1iptables-extensions(8) iptables 1.8.8 iptables-extensions(8)
2
6 iptables-extensions — list of extensions in the standard iptables dis‐
7 tribution
8
10 ip6tables [-m name [module-options...]] [-j target-name [target-op‐
11 tions...]
12 iptables [-m name [module-options...]] [-j target-name [target-op‐
14 tions...]
15
17 iptables can use extended packet matching modules with the -m or
18 --match options, followed by the matching module name; after these,
19 various extra command line options become available, depending on the
20 specific module. You can specify multiple extended match modules in
21 one line, and you can use the -h or --help options after the module has
22 been specified to receive help specific to that module. The extended
23 match modules are evaluated in the order they are specified in the
24 rule.
25 If the -p or --protocol was specified and if and only if an unknown op‐
27 tion is encountered, iptables will try load a match module of the same
28 name as the protocol, to try making the option available.
29 addrtype
31 This module matches packets based on their address type. Address types
32 are used within the kernel networking stack and categorize addresses
33 into various groups. The exact definition of that group depends on the
34 specific layer three protocol.
35 The following address types are possible:
37 UNSPEC an unspecified address (i.e. 0.0.0.0)
39 UNICAST
41 an unicast address
42 LOCAL a local address
44 BROADCAST
46 a broadcast address
47 ANYCAST
49 an anycast packet
50 MULTICAST
52 a multicast address
53 BLACKHOLE
55 a blackhole address
56 UNREACHABLE
58 an unreachable address
59 PROHIBIT
61 a prohibited address
62 THROW FIXME
64 NAT FIXME
66 XRESOLVE
68 [!] --src-type type
70 Matches if the source address is of given type
71 [!] --dst-type type
73 Matches if the destination address is of given type
74 --limit-iface-in
76 The address type checking can be limited to the interface the
77 packet is coming in. This option is only valid in the PREROUT‐
78 ING, INPUT and FORWARD chains. It cannot be specified with the
79 --limit-iface-out option.
80 --limit-iface-out
82 The address type checking can be limited to the interface the
83 packet is going out. This option is only valid in the POSTROUT‐
84 ING, OUTPUT and FORWARD chains. It cannot be specified with the
85 --limit-iface-in option.
86 ah (IPv6-specific)
88 This module matches the parameters in Authentication header of IPsec
89 packets.
90 [!] --ahspi spi[:spi]
92 Matches SPI.
93 [!] --ahlen length
95 Total length of this header in octets.
96 --ahres
98 Matches if the reserved field is filled with zero.
99 ah (IPv4-specific)
101 This module matches the SPIs in Authentication header of IPsec packets.
102 [!] --ahspi spi[:spi]
104 bpf
106 Match using Linux Socket Filter. Expects a path to an eBPF object or a
107 cBPF program in decimal format.
108 --object-pinned path
110 Pass a path to a pinned eBPF object.
111 Applications load eBPF programs into the kernel with the bpf() system
113 call and BPF_PROG_LOAD command and can pin them in a virtual filesystem
114 with BPF_OBJ_PIN. To use a pinned object in iptables, mount the bpf
115 filesystem using
116 mount -t bpf bpf ${BPF_MOUNT}
118 then insert the filter in iptables by path:
120 iptables -A OUTPUT -m bpf --object-pinned
122 ${BPF_MOUNT}/{PINNED_PATH} -j ACCEPT
123 --bytecode code
125 Pass the BPF byte code format as generated by the nfbpf_compile
126 utility.
127 The code format is similar to the output of the tcpdump -ddd command:
129 one line that stores the number of instructions, followed by one line
130 for each instruction. Instruction lines follow the pattern 'u16 u8 u8
131 u32' in decimal notation. Fields encode the operation, jump offset if
132 true, jump offset if false and generic multiuse field 'K'. Comments are
133 not supported.
134 For example, to read only packets matching 'ip proto 6', insert the
136 following, without the comments or trailing whitespace:
137 4 # number of instructions
139 48 0 0 9 # load byte ip->proto
140 21 0 1 6 # jump equal IPPROTO_TCP
141 6 0 0 1 # return pass (non-zero)
142 6 0 0 0 # return fail (zero)
143 You can pass this filter to the bpf match with the following command:
145 iptables -A OUTPUT -m bpf --bytecode '4,48 0 0 9,21 0 1 6,6 0 0
147 1,6 0 0 0' -j ACCEPT
148 Or instead, you can invoke the nfbpf_compile utility.
150 iptables -A OUTPUT -m bpf --bytecode "`nfbpf_compile RAW 'ip
152 proto 6'`" -j ACCEPT
153 Or use tcpdump -ddd. In that case, generate BPF targeting a device with
155 the same data link type as the xtables match. Iptables passes packets
156 from the network layer up, without mac layer. Select a device with data
157 link type RAW, such as a tun device:
158 ip tuntap add tun0 mode tun
160 ip link set tun0 up
161 tcpdump -ddd -i tun0 ip proto 6
162 See tcpdump -L -i $dev for a list of known data link types for a given
164 device.
165 You may want to learn more about BPF from FreeBSD's bpf(4) manpage.
167 cgroup
169 [!] --path path
170 Match cgroup2 membership.
171 Each socket is associated with the v2 cgroup of the creating
173 process. This matches packets coming from or going to all sock‐
174 ets in the sub-hierarchy of the specified path. The path should
175 be relative to the root of the cgroup2 hierarchy.
176 [!] --cgroup classid
178 Match cgroup net_cls classid.
179 classid is the marker set through the cgroup net_cls controller.
181 This option and --path can't be used together.
182 Example:
184 iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 80 -m cgroup ! --path ser‐
186 vice/http-server -j DROP
187 iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 80 -m cgroup ! --cgroup 1 -j
189 DROP
190 IMPORTANT: when being used in the INPUT chain, the cgroup matcher is
192 currently only of limited functionality, meaning it will only match on
193 packets that are processed for local sockets through early socket de‐
194 muxing. Therefore, general usage on the INPUT chain is not advised un‐
195 less the implications are well understood.
196 Available since Linux 3.14.
198 cluster
200 Allows you to deploy gateway and back-end load-sharing clusters without
201 the need of load-balancers.
202 This match requires that all the nodes see the same packets. Thus, the
204 cluster match decides if this node has to handle a packet given the
205 following options:
206 --cluster-total-nodes num
208 Set number of total nodes in cluster.
209 [!] --cluster-local-node num
211 Set the local node number ID.
212 [!] --cluster-local-nodemask mask
214 Set the local node number ID mask. You can use this option in‐
215 stead of --cluster-local-node.
216 --cluster-hash-seed value
218 Set seed value of the Jenkins hash.
219 Example:
221 iptables -A PREROUTING -t mangle -i eth1 -m cluster --clus‐
223 ter-total-nodes 2 --cluster-local-node 1 --cluster-hash-seed
224 0xdeadbeef -j MARK --set-mark 0xffff
225 iptables -A PREROUTING -t mangle -i eth2 -m cluster --clus‐
227 ter-total-nodes 2 --cluster-local-node 1 --cluster-hash-seed
228 0xdeadbeef -j MARK --set-mark 0xffff
229 iptables -A PREROUTING -t mangle -i eth1 -m mark ! --mark 0xffff
231 -j DROP
232 iptables -A PREROUTING -t mangle -i eth2 -m mark ! --mark 0xffff
234 -j DROP
235 And the following commands to make all nodes see the same packets:
237 ip maddr add 01:00:5e:00:01:01 dev eth1
239 ip maddr add 01:00:5e:00:01:02 dev eth2
241 arptables -A OUTPUT -o eth1 --h-length 6 -j mangle --mangle-mac-
243 s 01:00:5e:00:01:01
244 arptables -A INPUT -i eth1 --h-length 6 --destination-mac
246 01:00:5e:00:01:01 -j mangle --mangle-mac-d 00:zz:yy:xx:5a:27
247 arptables -A OUTPUT -o eth2 --h-length 6 -j mangle --man‐
249 gle-mac-s 01:00:5e:00:01:02
250 arptables -A INPUT -i eth2 --h-length 6 --destination-mac
252 01:00:5e:00:01:02 -j mangle --mangle-mac-d 00:zz:yy:xx:5a:27
253 NOTE: the arptables commands above use mainstream syntax. If you are
255 using arptables-jf included in some RedHat, CentOS and Fedora versions,
256 you will hit syntax errors. Therefore, you'll have to adapt these to
257 the arptables-jf syntax to get them working.
258 In the case of TCP connections, pickup facility has to be disabled to
260 avoid marking TCP ACK packets coming in the reply direction as valid.
261 echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_loose
263 comment
265 Allows you to add comments (up to 256 characters) to any rule.
266 --comment comment
268 Example:
270 iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -m comment --comment "my local LAN"
271 connbytes
273 Match by how many bytes or packets a connection (or one of the two
274 flows constituting the connection) has transferred so far, or by aver‐
275 age bytes per packet.
276 The counters are 64-bit and are thus not expected to overflow ;)
278 The primary use is to detect long-lived downloads and mark them to be
280 scheduled using a lower priority band in traffic control.
281 The transferred bytes per connection can also be viewed through `con‐
283 ntrack -L` and accessed via ctnetlink.
284 NOTE that for connections which have no accounting information, the
286 match will always return false. The "net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_acct"
287 sysctl flag controls whether new connections will be byte/packet
288 counted. Existing connection flows will not be gaining/losing a/the ac‐
289 counting structure when be sysctl flag is flipped.
290 [!] --connbytes from[:to]
292 match packets from a connection whose packets/bytes/average
293 packet size is more than FROM and less than TO bytes/packets. if
294 TO is omitted only FROM check is done. "!" is used to match
295 packets not falling in the range.
296 --connbytes-dir {original|reply|both}
298 which packets to consider
299 --connbytes-mode {packets|bytes|avgpkt}
301 whether to check the amount of packets, number of bytes trans‐
302 ferred or the average size (in bytes) of all packets received so
303 far. Note that when "both" is used together with "avgpkt", and
304 data is going (mainly) only in one direction (for example HTTP),
305 the average packet size will be about half of the actual data
306 packets.
307 Example:
309 iptables .. -m connbytes --connbytes 10000:100000
310 --connbytes-dir both --connbytes-mode bytes ...
311 connlabel
313 Module matches or adds connlabels to a connection. connlabels are sim‐
314 ilar to connmarks, except labels are bit-based; i.e. all labels may be
315 attached to a flow at the same time. Up to 128 unique labels are cur‐
316 rently supported.
317 [!] --label name
319 matches if label name has been set on a connection. Instead of
320 a name (which will be translated to a number, see EXAMPLE be‐
321 low), a number may be used instead. Using a number always over‐
322 rides connlabel.conf.
323 --set if the label has not been set on the connection, set it. Note
325 that setting a label can fail. This is because the kernel allo‐
326 cates the conntrack label storage area when the connection is
327 created, and it only reserves the amount of memory required by
328 the ruleset that exists at the time the connection is created.
329 In this case, the match will fail (or succeed, in case --label
330 option was negated).
331 This match depends on libnetfilter_conntrack 1.0.4 or later. Label
333 translation is done via the /etc/xtables/connlabel.conf configuration
334 file.
335 Example:
337 0 eth0-in
339 1 eth0-out
340 2 ppp-in
341 3 ppp-out
342 4 bulk-traffic
343 5 interactive
344 connlimit
346 Allows you to restrict the number of parallel connections to a server
347 per client IP address (or client address block).
348 --connlimit-upto n
350 Match if the number of existing connections is below or equal n.
351 --connlimit-above n
353 Match if the number of existing connections is above n.
354 --connlimit-mask prefix_length
356 Group hosts using the prefix length. For IPv4, this must be a
357 number between (including) 0 and 32. For IPv6, between 0 and
358 128. If not specified, the maximum prefix length for the appli‐
359 cable protocol is used.
360 --connlimit-saddr
362 Apply the limit onto the source group. This is the default if
363 --connlimit-daddr is not specified.
364 --connlimit-daddr
366 Apply the limit onto the destination group.
367 Examples:
369 # allow 2 telnet connections per client host
371 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --syn --dport 23 -m connlimit
372 --connlimit-above 2 -j REJECT
373 # you can also match the other way around:
375 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --syn --dport 23 -m connlimit
376 --connlimit-upto 2 -j ACCEPT
377 # limit the number of parallel HTTP requests to 16 per class C sized
379 source network (24 bit netmask)
380 iptables -p tcp --syn --dport 80 -m connlimit --connlimit-above
381 16 --connlimit-mask 24 -j REJECT
382 # limit the number of parallel HTTP requests to 16 for the link local
384 network
385 (ipv6) ip6tables -p tcp --syn --dport 80 -s fe80::/64 -m
386 connlimit --connlimit-above 16 --connlimit-mask 64 -j REJECT
387 # Limit the number of connections to a particular host:
389 ip6tables -p tcp --syn --dport 49152:65535 -d 2001:db8::1 -m
390 connlimit --connlimit-above 100 -j REJECT
391 connmark
393 This module matches the netfilter mark field associated with a connec‐
394 tion (which can be set using the CONNMARK target below).
395 [!] --mark value[/mask]
397 Matches packets in connections with the given mark value (if a
398 mask is specified, this is logically ANDed with the mark before
399 the comparison).
400 conntrack
402 This module, when combined with connection tracking, allows access to
403 the connection tracking state for this packet/connection.
404 [!] --ctstate statelist
406 statelist is a comma separated list of the connection states to
407 match. Possible states are listed below.
