1BUSYBOX(1) BusyBox BUSYBOX(1)
2
6 BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
7
9 busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or
10 <applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked
12
14 BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a
15 single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most
16 of the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc.
17 The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-
18 featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide
19 the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU
20 counterparts.
21 BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources
23 in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or
24 exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to
25 customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add
26 /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete
27 POSIX environment for any small or embedded system.
28 BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the
30 components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or
31 'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable.
32 Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.
33 After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to
35 install BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the
36 target directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set
37 when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at
38 install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make
39 CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet
40 installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also
41 be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.
42
44 BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable
45 program that performs the same job as more than one utility program.
46 That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single
47 binary acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to
48 be smaller since all the built-in utility programs (we call them
49 applets) can share code for many common operations.
50 You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the
52 command line. For example, entering
53 /bin/busybox ls
55 will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.
57 Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful.
59 So most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.
60 For example, entering
62 ln -s /bin/busybox ls
64 ./ls
65 will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been
67 compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to
68 make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this
69 for you when you run the 'make install' command.
70 If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a
72 list of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.
73
75 Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse
76 runtime description of their behavior. If the
77 CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed
78 usage information will also be available.
79
81 Currently available applets include:
82 [, [[, acpid, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arp, arping, ash,
84 awk, basename, beep, blkid, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat,
85 catv, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot,
86 chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, cp, cpio, crond, crontab,
87 cryptpw, cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser,
88 depmod, devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd,
89 dnsdomainname, dos2unix, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep,
90 eject, env, envdir, envuidgid, ether-wake, expand, expr, fakeidentd,
91 false, fbset, fbsplash, fdflush, fdformat, fdisk, fgrep, find,
92 findfs, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, fsync, ftpd,
93 ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getopt, getty, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, hd,
94 hdparm, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, id,
95 ifconfig, ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, insmod,
96 install, ionice, ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, iproute,
97 iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd, last,
98 length, less, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap,
99 logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr, ls, lsattr,
100 lsmod, lzmacat, makedevs, makemime, man, md5sum, mdev, mesg,
101 microcom, mkdir, mkdosfs, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat, mknod,
102 mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, msh,
103 mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nice, nmeter, nohup, nslookup, od,
104 openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress,
105 pivot_root, pkill, popmaildir, poweroff, printenv, printf, ps,
106 pscan, pwd, raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readahead, readlink,
107 readprofile, realpath, reboot, reformime, renice, reset, resize, rm,
108 rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, rtcwake, run-parts, runlevel,
109 runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, scriptreplay, sed, sendmail, seq,
110 setarch, setconsole, setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setsid,
111 setuidgid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, showkey, slattach,
112 sleep, softlimit, sort, split, start-stop-daemon, stat, strings,
113 stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv, svlogd, swapoff, swapon, switch_root,
114 sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, telnetd,
115 test, tftp, tftpd, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true,
116 tty, ttysize, tunctl, udhcpc, udhcpd, udpsvd, umount, uname,
117 uncompress, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlzma, unxz, unzip, uptime,
118 usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, volname, watch,
119 watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, whoami, xargs, xzcat, yes, zcat,
120 zcip
121
123 acpid
124 acpid [-d] [-c CONFDIR] [-l LOGFILE] [-e PROC_EVENT_FILE]
125 [EVDEV_EVENT_FILE...]
126 Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival
128 Options:
130 -d Do not daemonize and log to stderr
132 -c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi]
133 -e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event]
134 -l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid]
135 Accept and ignore compatibility options -g -m -s -S -v
137 addgroup
139 addgroup [-g GID] [user_name] group_name
140 Add a group or add a user to a group
142 Options:
144 -g GID Group id
146 -S Create a system group
147 adduser
149 adduser [OPTIONS] user_name
150 Add a user
152 Options:
154 -h DIR Home directory
156 -g GECOS GECOS field
157 -s SHELL Login shell
158 -G GRP Add user to existing group
159 -S Create a system user
160 -D Do not assign a password
161 -H Do not create home directory
162 -u UID User id
163 adjtimex
165 adjtimex [-q] [-o offset] [-f frequency] [-p timeconstant] [-t
166 tick]
167 Read and optionally set system timebase parameters. See
169 adjtimex(2).
170 Options:
172 -q Quiet
174 -o offset Time offset, microseconds
175 -f frequency Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm)
176 (positive values make clock run faster)
177 -t tick Microseconds per tick, usually 10000
178 -p timeconstant
179 ar ar [-o] [-v] [-p] [-t] [-x] ARCHIVE FILES
181 Extract or list FILES from an ar archive
183 Options:
185 -o Preserve original dates
187 -p Extract to stdout
188 -t List
189 -x Extract
190 -v Verbose
191 arp arp [-vn] [-H type] [-i if] -a [hostname] [-v] [-i if]
193 -d hostname [pub] [-v] [-H type] [-i if] -s hostname hw_addr [temp]
194 [-v] [-H type] [-i if] -s hostname hw_addr [netmask nm] pub
195 [-v] [-H type] [-i if] -Ds hostname ifa [netmask nm] pub
196 Manipulate ARP cache
198 Options:
200 -a Display (all) hosts
202 -s Set new ARP entry
203 -d Delete a specified entry
204 -v Verbose
205 -n Don't resolve names
206 -i IF Network interface
207 -D Read <hwaddr> from given device
208 -A, -p AF Protocol family
209 -H HWTYPE Hardware address type
210 arping
212 arping [-fqbDUA] [-c count] [-w timeout] [-I dev] [-s sender]
213 target
214 Send ARP requests/replies
216 Options:
218 -f Quit on first ARP reply
220 -q Quiet
221 -b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast
222 -D Duplicated address detection mode
223 -U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors
224 -A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors
225 -c N Stop after sending N ARP requests
226 -w timeout Time to wait for ARP reply, in seconds
227 -I dev Interface to use (default eth0)
228 -s sender Sender IP address
229 target Target IP address
230 awk awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]...
