1PSMECA(1) Generic Mapping Tools PSMECA(1)
2
6 psmeca - Plot focal mechanisms on maps
7
9 psmeca files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north[r] [ -B[p|s]parame‐
10 ters ] [ -Cpen ] [ -Ddepmin/depmax ] [ -Efill] [ -Gfill] [ -H[i][nrec]
11 ] [ -K ] [ -L[pen] ] [ -M ] [ -N ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [ -S<sym‐
12 bol><scale>[/d]] [ -Tnum_of_plane[pen] ] [ -U[just/dx/dy/][c|label] ] [
13 -V ] [ -Wpen ] [ -X[a|c|r][x-shift[u]] ] [ -Y[a|c|r][y-shift[u]] ] [
14 -Zcptfile] [ -z ] [ -a[size[P_symbol[T_symbol]]] ] [ -gfill ] [ -efill
15 ] [ -o ] [ -ppen ] [ -tpen ] [ -:[i|o] [ -ccopies ]
16
18 psmeca reads data values from files [or standard input] and generates
19 PostScript code that will plot focal mechanisms on a map. Most options
20 are the same as for psxy. The PostScript code is written to standard
21 output.
22
25 files List one or more file-names. If no files are given, psmeca will
26 read standard input.
27 -J Selects the map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree, 1:xxxxx, or
29 width in UNIT (upper case modifier). UNIT is cm, inch, or m,
30 depending on the MEASURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults4, but this
31 can be overridden on the command line by appending c, i, or m to
32 the scale/width value. When central meridian is optional,
33 default is center of longitude range on -R option. Default
34 standard parallel is the equator. For map height, max dimen‐
35 sion, or min dimension, append h, +, or - to the width, respec‐
36 tively.
37 More details can be found in the psbasemap man pages.
38 CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:
40 -Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
42 -Jcyl_stere/[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Stereographic)
43 -Jj[lon0/]scale (Miller)
44 -Jm[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Mercator)
45 -Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and standard paral‐
46 lel)
47 -Jo[a]lon0/lat0/azimuth/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
48 azimuth)
49 -Jo[b]lon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator - two points)
50 -Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
51 pole)
52 -Jq[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Equidistant)
53 -Jtlon0/[lat0/]scale (TM - Transverse Mercator)
54 -Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
55 -Jy[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Equal-Area)
56 CONIC PROJECTIONS:
58 -Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
60 -Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Conic Equidistant)
61 -Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert Conic Conformal)
62 AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:
64 -Jalon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area)
66 -Jelon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Azimuthal Equidistant)
67 -Jflon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Gnomonic)
68 -Jglon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Orthographic)
69 -Jglon0/lat0/altitude/azimuth/tilt/twist/Width/Height/scale
70 (General Perspective).
71 -Jslon0/lat0[/horizon][/slat]/scale (General Stereographic)
72 MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:
74 -Jh[lon0/]scale (Hammer)
76 -Ji[lon0/]scale (Sinusoidal)
77 -Jkf[lon0/]scale (Eckert IV)
78 -Jk[s][lon0/]scale (Eckert IV)
79 -Jn[lon0/]scale (Robinson)
80 -Jr[lon0/]scale (Winkel Tripel)
81 -Jv[lon0/]scale (Van der Grinten)
82 -Jw[lon0/]scale (Mollweide)
83 NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:
85 -Jp[a]scale[/origin][r|z] (Polar coordinates (theta,r))
87 -Jxx-scale[d|l|ppow|t|T][/y-scale[d|l|ppow|t|T]] (Linear, log,
88 and power scaling)
89 -R west, east, south, and north specify the Region of interest, and
91 you may specify them in decimal degrees or in
92 [+-]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format. Append r if lower left and
93 upper right map coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n. The
94 two shorthands -Rg and -Rd stand for global domain (0/360 and
95 -180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude).
96 -S Selects the meaning of the columns in the data file
98 In order to use the same file to plot cross-sections, depth is
99 in third column. Nevertheless, it is possible to use "old
100 style" psvelomeca input files without depth in third column
101 using the -o option.