408 [!] --ctproto l4proto
410 Layer-4 protocol to match (by number or name)
411 [!] --ctorigsrc address[/mask]
413 [!] --ctorigdst address[/mask]
415 [!] --ctreplsrc address[/mask]
417 [!] --ctrepldst address[/mask]
419 Match against original/reply source/destination address
420 [!] --ctorigsrcport port[:port]
422 [!] --ctorigdstport port[:port]
424 [!] --ctreplsrcport port[:port]
426 [!] --ctrepldstport port[:port]
428 Match against original/reply source/destination port
429 (TCP/UDP/etc.) or GRE key. Matching against port ranges is only
430 supported in kernel versions above 2.6.38.
431 [!] --ctstatus statelist
433 statuslist is a comma separated list of the connection statuses
434 to match. Possible statuses are listed below.
435 [!] --ctexpire time[:time]
437 Match remaining lifetime in seconds against given value or range
438 of values (inclusive)
439 --ctdir {ORIGINAL|REPLY}
441 Match packets that are flowing in the specified direction. If
442 this flag is not specified at all, matches packets in both di‐
443 rections.
444 States for --ctstate:
446 INVALID
448 The packet is associated with no known connection.
449 NEW The packet has started a new connection or otherwise associated
451 with a connection which has not seen packets in both directions.
452 ESTABLISHED
454 The packet is associated with a connection which has seen pack‐
455 ets in both directions.
456 RELATED
458 The packet is starting a new connection, but is associated with
459 an existing connection, such as an FTP data transfer or an ICMP
460 error.
461 UNTRACKED
463 The packet is not tracked at all, which happens if you explic‐
464 itly untrack it by using -j CT --notrack in the raw table.
465 SNAT A virtual state, matching if the original source address differs
467 from the reply destination.
468 DNAT A virtual state, matching if the original destination differs
470 from the reply source.
471 Statuses for --ctstatus:
473 NONE None of the below.
475 EXPECTED
477 This is an expected connection (i.e. a conntrack helper set it
478 up).
479 SEEN_REPLY
481 Conntrack has seen packets in both directions.
482 ASSURED
484 Conntrack entry should never be early-expired.
485 CONFIRMED
487 Connection is confirmed: originating packet has left box.
488 cpu
490 [!] --cpu number
491 Match cpu handling this packet. cpus are numbered from 0 to
492 NR_CPUS-1 Can be used in combination with RPS (Remote Packet
493 Steering) or multiqueue NICs to spread network traffic on dif‐
494 ferent queues.
495 Example:
497 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -m cpu --cpu 0 -j REDI‐
499 RECT --to-port 8080
500 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -m cpu --cpu 1 -j REDI‐
502 RECT --to-port 8081
503 Available since Linux 2.6.36.
505 dccp
507 [!] --source-port,--sport port[:port]
508 [!] --destination-port,--dport port[:port]
510 [!] --dccp-types mask
512 Match when the DCCP packet type is one of 'mask'. 'mask' is a
513 comma-separated list of packet types. Packet types are: REQUEST
514 RESPONSE DATA ACK DATAACK CLOSEREQ CLOSE RESET SYNC SYNCACK IN‐
515 VALID.
516 [!] --dccp-option number
518 Match if DCCP option set.
519 devgroup
521 Match device group of a packet's incoming/outgoing interface.
522 [!] --src-group name
524 Match device group of incoming device
525 [!] --dst-group name
527 Match device group of outgoing device
528 dscp
530 This module matches the 6 bit DSCP field within the TOS field in the IP
531 header. DSCP has superseded TOS within the IETF.
532 [!] --dscp value
534 Match against a numeric (decimal or hex) value [0-63].
535 [!] --dscp-class class
537 Match the DiffServ class. This value may be any of the BE, EF,
538 AFxx or CSx classes. It will then be converted into its accord‐
539 ing numeric value.
540 dst (IPv6-specific)
542 This module matches the parameters in Destination Options header
543 [!] --dst-len length
545 Total length of this header in octets.
546 --dst-opts type[:length][,type[:length]...]
548 numeric type of option and the length of the option data in
549 octets.
550 ecn
552 This allows you to match the ECN bits of the IPv4/IPv6 and TCP header.
553 ECN is the Explicit Congestion Notification mechanism as specified in
554 RFC3168
555 [!] --ecn-tcp-cwr
557 This matches if the TCP ECN CWR (Congestion Window Received) bit
558 is set.
559 [!] --ecn-tcp-ece
561 This matches if the TCP ECN ECE (ECN Echo) bit is set.
562 [!] --ecn-ip-ect num
564 This matches a particular IPv4/IPv6 ECT (ECN-Capable Transport).
565 You have to specify a number between `0' and `3'.
566 esp
568 This module matches the SPIs in ESP header of IPsec packets.
569 [!] --espspi spi[:spi]
571 eui64 (IPv6-specific)
573 This module matches the EUI-64 part of a stateless autoconfigured IPv6
574 address. It compares the EUI-64 derived from the source MAC address in
575 Ethernet frame with the lower 64 bits of the IPv6 source address. But
576 "Universal/Local" bit is not compared. This module doesn't match other
577 link layer frame, and is only valid in the PREROUTING, INPUT and FOR‐
578 WARD chains.
579 frag (IPv6-specific)
581 This module matches the parameters in Fragment header.
582 [!] --fragid id[:id]
584 Matches the given Identification or range of it.
585 [!] --fraglen length
587 This option cannot be used with kernel version 2.6.10 or later.
588 The length of Fragment header is static and this option doesn't
589 make sense.
590 --fragres
592 Matches if the reserved fields are filled with zero.
593 --fragfirst
595 Matches on the first fragment.
596 --fragmore
598 Matches if there are more fragments.
599 --fraglast
601 Matches if this is the last fragment.
602 hashlimit
604 hashlimit uses hash buckets to express a rate limiting match (like the
605 limit match) for a group of connections using a single iptables rule.
606 Grouping can be done per-hostgroup (source and/or destination address)
607 and/or per-port. It gives you the ability to express "N packets per
608 time quantum per group" or "N bytes per seconds" (see below for some
609 examples).
610 A hash limit option (--hashlimit-upto, --hashlimit-above) and --hash‐
612 limit-name are required.
613 --hashlimit-upto amount[/second|/minute|/hour|/day]
615 Match if the rate is below or equal to amount/quantum. It is
616 specified either as a number, with an optional time quantum suf‐
617 fix (the default is 3/hour), or as amountb/second (number of
618 bytes per second).
619 --hashlimit-above amount[/second|/minute|/hour|/day]
621 Match if the rate is above amount/quantum.
622 --hashlimit-burst amount
624 Maximum initial number of packets to match: this number gets
625 recharged by one every time the limit specified above is not
626 reached, up to this number; the default is 5. When byte-based
627 rate matching is requested, this option specifies the amount of
628 bytes that can exceed the given rate. This option should be
629 used with caution -- if the entry expires, the burst value is
630 reset too.
631 --hashlimit-mode {srcip|srcport|dstip|dstport},...
633 A comma-separated list of objects to take into consideration. If
634 no --hashlimit-mode option is given, hashlimit acts like limit,
635 but at the expensive of doing the hash housekeeping.
636 --hashlimit-srcmask prefix
638 When --hashlimit-mode srcip is used, all source addresses en‐
639 countered will be grouped according to the given prefix length
640 and the so-created subnet will be subject to hashlimit. prefix
641 must be between (inclusive) 0 and 32. Note that --hashlimit-src‐
642 mask 0 is basically doing the same thing as not specifying srcip
643 for --hashlimit-mode, but is technically more expensive.
644 --hashlimit-dstmask prefix
646 Like --hashlimit-srcmask, but for destination addresses.
647 --hashlimit-name foo
649 The name for the /proc/net/ipt_hashlimit/foo entry.
650 --hashlimit-htable-size buckets
652 The number of buckets of the hash table
653 --hashlimit-htable-max entries
655 Maximum entries in the hash.
656 --hashlimit-htable-expire msec
658 After how many milliseconds do hash entries expire.
659 --hashlimit-htable-gcinterval msec
661 How many milliseconds between garbage collection intervals.
662 --hashlimit-rate-match
664 Classify the flow instead of rate-limiting it. This acts like a
665 true/false match on whether the rate is above/below a certain
666 number
667 --hashlimit-rate-interval sec
669 Can be used with --hashlimit-rate-match to specify the interval
670 at which the rate should be sampled
671 Examples:
673 matching on source host
675 "1000 packets per second for every host in 192.168.0.0/16" => -s
676 192.168.0.0/16 --hashlimit-mode srcip --hashlimit-upto 1000/sec
677 matching on source port
679 "100 packets per second for every service of 192.168.1.1" => -s
680 192.168.1.1 --hashlimit-mode srcport --hashlimit-upto 100/sec
681 matching on subnet
683 "10000 packets per minute for every /28 subnet (groups of 8 ad‐
684 dresses) in 10.0.0.0/8" => -s 10.0.0.0/8 --hashlimit-mask 28
685 --hashlimit-upto 10000/min
686 matching bytes per second
688 "flows exceeding 512kbyte/s" => --hashlimit-mode srcip,dstip,sr‐
689 cport,dstport --hashlimit-above 512kb/s
690 matching bytes per second
692 "hosts that exceed 512kbyte/s, but permit up to 1Megabytes with‐
693 out matching" --hashlimit-mode dstip --hashlimit-above 512kb/s
694 --hashlimit-burst 1mb
695 hbh (IPv6-specific)
697 This module matches the parameters in Hop-by-Hop Options header
698 [!] --hbh-len length
700 Total length of this header in octets.
701 --hbh-opts type[:length][,type[:length]...]
703 numeric type of option and the length of the option data in
704 octets.
705 helper
707 This module matches packets related to a specific conntrack-helper.
708 [!] --helper string
710 Matches packets related to the specified conntrack-helper.
711 string can be "ftp" for packets related to a ftp-session on de‐
713 fault port. For other ports append -portnr to the value, ie.
714 "ftp-2121".
715 Same rules apply for other conntrack-helpers.
717 hl (IPv6-specific)
719 This module matches the Hop Limit field in the IPv6 header.
720 [!] --hl-eq value
722 Matches if Hop Limit equals value.
723 --hl-lt value
725 Matches if Hop Limit is less than value.
726 --hl-gt value
728 Matches if Hop Limit is greater than value.
729 icmp (IPv4-specific)
731 This extension can be used if `--protocol icmp' is specified. It pro‐
732 vides the following option:
733 [!] --icmp-type {type[/code]|typename}
735 This allows specification of the ICMP type, which can be a nu‐
736 meric ICMP type, type/code pair, or one of the ICMP type names
737 shown by the command
738 iptables -p icmp -h
739 icmp6 (IPv6-specific)
741 This extension can be used if `--protocol ipv6-icmp' or `--protocol
742 icmpv6' is specified. It provides the following option:
743 [!] --icmpv6-type type[/code]|typename
745 This allows specification of the ICMPv6 type, which can be a nu‐
746 meric ICMPv6 type, type and code, or one of the ICMPv6 type
747 names shown by the command
748 ip6tables -p ipv6-icmp -h
749 iprange
751 This matches on a given arbitrary range of IP addresses.
752 [!] --src-range from[-to]
754 Match source IP in the specified range.
755 [!] --dst-range from[-to]
757 Match destination IP in the specified range.
758 ipv6header (IPv6-specific)
760 This module matches IPv6 extension headers and/or upper layer header.
761 --soft Matches if the packet includes any of the headers specified with
763 --header.
764 [!] --header header[,header...]
766 Matches the packet which EXACTLY includes all specified headers.
767 The headers encapsulated with ESP header are out of scope. Pos‐
768 sible header types can be:
769 hop|hop-by-hop
771 Hop-by-Hop Options header
772 dst Destination Options header
774 route Routing header
776 frag Fragment header
778 auth Authentication header
780 esp Encapsulating Security Payload header
782 none No Next header which matches 59 in the 'Next Header field' of
784 IPv6 header or any IPv6 extension headers
785 prot which matches any upper layer protocol header. A protocol name
787 from /etc/protocols and numeric value also allowed. The number
788 255 is equivalent to prot.
789 ipvs
791 Match IPVS connection properties.
792 [!] --ipvs
794 packet belongs to an IPVS connection
795 Any of the following options implies --ipvs (even negated)
797 [!] --vproto protocol
799 VIP protocol to match; by number or name, e.g. "tcp"
800 [!] --vaddr address[/mask]
802 VIP address to match
803 [!] --vport port
805 VIP port to match; by number or name, e.g. "http"
806 --vdir {ORIGINAL|REPLY}
808 flow direction of packet
809 [!] --vmethod {GATE|IPIP|MASQ}
811 IPVS forwarding method used
812 [!] --vportctl port
814 VIP port of the controlling connection to match, e.g. 21 for FTP
815 length
817 This module matches the length of the layer-3 payload (e.g. layer-4
818 packet) of a packet against a specific value or range of values.
819 [!] --length length[:length]
821 limit
823 This module matches at a limited rate using a token bucket filter. A
824 rule using this extension will match until this limit is reached. It
825 can be used in combination with the LOG target to give limited logging,
826 for example.
827 xt_limit has no negation support - you will have to use -m hashlimit !
829 --hashlimit rate in this case whilst omitting --hashlimit-mode.
830 --limit rate[/second|/minute|/hour|/day]
832 Maximum average matching rate: specified as a number, with an
833 optional `/second', `/minute', `/hour', or `/day' suffix; the
834 default is 3/hour.