232 Options:
234 -v VAR=VAL Set variable
236 -F SEP Use SEP as field separator
237 -f FILE Read program from file
238 basename
240 basename FILE [SUFFIX]
241 Strip directory path and suffixes from FILE. If specified, also
243 remove any trailing SUFFIX.
244 beep
246 beep -f freq -l length -d delay -r repetitions -n
247 Options:
249 -f Frequency in Hz
251 -l Length in ms
252 -d Delay in ms
253 -r Repetitions
254 -n Start new tone
255 blkid
257 blkid
258 Print UUIDs of all filesystems
260 brctl
262 brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [INTERFACE]]
263 Manage ethernet bridges.
265 Commands:
267 show Show a list of bridges
269 addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE
270 delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE
271 addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE
272 delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE
273 setageing BRIDGE TIME Set ageing time
274 setfd BRIDGE TIME Set bridge forward delay
275 sethello BRIDGE TIME Set hello time
276 setmaxage BRIDGE TIME Set max message age
277 setpathcost BRIDGE COST Set path cost
278 setportprio BRIDGE PRIO Set port priority
279 setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority
280 stp BRIDGE [1|0] STP on/off
281 bunzip2
283 bunzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]
284 Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-' or omitted)
286 Options:
288 -c Write to standard output
290 -f Force
291 bzcat
293 bzcat FILE
294 Uncompress to stdout
296 bzip2
298 bzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
299 Compress FILE(s) with bzip2 algorithm. When FILE is '-' or
301 unspecified, reads standard input. Implies -c.
302 Options:
304 -c Write to standard output
306 -d Decompress
307 -f Force
308 -1..-9 Compression level
309 cal cal [-jy] [[month] year]
311 Display a calendar
313 Options:
315 -j Use julian dates
317 -y Display the entire year
318 cat cat [-u] [FILE]...
320 Concatenate FILE(s) and print them to stdout
322 Options:
324 -u Use unbuffered i/o (ignored)
326 catv
328 catv [-etv] [FILE]...
329 Display nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x
331 Options:
333 -e End each line with $
335 -t Show tabs as ^I
336 -v Don't use ^x or M-x escapes
337 chat
339 chat EXPECT [SEND [EXPECT [SEND...]]]
340 Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. A
342 script consists of one or more "expect-send" pairs of strings, each
343 pair is a pair of arguments. Example: chat '' ATZ OK ATD123456
344 CONNECT '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~'
345 chattr
347 chattr [-R] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] [-v version] files...
348 Change file attributes on an ext2 fs
350 Modifiers:
352 - Remove attributes
354 + Add attributes
355 = Set attributes
356 Attributes:
357 A Don't track atime
359 a Append mode only
360 c Enable compress
361 D Write dir contents synchronously
362 d Do not backup with dump
363 i Cannot be modified (immutable)
364 j Write all data to journal first
365 s Zero disk storage when deleted
366 S Write file contents synchronously
367 t Disable tail-merging of partial blocks with other files
368 u Allow file to be undeleted
369 Options:
370 -R Recursively list subdirectories
372 -v Set the file's version/generation number
373 chgrp
375 chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE...
376 Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP
378 Options:
380 -R Recurse directories
382 -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
383 -L Traverse all symlinks to directories
384 -H Traverse symlinks on command line only
385 -P Do not traverse symlinks (default)
386 -c List changed files
387 -v Verbose
388 -f Hide errors
389 chmod
391 chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
392 Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols
394 +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst
395 Options:
397 -R Recurse directories
399 -c List changed files
400 -v List all files
401 -f Hide errors
402 chown
404 chown [-RhLHPcvf]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE...
405 Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP
407 Options:
409 -R Recurse directories
411 -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
412 -L Traverse all symlinks to directories
413 -H Traverse symlinks on command line only
414 -P Do not traverse symlinks (default)
415 -c List changed files
416 -v List all files
417 -f Hide errors
418 chpasswd
420 chpasswd [--md5|--encrypted]
421 Read user:password information from stdin and update /etc/passwd
423 accordingly.
