1GRIND(1) WordNet™ User Commands GRIND(1)
2
6 grind - process WordNet lexicographer files
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9 grind [ -v ] [ -s ] [ -Llogfile ] [ -a ] [ -d ] [ -i ] [ -o ] [ -n ]
10 filename [ filename... ]
11
13 grind() processes WordNet lexicographer files, producing database files
14 suitable for use with the WordNet search and interface code and other
15 applications. The syntactic and structural integrity of the input
16 files is verified. Warnings and errors are reported via stderr and a
17 run-time log is produced on stdout. A database is generated only if
18 there are no errors.
19 Input Files
21 Input files correspond to the syntactic categories implemented in Word‐
22 Net - noun, verb, adjective and adverb. Each input lexicographer file
23 consists of a list of synonym sets (synsets) for one part of speech.
24 Although the basic synset syntax is the same for all of the parts of
25 speech, some parts of the syntax only apply to a particular part of
26 speech. See wninput(5) for a description of the input file format.
27 Each filename specified is of the form:
29 pathname/pos.suffix
31 where pathname is optional and pos is either noun, verb, adj or adv.
33 suffix may be used to separate groups of synsets into different files,
34 for example noun.animal and noun.plant. One or more input files, in
35 any combination of syntactic categories, may be specified. See lex‐
36 names(5) for a list of the lexicographer files used to build the com‐
37 plete WordNet database.
38 Output Files
40 grind() produces the following output files:
41 ┌────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────┐
44 │ Filename │ Description │
45 ├────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────┤
46 │index.pos │ Index file for each syntactic category │
47 │data.pos │ Data file for each syntactic category │
48 │index.sense │ Sense index │
49 └────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┘
50 See wndb(5) for a description of the database file formats.
51 Each time grind() is run, any existing database files are overwritten
53 with the database files generated from the specified input files. If
54 no input files from a syntactic category are specified, the correspond‐
55 ing database files are not overwritten.
56 Sense Numbers
58 Senses are generally ordered from most to least frequently used, with
59 the most common sense numbered 1. Frequency of use is determined by
60 the number of times a sense is tagged in the various semantic concor‐
61 dance texts. Senses that are not semantically tagged follow the
62 ordered senses in an arbitrary order. Note that this ordering is only
63 an estimate based on usage in a small corpus.
64 The tagsense_cnt field for each entry in the index.pos files indicates
66 how many of the senses in the list have been tagged.
67 The cntlist file provided with the database lists the number of times
69 each sense is tagged in the semantic concordances. grind() uses the
70 data from cntlist to order the senses of each word. When the index.pos
71 files are generated, the synset_offsets are output in sense number
72 order, with sense 1 first in the list. Senses with the same number of
73 semantic tags are assigned unique but consecutive sense numbers. The
74 WordNet OVERVIEW search displays all senses of the specified word, in
75 all syntactic categories, and indicates which of the senses are repre‐
76 sented in the semantically tagged texts.
77
79 -v Verify integrity of input without generating database.
80 -s Suppress generation of warning messages. Usually grind
82 is run with this option until all syntactic and struc‐
83 tural errors are corrected since the warning messages
84 may make it difficult to spot error messages.
85 -Llogfile Write all messages to logfile instead of stderr.
87 -a Generate statistical report on input files processed.
89 -d Generate distribution of senses by string length report
91 on input files processed.
92 -i Generate sense index file.
94 -o Order senses using cntlist.
96 -n Generate nominalization (derivational morphology) links
98 in database.
99 filename Input file of the form described in Input Files.
101
103 pos.* lexicographer files to use to build database
104 cntlist file of combined semantic concordance cntlist
106 files. Used to assign sense numbers in WordNet
107 database
108
110 cntlist(5), lexnames(5), senseidx(5), wndb(5), wninput(5), uniqbeg(7),
111 wngloss(7).
112
114 Exit status is normally 0. Exit status is -1 if non-specific error
115 occurs. If syntactic or structural errors exist, exit status is number
116 of errors detected.
117 usage: grind [-v] [-s] [-Llogfile] [-a ] [-d] [-i] [-o] [-n] filename
119 [filename...]
120 Invalid options were specified on the command line.
121 No input files processed.
123 None of the filenames specified were of the appropriate form.
124 n syntactic errors found.
126 Syntax errors were found while parsing the input files.
127 n structural errors found.
129 Pointer errors were found that could not be automatically cor‐
130 rected.
131
133 Please report bugs to wordnet@princeton.edu.
134WordNet 3.0 Dec 2006 GRIND(1)