1raster(1)                   GRASS GIS User's Manual                  raster(1)
2
3
4

GRASS GIS 8.2.1 Reference Manual

6       Geographic  Resources  Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as
7       GRASS GIS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for geospatial
8       data  management  and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps produc‐
9       tion, spatial modeling, and visualization. GRASS is currently  used  in
10       academic  and  commercial settings around the world, as well as by many
11       governmental agencies and environmental consulting companies.
12
13       This reference manual details the use of modules distributed with  Geo‐
14       graphic  Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS), an open source (GNU
15       GPLed), image processing and geographic information system  (GIS).   Go
16       to raster introduction | topics
17
18       Go back to help overview
19
20   Raster commands:
21       r.basins.fill                                                Generates watershed subbasins raster map.
22
23       r.blend                                                      Blends color components of two raster maps by a given ratio.
24
25       r.buffer                                                     Creates  a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells
26                                                                    that contain non-NULL category values.
27
28       r.buffer.lowmem                                              Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding  cells
29                                                                    that contain non-NULL category values.
30
31       r.buildvrt                                                   Build  a  VRT (Virtual Raster) from the list of input raster
32                                                                    maps.
33
34       r.carve                                                      Generates stream channels.
35
36       r.category                                                   Manages  category  values   and   labels   associated   with
37                                                                    user-specified raster map layers.
38
39       r.circle                                                     Creates  a  raster  map containing concentric rings around a
40                                                                    given point.
41
42       r.clump                                                      Recategorizes data in a raster map by  grouping  cells  that
43                                                                    form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
44
45       r.coin                                                       Tabulates  the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories
46                                                                    for two raster map layers.
47
48       r.colors                                                     Creates/modifies the color table associated  with  a  raster
49                                                                    map.
50
51       r.colors.out                                                 Exports the color table associated with a raster map.
52
53       r.colors.stddev                                              Sets  color  rules  based on stddev from a raster map’s mean
54                                                                    value.
55
56       r.composite                                                  Combines red, green and blue raster maps into a single  com‐
57                                                                    posite raster map.
58
59       r.compress                                                   Compresses and decompresses raster maps.
60
61       r.contour                                                    Produces  a  vector  map of specified contours from a raster
62                                                                    map.
63
64
65
66
67
68       r.cost                                                       Creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost  of  moving
69                                                                    between  different  geographic  locations on an input raster
70                                                                    map whose cell category values represent cost.
71
72       r.covar                                                      Outputs a covariance/correlation matrix  for  user-specified
73                                                                    raster map layer(s).
74
75       r.cross                                                      Creates a cross product of the category values from multiple
76                                                                    raster map layers.
77
78       r.describe                                                   Prints terse list of category values found in a  raster  map
79                                                                    layer.
80
81       r.distance                                                   Locates  the  closest  points  between objects in two raster
82                                                                    maps.
83
84       r.drain                                                      Traces a flow through an elevation model or cost surface  on
85                                                                    a raster map.
86
87       r.external                                                   Links  GDAL  supported  raster data as a pseudo GRASS raster
88                                                                    map.
89
90       r.external.out                                               Redirects raster  output  to  file  utilizing  GDAL  library
91                                                                    rather than storing in GRASS raster format.
92
93       r.fill.dir                                                   Filters  and  generates a depressionless elevation map and a
94                                                                    flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.
95
96       r.fill.stats                                                 Rapidly fills ’no data’ cells (NULLs) of a raster  map  with
97                                                                    interpolated values (IDW).
98
99       r.fillnulls                                                  Fills  no-data  areas in raster maps using spline interpola‐
100                                                                    tion.
101
102       r.flow                                                       Constructs flowlines.
103
104       r.geomorphon                                                 Calculates geomorphons (terrain forms) and associated geome‐
105                                                                    try using machine vision approach.
106
107       r.grow.distance                                              Generates  a  raster  map  containing  distances  to nearest
108                                                                    raster features and/or the value  of  the  nearest  non-null
109                                                                    cell.
110
111       r.grow                                                       Generates  a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by
112                                                                    one cell.
113
114       r.gwflow                                                     Numerical calculation program for  transient,  confined  and
115                                                                    unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
116
117       r.his                                                        Generates  red,  green and blue (RGB) raster map layers com‐
118                                                                    bining hue,  intensity  and  saturation  (HIS)  values  from
119                                                                    user-specified input raster map layers.