424 Options:
426 -e,--encrypted Supplied passwords are in encrypted form
428 -m,--md5 Use MD5 encryption instead of DES
429 chpst
431 chpst [-vP012] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-U USER[:GRP]] [-e DIR] [-/
432 DIR] [-n NICE] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-f BYTES]
433 [-c BYTES] PROG ARGS
434 Change the process state and run PROG
436 Options:
438 -u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid
440 -U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment
441 -e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files
442 in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file
443 -/ DIR Chroot to DIR
444 -n NICE Add NICE to nice value
445 -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES
446 -d BYTES Limit data segment
447 -o N Limit number of open files per process
448 -p N Limit number of processes per uid
449 -f BYTES Limit output file sizes
450 -c BYTES Limit core file size
451 -v Verbose
452 -P Create new process group
453 -0 Close standard input
454 -1 Close standard output
455 -2 Close standard error
456 chroot
458 chroot NEWROOT [PROG [ARGS]]
459 Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT
461 chrt
463 chrt [OPTIONS] [PRIO] [PID | PROG [ARGS]]
464 Manipulate real-time attributes of a process
466 Options:
468 -p Operate on pid
470 -r Set scheduling policy to SCHED_RR
471 -f Set scheduling policy to SCHED_FIFO
472 -o Set scheduling policy to SCHED_OTHER
473 -m Show min and max priorities
474 chvt
476 chvt N
477 Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
479 cksum
481 cksum FILES...
482 Calculate the CRC32 checksums of FILES
484 clear
486 clear
487 Clear screen
489 cmp cmp [-l] [-s] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]]
491 Compares FILE1 vs stdin if FILE2 is not specified
493 Options:
495 -l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal)
497 for all differing bytes
498 -s Quiet
499 comm
501 comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2
502 Compare FILE1 to FILE2, or to stdin if - is specified
504 Options:
506 -1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1
508 -2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2
509 -3 Suppress lines common to both files
510 cp cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST
512 Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY
514 Options:
516 -a Same as -dpR
518 -d,-P Preserve links
519 -H,-L Dereference all symlinks (default)
520 -p Preserve file attributes if possible
521 -f Force overwrite
522 -i Prompt before overwrite
523 -R,-r Recurse directories
524 -l,-s Create (sym)links
525 cpio
527 cpio -[tiopdmvu] [-F FILE] [-H newc]
528 Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or create a cpio archive
530 Main operation mode:
531 -t List
533 -i Extract
534 -o Create
535 -p Passthrough
536 Options:
537 -d Make leading directories
539 -m Preserve mtime
540 -v Verbose
541 -u Overwrite
542 -F Input file
543 -H Define format
544 crond
546 crond -fbS -l N -d N -L LOGFILE -c DIR
547 -f Foreground
549 -b Background (default)
550 -S Log to syslog (default)
551 -l Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8
552 -d Set log level, log to stderr
553 -L Log to file
554 -c Working dir
555 crontab
557 crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE]
558 -c Crontab directory
560 -u User
561 -l List crontab
562 -e Edit crontab
563 -r Delete crontab
564 FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)
565 cryptpw
567 cryptpw [OPTIONS] [PASSWORD] [SALT]
568 Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)
570 Options:
572 -P,--password-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM
574 -m,--method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE
575 -S,--salt=SALT
576 cut cut [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
578 Print selected fields from each input FILE to standard output
580 Options:
582 -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
584 -c LIST Output only characters from LIST
585 -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
586 -s Output only the lines containing delimiter
587 -f N Print only these fields
588 -n Ignored
589 date
591 date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [TIME]
592 Display time (using +FMT), or set time
594 Options:
596 [-s] TIME Set time to TIME
598 -u Work in UTC (don't convert to local time)
599 -R Output RFC-822 compliant date string
600 -I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 compliant date string
601 SPEC='date' (default) for date only,
602 'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and
603 time to the indicated precision
604 -r FILE Display last modification time of FILE
605 -d TIME Display TIME, not 'now'
606 -D FMT Use FMT for -d TIME conversion
607 Recognized TIME formats:
609 hh:mm[:ss]
611 [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss]
612 YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss]
613 [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]
614 dc dc expression...
616 Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: +, add, -, sub, *, mul, /, div, %,
618 mod, **, exp, and, or, not, eor, p - print top of the stack
619 (without altering the stack), f - print entire stack, o - pop the
620 value and set output radix (value must be 10 or 16). Examples: 'dc
621 2 2 add' -> 4, 'dc 8 8 * 2 2 + /' -> 16.
622 dd dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N] [obs=N] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N]
624 [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync]
625 Copy a file with converting and formatting
627 Options:
629 if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
631 of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout
632 bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time
633 ibs=N Read N bytes at a time
634 obs=N Write N bytes at a time
635 count=N Copy only N input blocks
636 skip=N Skip N input blocks
637 seek=N Skip N output blocks
638 conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file
639 conv=noerror Continue after read errors
640 conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros
641 conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing
642 Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k
644 (x1024), MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G
645 (x1073741824)
646 deallocvt
648 deallocvt [N]
649 Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
651 delgroup
653 delgroup [USER] GROUP
654 Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP
656 deluser
658 deluser USER
659 Delete USER from the system
661 devmem
663 devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]]
664 Read/write from physical address
666 ADDRESS Address to act upon
668 WIDTH Width (8/16/...)
669 VALUE Data to be written
670 df df [-Pkmhai] [-B SIZE] [FILESYSTEM...]