835 --limit-burst number
837 Maximum initial number of packets to match: this number gets
838 recharged by one every time the limit specified above is not
839 reached, up to this number; the default is 5.
840 mac
842 [!] --mac-source address
843 Match source MAC address. It must be of the form
844 XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX. Note that this only makes sense for packets
845 coming from an Ethernet device and entering the PREROUTING, FOR‐
846 WARD or INPUT chains.
847 mark
849 This module matches the netfilter mark field associated with a packet
850 (which can be set using the MARK target below).
851 [!] --mark value[/mask]
853 Matches packets with the given unsigned mark value (if a mask is
854 specified, this is logically ANDed with the mask before the com‐
855 parison).
856 mh (IPv6-specific)
858 This extension is loaded if `--protocol ipv6-mh' or `--protocol mh' is
859 specified. It provides the following option:
860 [!] --mh-type type[:type]
862 This allows specification of the Mobility Header(MH) type, which
863 can be a numeric MH type, type or one of the MH type names shown
864 by the command
865 ip6tables -p mh -h
866 multiport
868 This module matches a set of source or destination ports. Up to 15
869 ports can be specified. A port range (port:port) counts as two ports.
870 It can only be used in conjunction with one of the following protocols:
871 tcp, udp, udplite, dccp and sctp.
872 [!] --source-ports,--sports port[,port|,port:port]...
874 Match if the source port is one of the given ports. The flag
875 --sports is a convenient alias for this option. Multiple ports
876 or port ranges are separated using a comma, and a port range is
877 specified using a colon. 53,1024:65535 would therefore match
878 ports 53 and all from 1024 through 65535.
879 [!] --destination-ports,--dports port[,port|,port:port]...
881 Match if the destination port is one of the given ports. The
882 flag --dports is a convenient alias for this option.
883 [!] --ports port[,port|,port:port]...
885 Match if either the source or destination ports are equal to one
886 of the given ports.
887 nfacct
889 The nfacct match provides the extended accounting infrastructure for
890 iptables. You have to use this match together with the standalone
891 user-space utility nfacct(8)
892 The only option available for this match is the following:
894 --nfacct-name name
896 This allows you to specify the existing object name that will be
897 use for accounting the traffic that this rule-set is matching.
898 To use this extension, you have to create an accounting object:
900 nfacct add http-traffic
902 Then, you have to attach it to the accounting object via iptables:
904 iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --sport 80 -m nfacct --nfacct-name
906 http-traffic
907 iptables -I OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m nfacct --nfacct-name
909 http-traffic
910 Then, you can check for the amount of traffic that the rules match:
912 nfacct get http-traffic
914 { pkts = 00000000000000000156, bytes = 00000000000000151786 } =
916 http-traffic;
917 You can obtain nfacct(8) from http://www.netfilter.org or, alterna‐
919 tively, from the git.netfilter.org repository.
920 osf
922 The osf module does passive operating system fingerprinting. This mod‐
923 ule compares some data (Window Size, MSS, options and their order, TTL,
924 DF, and others) from packets with the SYN bit set.
925 [!] --genre string
927 Match an operating system genre by using a passive fingerprint‐
928 ing.
929 --ttl level
931 Do additional TTL checks on the packet to determine the operat‐
932 ing system. level can be one of the following values:
933 • 0 - True IP address and fingerprint TTL comparison. This generally
935 works for LANs.
936 • 1 - Check if the IP header's TTL is less than the fingerprint one.
938 Works for globally-routable addresses.
939 • 2 - Do not compare the TTL at all.
941 --log level
943 Log determined genres into dmesg even if they do not match the de‐
944 sired one. level can be one of the following values:
945 • 0 - Log all matched or unknown signatures
947 • 1 - Log only the first one
949 • 2 - Log all known matched signatures
951 You may find something like this in syslog:
953 Windows [2000:SP3:Windows XP Pro SP1, 2000 SP3]: 11.22.33.55:4024 ->
955 11.22.33.44:139 hops=3 Linux [2.5-2.6:] : 1.2.3.4:42624 -> 1.2.3.5:22
956 hops=4
957 OS fingerprints are loadable using the nfnl_osf program. To load fin‐
959 gerprints from a file, use:
960 nfnl_osf -f /usr/share/xtables/pf.os
962 To remove them again,
964 nfnl_osf -f /usr/share/xtables/pf.os -d
966 The fingerprint database can be downloaded from http://www.open‐
968 bsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/etc/pf.os .
969 owner
971 This module attempts to match various characteristics of the packet
972 creator, for locally generated packets. This match is only valid in the
973 OUTPUT and POSTROUTING chains. Forwarded packets do not have any socket
974 associated with them. Packets from kernel threads do have a socket, but
975 usually no owner.
976 [!] --uid-owner username
978 [!] --uid-owner userid[-userid]
980 Matches if the packet socket's file structure (if it has one) is
981 owned by the given user. You may also specify a numerical UID,
982 or an UID range.
983 [!] --gid-owner groupname
985 [!] --gid-owner groupid[-groupid]
987 Matches if the packet socket's file structure is owned by the
988 given group. You may also specify a numerical GID, or a GID
989 range.
990 --suppl-groups
992 Causes group(s) specified with --gid-owner to be also checked in
993 the supplementary groups of a process.
994 [!] --socket-exists
996 Matches if the packet is associated with a socket.
997 physdev
999 This module matches on the bridge port input and output devices en‐
1000 slaved to a bridge device. This module is a part of the infrastructure
1001 that enables a transparent bridging IP firewall and is only useful for
1002 kernel versions above version 2.5.44.
1003 [!] --physdev-in name
1005 Name of a bridge port via which a packet is received (only for
1006 packets entering the INPUT, FORWARD and PREROUTING chains). If
1007 the interface name ends in a "+", then any interface which be‐
1008 gins with this name will match. If the packet didn't arrive
1009 through a bridge device, this packet won't match this option,
1010 unless '!' is used.
1011 [!] --physdev-out name
1013 Name of a bridge port via which a packet is going to be sent
1014 (for bridged packets entering the FORWARD and POSTROUTING
1015 chains). If the interface name ends in a "+", then any inter‐
1016 face which begins with this name will match.
1017 [!] --physdev-is-in
1019 Matches if the packet has entered through a bridge interface.
1020 [!] --physdev-is-out
1022 Matches if the packet will leave through a bridge interface.
1023 [!] --physdev-is-bridged
1025 Matches if the packet is being bridged and therefore is not be‐
1026 ing routed. This is only useful in the FORWARD and POSTROUTING
1027 chains.
1028 pkttype
1030 This module matches the link-layer packet type.
1031 [!] --pkt-type {unicast|broadcast|multicast}
1033 policy
1035 This module matches the policy used by IPsec for handling a packet.
1036 --dir {in|out}
1038 Used to select whether to match the policy used for decapsula‐
1039 tion or the policy that will be used for encapsulation. in is
1040 valid in the PREROUTING, INPUT and FORWARD chains, out is valid
1041 in the POSTROUTING, OUTPUT and FORWARD chains.
1042 --pol {none|ipsec}
1044 Matches if the packet is subject to IPsec processing. --pol none
1045 cannot be combined with --strict.
1046 --strict
1048 Selects whether to match the exact policy or match if any rule
1049 of the policy matches the given policy.
1050 For each policy element that is to be described, one can use one or
1052 more of the following options. When --strict is in effect, at least one
1053 must be used per element.
1054 [!] --reqid id
1056 Matches the reqid of the policy rule. The reqid can be specified
1057 with setkey(8) using unique:id as level.
1058 [!] --spi spi
1060 Matches the SPI of the SA.
1061 [!] --proto {ah|esp|ipcomp}
1063 Matches the encapsulation protocol.
1064 [!] --mode {tunnel|transport}
1066 Matches the encapsulation mode.
1067 [!] --tunnel-src addr[/mask]
1069 Matches the source end-point address of a tunnel mode SA. Only
1070 valid with --mode tunnel.
1071 [!] --tunnel-dst addr[/mask]
1073 Matches the destination end-point address of a tunnel mode SA.
1074 Only valid with --mode tunnel.
1075 --next Start the next element in the policy specification. Can only be
1077 used with --strict.
1078 quota
1080 Implements network quotas by decrementing a byte counter with each
1081 packet. The condition matches until the byte counter reaches zero. Be‐
1082 havior is reversed with negation (i.e. the condition does not match un‐
1083 til the byte counter reaches zero).
1084 [!] --quota bytes
1086 The quota in bytes.
1087 rateest
1089 The rate estimator can match on estimated rates as collected by the RA‐
1090 TEEST target. It supports matching on absolute bps/pps values, compar‐
1091 ing two rate estimators and matching on the difference between two rate
1092 estimators.
1093 For a better understanding of the available options, these are all pos‐
1095 sible combinations:
1096 • rateest operator rateest-bps
1098 • rateest operator rateest-pps
1100 • (rateest minus rateest-bps1) operator rateest-bps2
1102 • (rateest minus rateest-pps1) operator rateest-pps2
1104 • rateest1 operator rateest2 rateest-bps(without rate!)
1106 • rateest1 operator rateest2 rateest-pps(without rate!)
1108 • (rateest1 minus rateest-bps1) operator (rateest2 minus rateest-
1110 bps2)
1111 • (rateest1 minus rateest-pps1) operator (rateest2 minus rateest-
1113 pps2)
1114 --rateest-delta
1116 For each estimator (either absolute or relative mode), calculate
1117 the difference between the estimator-determined flow rate and the
1118 static value chosen with the BPS/PPS options. If the flow rate is
1119 higher than the specified BPS/PPS, 0 will be used instead of a neg‐
1120 ative value. In other words, "max(0, rateest#_rate - rateest#_bps)"
1121 is used.
1122 [!] --rateest-lt
1124 Match if rate is less than given rate/estimator.
1125 [!] --rateest-gt
1127 Match if rate is greater than given rate/estimator.
1128 [!] --rateest-eq
1130 Match if rate is equal to given rate/estimator.
1131 In the so-called "absolute mode", only one rate estimator is used and
1133 compared against a static value, while in "relative mode", two rate es‐
1134 timators are compared against another.
1135 --rateest name
1137 Name of the one rate estimator for absolute mode.
1138 --rateest1 name
1140 --rateest2 name
1142 The names of the two rate estimators for relative mode.
1143 --rateest-bps [value]
1145 --rateest-pps [value]
1147 --rateest-bps1 [value]
1149 --rateest-bps2 [value]
1151 --rateest-pps1 [value]
1153 --rateest-pps2 [value]
1155 Compare the estimator(s) by bytes or packets per second, and
1156 compare against the chosen value. See the above bullet list for
1157 which option is to be used in which case. A unit suffix may be
1158 used - available ones are: bit, [kmgt]bit, [KMGT]ibit, Bps,
1159 [KMGT]Bps, [KMGT]iBps.
1160 Example: This is what can be used to route outgoing data connections
1162 from an FTP server over two lines based on the available bandwidth at
1163 the time the data connection was started:
1164 # Estimate outgoing rates
1166 iptables -t mangle -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j RATEEST --rateest-name
1168 eth0 --rateest-interval 250ms --rateest-ewma 0.5s
1169 iptables -t mangle -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j RATEEST --rateest-name
1171 ppp0 --rateest-interval 250ms --rateest-ewma 0.5s
1172 # Mark based on available bandwidth
1174 iptables -t mangle -A balance -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m helper
1176 --helper ftp -m rateest --rateest-delta --rateest1 eth0 --rateest-bps1
1177 2.5mbit --rateest-gt --rateest2 ppp0 --rateest-bps2 2mbit -j CONNMARK
1178 --set-mark 1
1179 iptables -t mangle -A balance -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m helper
1181 --helper ftp -m rateest --rateest-delta --rateest1 ppp0 --rateest-bps1
1182 2mbit --rateest-gt --rateest2 eth0 --rateest-bps2 2.5mbit -j CONNMARK
1183 --set-mark 2
1184 iptables -t mangle -A balance -j CONNMARK --restore-mark
1186 realm (IPv4-specific)
1188 This matches the routing realm. Routing realms are used in complex
1189 routing setups involving dynamic routing protocols like BGP.
1190 [!] --realm value[/mask]
1192 Matches a given realm number (and optionally mask). If not a
1193 number, value can be a named realm from /etc/iproute2/rt_realms
1194 (mask can not be used in that case). Both value and mask are
1195 four byte unsigned integers and may be specified in decimal, hex
1196 (by prefixing with "0x") or octal (if a leading zero is given).
1197 recent
1199 Allows you to dynamically create a list of IP addresses and then match
1200 against that list in a few different ways.
1201 For example, you can create a "badguy" list out of people attempting to
1203 connect to port 139 on your firewall and then DROP all future packets
1204 from them without considering them.
1205 --set, --rcheck, --update and --remove are mutually exclusive.
1207 --name name
1209 Specify the list to use for the commands. If no name is given
1210 then DEFAULT will be used.
1211 [!] --set
1213 This will add the source address of the packet to the list. If
1214 the source address is already in the list, this will update the
1215 existing entry. This will always return success (or failure if !
1216 is passed in).
1217 --rsource
1219 Match/save the source address of each packet in the recent list
1220 table. This is the default.
1221 --rdest
1223 Match/save the destination address of each packet in the recent
1224 list table.
1225 --mask netmask
1227 Netmask that will be applied to this recent list.
1228 [!] --rcheck
1230 Check if the source address of the packet is currently in the
1231 list.
