1MAGIC(1) General Commands Manual MAGIC(1)
2
6 magic - VLSI layout editor
7
9 magic [ -T technology ] [ -d device_type ] [ -g graphics_port ] [
10 -m monitor_type ] [ -D ] [ file ]
11
14 Magic is an interactive editor for VLSI layouts that runs under all
15 variants of UNIX, including Mac OS-X and Cygwin. This man page is a
16 reference manual; if you are a first-time user, you should use the
17 Magic tutorials to get acquainted with the system (see the online
18 resources links below).
19 Magic uses two windows: one for text and a separate window for display‐
21 ing layouts. Magic runs under the window system X11 (use under Cygwin
22 requires the presence of an X11 server in Windows; the server that
23 comes packaged with Cygwin works well). The command line switch "-d"
24 can be used to tell Magic which kind of display you are running.
25 Specifically, this is useful to tell magic to use OpenGL graphics
26 instead of plain X11 ("-d OGL"), or to use 24 bit plane graphics
27 instead of 8 bit planes ("-d 24BITS") if both are available on a video
28 card with overlay support.
29 Here are the options accepted by Magic:
31 -T The next argument is the name of a technology. The tile types,
33 display information, and design rules for this technology are
34 read by Magic from a technology file when it starts up. The
35 technology defaults to ``scmos''.
36 -d The next argument is the type of workstation or graphics display
38 being used. Magic supports these types:
39 NULL A null device for running Magic without using a graphics
41 display, such as a batch job. Note that the special case
42 "-dnull" (lowercase, no space) has a more streamlined
43 startup specifically for batch processing.
44 X11 X-windows, version 11. The is the preferred interface.
46 Magic acts as a client to the X window server and inter‐
47 faces to all graphics terminals supported by the X
48 server.
49 OGL OpenGL graphics running under X11. This is the preferred
51 interface on systems having hardware-accelerated 3D
52 graphics video cards and drivers.
53 Addition information on Magic's X11 driver, including
55 options for .Xdefaults files, may be found in ``Magic
56 Maintainer's Manual #4: Using Magic Under X Windows''.
57 XWIND Simply another name for the X11 driver.
59 If no device is specified, Magic tries to guess which driver is appro‐
60 priate (by checking the environment variables and by poking around in
61 /dev).
62 When Magic starts up it looks for a command file in
64 ${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys/.magicrc and processes it if it exists. Then
65 Magic looks for a file with the name ``.magicrc'' in the home directory
66 and processes it if it exists. Finally, Magic looks for a .magicrc
67 file in the current directory and reads it as a command file if it
68 exists. The .magicrc file format is described under the source com‐
69 mand. If magic is compiled with Tcl/Tk support, then any magic or
70 Tcl/Tk commands may be used inside the startup file. The startup file
71 name was changed to ".magicrc" to avoid conflicts with a common system
72 file named ".magic". However, the name ".magic" will be searched after
73 ".magicrc" for backward compatibility.
74
77 Magics uses types of commands: Key macros and long commands. The
78 first form consists of single-key (or button) abbreviations called
79 ``macros''; macros are invoked by pressing a single key or mouse but‐
80 ton. Certain macros are predefined in the systemwide
81 ${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys/.magicrc file, but you can override them and add
82 your own macros using the macro command (described below under COMMANDS
83 FOR ALL WINDOWS). The special macro "." is reserved to mean "execute
84 the last typed long command".
85 You can enter long commands in the terminal console at the console
87 prompt, or from the layout window by typing a : or ; key, which are the
88 two other reserved macros meaning "switch keyboard focus to the console
89 window". After typing the : or ; key, type the text of the command,
90 which will be written to the terminal window. Multiple commands may be
91 specified on one line by separating them with semicolons.
92 Most commands deal with the window underneath the cursor, so if a com‐
95 mand doesn't do what you expect make sure that you are pointing to the
96 correct place on the screen. There are several different kinds of win‐
97 dows in Magic (layout, color, and netlist); each window has a different
98 command set, described in a separate section below.
99
102 Magic uses a three button mouse. The buttons are interpreted in a way
103 that depends on the current tool, as indicated by the shape of the cur‐
104 sor (see the tool command). The various tools are described below.
105 The initial tool is box. These interpretations apply only when mouse
106 buttons are pressed in the interior of a layout window.
107 Box Tool
109 This is the default tool, and is indicated by a crosshair cur‐
110 sor. It is used to position the box and to paint and erase:
111 left This button is used to move the box by one of its cor‐
113 ners. Normally, this button picks up the box by its
114 lower-left corner. To pick the box up by a different
115 corner, click the right button while the left button is
116 down. This switches the pick-up point to the corner
117 nearest the cursor. When the button is released, the box
118 is moved to position the corner at the cursor location.
119 If the box has been set to snap to the window's grid (see
120 the :snap command), then the box corner is left aligned
121 with the grid that the user has chosen for the window
122 with the :grid command, even if that grid is not visible.
123 right Change the size of the box by moving one corner. Nor‐
125 mally this button moves the upper-right corner of the
126 box. To move a different corner, click the left button
127 while the right button is down. This switches the corner
128 to the one nearest the cursor. When you release the but‐
129 ton, three corners of the box move in order to place the
130 selected corner at the cursor location (the corner oppo‐
131 site the one you picked up remains fixed). Snapping to
132 the window's grid is handled as for the left button.
133 middle (bottom)
135 Used to paint or erase. If the crosshair is over paint,
136 then the area of the box is painted with the layer(s)
137 underneath the crosshair. If the crosshair is over white
138 space, then the area of the box is erased.
139 Wiring Tool
141 The wiring tool, indicated by an arrow cursor, is used to pro‐
142 vide an efficient interface to the wiring commands:
143 left Same as the long command wire type.
145 right Same as the long command wire leg.
147 middle (bottom)
149 Same as the long command wire switch.
150 Netlist Tool
152 This tool is used to edit netlists interactively. It is indi‐
153 cated by a thick box cursor.
154 left Select the net associated with the terminal nearest the
156 cursor.
157 right Find the terminal nearest the cursor, and toggle it into
159 the current net (if it wasn't already in the current net)
160 or out of the current net (if it was previously in the
161 net).
162 middle (bottom)
164 Find the terminal nearest the cursor, and join its net
165 with the current net.
166 Rsim Tool
168 Used when running the IRSIM simulator under Magic. A pointing
169 hand is used as the cursor.
170 left Moves the box just like the box tool.
172 right Moves the box just like the box tool.
174 middle (bottom)
176 Displays the Rsim node values of the selected paint.
177
179 These commands work if you are pointing to the interior of a layout
180 window. Commands are invoked by typing a colon (``:'') or semi-colon
181 (``;''), followed by a line containing a command name and zero or more
182 parameters. In addition, macros may be used to invoke commands with
183 single keystrokes. Useful default macros are set in the global .magi‐
184 crc file (in ${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys, normally /usr/local/lib/magic/sys).
185 You can list all current macros with the macro command, described under
186 ``LONG COMMANDS FOR ALL WINDOWS''. Unique abbreviations are acceptable
187 for all keywords in commands. The commands are:
188 addpath searchpath
190 Add more directories to the end of Magic's cell search path.
191 See the documentation for the path command for an explanation of
192 the search path.
193 array xsize ysize
195 Make many copies of the selection. There will be xsize
196 instances in the x-direction and ysize instances in the y-direc‐
197 tion. Paint and labels are arrayed by copying them. Subcells
198 are not copied, but instead each instance is turned into an
199 array instance with elements numbered from 0 to xsize-1 in the
200 x-direction, and from 0 to ysize-1 in the y-direction. The
201 spacing between elements of the array is determined by the box
202 x- and y-dimensions.
203 array xlo ylo xhi yhi
205 Identical to the form of array above, except that the elements
206 of arrayed cells are numbered left-to-right from xlo to xhi and
207 bottom-to-top from ylo to yhi. It is legal for xlo to be
208 greater than xhi, and also for ylo to be greater than yhi.
209 box [args]
211 Used to change the size of the box or to find out its size.
212 There are several sorts of arguments that may be given to this
213 command:
214 (No arguments.)
216 Show the box size and its location in the edit cell, or
217 root cell of its window if the edit cell isn't in that
218 window.
219 direction [distance]
221 Move the box distance units in direction, which may be
222 one of left, right, up, or down. Distance defaults to
223 the width of the box if direction is right or left, and
224 to the height of the box if direction is up or down.
225 width [size]
227 height [size]
229 Set the box to the width or height indicated. If size is
230 not specified the width or height is reported.
231 x1 y1 x2 y2
233 Move the box to the coordinates specified (these are in
234 edit cell coordinates if the edit cell is in the window
235 under the cursor; otherwise these are in the root coor‐
236 dinates of the window). x1 and y1 are the coordinates of
237 the lower left corner of the box, while x2 and y2 are the
238 upper right corner. The coordinates must all be inte‐
239 gers.
240 calma [option] [args]
242 This command is used to read and write files in Calma GDS II
243 Stream format (version 3.0, corresponding to GDS II Release
244 5.1). This format is like CIF, in that it describes physical
245 mask layers instead of Magic layers. In fact, the technology
246 file specifies a correspondence between CIF and Calma layers.
247 The current CIF output style (see cif ostyle) controls how Calma
248 stream layers are generated from Magic layers. If no arguments
249 are given, the calma command generates a Calma stream file for
250 the layout in the window beneath the cursor in file.strm, where
251 file is the name of the root cell. This stream file describes
252 the entire cell hierarchy in the window. The name of the
253 library is the same as the name of the root cell. Option and
254 args may be used to invoke one of several additional operations:
255 calma flatten
257 Ordinarily, Magic arrays are output using the Calma ARRAY
258 construct. After a calma flatten command, though, arrays
259 will be output instead as a collection of individual cell
260 uses, as occurs when writing CIF.