120
121       r.horizon                                                    Computes  horizon  angle  height  from  a  digital elevation
122                                                                    model.
123
124       r.import                                                     Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using  GDAL  li‐
125                                                                    brary and reprojects on the fly.
126
127       r.in.ascii                                                   Converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to binary raster map.
128
129       r.in.aster                                                   Georeference,  rectify,  and  import Terra-ASTER imagery and
130                                                                    relative DEMs using gdalwarp.
131
132
133
134       r.in.bin                                                     Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map layer.
135
136       r.in.gdal                                                    Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using  GDAL  li‐
137                                                                    brary.
138
139       r.in.gridatb                                                 Imports  GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into a GRASS raster
140                                                                    map.
141
142       r.in.mat                                                     Imports a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster.
143
144       r.in.pdal                                                    Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using  univariate
145                                                                    statistics.
146
147       r.in.png                                                     Imports non-georeferenced PNG format image.
148
149       r.in.poly                                                    Creates  raster  maps  from  ASCII  polygon/line/point  data
150                                                                    files.
151
152       r.in.srtm                                                    Imports SRTM HGT files into raster map.
153
154       r.in.wms                                                     Downloads and imports data from OGC WMS  and  OGC  WMTS  web
155                                                                    mapping servers.
156
157       r.in.xyz                                                     Creates  a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates
158                                                                    using univariate statistics.
159
160       r.info                                                       Outputs basic information about a raster map.
161
162       r.kappa                                                      Calculates error matrix and kappa parameter for accuracy as‐
163                                                                    sessment of classification result.
164
165       r.lake                                                       Fills lake at given point to given level.
166
167       r.latlong                                                    Creates a latitude/longitude raster map.
168
169       r.li.cwed                                                    Calculates  contrast weighted edge density index on a raster
170                                                                    map
171
172       r.li.daemon                                                  Support module for r.li landscape index calculations.
173
174       r.li.dominance                                               Calculates dominance’s diversity index on a raster map
175
176       r.li.edgedensity                                             Calculates edge density index on a raster  map,  using  a  4
177                                                                    neighbour algorithm
178
179       r.li                                                         Toolset for multiscale analysis of landscape structure
180
181       r.li.mpa                                                     Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map
182
183       r.li.mps                                                     Calculates  mean patch size index on a raster map, using a 4
184                                                                    neighbour algorithm
185
186       r.li.padcv                                                   Calculates coefficient of  variation  of  patch  area  on  a
187                                                                    raster map
188
189       r.li.padrange                                                Calculates range of patch area size on a raster map
190
191       r.li.padsd                                                   Calculates standard deviation of patch area a raster map
192
193       r.li.patchdensity                                            Calculates  patch  density  index on a raster map, using a 4
194                                                                    neighbour algorithm
195
196       r.li.patchnum                                                Calculates patch number index on a raster  map,  using  a  4
197                                                                    neighbour algorithm.
198
199
200       r.li.pielou                                                  Calculates Pielou’s diversity index on a raster map
201
202       r.li.renyi                                                   Calculates Renyi’s diversity index on a raster map
203
204       r.li.richness                                                Calculates richness index on a raster map
205
206       r.li.shannon                                                 Calculates Shannon’s diversity index on a raster map
207
208       r.li.shape                                                   Calculates shape index on a raster map
209
210       r.li.simpson                                                 Calculates Simpson’s diversity index on a raster map
211
212       r.mapcalc                                                    Raster map calculator.
213
214       r.mapcalc.simple                                             Calculates  a new raster map from a simple r.mapcalc expres‐
215                                                                    sion.
216
217       r.mask                                                       Creates a MASK for limiting raster operation.
218
219       r.mfilter                                                    Performs raster map matrix filter.
220
221       r.mode                                                       Finds the mode of values in a cover  map  within  areas  as‐
222                                                                    signed the same category value in a user-specified base map.
223
224       r.neighbors                                                  Makes  each  cell  category value a function of the category
225                                                                    values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new  cell
226                                                                    values in an output raster map layer.
227
228       r.null                                                       Manages NULL-values of given raster map.
229
230       r.object.geometry                                            Calculates geometry parameters for raster objects.
231
232       r.out.ascii                                                  Converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file.
233
234       r.out.bin                                                    Exports a GRASS raster to a binary array.