1232 [!] --update
1234 Like --rcheck, except it will update the "last seen" timestamp
1235 if it matches.
1236 [!] --remove
1238 Check if the source address of the packet is currently in the
1239 list and if so that address will be removed from the list and
1240 the rule will return true. If the address is not found, false is
1241 returned.
1242 --seconds seconds
1244 This option must be used in conjunction with one of --rcheck or
1245 --update. When used, this will narrow the match to only happen
1246 when the address is in the list and was seen within the last
1247 given number of seconds.
1248 --reap This option can only be used in conjunction with --seconds.
1250 When used, this will cause entries older than the last given
1251 number of seconds to be purged.
1252 --hitcount hits
1254 This option must be used in conjunction with one of --rcheck or
1255 --update. When used, this will narrow the match to only happen
1256 when the address is in the list and packets had been received
1257 greater than or equal to the given value. This option may be
1258 used along with --seconds to create an even narrower match re‐
1259 quiring a certain number of hits within a specific time frame.
1260 The maximum value for the hitcount parameter is given by the
1261 "ip_pkt_list_tot" parameter of the xt_recent kernel module. Ex‐
1262 ceeding this value on the command line will cause the rule to be
1263 rejected.
1264 --rttl This option may only be used in conjunction with one of --rcheck
1266 or --update. When used, this will narrow the match to only hap‐
1267 pen when the address is in the list and the TTL of the current
1268 packet matches that of the packet which hit the --set rule. This
1269 may be useful if you have problems with people faking their
1270 source address in order to DoS you via this module by disallow‐
1271 ing others access to your site by sending bogus packets to you.
1272 Examples:
1274 iptables -A FORWARD -m recent --name badguy --rcheck --seconds
1276 60 -j DROP
1277 iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -i eth0 --dport 139 -m recent --name
1279 badguy --set -j DROP
1280 /proc/net/xt_recent/* are the current lists of addresses and informa‐
1282 tion about each entry of each list.
1283 Each file in /proc/net/xt_recent/ can be read from to see the current
1285 list or written two using the following commands to modify the list:
1286 echo +addr >/proc/net/xt_recent/DEFAULT
1288 to add addr to the DEFAULT list
1289 echo -addr >/proc/net/xt_recent/DEFAULT
1291 to remove addr from the DEFAULT list
1292 echo / >/proc/net/xt_recent/DEFAULT
1294 to flush the DEFAULT list (remove all entries).
1295 The module itself accepts parameters, defaults shown:
1297 ip_list_tot=100
1299 Number of addresses remembered per table.
1300 ip_pkt_list_tot=20
1302 Number of packets per address remembered.
1303 ip_list_hash_size=0
1305 Hash table size. 0 means to calculate it based on ip_list_tot,
1306 default: 512.
1307 ip_list_perms=0644
1309 Permissions for /proc/net/xt_recent/* files.
1310 ip_list_uid=0
1312 Numerical UID for ownership of /proc/net/xt_recent/* files.
1313 ip_list_gid=0
1315 Numerical GID for ownership of /proc/net/xt_recent/* files.
1316 rpfilter
1318 Performs a reverse path filter test on a packet. If a reply to the
1319 packet would be sent via the same interface that the packet arrived on,
1320 the packet will match. Note that, unlike the in-kernel rp_filter,
1321 packets protected by IPSec are not treated specially. Combine this
1322 match with the policy match if you want this. Also, packets arriving
1323 via the loopback interface are always permitted. This match can only
1324 be used in the PREROUTING chain of the raw or mangle table.
1325 --loose
1327 Used to specify that the reverse path filter test should match
1328 even if the selected output device is not the expected one.
1329 --validmark
1331 Also use the packets' nfmark value when performing the reverse
1332 path route lookup.
1333 --accept-local
1335 This will permit packets arriving from the network with a source
1336 address that is also assigned to the local machine.
1337 --invert
1339 This will invert the sense of the match. Instead of matching
1340 packets that passed the reverse path filter test, match those
1341 that have failed it.
1342 Example to log and drop packets failing the reverse path filter test:
1344 iptables -t raw -N RPFILTER
1346 iptables -t raw -A RPFILTER -m rpfilter -j RETURN
1348 iptables -t raw -A RPFILTER -m limit --limit 10/minute -j NFLOG
1350 --nflog-prefix "rpfilter drop"
1351 iptables -t raw -A RPFILTER -j DROP
1353 iptables -t raw -A PREROUTING -j RPFILTER
1355 Example to drop failed packets, without logging:
1357 iptables -t raw -A RPFILTER -m rpfilter --invert -j DROP
1359 rt (IPv6-specific)
1361 Match on IPv6 routing header
1362 [!] --rt-type type
1364 Match the type (numeric).
1365 [!] --rt-segsleft num[:num]
1367 Match the `segments left' field (range).
1368 [!] --rt-len length
1370 Match the length of this header.
1371 --rt-0-res
1373 Match the reserved field, too (type=0)
1374 --rt-0-addrs addr[,addr...]
1376 Match type=0 addresses (list).
1377 --rt-0-not-strict
1379 List of type=0 addresses is not a strict list.
1380 sctp
1382 This module matches Stream Control Transmission Protocol headers.
1383 [!] --source-port,--sport port[:port]
1385 [!] --destination-port,--dport port[:port]
1387 [!] --chunk-types {all|any|only} chunktype[:flags] [...]
1389 The flag letter in upper case indicates that the flag is to
1390 match if set, in the lower case indicates to match if unset.
1391 Match types:
1393 all Match if all given chunk types are present and flags match.
1395 any Match if any of the given chunk types is present with given
1397 flags.
1398 only Match if only the given chunk types are present with given flags
1400 and none are missing.
1401 Chunk types: DATA INIT INIT_ACK SACK HEARTBEAT HEARTBEAT_ACK
1403 ABORT SHUTDOWN SHUTDOWN_ACK ERROR COOKIE_ECHO COOKIE_ACK
1404 ECN_ECNE ECN_CWR SHUTDOWN_COMPLETE ASCONF ASCONF_ACK FORWARD_TSN
1405 chunk type available flags
1407 DATA I U B E i u b e
1408 ABORT T t
1409 SHUTDOWN_COMPLETE T t
1410 (lowercase means flag should be "off", uppercase means "on")
1412 Examples:
1414 iptables -A INPUT -p sctp --dport 80 -j DROP
1416 iptables -A INPUT -p sctp --chunk-types any DATA,INIT -j DROP
1418 iptables -A INPUT -p sctp --chunk-types any DATA:Be -j ACCEPT
1420 set
1422 This module matches IP sets which can be defined by ipset(8).
1423 [!] --match-set setname flag[,flag]...
1425 where flags are the comma separated list of src and/or dst spec‐
1426 ifications and there can be no more than six of them. Hence the
1427 command
1428 iptables -A FORWARD -m set --match-set test src,dst
1430 will match packets, for which (if the set type is ipportmap) the
1432 source address and destination port pair can be found in the
1433 specified set. If the set type of the specified set is single
1434 dimension (for example ipmap), then the command will match pack‐
1435 ets for which the source address can be found in the specified
1436 set.
1437 --return-nomatch
1439 If the --return-nomatch option is specified and the set type
1440 supports the nomatch flag, then the matching is reversed: a
1441 match with an element flagged with nomatch returns true, while a
1442 match with a plain element returns false.
1443 ! --update-counters
1445 If the --update-counters flag is negated, then the packet and
1446 byte counters of the matching element in the set won't be up‐
1447 dated. Default the packet and byte counters are updated.
1448 ! --update-subcounters
1450 If the --update-subcounters flag is negated, then the packet and
1451 byte counters of the matching element in the member set of a
1452 list type of set won't be updated. Default the packet and byte
1453 counters are updated.
1454 [!] --packets-eq value
1456 If the packet is matched an element in the set, match only if
1457 the packet counter of the element matches the given value too.
1458 --packets-lt value
1460 If the packet is matched an element in the set, match only if
1461 the packet counter of the element is less than the given value
1462 as well.
1463 --packets-gt value
1465 If the packet is matched an element in the set, match only if
1466 the packet counter of the element is greater than the given
1467 value as well.
1468 [!] --bytes-eq value
1470 If the packet is matched an element in the set, match only if
1471 the byte counter of the element matches the given value too.
1472 --bytes-lt value
1474 If the packet is matched an element in the set, match only if
1475 the byte counter of the element is less than the given value as
1476 well.
1477 --bytes-gt value
1479 If the packet is matched an element in the set, match only if
1480 the byte counter of the element is greater than the given value
1481 as well.
1482 The packet and byte counters related options and flags are ignored when
1484 the set was defined without counter support.
1485 The option --match-set can be replaced by --set if that does not clash
1487 with an option of other extensions.
1488 Use of -m set requires that ipset kernel support is provided, which,
1490 for standard kernels, is the case since Linux 2.6.39.
1491 socket
1493 This matches if an open TCP/UDP socket can be found by doing a socket
1494 lookup on the packet. It matches if there is an established or non-zero
1495 bound listening socket (possibly with a non-local address). The lookup
1496 is performed using the packet tuple of TCP/UDP packets, or the original
1497 TCP/UDP header embedded in an ICMP/ICPMv6 error packet.
1498 --transparent
1500 Ignore non-transparent sockets.
1501 --nowildcard
1503 Do not ignore sockets bound to 'any' address. The socket match
1504 won't accept zero-bound listeners by default, since then local
1505 services could intercept traffic that would otherwise be for‐
1506 warded. This option therefore has security implications when
1507 used to match traffic being forwarded to redirect such packets
1508 to local machine with policy routing. When using the socket
1509 match to implement fully transparent proxies bound to non-local
1510 addresses it is recommended to use the --transparent option in‐
1511 stead.
1512 Example (assuming packets with mark 1 are delivered locally):
1514 -t mangle -A PREROUTING -m socket --transparent -j MARK
1516 --set-mark 1
1517 --restore-skmark
1519 Set the packet mark to the matching socket's mark. Can be com‐
1520 bined with the --transparent and --nowildcard options to re‐
1521 strict the sockets to be matched when restoring the packet mark.
1522 Example: An application opens 2 transparent (IP_TRANSPARENT) sockets
1524 and sets a mark on them with SO_MARK socket option. We can filter
1525 matching packets:
1526 -t mangle -I PREROUTING -m socket --transparent --restore-skmark
1528 -j action
1529 -t mangle -A action -m mark --mark 10 -j action2
1531 -t mangle -A action -m mark --mark 11 -j action3
1533 state
1535 The "state" extension is a subset of the "conntrack" module. "state"
1536 allows access to the connection tracking state for this packet.
1537 [!] --state state
1539 Where state is a comma separated list of the connection states
1540 to match. Only a subset of the states unterstood by "conntrack"
1541 are recognized: INVALID, ESTABLISHED, NEW, RELATED or UNTRACKED.
1542 For their description, see the "conntrack" heading in this man‐
1543 page.
1544 statistic
1546 This module matches packets based on some statistic condition. It sup‐
1547 ports two distinct modes settable with the --mode option.
1548 Supported options:
1550 --mode mode
1552 Set the matching mode of the matching rule, supported modes are
1553 random and nth.
1554 [!] --probability p
1556 Set the probability for a packet to be randomly matched. It only
1557 works with the random mode. p must be within 0.0 and 1.0. The
1558 supported granularity is in 1/2147483648th increments.
1559 [!] --every n
1561 Match one packet every nth packet. It works only with the nth
1562 mode (see also the --packet option).
1563 --packet p
1565 Set the initial counter value (0 <= p <= n-1, default 0) for the
1566 nth mode.
1567 string
1569 This module matches a given string by using some pattern matching
1570 strategy. It requires a linux kernel >= 2.6.14.
1571 --algo {bm|kmp}
1573 Select the pattern matching strategy. (bm = Boyer-Moore, kmp =
1574 Knuth-Pratt-Morris)
1575 --from offset
1577 Set the offset from which it starts looking for any matching. If
1578 not passed, default is 0.
1579 --to offset
1581 Set the offset up to which should be scanned. That is, byte off‐
1582 set-1 (counting from 0) is the last one that is scanned. If not
1583 passed, default is the packet size.
1584 [!] --string pattern
1586 Matches the given pattern.
1587 [!] --hex-string pattern
1589 Matches the given pattern in hex notation.
1590 --icase
1592 Ignore case when searching.
1593 Examples:
1595 # The string pattern can be used for simple text characters.
1597 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m string --algo bm --string
1598 'GET /index.html' -j LOG
1599 # The hex string pattern can be used for non-printable charac‐
1601 ters, like |0D 0A| or |0D0A|.
1602 iptables -p udp --dport 53 -m string --algo bm --from 40 --to 57
1603 --hex-string '|03|www|09|netfilter|03|org|00|'
1604 tcp
1606 These extensions can be used if `--protocol tcp' is specified. It pro‐
1607 vides the following options:
1608 [!] --source-port,--sport port[:port]
1610 Source port or port range specification. This can either be a
1611 service name or a port number. An inclusive range can also be
1612 specified, using the format first:last. If the first port is
1613 omitted, "0" is assumed; if the last is omitted, "65535" is as‐
1614 sumed. The flag --sport is a convenient alias for this option.
1615 [!] --destination-port,--dport port[:port]
1617 Destination port or port range specification. The flag --dport
1618 is a convenient alias for this option.