261 calma help
263 Print a short synopsis of all of the calma command
264 options.
265 calma labels
267 Output labels whenever writing a Calma output file.
268 calma lower
270 Allow both upper and lower case to be output for label
271 text. This is the default behavior; calma nolower causes
272 lower case to be converted to upper case on output.
273 calma noflatten
275 Undoes the effect of a prior :calma flatten command, re-
276 enabling the output of Magic arrays using the Calma ARRAY
277 construct.
278 calma nolabels
280 Don't output labels when writing a Calma output file.
281 calma nolower
283 Convert lower to upper case when outputting labels.
284 calma read file
286 The file file.strm is read in Calma format and converted
287 to a collection of Magic cells. The current CIF input
288 style determines how the Calma layers are converted to
289 Magic layers. The new cells are marked for design-rule
290 checking. Calma format doesn't identify the root of the
291 collection of cells read in, so none of the cells read
292 will appear on the display; use load to make them visi‐
293 ble. If the Calma file had been produced by Magic, then
294 the name of the root cell is the same as the library name
295 printed by the :calma read command.
296 calma write fileName
298 Writes a stream file just as if no arguments had been
299 entered, except that the output is written into file‐
300 Name.strm instead of using the root cell name for the
301 file name.
302 channels
304 This command will run just the channel decomposition part of the
305 Magic router, deriving channels for the area under the box. The
306 channels will be displayed as outlined feedback areas over the
307 edit cell.
308 cif [option] [args]
310 Read or write files in Caltech Intermediate Form (CIF). If no
311 arguments are given, this command generates a CIF file for the
312 window beneath the cursor in file.cif, where file is the name of
313 the root cell. The CIF file describes the entire cell hierarchy
314 in the window. Option and args may be used to invoke one of
315 several additional CIF operations:
316 cif arealabels [yes | no]
318 Enables/disables the cif area-label extension. If
319 enabled, area labels are written via the 95 cif exten‐
320 sion. If disabled, labels are collapsed to points when
321 writing cif and the 94 cif construct is used. Area-
322 labels are disabled by default (many programs don't
323 understand cif area-labels).
324 cif help
326 Print a short synopsis of all of the cif command options.
327 cif istyle [style]
329 Select the style to be used for CIF input. If no style
330 argument is provided, then Magic prints the names of all
331 CIF input styles defined in the technology file and iden‐
332 tifies the current style. If style is provided, it is
333 made the current style.
334 cif ostyle [style]
336 Select the style to be used for CIF output. If no style
337 argument is provided, then Magic prints the names of all
338 CIF output styles defined in the technology file and
339 identifies the current style. If style is provided, it
340 is made the current style.
341 cif read file
343 The file file.cif is read in CIF format and converted to
344 a collection of Magic cells. The current input style
345 determines how the CIF layers are converted to Magic lay‐
346 ers. The new cells are marked for design-rule checking.
347 Any information in the top-level CIF cell is copied into
348 the edit cell. Note: this command is not undo-able (it
349 would waste too much space and time to save information
350 for undoing).
351 cif see layer
353 In this command layer must be the CIF name for a layer in
354 the current output style. Magic will display on the
355 screen all the CIF for that layer that falls under the
356 box, using stippled feedback areas. It's a bad idea to
357 look at CIF over a large area, since this command
358 requires the area under the box to be flattened and
359 therefore is slow.
360 cif statistics
362 Prints out statistics gathered by the CIF generator as it
363 operates. This is probably not useful to anyone except
364 system maintainers.
365 cif write fileName
367 Writes out CIF just as if no arguments had been entered,
368 except that the CIF is written into fileName.cif instead
369 of using the root cell name for the file name. The cur‐
370 rent output style controls how CIF layers are generated
371 from Magic layers.
372 cif flat fileName
374 Writes out CIF as in the cif write command, but flattens
375 the design first (e.g. creates an internal version with
376 the cell hierarchy removed). This is useful if one
377 wishes to use the and-not feature of the CIF output
378 styles, but is having problems with interactions of over‐
379 lapping cells.
380 clockwise [degrees]
382 Rotate the selection by 90, 180 or 270 degrees. After the rota‐
383 tion, the lower-left corner of the selection's bounding box will
384 be in the same place as the lower-left corner of the bounding
385 box before the rotation. Degrees defaults to 90. If the box is
386 in the same window as the selection, it is rotated too. Only
387 material in the edit cell is affected.
388 copy [direction [amount]]
390 copy to x y
392 If no arguments are given, a copy of the selection is picking up
393 at the point lying underneath the box lower-left corner, and
394 placed so that this point lies at the cursor position. If
395 direction is given, it must be a Manhattan direction (e.g.
396 north, see the ``DIRECTIONS'' section below). The copy of the
397 selection is moved in that direction by amount. If the box is
398 in the same window as the selection, it is moved too. Amount
399 defaults to 1. The second form of the command behaves as though
400 the cursor were pointing to (x, y) in the edit cell; a copy of
401 the selection is picked up by the point beneath the lower-left
402 corner of the box and placed so that this point lies at (x, y).
403 corner direction1 direction2 [layers]
405 This command is similar to fill, except that it generates L-
406 shaped wires that travel across the box first in direction1 and
407 then in direction2. For example, corner north east finds all
408 paint under the bottom edge of the box and extends it up to the
409 top of the box and then across to the right side of the box,
410 generating neat corners at the top of the box. The box should
411 be at least as tall as it is wide for this command to work cor‐
412 rectly. Direction1 and direction2 must be Manhattan directions
413 (see the section DIRECTIONS below) and must be orthogonal to
414 each other. If layers is specified then only those layers are
415 used; otherwise all layers are considered.
416 delete Delete all the information in the current selection that is in
418 the edit cell. When cells are deleted, only the selected use(s)
419 of the cell is (are) deleted: other uses of the cell remain
420 intact, as does the disk file containing the cell. Selected
421 material outside the edit cell is not deleted.
422 drc option [args]
424 This command is used to interact with the design rule checker.
425 Option and args (if needed) are used to invoke a drc command in
426 one of the following ways:
427 drc catchup
429 Let the checker process all the areas that need recheck‐
430 ing. This command will not return until design-rule
431 checking is complete or an interrupt is typed. The
432 checker will run even if the background checker has been
433 disabled with drc off.
434 drc check
436 Mark the area under the box for rechecking in all cells
437 that intersect the box. The recheck will occur in back‐
438 ground after the command completes. This command is not
439 normally necessary, since Magic automatically remembers
440 which areas need to be rechecked. It should only be
441 needed if the design rules are changed.
442 drc count
444 Print the number of errors in each cell under the box.
445 Cells with no errors are skipped.
446 drc find [nth]
448 Place the box over the nth error area in the selected
449 cell or edit cell, and print out information about the
450 error just as if drc why had been typed. If nth isn't
451 given (or is less than 1), the command moves to the next
452 error area. Successive invocations of drc find cycle
453 through all the error tiles in the cell. If multiple
454 cells are selected, this command uses the upper-leftmost
455 one. If no cells are selected, this command uses the
456 edit cell.
457 drc help
459 Print a short synopsis of all the drc command options.
460 drc off
462 Turn off the background checker. From now on, Magic will
463 not recheck design rules immediately after each command
464 (but it will record the areas that need to be rechecked;
465 the command drc on can be used to restart the checker).
466 drc on Turn on the background checker. The checker will check
468 whatever modifications have not already been checked.
469 From now on, the checker will reverify modified areas as
470 they result from commands. The checker is run in the
471 background, not synchronously with commands, so it may
472 get temporarily behind if massive changes are made.
473 drc printrules [file]
475 Print out the compiled rule set in file, or on the text
476 terminal if file isn't given. For system maintenance
477 only.
478 drc rulestats
480 Print out summary statistics about the compiled rule set.
481 This is primarily for use in writing technology files.
482 drc statistics
484 Print out statistics kept by the design-rule checker.
485 For each statistic, two values are printed: the count
486 since the last time drc statistics was invoked, and the
487 total count in this editing session. This command is
488 intended primarily for system maintenance purposes.
489 drc why
491 Recheck the area underneath the box and print out the
492 reason for each violation found. Since this command
493 causes a recheck, the box should normally be placed
494 around a small area (such as an error area).
495 dump cellName [child refPointC] [parent refPointP]
497 Copy the contents of cell cellName into the edit cell so that
498 refPointC in the child is positioned at point refPointP in the
499 edit cell. The reference points can either be the name of a
500 label, in which case the lower-left corner of the label's box is
501 used as the reference point, or as a pair of numbers giving the
502 (x, y) coordinates of a point explicitly. If refPointC is not
503 specified, the lower-left corner of cellName cell is used. If
504 refPointP is not specified, the lower-left corner of the box
505 tool is used (the box must be in a window on the edit cell).
506 After this command completes, the new information is selected.
507 edit Make the selected cell the edit cell, and edit it in context.
509 The edit cell is normally displayed in brighter colors than
510 other cells (see the see command to change this). If more than
511 one cell is selected, or if the selected cell is an array, the
512 cursor position is used to select one of those cells as the new
513 edit cell. Generally, Magic commands modify only the current
514 edit cell.
515 erase [layers]
517 For the area enclosed by the box, erase all paint in layers.
518 (See the ``LAYERS'' section for the syntax of layer lists). If
519 layers is omitted it defaults to *,labels. See your technology
520 manual, or use the layers command, to find out about the avail‐
521 able layer names.
522 expand [toggle]
524 If the keyword toggle is supplied, all of the selected cells
525 that are unexpanded are expanded, and all of the selected cells
526 that are expanded are unexpanded. If toggle isn't specified,
527 then all of the cells underneath the box are expanded recur‐
528 sively until there is nothing but paint under the box.