235
236       r.out.gdal                                                   Exports GRASS raster maps into GDAL supported formats.
237
238       r.out.gridatb                                                Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL).
239
240       r.out.mat                                                    Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File.
241
242       r.out.mpeg                                                   Converts raster map series to MPEG movie.
243
244       r.out.png                                                    Export a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image.
245
246       r.out.pov                                                    Converts  a  raster  map  layer into a height-field file for
247                                                                    POV-Ray.
248
249       r.out.ppm                                                    Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file.
250
251       r.out.ppm3                                                   Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file.
252
253       r.out.vrml                                                   Exports a raster map to the Virtual  Reality  Modeling  Lan‐
254                                                                    guage (VRML).
255
256       r.out.vtk                                                    Converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
257
258       r.out.xyz                                                    Exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on
259                                                                    cell centers.
260
261       r.pack                                                       Exports a raster map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
262
263       r.param.scale                                                Extracts terrain parameters from a DEM.
264
265
266       r.patch                                                      Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category
267                                                                    values  from  one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of
268                                                                    "no data" in another map layer.
269
270       r.path                                                       Traces paths from starting  points  following  input  direc‐
271                                                                    tions.
272
273       r.plane                                                      Creates  raster  plane  map  given dip (inclination), aspect
274                                                                    (azimuth) and one point.
275
276       r.profile                                                    Outputs the raster map layer values  lying  on  user-defined
277                                                                    line(s).
278
279       r.proj                                                       Re-projects  a raster map from given location to the current
280                                                                    location.
281
282       r.quant                                                      Produces the quantization file for a floating-point map.
283
284       r.quantile                                                   Compute quantiles using two passes.
285
286       r.random.cells                                               Generates random cell values with spatial dependence.
287
288       r.random                                                     Creates randomly placed raster cells or vector points
289
290       r.random.surface                                             Generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence.
291
292       r.reclass.area                                               Reclasses a raster map greater or less than  user  specified
293                                                                    area size (in hectares).
294
295       r.reclass                                                    Reclassify raster map based on category values.
296
297       r.recode                                                     Recodes categorical raster maps.
298
299       r.region                                                     Sets the boundary definitions for a raster map.
300
301       r.regression.line                                            Calculates  linear  regression from two raster maps: y = a +
302                                                                    b*x.
303
304       r.regression.multi                                           Calculates multiple linear regression from raster maps.
305
306       r.relief                                                     Creates shaded relief map from an elevation map (DEM).
307
308       r.report                                                     Reports statistics for raster maps.
309
310       r.resamp.bspline                                             Performs  bilinear  or  bicubic  spline  interpolation  with
311                                                                    Tykhonov regularization.
312
313       r.resamp.filter                                              Resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel.
314
315       r.resamp.interp                                              Resamples raster map to a finer grid using interpolation.
316
317       r.resamp.rst                                                 Reinterpolates  and optionally computes topographic analysis
318                                                                    from input raster map to a new  raster  map  (possibly  with
319                                                                    different  resolution) using regularized spline with tension
320                                                                    and smoothing.
321
322       r.resamp.stats                                               Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggrega‐
323                                                                    tion.
324
325       r.resample                                                   GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability.
326
327       r.rescale.eq                                                 Rescales histogram equalized the range of category values in
328                                                                    a raster map layer.
329
330
331
332       r.rescale                                                    Rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer.
333
334       r.rgb                                                        Splits a raster map into red, green and blue maps.
335
336       r.ros                                                        Generates rate of spread raster maps.
337
338       r.semantic.label                                             Manages semantic label  information  assigned  to  a  single
339                                                                    raster map or to a list of raster maps.
340
341       r.series.accumulate                                          Makes  each  output cell value a accumulationfunction of the
342                                                                    values assigned to the  corresponding  cells  in  the  input
343                                                                    raster map layers.
344
345       r.series                                                     Makes  each  output  cell value a function of the values as‐
346                                                                    signed to the corresponding cells in the  input  raster  map
347                                                                    layers.
348
349       r.series.interp                                              Interpolates  raster  maps  located (temporal or spatial) in
350                                                                    between input raster maps at specific sampling positions.
351
352       r.shade                                                      Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
353
354       r.sim.sediment                                               Sediment transport and erosion/deposition  simulation  using
355                                                                    path sampling method (SIMWE).