1619 [!] --tcp-flags mask comp
1621 Match when the TCP flags are as specified. The first argument
1622 mask is the flags which we should examine, written as a comma-
1623 separated list, and the second argument comp is a comma-sepa‐
1624 rated list of flags which must be set. Flags are: SYN ACK FIN
1625 RST URG PSH ALL NONE. Hence the command
1626 iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,ACK,FIN,RST SYN
1627 will only match packets with the SYN flag set, and the ACK, FIN
1628 and RST flags unset.
1629 [!] --syn
1631 Only match TCP packets with the SYN bit set and the ACK,RST and
1632 FIN bits cleared. Such packets are used to request TCP connec‐
1633 tion initiation; for example, blocking such packets coming in an
1634 interface will prevent incoming TCP connections, but outgoing
1635 TCP connections will be unaffected. It is equivalent to
1636 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK,FIN SYN. If the "!" flag precedes the
1637 "--syn", the sense of the option is inverted.
1638 [!] --tcp-option number
1640 Match if TCP option set.
1641 tcpmss
1643 This matches the TCP MSS (maximum segment size) field of the TCP
1644 header. You can only use this on TCP SYN or SYN/ACK packets, since the
1645 MSS is only negotiated during the TCP handshake at connection startup
1646 time.
1647 [!] --mss value[:value]
1649 Match a given TCP MSS value or range. If a range is given, the
1650 second value must be greater than or equal to the first value.
1651 time
1653 This matches if the packet arrival time/date is within a given range.
1654 All options are optional, but are ANDed when specified. All times are
1655 interpreted as UTC by default.
1656 --datestart YYYY[-MM[-DD[Thh[:mm[:ss]]]]]
1658 --datestop YYYY[-MM[-DD[Thh[:mm[:ss]]]]]
1660 Only match during the given time, which must be in ISO 8601 "T"
1661 notation. The possible time range is 1970-01-01T00:00:00 to
1662 2038-01-19T04:17:07.
1663 If --datestart or --datestop are not specified, it will default
1665 to 1970-01-01 and 2038-01-19, respectively.
1666 --timestart hh:mm[:ss]
1668 --timestop hh:mm[:ss]
1670 Only match during the given daytime. The possible time range is
1671 00:00:00 to 23:59:59. Leading zeroes are allowed (e.g. "06:03")
1672 and correctly interpreted as base-10.
1673 [!] --monthdays day[,day...]
1675 Only match on the given days of the month. Possible values are 1
1676 to 31. Note that specifying 31 will of course not match on
1677 months which do not have a 31st day; the same goes for 28- or
1678 29-day February.
1679 [!] --weekdays day[,day...]
1681 Only match on the given weekdays. Possible values are Mon, Tue,
1682 Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun, or values from 1 to 7, respectively.
1683 You may also use two-character variants (Mo, Tu, etc.).
1684 --contiguous
1686 When --timestop is smaller than --timestart value, match this as
1687 a single time period instead distinct intervals. See EXAMPLES.
1688 --kerneltz
1690 Use the kernel timezone instead of UTC to determine whether a
1691 packet meets the time regulations.
1692 About kernel timezones: Linux keeps the system time in UTC, and always
1694 does so. On boot, system time is initialized from a referential time
1695 source. Where this time source has no timezone information, such as the
1696 x86 CMOS RTC, UTC will be assumed. If the time source is however not in
1697 UTC, userspace should provide the correct system time and timezone to
1698 the kernel once it has the information.
1699 Local time is a feature on top of the (timezone independent) system
1701 time. Each process has its own idea of local time, specified via the TZ
1702 environment variable. The kernel also has its own timezone offset vari‐
1703 able. The TZ userspace environment variable specifies how the UTC-based
1704 system time is displayed, e.g. when you run date(1), or what you see on
1705 your desktop clock. The TZ string may resolve to different offsets at
1706 different dates, which is what enables the automatic time-jumping in
1707 userspace. when DST changes. The kernel's timezone offset variable is
1708 used when it has to convert between non-UTC sources, such as FAT
1709 filesystems, to UTC (since the latter is what the rest of the system
1710 uses).
1711 The caveat with the kernel timezone is that Linux distributions may ig‐
1713 nore to set the kernel timezone, and instead only set the system time.
1714 Even if a particular distribution does set the timezone at boot, it is
1715 usually does not keep the kernel timezone offset - which is what
1716 changes on DST - up to date. ntpd will not touch the kernel timezone,
1717 so running it will not resolve the issue. As such, one may encounter a
1718 timezone that is always +0000, or one that is wrong half of the time of
1719 the year. As such, using --kerneltz is highly discouraged.
1720 EXAMPLES. To match on weekends, use:
1722 -m time --weekdays Sa,Su
1724 Or, to match (once) on a national holiday block:
1726 -m time --datestart 2007-12-24 --datestop 2007-12-27
1728 Since the stop time is actually inclusive, you would need the following
1730 stop time to not match the first second of the new day:
1731 -m time --datestart 2007-01-01T17:00 --datestop
1733 2007-01-01T23:59:59
1734 During lunch hour:
1736 -m time --timestart 12:30 --timestop 13:30
1738 The fourth Friday in the month:
1740 -m time --weekdays Fr --monthdays 22,23,24,25,26,27,28
1742 (Note that this exploits a certain mathematical property. It is not
1744 possible to say "fourth Thursday OR fourth Friday" in one rule. It is
1745 possible with multiple rules, though.)
1746 Matching across days might not do what is expected. For instance,
1748 -m time --weekdays Mo --timestart 23:00 --timestop 01:00 Will
1750 match Monday, for one hour from midnight to 1 a.m., and then
1751 again for another hour from 23:00 onwards. If this is unwanted,
1752 e.g. if you would like 'match for two hours from Montay 23:00
1753 onwards' you need to also specify the --contiguous option in the
1754 example above.
1755 tos
1757 This module matches the 8-bit Type of Service field in the IPv4 header
1758 (i.e. including the "Precedence" bits) or the (also 8-bit) Priority
1759 field in the IPv6 header.
1760 [!] --tos value[/mask]
1762 Matches packets with the given TOS mark value. If a mask is
1763 specified, it is logically ANDed with the TOS mark before the
1764 comparison.
1765 [!] --tos symbol
1767 You can specify a symbolic name when using the tos match for
1768 IPv4. The list of recognized TOS names can be obtained by call‐
1769 ing iptables with -m tos -h. Note that this implies a mask of
1770 0x3F, i.e. all but the ECN bits.
1771 ttl (IPv4-specific)
1773 This module matches the time to live field in the IP header.
1774 [!] --ttl-eq ttl
1776 Matches the given TTL value.
1777 --ttl-gt ttl
1779 Matches if TTL is greater than the given TTL value.
1780 --ttl-lt ttl
1782 Matches if TTL is less than the given TTL value.
1783 u32
1785 U32 tests whether quantities of up to 4 bytes extracted from a packet
1786 have specified values. The specification of what to extract is general
1787 enough to find data at given offsets from tcp headers or payloads.
1788 [!] --u32 tests
1790 The argument amounts to a program in a small language described
1791 below.
1792 tests := location "=" value | tests "&&" location "=" value
1794 value := range | value "," range
1796 range := number | number ":" number
1798 a single number, n, is interpreted the same as n:n. n:m is interpreted
1800 as the range of numbers >=n and <=m.
1801 location := number | location operator number
1803 operator := "&" | "<<" | ">>" | "@"
1805 The operators &, <<, >> and && mean the same as in C. The = is really
1807 a set membership operator and the value syntax describes a set. The @
1808 operator is what allows moving to the next header and is described fur‐
1809 ther below.
1810 There are currently some artificial implementation limits on the size
1812 of the tests:
1813 * no more than 10 of "=" (and 9 "&&"s) in the u32 argument
1815 * no more than 10 ranges (and 9 commas) per value
1817 * no more than 10 numbers (and 9 operators) per location
1819 To describe the meaning of location, imagine the following machine that
1821 interprets it. There are three registers:
1822 A is of type char *, initially the address of the IP header
1824 B and C are unsigned 32 bit integers, initially zero
1826 The instructions are:
1828 number B = number;
1830 C = (*(A+B)<<24) + (*(A+B+1)<<16) + (*(A+B+2)<<8) + *(A+B+3)
1832 &number
1834 C = C & number
1835 << number
1837 C = C << number
1838 >> number
1840 C = C >> number
1841 @number
1843 A = A + C; then do the instruction number
1844 Any access of memory outside [skb->data,skb->end] causes the match to
1846 fail. Otherwise the result of the computation is the final value of C.
1847 Whitespace is allowed but not required in the tests. However, the char‐
1849 acters that do occur there are likely to require shell quoting, so it
1850 is a good idea to enclose the arguments in quotes.
1851 Example:
1853 match IP packets with total length >= 256
1855 The IP header contains a total length field in bytes 2-3.
1857 --u32 "0 & 0xFFFF = 0x100:0xFFFF"
1859 read bytes 0-3
1861 AND that with 0xFFFF (giving bytes 2-3), and test whether that
1863 is in the range [0x100:0xFFFF]
1864 Example: (more realistic, hence more complicated)
1866 match ICMP packets with icmp type 0
1868 First test that it is an ICMP packet, true iff byte 9 (protocol)
1870 = 1
1871 --u32 "6 & 0xFF = 1 && ...
1873 read bytes 6-9, use & to throw away bytes 6-8 and compare the
1875 result to 1. Next test that it is not a fragment. (If so, it
1876 might be part of such a packet but we cannot always tell.) N.B.:
1877 This test is generally needed if you want to match anything be‐
1878 yond the IP header. The last 6 bits of byte 6 and all of byte 7
1879 are 0 iff this is a complete packet (not a fragment). Alterna‐
1880 tively, you can allow first fragments by only testing the last 5
1881 bits of byte 6.
1882 ... 4 & 0x3FFF = 0 && ...
1884 Last test: the first byte past the IP header (the type) is 0.
1886 This is where we have to use the @syntax. The length of the IP
1887 header (IHL) in 32 bit words is stored in the right half of byte
1888 0 of the IP header itself.
1889 ... 0 >> 22 & 0x3C @ 0 >> 24 = 0"
1891 The first 0 means read bytes 0-3, >>22 means shift that 22 bits
1893 to the right. Shifting 24 bits would give the first byte, so
1894 only 22 bits is four times that plus a few more bits. &3C then
1895 eliminates the two extra bits on the right and the first four
1896 bits of the first byte. For instance, if IHL=5, then the IP
1897 header is 20 (4 x 5) bytes long. In this case, bytes 0-1 are (in
1898 binary) xxxx0101 yyzzzzzz, >>22 gives the 10 bit value
1899 xxxx0101yy and &3C gives 010100. @ means to use this number as a
1900 new offset into the packet, and read four bytes starting from
1901 there. This is the first 4 bytes of the ICMP payload, of which
1902 byte 0 is the ICMP type. Therefore, we simply shift the value 24
1903 to the right to throw out all but the first byte and compare the
1904 result with 0.
1905 Example:
1907 TCP payload bytes 8-12 is any of 1, 2, 5 or 8
1909 First we test that the packet is a tcp packet (similar to ICMP).
1911 --u32 "6 & 0xFF = 6 && ...
1913 Next, test that it is not a fragment (same as above).
1915 ... 0 >> 22 & 0x3C @ 12 >> 26 & 0x3C @ 8 = 1,2,5,8"
1917 0>>22&3C as above computes the number of bytes in the IP header.
1919 @ makes this the new offset into the packet, which is the start
1920 of the TCP header. The length of the TCP header (again in 32 bit
1921 words) is the left half of byte 12 of the TCP header. The
1922 12>>26&3C computes this length in bytes (similar to the IP
1923 header before). "@" makes this the new offset, which is the
1924 start of the TCP payload. Finally, 8 reads bytes 8-12 of the
1925 payload and = checks whether the result is any of 1, 2, 5 or 8.
1926 udp
1928 These extensions can be used if `--protocol udp' is specified. It pro‐
1929 vides the following options:
1930 [!] --source-port,--sport port[:port]
1932 Source port or port range specification. See the description of
1933 the --source-port option of the TCP extension for details.
1934 [!] --destination-port,--dport port[:port]
1936 Destination port or port range specification. See the descrip‐
1937 tion of the --destination-port option of the TCP extension for
1938 details.
1939
1941 iptables can use extended target modules: the following are included in
1942 the standard distribution.
1943 AUDIT
1945 This target creates audit records for packets hitting the target. It
1946 can be used to record accepted, dropped, and rejected packets. See au‐
1947 ditd(8) for additional details.
1948 --type {accept|drop|reject}
1950 Set type of audit record. Starting with linux-4.12, this option
1951 has no effect on generated audit messages anymore. It is still
1952 accepted by iptables for compatibility reasons, but ignored.
1953 Example:
1955 iptables -N AUDIT_DROP
1957 iptables -A AUDIT_DROP -j AUDIT
1959 iptables -A AUDIT_DROP -j DROP
1961 CHECKSUM
1963 This target selectively works around broken/old applications. It can
1964 only be used in the mangle table.
1965 --checksum-fill
1967 Compute and fill in the checksum in a packet that lacks a check‐
1968 sum. This is particularly useful, if you need to work around
1969 old applications such as dhcp clients, that do not work well
1970 with checksum offloads, but don't want to disable checksum off‐
1971 load in your device.
1972 CLASSIFY
1974 This module allows you to set the skb->priority value (and thus clas‐
1975 sify the packet into a specific CBQ class).
1976 --set-class major:minor
1978 Set the major and minor class value. The values are always in‐
1979 terpreted as hexadecimal even if no 0x prefix is given.