529 extract option [args]
531 Extract a layout, producing one or more hierarchical .ext files
532 that describe the electrical circuit implemented by the layout.
533 The current extraction style (see extract style below) deter‐
534 mines the parameters for parasitic resistance, capacitance, etc.
535 that will be used. The extract command with no parameters
536 checks timestamps and re-extracts as needed to bring all .ext
537 files up-to-date for the cell in the window beneath the
538 crosshair, and all cells beneath it. Magic displays any errors
539 encountered during circuit extraction using stippled feedback
540 areas over the area of the error, along with a message describ‐
541 ing the type of error. Option and args are used in the follow‐
542 ing ways:
543 extract all
545 All cells in the window beneath the cursor are re-
546 extracted regardless of whether they have changed since
547 last being extracted.
548 extract cell name
550 Extract only the currently selected cell, placing the
551 output in the file name. If more than one cell is
552 selected, this command uses the upper-leftmost one.
553 extract do [ option ]
555 extract no option
557 Enable or disable various options governing how the
558 extractor will work. Use :extract do with no arguments
559 to print a list of available options and their current
560 settings. When the adjust option is enabled, the extrac‐
561 tor will compute compensating capacitance and resistance
562 whenever cells overlap or abut; if disabled, the extrac‐
563 tor will not compute these adjustments but will run
564 faster. If capacitance is enabled, node capacitances to
565 substrate (perimeter and area) are computed; otherwise,
566 all node capacitances are set to zero. Similarly, resis‐
567 tance governs whether or not node resistances are com‐
568 puted. The coupling option controls whether coupling
569 capacitances are computed or not; if disabled, flat
570 extraction is significantly faster than if coupling
571 capacitance computation is enabled. Finally, the length
572 option determines whether or not pathlengths in the root
573 cell are computed (see extract length below).
574 extract help
576 Prints a short synopsis of all the extract command
577 options.
578 extract length [ option args ]
580 Provides several options for controlling which point-to-
581 point path lengths are extracted explicitly. The extrac‐
582 tor maintains two internal tables, one of drivers, or
583 places where a signal is generated, and one of receivers,
584 or places where a signal is sent. The components of each
585 table are hierarchical label names, defined by means of
586 the two commands extract length driver name1 [name2 ...]
587 and extract length receiver name1 [name2 ...]. If
588 extraction of pathlengths is enabled (``:extract do
589 length''), then when the root cell in an extract command
590 is being extracted, the extractor will compute the short‐
591 est and longest path between each driver and each
592 receiver on the same electrical net, and output it to the
593 .ext file for the root cell. Normally, one should create
594 a file of these Magic commands for the circuit drivers
595 and receivers of interest, and use source to read it in
596 prior to circuit extraction. Extract length clear
597 removes all the entries from both the driver and receiver
598 tables.
599 extract parents
601 Extract the currently selected cell and all of its par‐
602 ents. All of its parents must be loaded in order for
603 this to work correctly. If more than one cell is
604 selected, this command uses the upper-leftmost one.
605 extract showparents
607 Like extract parents, but only print the cells that would
608 be extracted; don't actually extract them.
609 extract style [style]
611 Select the style to be used for extraction parameters.
612 If no style argument is provided, then Magic prints the
613 names of all extraction parameter styles defined in the
614 technology file and identifies the current style. If
615 style is provided, it is made the current style.
616 extract unique [#]
618 For each cell in the window beneath the cursor, check to
619 insure that no label is attached to more than one node.
620 If the # keyword was not specified, whenever a label is
621 attached to more than one node, the labels in all but one
622 of the nodes are changed by appending a numeric suffix to
623 make them unique. If the # keyword is specified, only
624 names that end in a ``#'' are made unique; any other
625 duplicate nodenames that don't end in a ``!'' are
626 reported by leaving a warning feedback area. This com‐
627 mand is provided for converting old designs that were
628 intended for extraction with Mextra, which would automat‐
629 ically append unique suffixes to node names when they
630 appeared more than once.
631 extract warn [ [no] option | [no] all ]
633 The extractor always reports fatal errors. This command
634 controls the types of warnings that are reported. Option
635 may be one of the following: dup, to warn about two or
636 more unconnected nodes in the same cell that have the
637 same name, fets, to warn about transistors with fewer
638 than the minimum number of terminals, and labels, to warn
639 when nodes are not labeled in the area of cell overlap.
640 In addition, all may be used to refer to all warnings.
641 If a warning is preceded by no, it is disabled. To dis‐
642 able all warnings, use ``extract warn no all''. To see
643 which warning options are in effect, use ``extract
644 warn''.
645 extresist [cell [threshold] ]
647 Postprocessor for improving on the resistance calculation per‐
648 formed by the circuit extractor. To use this command, you first
649 have to extract the design rooted at cell with :extract cell,
650 and then flatten the design using ext2sim(1), producing the
651 files cell.sim and cell.nodes. Then run :extresist cell to pro‐
652 duce a file, cell.res.ext, containing differences between the
653 network described by the .ext files produced the first time
654 around, and a new network that incorporates explicit two-point
655 resistors where appropriate (see below). This file may be
656 appended to cell.ext, and then ext2simrun for a second time, to
657 produce a new network with explicit resistors. The threshold
658 parameter is used to control which nodes are turned into resis‐
659 tor networks: any node whose total resistance exceeds threshold
660 times the smallest on-resistance of any transistor connected to
661 that node will be approximated as a resistor network.
662 feedback option [args]
664 Examine feedback information that is created by several of the
665 Magic commands to report problems or highlight certain things
666 for users. Option and args are used in the following ways:
667 feedback add text [style]
669 Used to create a feedback area manually at the location
670 of the box. This is intended as a way for other programs
671 like Crystal to highlight things on a layout. They can
672 generate a command file consisting of a feedback clear
673 command, and a sequence of box and feedback add commands.
674 Text is associated with the feedback (it will be printed
675 by feedback why and feedback find). Style tells how to
676 display the feedback, and is one of dotted, medium, out‐
677 line, pale, and solid (if unspecified, style defaults to
678 pale).
679 feedback clear
681 Clears all existing feedback information from the screen.
682 feedback count
684 Prints out a count of the current number of feedback
685 areas.
686 feedback find [nth]
688 Used to locate a particular feedback area. If nth is
689 specified, the box is moved to the location of the nth
690 feedback area. If nth isn't specified, then the box is
691 moved to the next sequential feedback area after the last
692 one located with feedback find. In either event, the
693 explanation associated with the feedback area is printed.
694 feedback help
696 Prints a short synopsis of all the feedback command
697 options.
698 feedback save file
700 This option will save information about all existing
701 feedback areas in file. The information is stored as a
702 collection of Magic commands, so that it can be recovered
703 with the command source file.
704 feedback why
706 Prints out the explanations associated with all feedback
707 areas underneath the box.
708 fill direction [layers]
710 Direction is a Manhattan direction (see the section DIRECTIONS
711 below). The paint visible under one edge of the box is sampled.
712 Everywhere that the edge touches paint, the paint is extended in
713 the given direction to the opposite side of the box. For exam‐
714 ple, if direction is north, then paint is sampled under the bot‐
715 tom edge of the box and extended to the top edge. If layers is
716 specified, then only the given layers are considered; if layers
717 isn't specified, then all layers are considered.
718 findbox [zoom]
720 Center the view on the box. If the optional zoom argument is
721 present, zoom into the area specified by the box. This command
722 will complain if the box is not in the window you are pointing
723 to.
724 flush [cellname]
726 Cell cellname is reloaded from disk. All changes made to the
727 cell since it was last saved are discarded. If cellname is not
728 given, the edit cell is flushed.
729 garoute option [args]
731 This command, with no option or arg, is like the route command:
732 it generates routing in the edit cell to make connections speci‐
733 fied in the current netlist. (See the route command for further
734 information). Unlike the route command, this command is
735 intended to be used for routing types of circuits, such as gate-
736 arrays, whose routing channels can be determined in advance, and
737 which require the ability to river-route across the tops of
738 cells. The channels must have been predefined using
739 garoute channel commands prior to this command being invoked.
740 Unlike the route command, where the box indicates the routing
741 area, this command ignores the box entirely. The new wires are
742 placed in the edit cell. The netlist used is that selected by
743 the route netlist command, or the current netlist being edited
744 in a netlist window if no route netlist command has been given.
745 Options and args have the following effects:
746 garoute channel [type]
748 garoute channel xlo ylo xhi yhi [type]
750 Define a channel. If xlo, ylo, xhi, and yhi are pro‐
751 vided, they are interpreted as the coordinates of the
752 lower-left and upper-right of the bounding box for the
753 channel respectively. Otherwise, the coordinates of the
754 box are used. The boundary of each channel is adjusted
755 inward to lie halfway between routing grid lines if it
756 does not lie there already; if the channel is adjusted, a
757 warning message is printed. The channel defined is an
758 ordinary routing channel if type is not specified; such
759 channels are identical to those used by the router of the
760 route command. If type is given, it must be either h or
761 v. The channel thereby created will be a river-routing
762 channel inside which only left-to-right routes are possi‐
763 ble (``h'') or top-to-bottom (``v''). Unlike a normal
764 channel, a river-routing channel may contain terminals in
765 its interior.