672 Print filesystem usage statistics
674 Options:
676 -P POSIX output format
678 -k 1024-byte blocks (default)
679 -m 1M-byte blocks
680 -h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G)
681 -a Show all filesystems
682 -i Inodes
683 -B SIZE Blocksize
684 dhcprelay
686 dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2...] SERVER_IFACE [SERVER_IP]
687 Relay DHCP requests between clients and server
689 diff
691 diff [-abdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2
692 Compare files line by line and output the differences between them.
694 This implementation supports unified diffs only.
695 Options:
697 -a Treat all files as text
699 -b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace
700 -d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes
701 -i Ignore case differences
702 -L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header
703 -N Treat absent files as empty
704 -q Output only whether files differ
705 -r Recursively compare subdirectories
706 -S Start with FILE when comparing directories
707 -T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary
708 -s Report when two files are the same
709 -t Expand tabs to spaces in output
710 -U Output LINES lines of context
711 -w Ignore all whitespace
712 dirname
714 dirname FILENAME
715 Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME
717 dmesg
719 dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]
720 Print or control the kernel ring buffer
722 Options:
724 -c Clear ring buffer after printing
726 -n LEVEL Set console logging level
727 -s SIZE Buffer size
728 dnsd
730 dnsd [-c config] [-t seconds] [-p port] [-i iface-ip] [-d]
731 Small static DNS server daemon
733 Options:
735 -c Config filename
737 -t TTL in seconds
738 -p Listening port
739 -i Listening ip (default all)
740 -d Daemonize
741 dos2unix
743 dos2unix [OPTION] [FILE]
744 Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is
746 given, use stdin/stdout.
747 Options:
749 -u dos2unix
751 -d unix2dos
752 du du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...
754 Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk
756 space is printed in units of 1024 bytes.
757 Options:
759 -a Show file sizes too
761 -H Follow symlinks on command line
762 -L Follow all symlinks
763 -d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N
764 -c Show grand total
765 -l Count sizes many times if hard linked
766 -s Display only a total for each argument
767 -x Skip directories on different filesystems
768 -h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
769 -m Sizes in megabytes
770 -k Sizes in kilobytes (default)
771 dumpkmap
773 dumpkmap > keymap
774 Print a binary keyboard translation table to standard output
776 dumpleases
778 dumpleases [-r|-a] [-f LEASEFILE]
779 Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd
781 Options:
783 -f,--file=FILE Leases file to load
785 -r,--remaining Interpret lease times as time remaining
786 -a,--absolute Interpret lease times as expire time
787 echo
789 echo [-neE] [ARG...]
790 Print the specified ARGs to stdout
792 Options:
794 -n Suppress trailing newline
796 -e Interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e., \t=tab)
797 -E Disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters
798 ed ed
800 eject
802 eject [-t] [-T] [DEVICE]
803 Eject specified DEVICE (or default /dev/cdrom)
805 Options:
807 -s SCSI device
809 -t Close tray
810 -T Open/close tray (toggle)
811 env env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [PROG [ARGS]]
813 Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up the
815 specified environment
816 Options:
818 -, -i Start with an empty environment
820 -u Remove variable from the environment
821 envdir
823 envdir dir prog args
824 Set various environment variables as specified by files in the
826 directory dir and run PROG
827 envuidgid
829 envuidgid account prog args
830 Set $UID to account's uid and $GID to account's gid and run PROG
832 ether-wake
834 ether-wake [-b] [-i iface] [-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]] MAC
835 Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines. MAC must be a
837 station address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or a hostname with a known
838 'ethers' entry.
839 Options:
841 -b Send wake-up packet to the broadcast address
843 -i iface Interface to use (default eth0)
844 -p pass Append four or six byte password PW to the packet
845 expand
847 expand [-i] [-t NUM] [FILE|-]
848 Convert tabs to spaces, writing to standard output.
850 Options:
852 -i,--initial Do not convert tabs after non blanks
854 -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars
855 expr
857 expr EXPRESSION
858 Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output.
860 EXPRESSION may be:
862 ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
864 ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
865 ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly:
866 ARG1 <= ARG2
867 ARG1 = ARG2
868 ARG1 != ARG2
869 ARG1 >= ARG2
870 ARG1 > ARG2
871 ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:
872 ARG1 - ARG2
873 ARG1 * ARG2
874 ARG1 / ARG2
875 ARG1 % ARG2
876 STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
877 match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP
878 substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
879 index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
880 length STRING Length of STRING
881 quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
882 it is a keyword like 'match' or an
883 operator like '/'
884 (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION
885 Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
887 Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
888 lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
889 \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the
890 number of characters matched or 0.