1980 CLUSTERIP (IPv4-specific)
1982 This module allows you to configure a simple cluster of nodes that
1983 share a certain IP and MAC address without an explicit load balancer in
1984 front of them. Connections are statically distributed between the
1985 nodes in this cluster.
1986 Please note that CLUSTERIP target is considered deprecated in favour of
1988 cluster match which is more flexible and not limited to IPv4.
1989 --new Create a new ClusterIP. You always have to set this on the
1991 first rule for a given ClusterIP.
1992 --hashmode mode
1994 Specify the hashing mode. Has to be one of sourceip, sour‐
1995 ceip-sourceport, sourceip-sourceport-destport.
1996 --clustermac mac
1998 Specify the ClusterIP MAC address. Has to be a link-layer multi‐
1999 cast address
2000 --total-nodes num
2002 Number of total nodes within this cluster.
2003 --local-node num
2005 Local node number within this cluster.
2006 --hash-init rnd
2008 Specify the random seed used for hash initialization.
2009 CONNMARK
2011 This module sets the netfilter mark value associated with a connection.
2012 The mark is 32 bits wide.
2013 --set-xmark value[/mask]
2015 Zero out the bits given by mask and XOR value into the ctmark.
2016 --save-mark [--nfmask nfmask] [--ctmask ctmask]
2018 Copy the packet mark (nfmark) to the connection mark (ctmark)
2019 using the given masks. The new nfmark value is determined as
2020 follows:
2021 ctmark = (ctmark & ~ctmask) ^ (nfmark & nfmask)
2023 i.e. ctmask defines what bits to clear and nfmask what bits of
2025 the nfmark to XOR into the ctmark. ctmask and nfmask default to
2026 0xFFFFFFFF.
2027 --restore-mark [--nfmask nfmask] [--ctmask ctmask]
2029 Copy the connection mark (ctmark) to the packet mark (nfmark)
2030 using the given masks. The new ctmark value is determined as
2031 follows:
2032 nfmark = (nfmark & ~nfmask) ^ (ctmark & ctmask);
2034 i.e. nfmask defines what bits to clear and ctmask what bits of
2036 the ctmark to XOR into the nfmark. ctmask and nfmask default to
2037 0xFFFFFFFF.
2038 --restore-mark is only valid in the mangle table.
2040 The following mnemonics are available for --set-xmark:
2042 --and-mark bits
2044 Binary AND the ctmark with bits. (Mnemonic for --set-xmark 0/in‐
2045 vbits, where invbits is the binary negation of bits.)
2046 --or-mark bits
2048 Binary OR the ctmark with bits. (Mnemonic for --set-xmark
2049 bits/bits.)
2050 --xor-mark bits
2052 Binary XOR the ctmark with bits. (Mnemonic for --set-xmark
2053 bits/0.)
2054 --set-mark value[/mask]
2056 Set the connection mark. If a mask is specified then only those
2057 bits set in the mask are modified.
2058 --save-mark [--mask mask]
2060 Copy the nfmark to the ctmark. If a mask is specified, only
2061 those bits are copied.
2062 --restore-mark [--mask mask]
2064 Copy the ctmark to the nfmark. If a mask is specified, only
2065 those bits are copied. This is only valid in the mangle table.
2066 CONNSECMARK
2068 This module copies security markings from packets to connections (if
2069 unlabeled), and from connections back to packets (also only if unla‐
2070 beled). Typically used in conjunction with SECMARK, it is valid in the
2071 security table (for backwards compatibility with older kernels, it is
2072 also valid in the mangle table).
2073 --save If the packet has a security marking, copy it to the connection
2075 if the connection is not marked.
2076 --restore
2078 If the packet does not have a security marking, and the connec‐
2079 tion does, copy the security marking from the connection to the
2080 packet.
2081 CT
2084 The CT target sets parameters for a packet or its associated connec‐
2085 tion. The target attaches a "template" connection tracking entry to the
2086 packet, which is then used by the conntrack core when initializing a
2087 new ct entry. This target is thus only valid in the "raw" table.
2088 --notrack
2090 Disables connection tracking for this packet.
2091 --helper name
2093 Use the helper identified by name for the connection. This is
2094 more flexible than loading the conntrack helper modules with
2095 preset ports.
2096 --ctevents event[,...]
2098 Only generate the specified conntrack events for this connec‐
2099 tion. Possible event types are: new, related, destroy, reply,
2100 assured, protoinfo, helper, mark (this refers to the ctmark, not
2101 nfmark), natseqinfo, secmark (ctsecmark).
2102 --expevents event[,...]
2104 Only generate the specified expectation events for this connec‐
2105 tion. Possible event types are: new.
2106 --zone-orig {id|mark}
2108 For traffic coming from ORIGINAL direction, assign this packet
2109 to zone id and only have lookups done in that zone. If mark is
2110 used instead of id, the zone is derived from the packet nfmark.
2111 --zone-reply {id|mark}
2113 For traffic coming from REPLY direction, assign this packet to
2114 zone id and only have lookups done in that zone. If mark is used
2115 instead of id, the zone is derived from the packet nfmark.
2116 --zone {id|mark}
2118 Assign this packet to zone id and only have lookups done in that
2119 zone. If mark is used instead of id, the zone is derived from
2120 the packet nfmark. By default, packets have zone 0. This option
2121 applies to both directions.
2122 --timeout name
2124 Use the timeout policy identified by name for the connection.
2125 This is provides more flexible timeout policy definition than
2126 global timeout values available at /proc/sys/net/netfil‐
2127 ter/nf_conntrack_*_timeout_*.
2128 DNAT
2130 This target is only valid in the nat table, in the PREROUTING and OUT‐
2131 PUT chains, and user-defined chains which are only called from those
2132 chains. It specifies that the destination address of the packet should
2133 be modified (and all future packets in this connection will also be
2134 mangled), and rules should cease being examined. It takes the follow‐
2135 ing options:
2136 --to-destination [ipaddr[-ipaddr]][:port[-port[/baseport]]]
2138 which can specify a single new destination IP address, an inclu‐
2139 sive range of IP addresses. Optionally a port range, if the rule
2140 also specifies one of the following protocols: tcp, udp, dccp or
2141 sctp. If no port range is specified, then the destination port
2142 will never be modified. If no IP address is specified then only
2143 the destination port will be modified. If baseport is given,
2144 the difference of the original destination port and its value is
2145 used as offset into the mapping port range. This allows to cre‐
2146 ate shifted portmap ranges and is available since kernel version
2147 4.18. For a single port or baseport, a service name as listed
2148 in /etc/services may be used.
2149 --random
2151 Randomize source port mapping (kernel >= 2.6.22).
2152 --persistent
2154 Gives a client the same source-/destination-address for each
2155 connection. This supersedes the SAME target. Support for per‐
2156 sistent mappings is available from 2.6.29-rc2.
2157 IPv6 support available since Linux kernels >= 3.7.
2159 DNPT (IPv6-specific)
2161 Provides stateless destination IPv6-to-IPv6 Network Prefix Translation
2162 (as described by RFC 6296).
2163 You have to use this target in the mangle table, not in the nat table.
2165 It takes the following options:
2166 --src-pfx [prefix/length]
2168 Set source prefix that you want to translate and length
2169 --dst-pfx [prefix/length]
2171 Set destination prefix that you want to use in the translation
2172 and length
2173 You have to use the SNPT target to undo the translation. Example:
2175 ip6tables -t mangle -I POSTROUTING -s fd00::/64 -o vboxnet0 -j
2177 SNPT --src-pfx fd00::/64 --dst-pfx 2001:e20:2000:40f::/64
2178 ip6tables -t mangle -I PREROUTING -i wlan0 -d
2180 2001:e20:2000:40f::/64 -j DNPT --src-pfx 2001:e20:2000:40f::/64
2181 --dst-pfx fd00::/64
2182 You may need to enable IPv6 neighbor proxy:
2184 sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.proxy_ndp=1
2186 You also have to use the NOTRACK target to disable connection tracking
2188 for translated flows.
2189 DSCP
2191 This target alters the value of the DSCP bits within the TOS header of
2192 the IPv4 packet. As this manipulates a packet, it can only be used in
2193 the mangle table.
2194 --set-dscp value
2196 Set the DSCP field to a numerical value (can be decimal or hex)
2197 --set-dscp-class class
2199 Set the DSCP field to a DiffServ class.
2200 ECN (IPv4-specific)
2202 This target selectively works around known ECN blackholes. It can only
2203 be used in the mangle table.
2204 --ecn-tcp-remove
2206 Remove all ECN bits from the TCP header. Of course, it can only
2207 be used in conjunction with -p tcp.
2208 HL (IPv6-specific)
2210 This is used to modify the Hop Limit field in IPv6 header. The Hop
2211 Limit field is similar to what is known as TTL value in IPv4. Setting
2212 or incrementing the Hop Limit field can potentially be very dangerous,
2213 so it should be avoided at any cost. This target is only valid in man‐
2214 gle table.
2215 Don't ever set or increment the value on packets that leave your local
2217 network!
2218 --hl-set value
2220 Set the Hop Limit to `value'.
2221 --hl-dec value
2223 Decrement the Hop Limit `value' times.
2224 --hl-inc value
2226 Increment the Hop Limit `value' times.
2227 HMARK
2229 Like MARK, i.e. set the fwmark, but the mark is calculated from hashing
2230 packet selector at choice. You have also to specify the mark range and,
2231 optionally, the offset to start from. ICMP error messages are inspected
2232 and used to calculate the hashing.
2233 Existing options are:
2235 --hmark-tuple tuple
2237 Possible tuple members are: src meaning source address (IPv4,
2238 IPv6 address), dst meaning destination address (IPv4, IPv6 ad‐
2239 dress), sport meaning source port (TCP, UDP, UDPlite, SCTP,
2240 DCCP), dport meaning destination port (TCP, UDP, UDPlite, SCTP,
2241 DCCP), spi meaning Security Parameter Index (AH, ESP), and ct
2242 meaning the usage of the conntrack tuple instead of the packet
2243 selectors.
2244 --hmark-mod value (must be > 0)
2246 Modulus for hash calculation (to limit the range of possible
2247 marks)
2248 --hmark-offset value
2250 Offset to start marks from.
2251 For advanced usage, instead of using --hmark-tuple, you can specify
2253 custom
2254 prefixes and masks:
2255 --hmark-src-prefix cidr
2257 The source address mask in CIDR notation.
2258 --hmark-dst-prefix cidr
2260 The destination address mask in CIDR notation.
2261 --hmark-sport-mask value
2263 A 16 bit source port mask in hexadecimal.
2264 --hmark-dport-mask value
2266 A 16 bit destination port mask in hexadecimal.
2267 --hmark-spi-mask value
2269 A 32 bit field with spi mask.
2270 --hmark-proto-mask value
2272 An 8 bit field with layer 4 protocol number.
2273 --hmark-rnd value
2275 A 32 bit random custom value to feed hash calculation.
2276 Examples:
2278 iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -m conntrack --ctstate NEW
2280 -j HMARK --hmark-tuple ct,src,dst,proto --hmark-offset 10000
2281 --hmark-mod 10 --hmark-rnd 0xfeedcafe
2282 iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -j HMARK --hmark-offset 10000 --hmark-
2284 tuple src,dst,proto --hmark-mod 10 --hmark-rnd 0xdeafbeef
2285 IDLETIMER
2287 This target can be used to identify when interfaces have been idle for
2288 a certain period of time. Timers are identified by labels and are cre‐
2289 ated when a rule is set with a new label. The rules also take a time‐
2290 out value (in seconds) as an option. If more than one rule uses the
2291 same timer label, the timer will be restarted whenever any of the rules
2292 get a hit. One entry for each timer is created in sysfs. This attri‐
2293 bute contains the timer remaining for the timer to expire. The at‐
2294 tributes are located under the xt_idletimer class:
2295 /sys/class/xt_idletimer/timers/<label>
2297 When the timer expires, the target module sends a sysfs notification to
2299 the userspace, which can then decide what to do (eg. disconnect to save
2300 power).
2301 --timeout amount
2303 This is the time in seconds that will trigger the notification.
2304 --label string
2306 This is a unique identifier for the timer. The maximum length
2307 for the label string is 27 characters.
2308 LED
2310 This creates an LED-trigger that can then be attached to system indica‐
2311 tor lights, to blink or illuminate them when certain packets pass
2312 through the system. One example might be to light up an LED for a few
2313 minutes every time an SSH connection is made to the local machine. The
2314 following options control the trigger behavior:
2315 --led-trigger-id name
2317 This is the name given to the LED trigger. The actual name of
2318 the trigger will be prefixed with "netfilter-".
2319 --led-delay ms
2321 This indicates how long (in milliseconds) the LED should be left
2322 illuminated when a packet arrives before being switched off
2323 again. The default is 0 (blink as fast as possible.) The special
2324 value inf can be given to leave the LED on permanently once ac‐
2325 tivated. (In this case the trigger will need to be manually de‐
2326 tached and reattached to the LED device to switch it off again.)
2327 --led-always-blink
2329 Always make the LED blink on packet arrival, even if the LED is
2330 already on. This allows notification of new packets even with
2331 long delay values (which otherwise would result in a silent pro‐
2332 longing of the delay time.)