766 garoute generate type [file]
768 Provides a primitive form of channel decomposition for
769 regular structures such as gate-array or standard-cell
770 layouts. Generates a collection of garoute channel com‐
771 mands, either to the standard output, or to file if the
772 latter is specified. The type parameter must be either h
773 or v. The entire area contained within the box is turned
774 into routing channels. Each cell inside this area has
775 its bounding box computed for purposes of routing by
776 looking only at those layers considered to be ``obsta‐
777 cles'' to routing (see ``Tutorial #7: Netlists and Rout‐
778 ing'' for details). The bounding box just computed is
779 then extended all the way to the sides of the area of the
780 box tool, vertically if type is h or horizontally if type
781 is v. This extended area is then marked as belonging to
782 a river-routing channel of type type; adjacent channels
783 of this type are merged into a single channel. After all
784 cells are processed, the areas not marked as being river-
785 routing channels are output as normal channels.
786 garoute help
788 Print a short synopsis of all the garoute command
789 options.
790 garoute nowarn
792 If a given terminal appears in more than one place inside
793 a cell, the router can leave feedback if it is not possi‐
794 ble to route to all of the places where the terminal
795 appears. The garoute nowarn command instructs the router
796 to leave feedback only if it is not possible to route to
797 any of the locations of a terminal. (This is the default
798 behavior of garoute router).
799 garoute route [netlist]
801 Route the edit cell. If netlist is not specified, the
802 netlist used is the same as when garoute is given with no
803 options. If netlist is given, then it is used instead.
804 garoute reset
806 Clear all channels defined by garoute channel in prepara‐
807 tion for redefining a new set of channels.
808 garoute warn
810 The opposite of garoute nowarn, this command instructs
811 the router to leave feedback if it is not possible to
812 route to all of the places where a terminal appears when
813 a terminal has more than one location, even if not all of
814 those locations are actually selected for routing by the
815 global router.
816 getcell cellName [child refPointC] [parent refPointP]
818 This command adds a child cell instance to the edit cell. The
819 instance refers to the cell cellName; it is positioned so that
820 refPointC in the child is at point refPointP in the edit cell.
821 The reference points can either be the name of a label, in which
822 case the lower-left corner of the label's box is used as the
823 reference point, or as a pair of numbers giving the (x, y) coor‐
824 dinates of a point explicitly. If refPointC is not specified,
825 the lower-left corner of cellName cell is used. If refPointP is
826 not specified, the lower-left corner of the box tool is used
827 (the box must be in a window on the edit cell). The new subcell
828 is selected. The difference between this command and dump is
829 that dump copies the contents of the cell, while getcell simply
830 makes a reference to the original cell. Cellname must not be
831 the edit cell or one of its ancestors.
832 getnode [alias on | alias off]
834 getnode [abort [str]]
836 Getnode prints out the node names (used by the extractor) for
837 all selected paint. If aliasing turned on, getnode prints all
838 the names it finds for a given node. It may not print every
839 name that exists, however. When turned off, it just prints one
840 name. The abort option allows the user to tell getnode that it
841 is not important to completely search nodes that have certain
842 names. For example, getnode abort Vdd will tell getnode not to
843 continue searching the node if it determines that one of its
844 names is Vdd. A getnode abort, without a string argument, will
845 erase the list of names previously created by calling getnode
846 abort with string arguments. Getnode can be safely aborted at
847 any time by typing the interrupt character, usually ^C. See
848 Tutorial #11: Using IRSIM and RSIM with Magic for more informa‐
849 tion on this command.
850 grid [xSpacing [ySpacing [xOrigin yOrigin]]]
852 grid off
854 If no arguments are given, a one-unit grid is toggled on or off
855 in the window underneath the cursor. Grid off always turns the
856 grid off, regardless of whether it was on or off previously. If
857 numerical arguments are given, the arguments determine the grid
858 spacing and origin for the window under the cursor. In its most
859 general form, grid takes four integer arguments. XOrigin and
860 yOrigin specify an origin for the grid: horizontal and vertical
861 grid lines will pass through this point. XSpacing and ySpacing
862 determine the number of units between adjacent grid lines. If
863 xOrigin and yOrigin are omitted, they default to 0. If ySpacing
864 is also omitted, the xSpacing value is used for both spacings.
865 Grid parameters will be retained for a window until explicitly
866 changed by another grid command. When the grid is displayed, a
867 solid box is drawn to show the origin of the edit cell.
868 identify instance_id
870 Set the instance identifier of the selected cell use to
871 instance_id. Instance_id must be unique among all instance
872 identifiers in the parent of the selected cell. Initially,
873 Magic guarantees uniqueness of identifiers by giving each cell
874 an initial identifier consisting of the cell definition name
875 followed by an underscore and a small integer.
876 iroute subcommand [args]
878 This command provides an interactive interface to the Magic
879 maze-router. Routing is done one connection at a time. Three
880 internal hint layers, magnet, fence, and rotate, allow the user
881 to guide routing graphically. Routes are chosen close to mag‐
882 nets (if possible), routing does not cross fence boundaries, and
883 rotate areas reverse the preferred routing directions for each
884 layer. The maze-router seeks to find a lowest-cost path.
885 Parameters specifying costs for horizontal and vertical routing
886 on each layer, cost for jogs and contacts, and cost (per unit
887 area) for distance between a path and magnets, help determine
888 the nature of the routes. Several search parameters permit tun‐
889 ing to achieve acceptable routes in as short a time as possible.
890 Routing can always be interrupted with ^C. The iroute subcom‐
891 mands are as follows:
892 iroute Routes from cursor to inside box.
894 iroute contact [type] [parameter] [value1] ... [valuen]
896 An asterisk, *, can be used for type and parameter. This
897 command is for setting and examining parameters related
898 to contacts.
899 iroute help [subcommand]
901 Summarizes irouter commands. If a subcommand is given,
902 usage information for that subcommand is printed.
903 iroute layers [type] [parameter] [value1] ... [valuen]
905 An asterisk, *, can be used for type and parameter. This
906 command is for setting and examining parameters related
907 to route layers.
908 iroute route [options]
910 Invokes the router. Options are as follows:
911 -sLayers layers = layers route may start on
912 -sCursor = start route at cursor (DEFAULT)
913 -sLabel name = start route at label of given name
914 -sPoint x y = start route at given coordinates
915 -dLayers layers = layers route may end on
916 -dBox = route to box (DEFAULT)
917 -dLabel name = route to label of given name
918 -dRect xbot ybot xtop ytop = route to rectangle of given coordinates
919 -dSelection = route to selection
920 iroute saveParameters <filename>
922 Saves all current irouter parameter settings. The param‐
923 eters can be restored to these values with the command
924 ``source filename''.
925 iroute search [searchParameter] [value]
927 Allows parameters controlling the search to be modified.
928 If routing is too slow try increasing rate. If the
929 router is producing bad results, try reducing rate. Its
930 a good idea to make width at least twice as big as rate.
931 iroute spacings [route-type] [type] [spacing] ... [typen spac‐
933 ingn]
934 Default minimum spacings between a route-type placed by
935 the router and other types are derived from the drc sec‐
936 tion of the technology file. The defaults can be over‐
937 ridden by this command. The special type SUBCELL is used
938 to specify minimum spacing to unexpanded subcells.
939 iroute verbosity [level]
941 Controls the number of messages printed during routing:
942 0 = errors and warnings only,
943 1 = brief,
944 2 = lots of statistics.
945 iroute version
947 Prints irouter version information.
948 iroute wizard [wizardparameter] [value]
950 Used to examine and set miscellaneous parameters. Most
951 of these are best left alone by the unadventurous user.
952 label string [pos [layer]]
954 A label with text string is positioned at the box location.
955 Labels may cover points, lines, or areas, and are associated
956 with specific layers. Normally the box is collapsed to either a
957 point or to a line (when labeling terminals on the edges of
958 cells). Normally also, the area under the box is occupied by a
959 single layer. If no layer argument is specified, then the label
960 is attached to the layer under the box, or space if no layer
961 covers the entire area of the box. If layer is specified but
962 layer doesn't cover the entire area of the box, the label will
963 be moved to another layer or space. Labels attached to space
964 will be considered by CIF processing programs to be attached to
965 all layers overlapping the area of the label. Pos is optional,
966 and specifies where the label text is to be displayed relative
967 to the box (e.g. ``north''). If pos isn't given, Magic will
968 pick a position to ensure that the label text doesn't stick out
969 past the edge of the cell.
970 layers Prints out the names of all the layers defined for the current
972 technology.
973 load [file]
975 Load the cell hierarchy rooted at file.mag into the window
976 underneath the cursor. If no file is supplied, a new unnamed
977 cell is created. The root cell of the hierarchy is made the
978 edit cell unless there is already an edit cell in a different
979 window.
980 move [direction [amount]]
982 move to x y
984 If no arguments are given, the selection is picked up by the
985 point underneath the lower-left corner of the box and moved so
986 that this point lies at the cursor location. If direction is
987 given, it must be a Manhattan direction (e.g. north). The
988 selection is moved in that direction by amount. If the box is
989 in the same window as the selection, it is moved too. Amount
990 defaults to 1. Selected material that is not in the edit cell,
991 is not affected. The second form of the command is as though
992 the cursor were pointing to (x, y) in the edit cell; the selec‐
993 tion is picked up by the point beneath the lower-left corner of
994 the box and moved so that this point lies at (x, y).
995 paint layers
997 The area underneath the box is painted in layers.
998 path [searchpath]
1000 This command tells Magic where to look for cells. Searchpath
1001 contains a list of directories separated by colons or spaces (if
1002 spaces are used, then searchpath must be surrounded by quotes).
1003 When looking for a cell, Magic will check each directory in the
1004 path in order, until the cell is found. If the cell is not
1005 found anywhere in the path, Magic will look in the system
1006 library for it. If the path command is invoked with no argu‐
1007 ments, the current search path is printed.