891 fakeidentd
893 fakeidentd [-fiw] [-b ADDR] [STRING]
894 Provide fake ident (auth) service
896 Options:
898 -f Run in foreground
900 -i Inetd mode
901 -w Inetd 'wait' mode
902 -b ADDR Bind to specified address
903 STRING Ident answer string (default is 'nobody')
904 false
906 false
907 Return an exit code of FALSE (1)
909 fbset
911 fbset [OPTIONS] [MODE]
912 Show and modify frame buffer settings
914 fbsplash
916 fbsplash -s IMGFILE [-c] [-d DEV] [-i INIFILE] [-f CMD]
917 Options:
919 -s Image
921 -c Hide cursor
922 -d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0)
923 -i Config file (var=value):
924 BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT
925 BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B
926 -f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image)
927 commands: 'NN' (% for progress bar) or 'exit'
928 fdflush
930 fdflush DEVICE
931 Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change
933 fdformat
935 fdformat [-n] DEVICE
936 Format floppy disk
938 Options:
940 -n Don't verify after format
942 fdisk
944 fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] DISK
945 Change partition table
947 Options:
949 -u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders)
951 -l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit
952 -b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors
953 -C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors
954 -H HEADS
955 -S SECTORS
957 find
959 find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION]
960 Search for files. The default PATH is the current directory,
962 default EXPRESSION is '-print'
963 EXPRESSION may consist of:
965 -follow Dereference symlinks
967 -xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems
968 -maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies
969 tests/actions to command line arguments only
970 -mindepth N Do not act on first N levels
971 -name PATTERN File name (w/o directory name) matches PATTERN
972 -iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name
973 -path PATTERN Path matches PATTERN
974 -regex PATTERN Path matches regex PATTERN
975 -type X File type is X (X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...)
976 -perm NNN Permissions match any of (+NNN), all of (-NNN),
977 or exactly (NNN)
978 -mtime DAYS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
979 or exactly (N) days
980 -mmin MINS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
981 or exactly (N) minutes
982 -newer FILE Modified time is more recent than FILE's
983 -inum N File has inode number N
984 -user NAME File is owned by user NAME (numeric user ID allowed)
985 -group NAME File belongs to group NAME (numeric group ID allowed)
986 -depth Process directory name after traversing it
987 -size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)).
988 +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N
989 -print Print (default and assumed)
990 -print0 Delimit output with null characters rather than
991 newlines
992 -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by the
993 matching files
994 -prune Stop traversing current subtree
995 -delete Delete files, turns on -depth option
996 (EXPR) Group an expression
997 findfs
999 findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid
1000 Find a filesystem device based on a label or UUID
1002 fold
1004 fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]
1005 Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing
1007 to standard output
1008 Options:
1010 -b Count bytes rather than columns
1012 -s Break at spaces
1013 -w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80
1014 free
1016 free
1017 Display the amount of free and used system memory
1019 freeramdisk
1021 freeramdisk DEVICE
1022 Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk
1024 fsck
1026 fsck [-ANPRTV] [-C fd] [-t fstype] [fs-options] [filesys...]
1027 Check and repair filesystems
1029 Options:
1031 -A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems
1033 -N Don't execute, just show what would be done
1034 -P With -A, check filesystems in parallel
1035 -R With -A, skip the root filesystem
1036 -T Don't show title on startup
1037 -V Verbose
1038 -C n Write status information to specified filedescriptor
1039 -t type List of filesystem types to check
1040 fsck.minix
1042 fsck.minix [-larvsmf] /dev/name
1043 Check MINIX filesystem
1045 Options:
1047 -l List all filenames
1049 -r Perform interactive repairs
1050 -a Perform automatic repairs
1051 -v Verbose
1052 -s Output superblock information
1053 -m Show "mode not cleared" warnings
1054 -f Force file system check
1055 fsync
1057 fsync [OPTIONS] FILE...Write files' buffered blocks to disk
1058 Options:
1060 -d Avoid syncing metadata
1062 ftpd
1064 ftpd [-wvS] [-t N] [-T N] [DIR]
1065 FTP server
1067 ftpd should be used as an inetd service. ftpd's line for
1069 inetd.conf: 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd
1070 /files/to/serve It also can be ran from tcpsvd:
1071 tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve
1073 Options:
1075 -w Allow upload
1077 -v Log to stderr
1078 -S Log to syslog
1079 -t,-T Idle and absolute timeouts
1080 DIR Change root to this directory
1081 ftpget
1083 ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST LOCAL_FILE REMOTE_FILE
1084 Retrieve a remote file via FTP
1086 Options:
1088 -c,--continue Continue previous transfer
1090 -v,--verbose Verbose
1091 -u,--username Username
1092 -p,--password Password
1093 -P,--port Port number
1094 ftpput
1096 ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST REMOTE_FILE LOCAL_FILE
1097 Store a local file on a remote machine via FTP
1099 Options:
1101 -v,--verbose Verbose
1103 -u,--username Username
1104 -p,--password Password
1105 -P,--port Port number
1106 fuser
1108 fuser [OPTIONS] FILE or PORT/PROTO
1109 Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs
1111 Options:
1113 -m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs
1115 -4 Search only IPv4 space
1116 -6 Search only IPv6 space
1117 -s Silent: just exit with 0 if any processes are found
1118 -k Kill found processes (otherwise display PIDs)
1119 -SIGNAL Signal to send (default: TERM)
1120 getopt
1122 getopt [OPTIONS]
1123 Parse options
1125 -a,--alternative Allow long options starting with single -
1127 -l,--longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized
1128 -n,--name=progname The name under which errors are reported
1129 -o,--options=optstring Short options to be recognized
1130 -q,--quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3)
1131 -Q,--quiet-output No normal output
1132 -s,--shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions
1133 -T,--test Test for getopt(1) version
1134 -u,--unquoted Don't quote the output
1135 getty
1137 getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE TTY [TERMTYPE]
1138 Open a tty, prompt for a login name, then invoke /bin/login
1140 Options:
1142 -h Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control
1144 -i Do not display /etc/issue before running login
1145 -L Local line, do not do carrier detect
1146 -m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message
1147 -w Wait for a CR or LF before sending /etc/issue
1148 -n Do not prompt the user for a login name
1149 -f issue_file Display issue_file instead of /etc/issue
1150 -l login_app Invoke login_app instead of /bin/login
1151 -t timeout Terminate after timeout if no username is read
1152 -I initstring Init string to send before anything else
1153 -H login_host Log login_host into the utmp file as the hostname
1154 grep
1156 grep [-HhrilLnqvsoweFEABCz] PATTERN [FILE]...