102 -Sascale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
104 Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richard convention. scale adjusts
105 the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be
106 proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude
107 = 5 in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). Use the -T
108 option to render the beach ball transparent by drawing only the
109 nodal planes and the circumference. The color or shade of the
110 compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The
111 color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with
112 the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
113 columns:
114 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
116 3: depth of event in kilometers
118 4,5,6: strike, dip and rake in degrees
120 7: magnitude
122 8,9: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
124 these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
125 columns 8 and 9 will plot the beach ball at the longtiude, lati‐
126 tude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange
127 the order of columns (1,2) and (8,9).
128 10: Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
130 -Scscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
133 Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention. scale adjusts the
134 scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be propor‐
135 tional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5
136 (that is M0 = 4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is
137 appended). Use the -T option to render the beach ball transpar‐
138 ent by drawing only the nodal planes and the circumference. The
139 color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
140 with the -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quad‐
141 rants can be specified with the -E option. Parameters are
142 expected to be in the following columns:
143 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
145 3: depth of event in kilometers
147 4,5,6: strike, dip, and rake of plane 1
149 7,8,9: strike, dip, and rake of plane 2
151 10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm
153 12,13: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
155 these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using (0,0) in
156 columns 11 and 12 will plot the beach ball at the longitude,
157 latitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will inter‐
158 change the order of columns (1,2) and (12,13).
159 14: Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
161 -Smscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
163 Seismic moment tensor (Harvard CMT, with zero trace). scale
164 adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which
165 will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for
166 magnitude = 5 (that is scalar seismic moment = 4.0E23 dynes-cm)
167 in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). (-T0 option over‐
168 lays best double couple transparently.) Put -Sdscale[/font‐
169 size[/offset[u]]] to plot the only double couple part of moment
170 tensor. Put -Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic
171 part of moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the
172 compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The
173 color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with
174 the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
175 columns
176 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
178 3: depth of event in kilometers
180 4,5,6,7,8,9:
182 mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm
183 10: exponent
185 11,12: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
187 these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
188 columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lat‐
189 itude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange
190 the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
191 13: Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
193 -Spscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
196 Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both planes. scale
197 adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which
198 will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for
199 magnitude = 5 in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). The
200 color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
201 with the -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quad‐
202 rants can be specified with the -E option. Parameters are
203 expected to be in the following columns
204 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
206 3: depth of event in kilometers
208 4,5: strike, dip of plane 1
210 6: strike of plane 2
212 7: must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
214 8: magnitude
216 9,10: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
218 these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
219 columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lat‐
220 itude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange
221 the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
222 11: Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
224 -Sxscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
227 Principal axis. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the
228 "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale
229 is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment =
230 4*10e+23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).
231 (-T0 option overlays best double couple transparently.) Put
232 -Syscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the only double
233 couple part of moment tensor. Put -Stscale[c/i][/fontsize[/off‐
234 set[u]]] to plot zero trace moment tensor. The color or shade
235 of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G
236 option. The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be
237 specified with the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in
238 the following columns
239 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
241 3: depth of event in kilometers
243 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12:
245 value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of T, N, P
246 axis.
247 13: exponent
249 14,15: longtiude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
251 these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
252 columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lat‐
253 itude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange
254 the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
255 16: Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
257
260 No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.
261 -B Sets map boundary annotation and tickmark intervals; see the
263 psbasemap man page for all the details.
264 -C[pen][pointsize]
266 Offsets focal mechanisms to the longitude, latitude specified in
267 the last two columns of the input file before the (optional)
268 text string. A small circle is plotted at the initial location
269 and a line connects the beachball to the circle. Specify pen
270 and/or pointsize to change the line style and/or size of the
271 circle. [Defaults: pen width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture =
272 solid; pointsize 0].
273 -D depmin/depmax Plots events between depmin and depmax.
275 -Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white. Set the
277 shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].
278 -Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention, the com‐
280 pressional quadrants of the focal mechanism beach balls are
281 shaded. Set the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is
282 0/0/0].
283 -H Input file(s) has Header record(s). Number of header records
285 can be changed by editing your .gmtdefaults4 file. If used, GMT
286 default is 1 header record. Use -Hi if only input data should
287 have header records [Default will write out header records if
288 the input data have them]. Blank lines and lines starting with #
289 are always skipped.
290 -K More PostScript code will be appended later [Default terminates
292 the plot system].