1008 plot option [args]
1010 Used to generate hardcopy plots direct from Magic. Options and
1011 args are used in the following ways:
1012 plot gremlin file [layers]
1014 Generate a Gremlin-format description of everything under
1015 the box, and write the description in file. If layers
1016 isn't specified, paint, labels, and unexpanded subcells
1017 are all included in the Gremlin file just as they appear
1018 on the screen. If layers is specified, then just the
1019 indicated layers are output in the Gremlin file. Layers
1020 may include the special layers labels and subcell. The
1021 Gremlin file is scaled to have a total size between 256
1022 and 512 units; you should use the width and/or height Grn
1023 commands to ensure that the printed version is the size
1024 you want. Use the mg stipples in Grn. No plot parame‐
1025 ters are used in Gremlin plotting.
1026 plot help
1028 Print a short synopsis of all the plot command options.
1029 plot parameters [name value]
1031 If plot parameters is invoked with no additional argu‐
1032 ments, the values for all of the plot parameters are
1033 printed. If name and value are provided, then name is
1034 the name of a plot parameter and value is a new value for
1035 it. Plot parameters are used to control various aspects
1036 of plotting; all of them have ``reasonable'' initial
1037 values. Most of the parameters available now are used to
1038 control Versatec-style plotting. They are:
1039 cellIdFont
1041 The name of the font to use for cell instance ids
1042 in Versatec plots. This must be a file in Vfont
1043 format.
1044 cellNameFont
1046 The name of the font to use for cell names in Ver‐
1047 satec plots. This must be a file in Vfont format.
1048 color If this is set to true, the :plot versatec command
1050 will generate output suitable for a four-color
1051 Versatec plotter, using the styles defined in the
1052 colorversatec style of the plot section of the
1053 technology file. If color is false (the default),
1054 then :plot versatec generates normal black-and-
1055 white plots.
1056 directory
1058 The name of the directory in which to create
1059 raster files for the Versatec. The raster files
1060 have names of the form magicPlotXXXXXX, where
1061 XXXXXX is a process-specific identifier.
1062 dotsPerInch
1064 Indicates how many dots per inch there are on the
1065 Versatec printer. This parameter is used only for
1066 computing the scale factor for plotting. Must be
1067 an integer greater than zero.
1068 labelFont
1070 The name of the font to use for labels in Versatec
1071 plots. This must be a file in Vfont format.
1072 printer
1074 The name of the printer to which to spool Versatec
1075 raster files.
1076 showcellnames
1078 If ``true'' (the default) then the name and
1079 instance-identifier of each unexpanded subcell is
1080 displayed inside its bounding box. If this param‐
1081 eter is ``false'' then only the bounding box of
1082 the cell is displayed.
1083 spoolCommand
1085 The command used to spool Versatec raster files.
1086 This must be a text string containing two ``%s''
1087 formatting fields. The first ``%s'' will be
1088 replaced with the printer name, and the second one
1089 will be replaced with the name of the raster file.
1090 swathHeight
1092 How many raster lines of Versatec output to gener‐
1093 ate in memory at one time. The raster file is
1094 generated in swaths in order to keep the memory
1095 requirements reasonable. This parameter deter‐
1096 mines the size of the swaths. It must be an inte‐
1097 ger greater than zero, and should be a multiple of
1098 16 in order to avoid misalignment of stipple pat‐
1099 terns.
1100 width The number of pixels across the Versatec printer.
1102 Must be an integer greater than 0, and must be an
1103 even multiple of 32.
1104 plot versatec [size [layers]]
1106 Generate a raster file describing all the the information
1107 underneath the box in a format suitable for printing on
1108 Versatec black-and-white or color printers, and spool the
1109 file for printing. See the plot parameters above for
1110 information about the parameters that are used to control
1111 Versatec plotting. Size is used to scale the plot: a
1112 scalefactor is chosen so that the area of the box is size
1113 inches across on the printed page. Size defaults to the
1114 width of the printer. Layers selects which layers
1115 (including labels and subcells) to plot; it defaults to
1116 everything visible on the screen.
1117 plow direction [layers]
1119 plow option [args]
1121 The first form of this command invokes the plowing operation to
1122 stretch and/or compact a cell. Direction is a Manhattan direc‐
1123 tion. Layers is an optional collection of mask layers, which
1124 defaults to *. One of the edges of the box is treated as a plow
1125 and dragged to the opposite edge of the box (e.g. the left edge
1126 is used as the plow when plow right is invoked). All edges on
1127 layers that lie in the plow's path are pushed ahead of it, and
1128 they push other edges ahead of them to maintain design rules,
1129 connectivity, and transistor and contact sizes. Subcells are
1130 moved in their entirety without being modified internally. Any
1131 mask information overlapping a subcell moved by plowing is also
1132 moved by the same amount. Option and args are used in the fol‐
1133 lowing ways:
1134 plow boundary
1136 The box specifies the area that may be modified by plow‐
1137 ing. This area is highlighted with a pale stipple out‐
1138 line. Subsequent plows are not allowed to modify any
1139 area outside that specified by the box; if they do, the
1140 distance the plow moves is reduced by an amount suffi‐
1141 cient to insure that no geometry outside the boundary
1142 gets affected.
1143 plow help
1145 Prints a short synopsis of all the plow command options.
1146 plow horizon n
1148 plow horizon
1150 The first form sets the plowing jog horizon to n units.
1151 The second form simply prints the value of the jog hori‐
1152 zon. Every time plowing considers introducing a jog in a
1153 piece of material, it looks up and down that piece of
1154 material for a distance equal to the jog horizon. If it
1155 finds an existing jog within this distance, it uses it.
1156 Only if no jog is found within the jog horizon does plow‐
1157 ing introduce one of its own. A jog horizon of zero
1158 means that plowing will always introduce new jogs where
1159 needed. A jog horizon of infinity (plow nojogs) means
1160 that plowing will not introduce any new jogs of its own.
1161 plow jogs
1163 Re-enable jog insertion with a horizon of 0. This com‐
1164 mand is equivalent to plow horizon 0.
1165 plow noboundary
1167 Remove any boundary specified with a previous plow bound‐
1168 ary command.
1169 plow nojogs
1171 Sets the jog horizon to infinity. This means that plow‐
1172 ing will not introduce any jogs of its own; it will only
1173 use existing ones.
1174 plow nostraighten
1176 Don't straighten jogs automatically after each plow oper‐
1177 ation.
1178 plow selection [direction [distance]]
1180 Like the move or stretch commands, this moves all the
1181 material in the selection that belongs to the edit cell.
1182 However, any material not in the selection is pushed out
1183 of its way, just as though each piece of the selection
1184 were plowed individually. If no arguments are given, the
1185 selection is picked up by the point underneath the lower-
1186 left corner of the box and plowed so that this point lies
1187 at the cursor location. The box is moved along with the
1188 selection. If direction is given, it must be a Manhattan
1189 direction (e.g. north). The selection is moved in that
1190 direction by amount. If the box is in the same window as
1191 the selection, it is moved too. Amount defaults to 1.
1192 If there is selected material that isn't in the edit
1193 cell, it is ignored (note that this is different from
1194 select and move). If direction isn't given and the cur‐
1195 sor isn't exactly left, right, up, or down from the box
1196 corner, then Magic first rounds the cursor position off
1197 to a position that is one of those (whichever is clos‐
1198 est).
1199 plow straighten
1201 Straighten jogs automatically after each plow operation.
1202 The effect will be as though the straighten command were
1203 invoked after each plow operation, with the same direc‐
1204 tion, and over the area changed by plowing.
1205 resist cell [tolerance]
1207 This command is similar to extresist above, but used for
1208 extracting resistance networks for individual nodes. Only the
1209 node underneath the box is processed. The network for this node
1210 is output to the file cell.res.ext. See the description for
1211 extresist for an explanation of tolerance.
1212 route option [args]
1214 This command, with no option or arg, is used to generate routing
1215 using the Magic router in the edit cell to make connections
1216 specified in the current netlist. The box is used to indicate
1217 the routing area: no routing will be placed outside the area of
1218 the box. The new wires are placed in the edit cell. Options
1219 and args have the following effects:
1220 route end [real]
1222 Print the value of the channel end constant used by the
1223 channel router. If a value is supplied, the channel end
1224 constant is set to that value. The channel end constant
1225 is a dimensionless multiplier used to compute how far
1226 from the end of a channel to begin preparations to make
1227 end connections.
1228 route help
1230 Print a short synopsis of all the route command options.
1231 route jog [int]
1233 Print the value of the minimum jog length used by the
1234 channel router. If a value is supplied, the minimum jog
1235 length is set to that value. The channel router makes no
1236 vertical jogs shorter than the minimum jog length, mea‐
1237 sured in router grid units. Higher values for this con‐
1238 stant may improve the quality of the routing by removing
1239 unnecessary jogs; however, prohibiting short jogs may
1240 make some channels unroutable.
1241 route metal
1243 Toggle metal maximization on or off. The route command
1244 routes the preferred routing layer (termed ``metal'')
1245 horizontally and the alternate routing layer vertically.
1246 By default wires on the alternate routing layer are then
1247 converted, as much as possible, to the preferred layer
1248 before being painted into the layout. Enabling metal
1249 maximization improves the quality of the resulting rout‐
1250 ing, since the preferred routing layer generally has bet‐
1251 ter electrical characteristics; however, designers wish‐
1252 ing to do hand routing after automatic routing may find
1253 it easier to disable metal maximization and deal with a
1254 layer-per-direction layout.
1255 route netlist [file]
1257 Print the name of the current netlist. If a file name is
1258 specified, it is opened if possible, and the new netlist
1259 is loaded. This option is provided primarily as a conve‐
1260 nience so you need not open the netlist menu before rout‐
1261 ing.