356
357       r.sim.water                                                  Overland  flow  hydrologic  simulation  using  path sampling
358                                                                    method (SIMWE).
359
360       r.slope.aspect                                               Generates raster maps of slope, aspect, curvatures and  par‐
361                                                                    tial derivatives from an elevation raster map.
362
363       r.solute.transport                                           Numerical  calculation  program  for transient, confined and
364                                                                    unconfined solute transport in two dimensions
365
366       r.spread                                                     Simulates elliptically anisotropic spread.
367
368       r.spreadpath                                                 Recursively traces the least cost path  backwards  to  cells
369                                                                    from which the cumulative cost was determined.
370
371       r.statistics                                                 Calculates category or object oriented statistics.
372
373       r.stats                                                      Generates area statistics for raster map.
374
375       r.stats.quantile                                             Compute category quantiles using two passes.
376
377       r.stats.zonal                                                Calculates category or object oriented statistics (accumula‐
378                                                                    tor-based statistics).
379
380       r.stream.extract                                             Performs stream network extraction.
381
382       r.sun                                                        Solar irradiance and irradiation model.
383
384       r.sunhours                                                   Calculates solar elevation, solar azimuth, and sun hours.
385
386       r.sunmask                                                    Calculates cast shadow areas from sun position and elevation
387                                                                    raster map.
388
389       r.support                                                    Allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer sup‐
390                                                                    port files.
391
392       r.support.stats                                              Update raster map statistics
393
394       r.surf.area                                                  Prints estimation of surface area for raster map.
395
396
397
398       r.surf.contour                                               Generates surface raster map from rasterized contours.
399
400       r.surf.fractal                                               Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension.
401
402       r.surf.gauss                                                 Generates a raster map using gaussian random number  genera‐
403                                                                    tor.
404
405       r.surf.idw                                                   Provides surface interpolation from raster point data by In‐
406                                                                    verse Distance Squared Weighting.
407
408       r.surf.random                                                Produces a raster surface map  of  uniform  random  deviates
409                                                                    with defined range.
410
411       r.terraflow                                                  Performs flow computation for massive grids.
412
413       r.texture                                                    Generate images with textural features from a raster map.
414
415       r.thin                                                       Thins non-null cells that denote linear features in a raster
416                                                                    map layer.
417
418       r.tile                                                       Splits a raster map into tiles.
419
420       r.tileset                                                    Produces tilings of the source projection  for  use  in  the
421                                                                    destination region and projection.
422
423       r.timestamp                                                  Modifies a timestamp for a raster map.
424
425       r.to.rast3                                                   Converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map.
426
427       r.to.rast3elev                                               Creates  a  3D  volume  map  based on 2D elevation and value
428                                                                    raster maps.
429
430       r.to.vect                                                    Converts a raster map into a vector map.
431
432       r.topidx                                                     Creates a topographic index (wetness index) raster map  from
433                                                                    an elevation raster map.
434
435       r.topmodel                                                   Simulates  TOPMODEL  which  is a physically based hydrologic
436                                                                    model.
437
438       r.transect                                                   Outputs raster map layer values  lying  along  user  defined
439                                                                    transect line(s).
440
441       r.univar                                                     Calculates  univariate statistics from the non-null cells of
442                                                                    a raster map.
443
444       r.unpack                                                     Imports a GRASS GIS specific  raster  archive  file  (packed
445                                                                    with r.pack) as a raster map
446
447       r.uslek                                                      Computes USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K).
448
449       r.usler                                                      Computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index.
450
451       r.viewshed                                                   Computes the viewshed of a point on an elevation raster map.
452
453       r.volume                                                     Calculates the volume of data "clumps".
454
455       r.walk                                                       Creates a raster map showing the anisotropic cumulative cost
456                                                                    of moving between different geographic locations on an input
457                                                                    raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
458
459       r.water.outlet                                               Creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
460
461       r.watershed                                                  Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.
462
463
464       r.what.color                                                 Queries colors for a raster map layer.
465
466       r.what                                                       Queries  raster  maps  on their category values and category
467                                                                    labels.
468
469
470       Main index | Topics index | Keywords index | Graphical index | Full in‐
471       dex
472
473       © 2003-2023 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 8.2.1 Reference Manual
474
475
476
477GRASS 8.2.1                                                          raster(1)
Impressum