293 -L[pen]
295 Draws the "beach ball" outline with pen attributes. [Defaults
296 width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid].
297 -M Use the same size for any magnitude. Size is given with -S.
299 -N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside frame boundary specified
301 by -R [Default plots symbols inside frame only].
302 -O Selects Overlay plot mode [Default initializes a new plot sys‐
304 tem].
305 -P Selects Portrait plotting mode [Default is Landscape, see gmtde‐
307 faults to change this].
308 -T[num_of_planes]
310 Plots the nodal planes and outlines the bubble which is trans‐
311 parent. If num_of_planes is
312 0: both nodal planes are plotted;
313 1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
314 2: only the second nodal plane is plotted.
315 -U Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. By adding just/dx/dy/, the
317 user may specify the justification of the stamp and where the
318 stamp should fall on the page relative to lower left corner of
319 the plot. For example, BL/0/0 will align the lower left corner
320 of the time stamp with the lower left corner of the plot.
321 Optionally, append a label, or c (which will plot the command
322 string.). The GMT parameters UNIX_TIME, UNIX_TIME_POS, and
323 UNIX_TIME_FORMAT can affect the appearance; see the gmtdefaults
324 man page for details. The time string will be in the locale set
325 by the environment variable TZ (generally local time).
326 -V Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to stderr
328 [Default runs "silently"].
329 -W
331 SPECIFYING PENS
333 pen The attributes of lines and symbol outlines as defined by pen is
334 a comma delimetered list of width, color and texture, each of
335 which is optional. width can be indicated as a measure (points,
336 centimeters, inches) or as faint, thin[ner|nest], thick[er|est],
337 fat[ter|test], or obese. color specifies a grey shade or color
338 (see SPECIFYING COLOR below). texture is a combination of
339 dashes `-' and dots `.'.
340 -X -Y Shift plot origin relative to the current origin by (x-shift,y-
342 shift) and optionally append the length unit (c, i, m, p). You
343 can prepend a to shift the origin back to the original position
344 after plotting, or prepend r [Default] to reset the current
345 origin to the new location. If -O is used then the default (x-
346 shift,y-shift) is (0,0), otherwise it is (r1i, r1i) or (r2.5c,
347 r2.5c). Alternatively, give c to align the center coordinate (x
348 or y) of the plot with the center of the page based on current
349 page size.
350 -Zcptfile
352 Give a color palette file and let compressive part color be
353 determined by the z-value in the third column.
354 -z Overlay zero trace moment tensor.
356 -a[size/[P_axis_symbol[T_axis_symbol]]]
358 Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols. Optionally specify
359 size and (separate) P and T axis symbols from the following: (c)
360 circle, (d) diamond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle,
361 (p)point, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. [Defaults:
362 0.2c/cc or 0.08i/cc.]
363 -efill Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
365 color (r/g/b). Default is white.
366 -gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
368 color (r/g/b). Default black.
369 -o Use the psvelomeca input format without depth in the third col‐
371 umn.
372 -p[pen]
374 Draws the P axis outline using default pen (see -W), or sets pen
375 attributes.
376 -t[pen]
378 Draws the T axis outline using default pen (see -W), or sets pen
379 attributes.
380 -: Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (latitude,longitude)
382 input and/or output. [Default is (longitude,latitude)]. Append
383 i to select input only or o to select output only. [Default
384 affects both].
385 -c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1].
387
389 The following file should give a normal-faulting CMT mechanism:
390 psmeca -R239/240/34/35.2 -Jm4 -Sc0.4 -H1 <<END>! test.ps
391 lon lat depth str dip slip st dip slip mant exp plon plat
392 239.384 34.556 12. 180 18 -88 0 72 -90 5.5 0 0 0
393 END
394
397 GMT(1), psbasemap(1), psxy(1)
398
400 Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
401 Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman, 1980.
402 F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton, 1998,
403 p.167.
404 Cliff Frohlich, Cliff's Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh
405 and Sv
406 Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-February,
407 1996
408 Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press,
409 1995, p.384.
410 W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical
411 Recipes in
412 C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)
413
415 Genevieve Patau
416 CNRS UMR 7580
417 Seismology Dept.
418 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
419 (patau@.ipgp.jussieu.fr)
420GMT 4.3.1 15 May 2008 PSMECA(1)