1262 route obstacle [real]
1264 Print the obstacle constant used by the channel router.
1265 If a value is supplied, set the channel router obstacle
1266 constant to that value. The obstacle constant is a
1267 dimensionless multiplier used in deciding how far in
1268 front of an obstacle the channel router should begin jog‐
1269 ging nets out of the way. Larger values mean that nets
1270 will jog out of the way earlier; however, if nets jog out
1271 of the way too early routing area is wasted.
1272 route origin [x y]
1274 Print the x- and y-coordinates of the origin of the rout‐
1275 ing grid. By default, the routing grid starts from
1276 (0,0). However, by supplying an x and y coordinate to
1277 the route origin command, the origin can be set to any
1278 other value. This command is primarily useful when rout‐
1279 ing a chip that has been designed with routing on the
1280 same pitch as the router will use, but where the left and
1281 bottom edges of the pre-existing routing don't line up
1282 with the routing grid lines (for example, the pre-exist‐
1283 ing routing might have been centered on routing grid
1284 lines). The alternative to specifying a different origin
1285 for the routing grid would be to translate all the mate‐
1286 rial in the cell to be routed so that the prewiring lined
1287 up properly with routing grid lines.
1288 route settings
1290 Print the values of all router parameters.
1291 route steady [int]
1293 Print the value of the channel router's steady net con‐
1294 stant. If a value is supplied, set the steady net con‐
1295 stant to the value. The steady net constant, measured in
1296 router grid units, specifies how far beyond the next ter‐
1297 minal the channel router should look for a conflicting
1298 terminal before deciding that a net is rising or falling.
1299 Larger values mean that the net rises and falls less
1300 often.
1301 route tech
1303 Print the router technology information. This includes
1304 information such as the names of the preferred and alter‐
1305 nate routing layers, their wire widths, the router grid
1306 spacing, and the contact size.
1307 route viamin
1309 Minimize vias in (previously) routed netlist. This sub‐
1310 command removes unnecessary layer changes in all nets in
1311 the current netlist to minimize via count. The preferred
1312 routing layer, layer1 in the router section of the tech‐
1313 nology file, is favored by the algorithm. Note that
1314 ``route viamin'' is an independent routing postpass that
1315 can be applied even if the routing was not generated by
1316 the route command, provided the layers and widths agree
1317 with the router section of the technology file.
1318 route vias [int]
1320 Print the value of the metal maximization via constant.
1321 If a value is supplied, set the via constant to the
1322 value. The via constant, measured in router grid units,
1323 represents the tradeoff between metal maximization and
1324 the via count. In many cases it is possible to convert
1325 wiring on the alternate routing layer into routing on the
1326 preferred routing layer (``metal'') at the expense of
1327 introducing one or two vias. The via constant specifies
1328 the amount of converted wiring that makes it worthwhile
1329 to add vias to the routing.
1330 rsim [options] [filename]
1332 Runs rsim under Magic. See Tutorial #11: Using IRSIM and RSIM
1333 with Magic for more information on what options and files are
1334 required by rsim. Normally, IRSIM requires a parameter file for
1335 the technology and a .sim file describing the circuit.
1336 The rsim command without any options can be used to interact
1338 with a previously-started rsim. Type rsim and you will see the
1339 rsim prompt. To get back to magic, type q.
1340 save [name]
1342 Save the edit cell on disk. If the edit cell is currently the
1343 ``(UNNAMED)'' cell, name must be specified; in this case the
1344 edit cell is renamed to name as well as being saved in the file
1345 name.mag. Otherwise, name is optional. If specified, the edit
1346 cell is saved in the file name.mag; otherwise, it is saved in
1347 the file from which it was originally read.
1348 see option
1350 This command is used to control which layers are to be displayed
1351 in the window under the cursor. It has several forms:
1352 see no layers
1354 Do not display the given layers in the window under the
1355 cursor. If labels is given as a layer name, don't dis‐
1356 play labels in that window either. If errors is given as
1357 a layer, no design-rule violations will be displayed (the
1358 checker will continue to run, though). If layers is
1359 given as "*", all mask layers will be disabled, but
1360 errors and labels will still be shown. See the "LAYERS"
1361 section at the end of this manual page for an explanation
1362 of layer naming in Magic.
1363 see layers
1365 Reenable display of the given layers. Note that "*"
1366 expands to all mask layers, but does not include the
1367 label or error layers. See the "LAYERS" section at the
1368 end of this manual page for details.
1369 see no Don't display any mask layers or labels. Only subcell
1371 bounding boxes will be displayed.
1372 see Reenable display of all mask layers, labels, and errors.
1374 see allSame
1376 Display all cells the same way. This disables the facil‐
1377 ity where the edit cell is displayed in bright colors and
1378 non-edit cells are in paler colors. After see allSame,
1379 all mask information will be displayed in bright colors.
1380 see no allSame
1382 Reenable the facility where non-edit cells are drawn in
1383 paler colors.
1384 select option
1386 This command is used to select paint, labels, and subcells
1387 before operating on them with commands like move and copy and
1388 delete. It has several forms:
1389 select If the cursor is over empty space, then this command is
1391 identical to select cell. Otherwise, paint is selected.
1392 The first time the command is invoked, a chunk of paint
1393 is selected: the largest rectangular area of material of
1394 the same type visible underneath the cursor. If the com‐
1395 mand is invoked again without moving the cursor, the
1396 selection is extended to include all material of the same
1397 type, regardless of shape. If the command is invoked a
1398 third time, the selection is extended again to include
1399 all material that is visible and electrically connected
1400 to the point underneath the cursor.
1401 select more
1403 This command is identical to select except that the
1404 selection is not first cleared. The result is to add the
1405 newly-selected material to what is already in the selec‐
1406 tion.
1407 select less
1409 This chooses material just as select does, but the mate‐
1410 rial is removed from the selection, rather than added to
1411 it. The result is to deselect the chosen material.
1412 select [more | less] area layers
1414 Select material by area. If layers are not specified,
1415 then all paint, labels, and unexpanded subcells visible
1416 underneath the box are selected. If layers is specified,
1417 then only those layers are selected. If more is speci‐
1418 fied, the new material is added to the current selection
1419 rather than replacing it. If less is specified, the new
1420 material is removed from the selection (deselected).
1421 select [more | less] cell name
1423 Select a subcell. If name isn't given, this command
1424 finds a subcell that is visible underneath the cursor and
1425 selects it. If the command is repeated without moving
1426 the cursor then it will step through all the subcells
1427 under the cursor. If name is given, it is treated as a
1428 hierarchical instance identifier starting from the root
1429 of the window underneath the cursor. The named cell is
1430 selected. If more is specified, the new subcell is added
1431 to the current selection instead of replacing it. If
1432 less is specified, the new subcell is removed from the
1433 selection (deselected).
1434 select clear
1436 Clear out the selection. This does not affect the lay‐
1437 out; it merely deselects everything.
1438 select help
1440 Print a short synopsis of the selection commands.
1441 select save cell
1443 Save all the information in the selection as a Magic cell
1444 on disk. The selection will be saved in file cell.mag.
1445 select and the see command
1447 Select interacts with the see command. When selecting
1448 individual pieces of material, only visible layers are
1449 candidates for selection. When selecting an entire area,
1450 however, both visible and non-visible material is
1451 selected. This behavior allows entire regions of mate‐
1452 rial to be moved, even if see has been used to turn off
1453 the display of some of the layers.
1454 sideways
1456 Flip the selection left-to-right about a vertical axis running
1457 through the center of the selection's area. If the box is in
1458 the same window as the selection, it is flipped too. Selected
1459 material not in the edit cell is not affected.
1460 simcmd cmd
1462 Sends the command cmd to rsim for execution. See Tutorial #11:
1463 Using IRSIM and RSIM with Magic for more information.
1464 snap [on]
1466 snap [off]
1468 Control whether the box and point are snapped to the grid
1469 selected for the windows in which they appear (the grid was set
1470 by the grid command), or to the standard 1x1 grid. The default
1471 is for snapping to be off, i.e., snapping to a 1x1 grid. With
1472 no arguments, snap prints whether snapping is enabled or not.
1473 startrsim [options] [filename]
1475 Similar to the rsim command, except it returns to Magic as soon
1476 as rsim is started. See Tutorial #11: Using IRSIM and RSIM
1477 with Magic for more information.
1478 straighten direction
1480 Straighten jogs in wires underneath the box by pulling them in
1481 direction. Jogs are only straightened if doing so will cause no
1482 additional geometry to move.
1483 stretch [direction [amount]]
1485 This command is identical to move except that simple stretching
1486 occurs as the selection is moved. Each piece of paint in the
1487 selection causes the area through which it's moved to be erased
1488 in that layer. Also, each piece of paint in the selection that
1489 touches unselected material along its back side causes extra
1490 material to be painted to fill in the gap left by the move. If
1491 direction isn't given and the cursor isn't exactly left, right,
1492 up, or down from the box corner, then Magic first rounds the
1493 cursor position off to a position that is one of those (which‐
1494 ever is closest).
1495 tool [name | info]
1497 Change the current tool. The result is that the cursor shape is
1498 different and the mouse buttons mean different things. The com‐
1499 mand tool info prints out the meanings of the buttons for the
1500 current tool. Tool name changes the current tool to name, where
1501 name is one of box, wiring, or netlist. If tool is invoked with
1502 no arguments, it picks a new tool in circular sequence: multi‐
1503 ple invocations will cycle through all of the available tools.
1504 unexpand
1506 Unexpand all cells that touch the box but don't completely con‐
1507 tain it.
1508 upsidedown
1510 Flip the selection upside down about a horizontal axis running
1511 through the center of the selection's area. If the box is in
1512 the same window as the selection then it is flipped too.
1513 Selected material that is not in the edit cell is not changed.
1514 what Print out information about all the things that are selected.
