1zdump(8) System Manager's Manual zdump(8)
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6 zdump - timezone dumper
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9 zdump [ option ... ] [ timezone ... ]
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12 The zdump program prints the current time in each timezone named on the
13 command line.
14
16 --version
17 Output version information and exit.
18 --help Output short usage message and exit.
20 -i Output a description of time intervals. For each timezone on
22 the command line, output an interval-format description of the
23 timezone. See “INTERVAL FORMAT” below.
24 -v Output a verbose description of time intervals. For each time‐
26 zone on the command line, print the times at the two extreme
27 time values, the times (if present) at and just beyond the
28 boundaries of years that localtime(3) and gmtime(3) can repre‐
29 sent, and the times both one second before and exactly at each
30 detected time discontinuity. Each line is followed by isdst=D
31 where D is positive, zero, or negative depending on whether the
32 given time is daylight saving time, standard time, or an unknown
33 time type, respectively. Each line is also followed by gmtoff=N
34 if the given local time is known to be N seconds east of Green‐
35 wich.
36 -V Like -v, except omit output concerning extreme time and year
38 values. This generates output that is easier to compare to that
39 of implementations with different time representations.
40 -c [loyear,]hiyear
42 Cut off interval output at the given year(s). Cutoff times are
43 computed using the proleptic Gregorian calendar with year 0 and
44 with Universal Time (UT) ignoring leap seconds. Cutoffs are at
45 the start of each year, where the lower-bound timestamp is in‐
46 clusive and the upper is exclusive; for example, -c 1970,2070
47 selects transitions on or after 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC and be‐
48 fore 2070-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. The default cutoff is -500,2500.
49 -t [lotime,]hitime
51 Cut off interval output at the given time(s), given in decimal
52 seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Coordinated Universal Time
53 (UTC). The timezone determines whether the count includes leap
54 seconds. As with -c, the cutoff's lower bound is inclusive and
55 its upper bound is exclusive.
56
58 The interval format is a compact text representation that is intended
59 to be both human- and machine-readable. It consists of an empty line,
60 then a line “TZ=string” where string is a double-quoted string giving
61 the timezone, a second line “- - interval” describing the time interval
62 before the first transition if any, and zero or more following lines
63 “date time interval”, one line for each transition time and following
64 interval. Fields are separated by single tabs.
65 Dates are in yyyy-mm-dd format and times are in 24-hour hh:mm:ss format
67 where hh<24. Times are in local time immediately after the transition.
68 A time interval description consists of a UT offset in signed ±hhmmss
69 format, a time zone abbreviation, and an isdst flag. An abbreviation
70 that equals the UT offset is omitted; other abbreviations are double-
71 quoted strings unless they consist of one or more alphabetic charac‐
72 ters. An isdst flag is omitted for standard time, and otherwise is a
73 decimal integer that is unsigned and positive (typically 1) for day‐
74 light saving time and negative for unknown.
75 In times and in UT offsets with absolute value less than 100 hours, the
77 seconds are omitted if they are zero, and the minutes are also omitted
78 if they are also zero. Positive UT offsets are east of Greenwich. The
79 UT offset -00 denotes a UT placeholder in areas where the actual offset
80 is unspecified; by convention, this occurs when the UT offset is zero
81 and the time zone abbreviation begins with “-” or is “zzz”.
82 In double-quoted strings, escape sequences represent unusual charac‐
84 ters. The escape sequences are \s for space, and \", \\, \f, \n, \r,
85 \t, and \v with their usual meaning in the C programming language.
86 E.g., the double-quoted string “"CET\s\"\\"” represents the character
87 sequence “CET "\”.
88 Here is an example of the output, with the leading empty line omitted.
90 (This example is shown with tab stops set far enough apart so that the
91 tabbed columns line up.)
92 TZ="Pacific/Honolulu"
94 - - -103126 LMT
95 1896-01-13 12:01:26 -1030 HST
96 1933-04-30 03 -0930 HDT 1
97 1933-05-21 11 -1030 HST
98 1942-02-09 03 -0930 HWT 1
99 1945-08-14 13:30 -0930 HPT 1
100 1945-09-30 01 -1030 HST
101 1947-06-08 02:30 -10 HST
102 Here, local time begins 10 hours, 31 minutes and 26 seconds west of UT,
104 and is a standard time abbreviated LMT. Immediately after the first
105 transition, the date is 1896-01-13 and the time is 12:01:26, and the
106 following time interval is 10.5 hours west of UT, a standard time ab‐
107 breviated HST. Immediately after the second transition, the date is
108 1933-04-30 and the time is 03:00:00 and the following time interval is
109 9.5 hours west of UT, is abbreviated HDT, and is daylight saving time.
110 Immediately after the last transition the date is 1947-06-08 and the
111 time is 02:30:00, and the following time interval is 10 hours west of
112 UT, a standard time abbreviated HST.
113 Here are excerpts from another example:
115 TZ="Europe/Astrakhan"
117 - - +031212 LMT
118 1924-04-30 23:47:48 +03
119 1930-06-21 01 +04
120 1981-04-01 01 +05 1
121 1981-09-30 23 +04
122 ...
123 2014-10-26 01 +03
124 2016-03-27 03 +04
125 This time zone is east of UT, so its UT offsets are positive. Also,
127 many of its time zone abbreviations are omitted since they duplicate
128 the text of the UT offset.
129
131 Time discontinuities are found by sampling the results returned by lo‐
132 caltime(3) at twelve-hour intervals. This works in all real-world
133 cases; one can construct artificial time zones for which this fails.
134 In the -v and -V output, “UT” denotes the value returned by gmtime(3),
136 which uses UTC for modern timestamps and some other UT flavor for time‐
137 stamps that predate the introduction of UTC. No attempt is currently
138 made to have the output use “UTC” for newer and “UT” for older time‐
139 stamps, partly because the exact date of the introduction of UTC is
140 problematic.
141
143 tzfile(5), zic(8)
144Time Zone Database zdump(8)