1157 Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input
1159 Options:
1161 -H Prefix output lines with filename where match was found
1163 -h Suppress the prefixing filename on output
1164 -r Recurse subdirectories
1165 -i Ignore case distinctions
1166 -l List names of files that match
1167 -L List names of files that do not match
1168 -n Print line number with output lines
1169 -q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise
1170 -v Select non-matching lines
1171 -s Suppress file open/read error messages
1172 -c Only print count of matching lines
1173 -o Show only the part of a line that matches PATTERN
1174 -m MAX Match up to MAX times per file
1175 -w Match whole words only
1176 -F PATTERN is a set of newline-separated strings
1177 -E PATTERN is an extended regular expression
1178 -e PTRN Pattern to match
1179 -f FILE Read pattern from file
1180 -A Print NUM lines of trailing context
1181 -B Print NUM lines of leading context
1182 -C Print NUM lines of output context
1183 -z Input is NUL terminated
1184 gunzip
1186 gunzip [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
1187 Uncompress FILEs (or standard input)
1189 Options:
1191 -c Write to standard output
1193 -f Force
1194 -t Test file integrity
1195 gzip
1197 gzip [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
1198 Compress FILEs (or standard input)
1200 Options:
1202 -c Write to standard output
1204 -d Decompress
1205 -f Force
1206 halt
1208 halt [-d delay] [-n] [-f] [-w]
1209 Halt the system
1211 Options:
1213 -d Delay interval for halting
1215 -n No call to sync()
1216 -f Force halt (don't go through init)
1217 -w Only write a wtmp record
1218 hd hd FILE...
1220 hd is an alias for hexdump -C
1222 hdparm
1224 hdparm [OPTIONS] [DEVICE]
1225 Options:
1227 -a Get/set fs readahead
1229 -A Set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1)
1230 -b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate)
1231 -B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255)
1232 -c Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting
1233 -C Check IDE power mode status
1234 -d Get/set using_dma flag
1235 -D Enable/disable drive defect-mgmt
1236 -f Flush buffer cache for device on exit
1237 -g Display drive geometry
1238 -h Display terse usage information
1239 -i Display drive identification
1240 -I Detailed/current information directly from drive
1241 -k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1)
1242 -K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1)
1243 -L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only)
1244 -m Get/set multiple sector count
1245 -n Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1)
1246 -p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...)
1247 -P Set drive prefetch count
1248 -Q Get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported)
1249 -r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set)
1250 -R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
1251 -S Set standby (spindown) timeout
1252 -t Perform device read timings
1253 -T Perform cache read timings
1254 -u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1)
1255 -U Un-register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
1256 -v Defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives
1257 -V Display program version and exit immediately
1258 -w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS)
1259 -W Set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
1260 -x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
1261 -X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS)
1262 -y Put IDE drive in standby mode
1263 -Y Put IDE drive to sleep
1264 -Z Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode
1265 -z Re-read partition table
1266 head
1268 head [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
1269 Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more
1271 than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
1272 With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
1273 Options:
1275 -n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10
1277 -c NUM Output the first NUM bytes
1278 -q Never output headers giving file names
1279 -v Always output headers giving file names
1280 hexdump
1282 hexdump [-bcCdefnosvxR] FILE...
1283 Display file(s) or standard input in a user specified format
1285 Options:
1287 -b One-byte octal display
1289 -c One-byte character display
1290 -C Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line
1291 -d Two-byte decimal display
1292 -e FORMAT STRING
1293 -f FORMAT FILE
1294 -n LENGTH Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input
1295 -o Two-byte octal display
1296 -s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes
1297 -v Display all input data
1298 -x Two-byte hexadecimal display
1299 -R Reverse of 'hexdump -Cv'
1300 hostid
1302 hostid
1303 Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine
1305 hostname
1307 hostname [OPTIONS] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE]
1308 Get or set hostname or DNS domain name
1310 Options:
1312 -s Short
1314 -i Addresses for the hostname
1315 -d DNS domain name
1316 -f Fully qualified domain name
1317 -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname
1318 httpd
1320 httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r
1321 REALM] [-h HOME] or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING
1322 Listen for incoming HTTP requests
1324 Options:
1326 -i Inetd mode
1328 -f Do not daemonize
1329 -v[v] Verbose
1330 -c FILE Configuration file (default httpd.conf)
1331 -p [IP:]PORT Bind to ip:port (default *:80)
1332 -u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port
1333 -r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication
1334 -h HOME Home directory (default .)