1516 wire option [args]
1518 This command provides a centerline-wiring style user interface.
1519 Option and args specify a particular wiring option, as described
1520 below. Some of the options can be invoked via mouse buttons
1521 when the wiring tool is active.
1522 wire help
1524 Print out a synopsis of the various wiring commands.
1525 wire horizontal
1527 Just like wire leg except that the new segment is forced
1528 to be horizontal.
1529 wire leg
1531 Paint a horizontal or vertical segment of wire from one
1532 side of the box over to the cursor's x- or y-location
1533 (respectively). The direction (horizontal or vertical)
1534 is chosen so as to produce the longest possible segment.
1535 The segment is painted in the current wiring material and
1536 thickness. The new segment is selected, and the box is
1537 placed at its tip.
1538 wire switch [layer width]
1540 Switch routing layers and place a contact at the box
1541 location. The contact type is chosen to connect the old
1542 and new routing materials. The box is placed at the
1543 position of the contact, and the contact is selected. If
1544 layer and width are specified, they are used as the new
1545 routing material and width, respectively. If they are
1546 not specified, the new material and width are chosen to
1547 correspond to the material underneath the cursor.
1548 wire type [layer width]
1550 Pick a material and width for wiring. If layer and width
1551 are not given, then they are chosen from the material
1552 underneath the cursor, a square chunk of material is
1553 selected to indicate the layer and width that were cho‐
1554 sen, and the box is placed over this chunk. If layer and
1555 width are given, then this command does not modify the
1556 box position.
1557 wire vertical
1559 Just like wire leg except that the new segment is forced
1560 to be vertical.
1561 writeall [force]
1563 This command steps through all the cells that have been modified
1564 in this edit session and gives you a chance to write them out.
1565 If the force option is specified, then ``autowrite'' mode is
1566 used: all modified cells are automatically written without ask‐
1567 ing for permission.
1568
1571 These commands are not used for layout, but are instead used for over‐
1572 all, housekeeping functions. They are valid in all windows.
1573 closewindow
1575 The window under the cursor is closed. That area of the screen
1576 will now show other windows or the background.
1577 echo [-n] str1 str2 ... strN
1579 Prints str1 str2 ... strN in the text window, separated by spa‐
1580 ces and followed by a newline. If the -n switch is given, no
1581 newline is output after the command.
1582 help [pattern]
1584 Displays a synopsis of commands that apply to the window you are
1585 pointing to. If pattern is given then only command descriptions
1586 containing the pattern are printed. Pattern may contain '*' and
1587 '?' characters, which match a string of non-blank characters or
1588 a single non-blank character (respectively).
1589 logcommands [file [update]]]
1591 If file is given, all further commands are logged to that file.
1592 If no arguments are given, command logging is terminated. If
1593 the keyword update is present, commands are output to the file
1594 to cause the screen to be updated after each command when the
1595 command file is read back in.
1596 macro [char [command]]
1598 Command is associated with char such that typing char on the
1599 keyboard is equivalent to typing ``:'' followed by command. If
1600 command is omitted, the current macro for char is printed. If
1601 char is also omitted, then all current macros are printed. If
1602 command contains spaces, tabs, or semicolons then it must be
1603 placed in quotes. The semicolon acts as a command separator
1604 allowing multiple commands to be combined in a single macro.
1605 openwindow [cell]
1607 Open a new, empty window at the cursor position. Placement,
1608 sizing, and methods of manipulation are determined by the con‐
1609 ventions of the window system in use. If cell is specified,
1610 then that cell is displayed in the new window. Otherwise the
1611 area of the box will be displayed in the new window.
1612 pushbutton button action
1614 Simulates a button push. Button should be left, middle, or
1615 right. Action is one of up, or down. This command is normally
1616 invoked only from command scripts produced by the logcommands
1617 command.
1618 quit Exit Magic and return to the shell. If any cells, colormaps, or
1620 netlists have changed since they were last saved on disk, you
1621 are given a chance to abort the command and continue in Magic.
1622 redo [n]
1624 Redo the last n commands that were undone using undo (see
1625 below). The number of commands to redo defaults to 1 if n is
1626 not specified.
1627 redraw Redraw the graphics screen.
1629 scroll direction [amount]
1631 The window under the cursor is moved by amount screenfulls in
1632 direction relative to the circuit. If amount is omitted, it
1633 defaults to 0.5.
1634 send type command
1636 Send a command to the window client named by type. The result
1637 is just as if command had been typed in a window of type type.
1638 See specialopen, below, for the allowable types of windows.
1639 setpoint [x y [windowID]]
1641 Fakes the location of the cursor up until after the next inter‐
1642 active command. Without arguments, just prints out the current
1643 point location. This command is normally invoked only from com‐
1644 mand scripts.
1645 If windowID is given, then the point is assumed to be in that
1647 window's screen coordinate system rather than absolute screen
1648 coordinates.
1649 sleep n
1651 Causes Magic to go to sleep for n seconds.
1652 source filename
1654 Each line of filename is read and processed as one command. Any
1655 line whose last character is backslash is joined to the follow‐
1656 ing line. The commands setpoint, pushbutton, echo, sleep, and
1657 updatedisplay are useful in command files, and seldom used else‐
1658 where.
1659 specialopen [x1 y1 x2 y2] type [args]
1661 Open a window of type type. If the optional x1 y1 x2 y2 coordi‐
1662 nates are given, then the new window will have its lower left
1663 corner at screen coordinates (x1, y1) and its upper right corner
1664 at screen coordinates (x2, y2). The args arguments are inter‐
1665 preted differently depending upon the type of the window. These
1666 types are known:
1667 layout This type of window is used to edit a VLSI cell. The
1669 command takes a single argument which is used as the name
1670 of a cell to be loaded. The command
1671 open filename
1672 is a shorthand for the command
1673 specialopen layout filename.
1674 color This type of window allows the color map to be edited.
1676 See the section COMMANDS FOR COLORMAP EDITING below.
1677 netlist
1679 This type of window presents a menu that can be used to
1680 place labels, and to generate and edit net-lists. See
1681 the section COMMANDS FOR NETLIST EDITING below.
1682 underneath
1684 Move the window pointed at so that it lies underneath the rest
1685 of the windows.
1686 undo [count]
1688 Undoes the last count commands. Almost all commands in Magic
1689 are now undo-able. The only holdouts left are cell expan‐
1690 sion/unexpansion, and window modifications (change of size,
1691 zooming, etc.). If count is unspecified, it defaults to 1.
1692 updatedisplay
1694 Update the display. This command is normally invoked only from
1695 command scripts. Scripts that do not contain this command
1696 update the screen only at the end of the script.
1697 view Choose a view for the window underneath the cursor so that
1699 everything in the window is visible.
1700 windscrollbars [on|off]
1702 Set the flag that determines if new windows will have scroll
1703 bars.
1704 windowpositions [file]
1706 Write out the positions of the windows in a format suitable for
1707 the source command. If file is specified, then write it out to
1708 that file instead of to the terminal.
1709 zoom [factor]
1711 Zoom the view in the window underneath the cursor by factor. If
1712 factor is less than 1, we zoom in; if it is greater than one, we
1713 zoom out.
1714
1717 When the netlist menu is opened using the command special netlist, a
1718 menu appears on the screen. The colored areas on the menu can be
1719 clicked with various mouse buttons to perform various actions, such as
1720 placing labels and editing netlists. For details on how to use the
1721 menu, see ``Magic Tutorial #7: Netlists and Routing''. The menu but‐
1722 tons all correspond to commands that could be typed in netlist or lay‐
1723 out windows.
1724
1727 The commands described below work if you are pointing to the interior
1728 of the netlist menu. They may also be invoked when you are pointing at
1729 another window by using the send netlist command. Terminal names in
1730 all of the commands below are hierarchical names consisting of zero or
1731 more cell use ids separated by slashes, followed by the label name,
1732 e.g. toplatch/shiftcell_1/in. When processing the terminal paths, the
1733 search always starts in the edit cell.
1734 add term1 term2
1736 Add the terminal named term1 to the net containing terminal
1737 term2. If term2 isn't in a net yet, make a new net containing
1738 just term1 and term2.
1739 cleanup
1741 Check the netlist to make sure that for every terminal named in
1742 the list there is at least one label in the design. Also check
1743 to make sure that every net contains at least two distinct ter‐
1744 minals, or one terminal with several labels by the same name.
1745 When errors are found, give the user an opportunity to delete
1746 offending terminals and nets. This command can also be invoked
1747 by clicking the ``Cleanup'' menu button.
1748 cull Examine the current netlist and the routing in the edit cell,
1750 and remove those nets from the netlist that are already routed.
1751 This command is often used after pre-routing nets by hand, so
1752 the router won't try to implement them again.
1753 dnet name name ...
1755 For each name given, delete the net containing that terminal.
1756 If no name is given, delete the currently-selected net, just as
1757 happens when the ``No Net'' menu button is clicked.
1758 dterm name name ...
1760 For each name given, delete that terminal from its net.
1761 extract
1763 Pick a piece of paint in the edit cell that lies under the box.
1764 Starting from this, trace out all the electrically-connected
1765 material in the edit cell. Where this material touches sub‐
1766 cells, find any terminals in the subcells and make a new net
1767 containing those terminals. Note: this is a different command
1768 from the extract command in layout windows.
1769 find pattern [layers]
1771 Search the area beneath the box for labels matching pattern,
1772 which may contain the regular-expression characters ``*'' ``?'',
1773 ``['', ``]'', and ``\'' (as matched by csh(1); see the descrip‐
1774 tion of the find button in ``Magic Tutorial #7: Netlists and
1775 Routing''). For each label found, leave feedback whose text is
1776 the layer on which the label appears, followed by a semicolon,
1777 followed by the full hierarchical pathname of the label. The
1778 feedback surrounds the area of the label by one unit on all
1779 sides. (The reason for the one-unit extension is that feedback
1780 rectangles must have positive area, while labels may have zero
1781 width or height). If layers are given, only labels attached to
1782 those layers are considered.
