes(7).
108 ┌──────────────┬───────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
110 │Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
111 ├──────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
112 │getpwnam() │ Thread safety │ MT-Unsafe race:pwnam locale │
113 ├──────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
114 │getpwuid() │ Thread safety │ MT-Unsafe race:pwuid locale │
115 ├──────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
116 │getpwnam_r(), │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe locale │
117 │getpwuid_r() │ │ │
118 └──────────────┴───────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
120 POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4, 4.3BSD. The pw_gecos field is not
121 specified in POSIX, but is present on most implementations.
122
124 The formulation given above under "RETURN VALUE" is from POSIX.1-2001.
125 It does not call "not found" an error, and hence does not specify what
126 value errno might have in this situation. But that makes it impossible
127 to recognize errors. One might argue that according to POSIX errno
128 should be left unchanged if an entry is not found. Experiments on var‐
129 ious UNIX-like systems show that lots of different values occur in this
130 situation: 0, ENOENT, EBADF, ESRCH, EWOULDBLOCK, EPERM, and probably
131 others.
132 The pw_dir field contains the name of the initial working directory of
134 the user. Login programs use the value of this field to initialize the
135 HOME environment variable for the login shell. An application that
136 wants to determine its user's home directory should inspect the value
137 of HOME (rather than the value getpwuid(getuid())->pw_dir) since this
138 allows the user to modify their notion of "the home directory" during a
139 login session. To determine the (initial) home directory of another
140 user, it is necessary to use getpwnam("username")->pw_dir or similar.
141
143 The program below demonstrates the use of getpwnam_r() to find the full
144 username and user ID for the username supplied as a command-line argu‐
145 ment.
146 #include <pwd.h>
148 #include <stdio.h>
149 #include <stdlib.h>
150 #include <unistd.h>
151 #include <errno.h>
152 int
154 main(int argc, char *argv[])
155 {
156 struct passwd pwd;
157 struct passwd *result;
158 char *buf;
159 size_t bufsize;
160 int s;
161 if (argc != 2) {
163 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s username\n", argv[0]);
164 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
165 }
166 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
168 if (bufsize == -1) /* Value was indeterminate */
169 bufsize = 16384; /* Should be more than enough */
170 buf = malloc(bufsize);
172 if (buf == NULL) {
173 perror("malloc");
174 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
175 }
176 s = getpwnam_r(argv[1], &pwd, buf, bufsize, &result);
178 if (result == NULL) {
179 if (s == 0)
180 printf("Not found\n");
181 else {
182 errno = s;
183 perror("getpwnam_r");
184 }
185 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
186 }
187 printf("Name: %s; UID: %ld\n", pwd.pw_gecos, (long) pwd.pw_uid);
189 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
190 }
191
193 endpwent(3), fgetpwent(3), getgrnam(3), getpw(3), getpwent(3), getsp‐
194 nam(3), putpwent(3), setpwent(3), passwd(5)
195
197 This page is part of release 5.07 of the Linux man-pages project. A
198 description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
199 latest version of this page, can be found at
200 https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
201GNU 2020-06-09 GETPWNAM(3)