1335 -m STRING MD5 crypt STRING
1336 -e STRING HTML encode STRING
1337 -d STRING URL decode STRING
1338 hwclock
1340 hwclock [-r|--show] [-s|--hctosys] [-w|--systohc] [-l|--localtime]
1341 [-u|--utc] [-f FILE]
1342 Query and set hardware clock (RTC)
1344 Options:
1346 -r Show hardware clock time
1348 -s Set system time from hardware clock
1349 -w Set hardware clock to system time
1350 -u Hardware clock is in UTC
1351 -l Hardware clock is in local time
1352 -f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2)
1353 id id [OPTIONS] [USER]
1355 Print information about USER or the current user
1357 Options:
1359 -u Print user ID
1361 -g Print group ID
1362 -G Print supplementary group IDs
1363 -n Print name instead of a number
1364 -r Print real user ID instead of effective ID
1365 ifconfig
1367 ifconfig [-a] interface [address]
1368 Configure a network interface
1370 Options:
1372 [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
1374 [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
1375 [[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]]
1376 [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS]
1377 [outfill NN] [keepalive NN]
1378 [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN]
1379 [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
1380 [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic]
1381 [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN]
1382 [up|down] ...
1383 ifdown
1385 ifdown [-ainmvf] ifaces...
1386 Options:
1388 -a De/configure all interfaces automatically
1390 -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions
1391 -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it
1392 (note: doesn't disable mappings)
1393 -m Don't run any mappings
1394 -v Print out what would happen before doing it
1395 -f Force de/configuration
1396 ifenslave
1398 ifenslave [-cdf] master-iface <slave-iface...>
1399 Configure network interfaces for parallel routing
1401 Options:
1403 -c, --change-active Change active slave
1405 -d, --detach Remove slave interface from bonding device
1406 -f, --force Force, even if interface is not Ethernet
1407 ifplugd
1409 ifplugd [OPTIONS]
1410 Network interface plug detection daemon.
1412 Options:
1414 -n Do not daemonize
1416 -s Do not log to syslog
1417 -i IFACE Interface
1418 -f/-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up
1419 (otherwise exit on error)
1420 -a Do not up interface automatically
1421 -M Monitor creation/destruction of interface
1422 (otherwise it must exist)
1423 -r PROG Script to run
1424 -x ARG Extra argument for script
1425 -I Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script
1426 -p Don't run script on daemon startup
1427 -q Don't run script on daemon quit
1428 -l Run script on startup even if no cable is detected
1429 -t SECS Poll time in seconds
1430 -u SECS Delay before running script after link up
1431 -d SECS Delay after link down
1432 -m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, auto)
1433 -k Kill running daemon
1434 ifup
1436 ifup [-ainmvf] ifaces...
1437 Options:
1439 -a De/configure all interfaces automatically
1441 -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions
1442 -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it
1443 (note: doesn't disable mappings)
1444 -m Don't run any mappings
1445 -v Print out what would happen before doing it
1446 -f Force de/configuration
1447 inetd
1449 inetd [-fe] [-q N] [-R N] [CONFFILE]
1450 Listen for network connections and launch programs
1452 Options:
1454 -f Run in foreground
1456 -e Log to stderr
1457 -q N Socket listen queue (default: 128)
1458 -R N Pause services after N connects/min
1459 (default: 0 - disabled)
1460 init
1462 init
1463 Init is the parent of all processes
1465 insmod
1467 insmod [OPTIONS] MODULE [symbol=value]...
1468 Load the specified kernel modules into the kernel
1470 Options:
1472 -f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version
1474 -k Make module autoclean-able
1475 -v Verbose
1476 -q Quiet
1477 -L Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module
1478 -m Output load map to stdout
1479 -o NAME Set internal module name to NAME
1480 -x Do not export externs
1481 install
1483 install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [source]
1484 dest|directory
1485 Copy files and set attributes
1487 Options:
1489 -c Just copy (default)
1491 -d Create directories
1492 -D Create leading target directories
1493 -s Strip symbol table
1494 -p Preserve date
1495 -o USER Set ownership
1496 -g GRP Set group ownership
1497 -m MODE Set permissions
1498 ionice
1500 ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-p PID] [PROG]
1501 Change I/O scheduling class and priority
1503 Options:
1505 -c Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle
1507 -n Priority
1508 ip ip [OPTIONS] {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} {COMMAND}
1510 ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND} where OBJECT := {address | route |
1512 link | tunnel | rule} OPTIONS := { -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link
1513 } | -o[neline] }
1514 ipaddr
1516 ipaddr { {add|del} IFADDR dev STRING | {show|flush} [dev
1517 STRING] [to PREFIX] }
1518 ipaddr {add|delete} IFADDR dev STRING ipaddr {show|flush} [dev
1520 STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] [to PREFIX] [label PATTERN]
1521 IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [broadcast ADDR]
1522 [anycast ADDR] [label STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] SCOPE-ID
1523 := [host | link | global | NUMBER]
1524 ipcalc
1526 ipcalc [OPTIONS] ADDRESS[[/]NETMASK] [NETMASK]
1527 Calculate IP network settings from a IP address
1529 Options:
1531 -b,--broadcast Display calculated broadcast address
1533 -n,--network Display calculated network address
1534 -m,--netmask Display default netmask for IP
1535 -p,--prefix Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK
1536 -h,--hostname Display first resolved host name
1537 -s,--silent Don't ever display error messages
1538 ipcrm
1540 ipcrm [-MQS key] [-mqs id]
1541 Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. Lower-
1543 case options remove an object by shmid value.