1783 flush [netlist]
1785 The netlist named netlist is reloaded from the disk file
1786 netlist.net. Any changes made to the netlist since the last
1787 time it was written are discarded. If netlist isn't given, the
1788 current netlist is flushed.
1789 join term1 term2
1791 Join together the nets containing terminals term1 and term2.
1792 The result is a single net containing all the terminals from
1793 both the old nets.
1794 netlist [name]
1796 Select a netlist to work on. If name is provided, read name.net
1797 (if it hasn't already been read before) and make it the current
1798 netlist. If name isn't provided, use the name of the edit cell
1799 instead.
1800 print [name]
1802 Print the names of all the terminals in the net containing name.
1803 If name isn't provided, print the terminals in the current net.
1804 This command has the same effect as clicking on the ``Print''
1805 menu button.
1806 ripup [netlist]
1808 This command has two forms. If netlist isn't typed as an argu‐
1809 ment, then find a piece of paint in the edit cell under the box.
1810 Trace out all paint in the edit cell that is electrically con‐
1811 nected to the starting piece, and delete all of this paint. If
1812 netlist is typed, find all paint in the edit cell that is elec‐
1813 trically connected to any of the terminals in the current
1814 netlist, and delete all of this paint.
1815 savenetlist [file]
1817 Save the current netlist on disk. If file is given, write the
1818 netlist in file.net. Otherwise, write the netlist back to the
1819 place from which it was read.
1820 shownet
1822 Find a piece of paint in any cell underneath the box. Starting
1823 from this paint, trace out all paint in all cells that is elec‐
1824 trically connected to the starting piece and highlight this
1825 paint on the screen. To make the highlights go away, invoke the
1826 command with the box over empty space. This command has the
1827 same effect as clicking on the ``Show'' menu button.
1828 showterms
1830 Find the labels corresponding to each of the terminals in the
1831 current netlist, and generate a feedback area over each. This
1832 command has the same effect as clicking on the ``Terms'' menu
1833 button.
1834 trace [name]
1836 This command is similar to shownet except that instead of start‐
1837 ing from a piece of paint under the box, it starts from each of
1838 the terminals in the net containing name (or the current net if
1839 no name is given). All connected paint in all cells is high‐
1840 lighted.
1841 verify Compare the current netlist against the wiring in the edit cell
1843 to make sure that the nets are implemented exactly as specified
1844 in the netlist. If there are discrepancies, feedback areas are
1845 created to describe them. This command can also be invoked by
1846 clicking the ``Verify'' menu button.
1847 writeall
1849 Scan through all the netlists that have been read during this
1850 editing session. If any have been modified, ask the user
1851 whether or not to write them out.
1852
1855 Color windows display two sets of colored bars and a swatch of the
1856 color being edited. The left set of color bars is labeled Red, Green,
1857 and Blue; these correspond to the proportion of red, green, and blue
1858 in the color being edited. The right set of bars is labeled Hue, Satu‐
1859 ration, and Value; these correspond to the same color but in a space
1860 whose axes are hue (spectral color), saturation (spectral purity vs.
1861 dilution with white), and value (light vs. dark).
1862 The value of a color is changed by pointing inside the region spanned
1864 by one of the color bars and clicking any mouse button. The color bar
1865 will change so that it extends to the point selected by the crosshair
1866 when the button was pressed. The color can also be changed by clicking
1867 a button over one of the ``pumps'' next to a color bar. A left-button
1868 click makes a 1% increment or decrement, and a right-button click makes
1869 a 5% change.
1870 The color being edited can be changed by pressing the left button over
1872 the current color box in the editing window, then moving the mouse and
1873 releasing the button over a point on the screen that contains the color
1874 to be edited. A color value can be copied from an existing color to
1875 the current color by pressing the right mouse button over the current
1876 color box, then releasing the button when the cursor is over the color
1877 whose value is to be copied into the current color.
1878
1881 These commands work if you are pointing to the interior of a colormap
1882 window. The commands are:
1883 color [number]
1885 Load number as the color being edited in the window. Number
1886 must be an octal number between 0 and 377; it corresponds to the
1887 entry in the color map that is to be edited. If no number is
1888 given, this command prints out the value of the color currently
1889 being edited.
1890 load [techStyle displayStyle monitorType]
1892 Load a new color map. If no arguments are specified, the color
1893 map for the current technology style (e.g, mos), display style
1894 (e.g, 7bit), and monitor type (e.g, std) is re-loaded. Other‐
1895 wise, the color map is read from the file techStyle.dis‐
1896 playStyle.monitorType.cmap in the current directory or in the
1897 system library directory.
1898 save [techStyle displayStyle monitorType]
1900 Save the current color map. If no arguments are specified, save
1901 the color map in a file determined by the current technology
1902 style, display style, and monitor type as above. Otherwise,
1903 save it in the file techStyle.displayStyle.monitorType.cmap in
1904 the current directory or in the system library directory.
1905
1908 Many of the commands take a direction as an argument. The valid direc‐
1909 tion names are north, south, east, west, top, bottom, up, down, left,
1910 right, northeast, ne, southeast, se, northwest, nw, southwest, sw, and
1911 center. In some cases, only Manhattan directions are permitted, which
1912 means only north, south, east, west, and their synonyms, are allowed.
1913
1916 The mask layers are different for each technology, and are described in
1917 the technology manuals. The layers below are defined in all technolo‐
1918 gies:
1919 * All mask layers. Does not include special layers like the label
1921 layer and the error layer (see below).
1922 $ All layers underneath the cursor.
1924 errors Design-rule violations (useful primarily in the see command).
1926 labels Label layer.
1928 subcell
1930 Subcell layer.
1931 Layer masks may be formed by constructing comma-separated lists of
1933 individual layer names. The individual layer names may be abbreviated,
1934 as long as the abbreviations are unique. For example, to indicate
1935 polysilicon and n-diffusion, use poly,ndiff or ndiff,poly. The special
1936 character - causes all subsequent layers to be subtracted from the
1937 layer mask. For example, *-p means ``all layers but polysilicon''.
1938 The special character + reverses the effect of a previous -; all subse‐
1939 quent layers are once again added to the layer mask.
1940
1943 ext2sim(1), ext2spice(1), cmap(5), dstyle(5), ext(5), sim(5),
1944 glyphs(5), magic(5), displays(5), net(5)
1945 Online documentation can be found at the following URLs:
1947 http://opencircuitdesign.com/magic/
1948 http://vlsi.cornell.edu/magic/
1949 The OpenCircuitDesign website contains HTML versions of all the docu‐
1950 mentation found in the Magic "doc" subdirectory, including tutorials,
1951 technology file manual; download, compile and install instructions, and
1952 command reference.
1953
1956 ${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys/.magicstartup file to create default macros
1957 ~/.magic user-specific startup command file
1958 ${CAD_ROOT}/magic/nmos/*some standard nmos cells
1959 ${CAD_ROOT}/magic/scmos/*some standard scmos cells
1960 ${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys/*.cmapcolormap files, see CMAP(5) man page
1961 ${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys/*.dstyledisplay style files, see DSTYLE(5) man page
1962 ${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys/*.glyphscursor and window bitmap files, see GLYPH(5) man page
1963 ${CAD_ROOT}/magic/sys/*.techtechnology files, see ``Maintainer's Manual
1964 #2: The Technology File''
1965 ${CAD_ROOT}/displaysconfiguration file for Magic serial-line displays
1966 CAD_ROOT variable. If the shell environment variable CAD_ROOT is set,
1968 Magic uses that location instead of the installed location
1969 (/usr/local/lib, by default). Normally one would change the search
1970 path (see below) rather than redirect the entire CAD_ROOT location.
1971 Search path. Magic's system and library files, such as technology
1973 files and display-style files, normally are placed in the
1974 ${CAD_ROOT}/magic area. However, Magic first tries to find them in the
1975 user's current directory. This makes it easier for an individual user
1976 to override installed system files. The search path is defined by the
1977 Magic command path,
1978
1981 Original: Gordon Hamachi, Robert Mayo, John Ousterhout, Walter Scott,
1982 George Taylor
1983 Contributors: Michael Arnold (Magic maze-router and Irouter command),
1985 Don Stark (new contact scheme, X11 interface, various other things),
1986 Mike Chow (Rsim interface). The X11 driver is the work of several peo‐
1987 ple, including Don Stark, Walter Scott, and Doug Pan.
1988 Developers: Ongoing development (magic version 6.5 and higher) made
1990 possible by Stefanos Sidiropolous, Tim Edwards, Rajit Manohar, Philippe
1991 Pouliquen, Michael Godfrey, and others.
1992 Many other people have contributed to Magic, but it is impossible to
1994 list them all here. We appreciate their help!
1995
1997 If Magic gets stuck for some reason, first try typing Control-C into
1998 the terminal window (in the Tcl/Tk version, this is the original termi‐
1999 nal, not the Tk console window). Most of Magic's lengthy database
2000 searches are interruptible. If this doesn't work, kill the process.
2001 The Tcl/Tk version automatically creates periodic backups that may be
2002 recovered with "magic -r".
2003 Report bugs to magic-dev@csl.cornell.edu. Please be specific: tell us
2005 exactly what you did to cause the problem, what you expected to happen,
2006 and what happened instead. If possible send along small files that we
2007 can use to reproduce the bug. A list of known bugs and fixes is also
2008 available from the above address. Tell us which version of magic you
2009 are running.
20104th Berkeley Distribution MAGIC(1)