2333 Example:
2335 Create an LED trigger for incoming SSH traffic:
2337 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j LED --led-trigger-id ssh
2338 Then attach the new trigger to an LED:
2340 echo netfilter-ssh >/sys/class/leds/ledname/trigger
2341 LOG
2343 Turn on kernel logging of matching packets. When this option is set
2344 for a rule, the Linux kernel will print some information on all match‐
2345 ing packets (like most IP/IPv6 header fields) via the kernel log (where
2346 it can be read with dmesg(1) or read in the syslog).
2347 This is a "non-terminating target", i.e. rule traversal continues at
2349 the next rule. So if you want to LOG the packets you refuse, use two
2350 separate rules with the same matching criteria, first using target LOG
2351 then DROP (or REJECT).
2352 --log-level level
2354 Level of logging, which can be (system-specific) numeric or a
2355 mnemonic. Possible values are (in decreasing order of prior‐
2356 ity): emerg, alert, crit, error, warning, notice, info or debug.
2357 --log-prefix prefix
2359 Prefix log messages with the specified prefix; up to 29 letters
2360 long, and useful for distinguishing messages in the logs.
2361 --log-tcp-sequence
2363 Log TCP sequence numbers. This is a security risk if the log is
2364 readable by users.
2365 --log-tcp-options
2367 Log options from the TCP packet header.
2368 --log-ip-options
2370 Log options from the IP/IPv6 packet header.
2371 --log-uid
2373 Log the userid of the process which generated the packet.
2374 --log-macdecode
2376 Log MAC addresses and protocol.
2377 MARK
2379 This target is used to set the Netfilter mark value associated with the
2380 packet. It can, for example, be used in conjunction with routing based
2381 on fwmark (needs iproute2). If you plan on doing so, note that the mark
2382 needs to be set in either the PREROUTING or the OUTPUT chain of the
2383 mangle table to affect routing. The mark field is 32 bits wide.
2384 --set-xmark value[/mask]
2386 Zeroes out the bits given by mask and XORs value into the packet
2387 mark ("nfmark"). If mask is omitted, 0xFFFFFFFF is assumed.
2388 --set-mark value[/mask]
2390 Zeroes out the bits given by mask and ORs value into the packet
2391 mark. If mask is omitted, 0xFFFFFFFF is assumed.
2392 The following mnemonics are available:
2394 --and-mark bits
2396 Binary AND the nfmark with bits. (Mnemonic for --set-xmark 0/in‐
2397 vbits, where invbits is the binary negation of bits.)
2398 --or-mark bits
2400 Binary OR the nfmark with bits. (Mnemonic for --set-xmark
2401 bits/bits.)
2402 --xor-mark bits
2404 Binary XOR the nfmark with bits. (Mnemonic for --set-xmark
2405 bits/0.)
2406 MASQUERADE
2408 This target is only valid in the nat table, in the POSTROUTING chain.
2409 It should only be used with dynamically assigned IP (dialup) connec‐
2410 tions: if you have a static IP address, you should use the SNAT target.
2411 Masquerading is equivalent to specifying a mapping to the IP address of
2412 the interface the packet is going out, but also has the effect that
2413 connections are forgotten when the interface goes down. This is the
2414 correct behavior when the next dialup is unlikely to have the same in‐
2415 terface address (and hence any established connections are lost any‐
2416 way).
2417 --to-ports port[-port]
2419 This specifies a range of source ports to use, overriding the
2420 default SNAT source port-selection heuristics (see above). This
2421 is only valid if the rule also specifies one of the following
2422 protocols: tcp, udp, dccp or sctp.
2423 --random
2425 Randomize source port mapping (kernel >= 2.6.21). Since kernel
2426 5.0, --random is identical to --random-fully.
2427 --random-fully
2429 Fully randomize source port mapping (kernel >= 3.13).
2430 IPv6 support available since Linux kernels >= 3.7.
2432 NETMAP
2434 This target allows you to statically map a whole network of addresses
2435 onto another network of addresses. It can only be used from rules in
2436 the nat table.
2437 --to address[/mask]
2439 Network address to map to. The resulting address will be con‐
2440 structed in the following way: All 'one' bits in the mask are
2441 filled in from the new `address'. All bits that are zero in the
2442 mask are filled in from the original address.
2443 IPv6 support available since Linux kernels >= 3.7.
2445 NFLOG
2447 This target provides logging of matching packets. When this target is
2448 set for a rule, the Linux kernel will pass the packet to the loaded
2449 logging backend to log the packet. This is usually used in combination
2450 with nfnetlink_log as logging backend, which will multicast the packet
2451 through a netlink socket to the specified multicast group. One or more
2452 userspace processes may subscribe to the group to receive the packets.
2453 Like LOG, this is a non-terminating target, i.e. rule traversal contin‐
2454 ues at the next rule.
2455 --nflog-group nlgroup
2457 The netlink group (0 - 2^16-1) to which packets are (only appli‐
2458 cable for nfnetlink_log). The default value is 0.
2459 --nflog-prefix prefix
2461 A prefix string to include in the log message, up to 64 charac‐
2462 ters long, useful for distinguishing messages in the logs.
2463 --nflog-range size
2465 This option has never worked, use --nflog-size instead
2466 --nflog-size size
2468 The number of bytes to be copied to userspace (only applicable
2469 for nfnetlink_log). nfnetlink_log instances may specify their
2470 own range, this option overrides it.
2471 --nflog-threshold size
2473 Number of packets to queue inside the kernel before sending them
2474 to userspace (only applicable for nfnetlink_log). Higher values
2475 result in less overhead per packet, but increase delay until the
2476 packets reach userspace. The default value is 1.
2477 NFQUEUE
2479 This target passes the packet to userspace using the nfnetlink_queue
2480 handler. The packet is put into the queue identified by its 16-bit
2481 queue number. Userspace can inspect and modify the packet if desired.
2482 Userspace must then drop or reinject the packet into the kernel.
2483 Please see libnetfilter_queue for details. nfnetlink_queue was added
2484 in Linux 2.6.14. The queue-balance option was added in Linux 2.6.31,
2485 queue-bypass in 2.6.39.
2486 --queue-num value
2488 This specifies the QUEUE number to use. Valid queue numbers are
2489 0 to 65535. The default value is 0.
2490 --queue-balance value:value
2492 This specifies a range of queues to use. Packets are then bal‐
2493 anced across the given queues. This is useful for multicore
2494 systems: start multiple instances of the userspace program on
2495 queues x, x+1, .. x+n and use "--queue-balance x:x+n". Packets
2496 belonging to the same connection are put into the same nfqueue.
2497 --queue-bypass
2499 By default, if no userspace program is listening on an NFQUEUE,
2500 then all packets that are to be queued are dropped. When this
2501 option is used, the NFQUEUE rule behaves like ACCEPT instead,
2502 and the packet will move on to the next table.
2503 --queue-cpu-fanout
2505 Available starting Linux kernel 3.10. When used together with
2506 --queue-balance this will use the CPU ID as an index to map
2507 packets to the queues. The idea is that you can improve perfor‐
2508 mance if there's a queue per CPU. This requires --queue-balance
2509 to be specified.
2510 NOTRACK
2512 This extension disables connection tracking for all packets matching
2513 that rule. It is equivalent with -j CT --notrack. Like CT, NOTRACK can
2514 only be used in the raw table.
2515 RATEEST
2517 The RATEEST target collects statistics, performs rate estimation calcu‐
2518 lation and saves the results for later evaluation using the rateest
2519 match.
2520 --rateest-name name
2522 Count matched packets into the pool referred to by name, which
2523 is freely choosable.
2524 --rateest-interval amount{s|ms|us}
2526 Rate measurement interval, in seconds, milliseconds or microsec‐
2527 onds.
2528 --rateest-ewmalog value
2530 Rate measurement averaging time constant.
2531 REDIRECT
2533 This target is only valid in the nat table, in the PREROUTING and OUT‐
2534 PUT chains, and user-defined chains which are only called from those
2535 chains. It redirects the packet to the machine itself by changing the
2536 destination IP to the primary address of the incoming interface (lo‐
2537 cally-generated packets are mapped to the localhost address, 127.0.0.1
2538 for IPv4 and ::1 for IPv6, and packets arriving on interfaces that
2539 don't have an IP address configured are dropped).
2540 --to-ports port[-port]
2542 This specifies a destination port or range of ports to use:
2543 without this, the destination port is never altered. This is
2544 only valid if the rule also specifies one of the following pro‐
2545 tocols: tcp, udp, dccp or sctp. For a single port, a service
2546 name as listed in /etc/services may be used.
2547 --random
2549 Randomize source port mapping (kernel >= 2.6.22).
2550 IPv6 support available starting Linux kernels >= 3.7.
2552 REJECT (IPv6-specific)
2554 This is used to send back an error packet in response to the matched
2555 packet: otherwise it is equivalent to DROP so it is a terminating TAR‐
2556 GET, ending rule traversal. This target is only valid in the INPUT,
2557 FORWARD and OUTPUT chains, and user-defined chains which are only
2558 called from those chains. The following option controls the nature of
2559 the error packet returned:
2560 --reject-with type
2562 The type given can be icmp6-no-route, no-route, icmp6-adm-pro‐
2563 hibited, adm-prohibited, icmp6-addr-unreachable, addr-unreach,
2564 or icmp6-port-unreachable, which return the appropriate ICMPv6
2565 error message (icmp6-port-unreachable is the default). Finally,
2566 the option tcp-reset can be used on rules which only match the
2567 TCP protocol: this causes a TCP RST packet to be sent back.
2568 This is mainly useful for blocking ident (113/tcp) probes which
2569 frequently occur when sending mail to broken mail hosts (which
2570 won't accept your mail otherwise). tcp-reset can only be used
2571 with kernel versions 2.6.14 or later.
2572 Warning: You should not indiscriminately apply the REJECT target to
2574 packets whose connection state is classified as INVALID; instead, you
2575 should only DROP these.
2576 Consider a source host transmitting a packet P, with P experiencing so
2578 much delay along its path that the source host issues a retransmission,
2579 P_2, with P_2 being successful in reaching its destination and advanc‐
2580 ing the connection state normally. It is conceivable that the late-ar‐
2581 riving P may be considered not to be associated with any connection
2582 tracking entry. Generating a reject response for a packet so classed
2583 would then terminate the healthy connection.
2584 So, instead of:
2586 -A INPUT ... -j REJECT
2588 do consider using:
2590 -A INPUT ... -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP -A INPUT ... -j RE‐
2592 JECT
2593 REJECT (IPv4-specific)
2595 This is used to send back an error packet in response to the matched
2596 packet: otherwise it is equivalent to DROP so it is a terminating TAR‐
2597 GET, ending rule traversal. This target is only valid in the INPUT,
2598 FORWARD and OUTPUT chains, and user-defined chains which are only
2599 called from those chains. The following option controls the nature of
2600 the error packet returned:
2601 --reject-with type
2603 The type given can be icmp-net-unreachable, icmp-host-unreach‐
2604 able, icmp-port-unreachable, icmp-proto-unreachable,
2605 icmp-net-prohibited, icmp-host-prohibited, or icmp-admin-prohib‐
2606 ited (*), which return the appropriate ICMP error message
2607 (icmp-port-unreachable is the default). The option tcp-reset
2608 can be used on rules which only match the TCP protocol: this
2609 causes a TCP RST packet to be sent back. This is mainly useful
2610 for blocking ident (113/tcp) probes which frequently occur when
2611 sending mail to broken mail hosts (which won't accept your mail
2612 otherwise).
2613 (*) Using icmp-admin-prohibited with kernels that do not support
2615 it will result in a plain DROP instead of REJECT
2616 Warning: You should not indiscriminately apply the REJECT target to
2618 packets whose connection state is classified as INVALID; instead, you
2619 should only DROP these.
2620 Consider a source host transmitting a packet P, with P experiencing so
2622 much delay along its path that the source host issues a retransmission,
2623 P_2, with P_2 being successful in reaching its destination and advanc‐
2624 ing the connection state normally. It is conceivable that the late-ar‐
2625 riving P may be considered not to be associated with any connection
2626 tracking entry. Generating a reject response for a packet so classed
2627 would then terminate the healthy connection.
2628 So, instead of:
2630 -A INPUT ... -j REJECT
2632 do consider using:
2634 -A INPUT ... -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP -A INPUT ... -j RE‐
2636 JECT
2637 SECMARK
2639 This is used to set the security mark value associated with the packet
2640 for use by security subsystems such as SELinux. It is valid in the se‐
2641 curity table (for backwards compatibility with older kernels, it is
2642 also valid in the mangle table). The mark is 32 bits wide.
2643 --selctx security_context
2645 SET
2647 This module adds and/or deletes entries from IP sets which can be de‐
2648 fined by ipset(8).
2649 --add-set setname flag[,flag...]
2651 add the address(es)/port(s) of the packet to the set
2652 --del-set setname flag[,flag...]
2654 delete the address(es)/port(s) of the packet from the set
2655 --map-set setname flag[,flag...]
2657 [--map-mark] [--map-prio] [--map-queue] map packet properties
2658 (firewall mark, tc priority, hardware queue)
2659 where flag(s) are src and/or dst specifications and there can be
2661 no more than six of them.
2662 --timeout value
2664 when adding an entry, the timeout value to use instead of the
2665 default one from the set definition
2666 --exist
2668 when adding an entry if it already exists, reset the timeout
2669 value to the specified one or to the default from the set defi‐
2670 nition
2671 --map-set set-name
2673 the set-name should be created with --skbinfo option --map-mark
2674 map firewall mark to packet by lookup of value in the set
2675 --map-prio map traffic control priority to packet by lookup of
2676 value in the set --map-queue map hardware NIC queue to packet by
2677 lookup of value in the set
2678 The --map-set option can be used from the mangle table only. The
2680 --map-prio and --map-queue flags can be used in the OUTPUT, FOR‐
2681 WARD and POSTROUTING chains.
2682 Use of -j SET requires that ipset kernel support is provided, which,
2684 for standard kernels, is the case since Linux 2.6.39.
2685 SNAT
2687 This target is only valid in the nat table, in the POSTROUTING and IN‐
2688 PUT chains, and user-defined chains which are only called from those
2689 chains. It specifies that the source address of the packet should be
2690 modified (and all future packets in this connection will also be man‐
2691 gled), and rules should cease being examined. It takes the following
2692 options:
2693 --to-source [ipaddr[-ipaddr]][:port[-port]]
2695 which can specify a single new source IP address, an inclusive
2696 range of IP addresses. Optionally a port range, if the rule also
2697 specifies one of the following protocols: tcp, udp, dccp or
2698 sctp. If no port range is specified, then source ports below
2699 512 will be mapped to other ports below 512: those between 512
2700 and 1023 inclusive will be mapped to ports below 1024, and other
2701 ports will be mapped to 1024 or above. Where possible, no port
2702 alteration will occur.
2703 --random
2705 Randomize source port mapping through a hash-based algorithm
2706 (kernel >= 2.6.21).
2707 --random-fully
2709 Fully randomize source port mapping through a PRNG (kernel >=
2710 3.14).
2711 --persistent
2713 Gives a client the same source-/destination-address for each
2714 connection. This supersedes the SAME target. Support for per‐
2715 sistent mappings is available from 2.6.29-rc2.
2716 Kernels prior to 2.6.36-rc1 don't have the ability to SNAT in the INPUT
2718 chain.
2719 IPv6 support available since Linux kernels >= 3.7.
2721 SNPT (IPv6-specific)
2723 Provides stateless source IPv6-to-IPv6 Network Prefix Translation (as
2724 described by RFC 6296).
2725 You have to use this target in the mangle table, not in the nat table.
2727 It takes the following options:
2728 --src-pfx [prefix/length]
2730 Set source prefix that you want to translate and length
2731 --dst-pfx [prefix/length]
2733 Set destination prefix that you want to use in the translation
2734 and length
2735 You have to use the DNPT target to undo the translation. Example:
2737 ip6tables -t mangle -I POSTROUTING -s fd00::/64 -o vboxnet0 -j
2739 SNPT --src-pfx fd00::/64 --dst-pfx 2001:e20:2000:40f::/64
2740 ip6tables -t mangle -I PREROUTING -i wlan0 -d
2742 2001:e20:2000:40f::/64 -j DNPT --src-pfx 2001:e20:2000:40f::/64
2743 --dst-pfx fd00::/64
2744 You may need to enable IPv6 neighbor proxy:
2746 sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.proxy_ndp=1
2748 You also have to use the NOTRACK target to disable connection tracking
2750 for translated flows.
2751 SYNPROXY
2753 This target will process TCP three-way-handshake parallel in netfilter
2754 context to protect either local or backend system. This target requires
2755 connection tracking because sequence numbers need to be translated.
2756 The kernels ability to absorb SYNFLOOD was greatly improved starting
2757 with Linux 4.4, so this target should not be needed anymore to protect
2758 Linux servers.
2759 --mss maximum segment size
2761 Maximum segment size announced to clients. This must match the
2762 backend.
2763 --wscale window scale
2765 Window scale announced to clients. This must match the backend.
2766 --sack-perm
2768 Pass client selective acknowledgement option to backend (will be
2769 disabled if not present).
2770 --timestamps
2772 Pass client timestamp option to backend (will be disabled if not
2773 present, also needed for selective acknowledgement and window
2774 scaling).
2775 Example:
2777 Determine tcp options used by backend, from an external system
2779 tcpdump -pni eth0 -c 1 'tcp[tcpflags] == (tcp-syn|tcp-ack)'
2781 port 80 &
2782 telnet 192.0.2.42 80
2783 18:57:24.693307 IP 192.0.2.42.80 > 192.0.2.43.48757:
2784 Flags [S.], seq 360414582, ack 788841994, win 14480,
2785 options [mss 1460,sackOK,
2786 TS val 1409056151 ecr 9690221,
2787 nop,wscale 9],
2788 length 0
2789 Switch tcp_loose mode off, so conntrack will mark out-of-flow packets
2791 as state INVALID.
2792 echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_loose
2794 Make SYN packets untracked
2796 iptables -t raw -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80
2798 --syn -j CT --notrack
2799 Catch UNTRACKED (SYN packets) and INVALID (3WHS ACK packets) states and
2801 send them to SYNPROXY. This rule will respond to SYN packets with
2802 SYN+ACK syncookies, create ESTABLISHED for valid client response (3WHS
2803 ACK packets) and drop incorrect cookies. Flags combinations not ex‐
2804 pected during 3WHS will not match and continue (e.g. SYN+FIN, SYN+ACK).
2805 iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80
2807 -m state --state UNTRACKED,INVALID -j SYNPROXY
2808 --sack-perm --timestamp --mss 1460 --wscale 9
2809 Drop invalid packets, this will be out-of-flow packets that were not
2811 matched by SYNPROXY.
2812 iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state IN‐
2814 VALID -j DROP
2815 TCPMSS
2817 This target alters the MSS value of TCP SYN packets, to control the
2818 maximum size for that connection (usually limiting it to your outgoing
2819 interface's MTU minus 40 for IPv4 or 60 for IPv6, respectively). Of
2820 course, it can only be used in conjunction with -p tcp.
2821 This target is used to overcome criminally braindead ISPs or servers
2823 which block "ICMP Fragmentation Needed" or "ICMPv6 Packet Too Big"
2824 packets. The symptoms of this problem are that everything works fine
2825 from your Linux firewall/router, but machines behind it can never ex‐
2826 change large packets:
2827 1. Web browsers connect, then hang with no data received.
2829 2. Small mail works fine, but large emails hang.
2831 3. ssh works fine, but scp hangs after initial handshaking.
2833 Workaround: activate this option and add a rule to your firewall con‐
2835 figuration like:
2836 iptables -t mangle -A FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN
2838 -j TCPMSS --clamp-mss-to-pmtu
2839 --set-mss value
2841 Explicitly sets MSS option to specified value. If the MSS of the
2842 packet is already lower than value, it will not be increased
2843 (from Linux 2.6.25 onwards) to avoid more problems with hosts
2844 relying on a proper MSS.
2845 --clamp-mss-to-pmtu
2847 Automatically clamp MSS value to (path_MTU - 40 for IPv4; -60
2848 for IPv6). This may not function as desired where asymmetric
2849 routes with differing path MTU exist — the kernel uses the path
2850 MTU which it would use to send packets from itself to the source
2851 and destination IP addresses. Prior to Linux 2.6.25, only the
2852 path MTU to the destination IP address was considered by this
2853 option; subsequent kernels also consider the path MTU to the
2854 source IP address.
2855 These options are mutually exclusive.
2857 TCPOPTSTRIP
2859 This target will strip TCP options off a TCP packet. (It will actually
2860 replace them by NO-OPs.) As such, you will need to add the -p tcp pa‐
2861 rameters.
2862 --strip-options option[,option...]
2864 Strip the given option(s). The options may be specified by TCP
2865 option number or by symbolic name. The list of recognized op‐
2866 tions can be obtained by calling iptables with -j TCPOPTSTRIP
2867 -h.
2868 TEE
2870 The TEE target will clone a packet and redirect this clone to another
2871 machine on the local network segment. In other words, the nexthop must
2872 be the target, or you will have to configure the nexthop to forward it
2873 further if so desired.
2874 --gateway ipaddr
2876 Send the cloned packet to the host reachable at the given IP ad‐
2877 dress. Use of 0.0.0.0 (for IPv4 packets) or :: (IPv6) is in‐
2878 valid.
2879 To forward all incoming traffic on eth0 to an Network Layer logging
2881 box:
2882 -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j TEE --gateway 2001:db8::1
2884 TOS
2886 This module sets the Type of Service field in the IPv4 header (includ‐
2887 ing the "precedence" bits) or the Priority field in the IPv6 header.
2888 Note that TOS shares the same bits as DSCP and ECN. The TOS target is
2889 only valid in the mangle table.
2890 --set-tos value[/mask]
2892 Zeroes out the bits given by mask (see NOTE below) and XORs
2893 value into the TOS/Priority field. If mask is omitted, 0xFF is
2894 assumed.
2895 --set-tos symbol
2897 You can specify a symbolic name when using the TOS target for
2898 IPv4. It implies a mask of 0xFF (see NOTE below). The list of
2899 recognized TOS names can be obtained by calling iptables with -j
2900 TOS -h.
2901 The following mnemonics are available:
2903 --and-tos bits
2905 Binary AND the TOS value with bits. (Mnemonic for --set-tos
2906 0/invbits, where invbits is the binary negation of bits. See
2907 NOTE below.)
2908 --or-tos bits
2910 Binary OR the TOS value with bits. (Mnemonic for --set-tos
2911 bits/bits. See NOTE below.)
2912 --xor-tos bits
2914 Binary XOR the TOS value with bits. (Mnemonic for --set-tos
2915 bits/0. See NOTE below.)
2916 NOTE: In Linux kernels up to and including 2.6.38, with the exception
2918 of longterm releases 2.6.32 (>=.42), 2.6.33 (>=.15), and 2.6.35
2919 (>=.14), there is a bug whereby IPv6 TOS mangling does not behave as
2920 documented and differs from the IPv4 version. The TOS mask indicates
2921 the bits one wants to zero out, so it needs to be inverted before ap‐
2922 plying it to the original TOS field. However, the aformentioned kernels
2923 forgo the inversion which breaks --set-tos and its mnemonics.
2924 TPROXY
2926 This target is only valid in the mangle table, in the PREROUTING chain
2927 and user-defined chains which are only called from this chain. It redi‐
2928 rects the packet to a local socket without changing the packet header
2929 in any way. It can also change the mark value which can then be used in
2930 advanced routing rules. It takes three options:
2931 --on-port port
2933 This specifies a destination port to use. It is a required op‐
2934 tion, 0 means the new destination port is the same as the origi‐
2935 nal. This is only valid if the rule also specifies -p tcp or -p
2936 udp.
2937 --on-ip address
2939 This specifies a destination address to use. By default the ad‐
2940 dress is the IP address of the incoming interface. This is only
2941 valid if the rule also specifies -p tcp or -p udp.
2942 --tproxy-mark value[/mask]
2944 Marks packets with the given value/mask. The fwmark value set
2945 here can be used by advanced routing. (Required for transparent
2946 proxying to work: otherwise these packets will get forwarded,
2947 which is probably not what you want.)
2948 TRACE
2950 This target marks packets so that the kernel will log every rule which
2951 match the packets as those traverse the tables, chains, rules. It can
2952 only be used in the raw table.
2953 With iptables-legacy, a logging backend, such as ip(6)t_LOG or
2955 nfnetlink_log, must be loaded for this to be visible. The packets are
2956 logged with the string prefix: "TRACE: tablename:chainname:type:rulenum
2957 " where type can be "rule" for plain rule, "return" for implicit rule
2958 at the end of a user defined chain and "policy" for the policy of the
2959 built in chains.
2960 With iptables-nft, the target is translated into nftables' meta nftrace
2962 expression. Hence the kernel sends trace events via netlink to
2963 userspace where they may be displayed using xtables-monitor --trace
2964 command. For details, refer to xtables-monitor(8).
2965 TTL (IPv4-specific)
2967 This is used to modify the IPv4 TTL header field. The TTL field deter‐
2968 mines how many hops (routers) a packet can traverse until it's time to
2969 live is exceeded.
2970 Setting or incrementing the TTL field can potentially be very danger‐
2972 ous, so it should be avoided at any cost. This target is only valid in
2973 mangle table.
2974 Don't ever set or increment the value on packets that leave your local
2976 network!
2977 --ttl-set value
2979 Set the TTL value to `value'.
2980 --ttl-dec value
2982 Decrement the TTL value `value' times.
2983 --ttl-inc value
2985 Increment the TTL value `value' times.
2986 ULOG (IPv4-specific)
2988 This is the deprecated ipv4-only predecessor of the NFLOG target. It
2989 provides userspace logging of matching packets. When this target is
2990 set for a rule, the Linux kernel will multicast this packet through a
2991 netlink socket. One or more userspace processes may then subscribe to
2992 various multicast groups and receive the packets. Like LOG, this is a
2993 "non-terminating target", i.e. rule traversal continues at the next
2994 rule.
2995 --ulog-nlgroup nlgroup
2997 This specifies the netlink group (1-32) to which the packet is
2998 sent. Default value is 1.
2999 --ulog-prefix prefix
3001 Prefix log messages with the specified prefix; up to 32 charac‐
3002 ters long, and useful for distinguishing messages in the logs.
3003 --ulog-cprange size
3005 Number of bytes to be copied to userspace. A value of 0 always
3006 copies the entire packet, regardless of its size. Default is 0.
3007 --ulog-qthreshold size
3009 Number of packet to queue inside kernel. Setting this value to,
3010 e.g. 10 accumulates ten packets inside the kernel and transmits
3011 them as one netlink multipart message to userspace. Default is
3012 1 (for backwards compatibility).
3013iptables 1.8.8 iptables-extensions(8)