1544 Options:
1546 -mM Remove memory segment after last detach
1548 -qQ Remove message queue
1549 -sS Remove semaphore
1550 ipcs
1552 ipcs [[-smq] -i shmid] | [[-asmq] [-tcplu]]
1553 -i Show specific resource
1555 Resource specification:
1556 -m Shared memory segments
1558 -q Message queues
1559 -s Semaphore arrays
1560 -a All (default)
1561 Output format:
1562 -t Time
1564 -c Creator
1565 -p Pid
1566 -l Limits
1567 -u Summary
1568 iplink
1570 iplink { set DEVICE { up | down | arp { on | off } | show [DEVICE]
1571 }
1572 iplink set DEVICE { up | down | arp | multicast { on | off } |
1574 dynamic { on | off } | mtu MTU }
1575 iplink show [DEVICE]
1576 iproute
1578 iproute { list | flush | { add | del | change | append |
1579 replace | monitor } ROUTE }
1580 iproute { list | flush } SELECTOR iproute get ADDRESS [from ADDRESS
1582 iif STRING] [oif STRING] [tos TOS] iproute { add |
1583 del | change | append | replace | monitor } ROUTE
1584 SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match PREFIX] [proto
1585 RTPROTO] ROUTE := [TYPE] PREFIX [tos TOS] [proto
1586 RTPROTO] [metric METRIC]
1587 iprule
1589 iprule {[list | add | del] RULE}
1590 iprule [list | add | del] SELECTOR ACTION SELECTOR := [from
1592 PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK] [dev
1593 STRING] [pref NUMBER] ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDRESS]
1594 [prohibit | reject | unreachable]
1595 [realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM] TABLE_ID := [local
1596 | main | default | NUMBER]
1597 iptunnel
1599 iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME] [mode { ipip |
1600 gre | sit }] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL]
1601 iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME] [mode { ipip |
1603 gre | sit }] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key
1604 KEY] [[i|o]csum] [ttl TTL] [tos TOS] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev
1605 PHYS_DEV]
1606 kbd_mode
1608 kbd_mode [-a|k|s|u] [-C TTY]
1609 Report or set the keyboard mode
1611 Options set mode:
1613 -a Default (ASCII)
1615 -k Medium-raw (keyboard)
1616 -s Raw (scancode)
1617 -u Unicode (utf-8)
1618 -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty
1619 kill
1621 kill [-l] [-SIG] PID...
1622 Send a signal (default is TERM) to given PIDs
1624 Options:
1626 -l List all signal names and numbers
1628 killall
1630 killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] process-name...
1631 Send a signal (default is TERM) to given processes
1633 Options:
1635 -l List all signal names and numbers
1637 -q Do not complain if no processes were killed
1638 killall5
1640 killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]...
1641 Send a signal (default is TERM) to all processes outside current
1643 session
1644 Options:
1646 -l List all signal names and numbers
1648 -o PID Do not signal this PID
1649 klogd
1651 klogd [-c N] [-n]
1652 Kernel logger
1654 Options:
1656 -c N Only messages with level < N are printed to console
1658 -n Run in foreground
1659 last
1661 last [-HW] [-f file]
1662 Show listing of the last users that logged into the system
1664 Options:
1666 -W Display with no host column truncation
1668 -f file Read from file instead of /var/log/wtmp
1669 length
1671 length STRING
1672 Print STRING's length
1674 less
1676 less [-EMNmh~I?] [FILE]...
1677 View a file or list of files. The position within files can be
1679 changed, and files can be manipulated in various ways.
1680 Options:
1682 -E Quit once the end of a file is reached
1684 -M,-m Display a status line containing the line numbers
1685 and percentage through the file
1686 -N Prefix line numbers to each line
1687 -I Ignore case in all searches
1688 -~ Suppress ~s displayed past the end of the file
1689 ln ln [OPTIONS] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY
1691 Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET.
1693 Use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
1694 Options:
1696 -s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks
1698 -f Remove existing destination files
1699 -n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file
1700 -b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation
1701 -S suf Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files
1702 loadfont
1704 loadfont < font
1705 Load a console font from standard input
1707 loadkmap
1709 loadkmap < keymap
1710 Load a binary keyboard translation table from standard input
1712 logger
1714 logger [OPTIONS] [MESSAGE]
1715 Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin.
1717 Options:
1719 -s Log to stderr as well as the system log
1721 -t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name)
1722 -p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair)
1723 login
1725 login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER]
1726 Begin a new session on the system
1728 Options:
1730 -f Do not authenticate (user already authenticated)
1732 -h Name of the remote host
1733 -p Preserve environment
1734 logname
1736 logname
1737 Print the name of the current user
1739 logread
1741 logread [OPTIONS]
1742 Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer
1744 Options:
1746 -f Output data as log grows
1748 losetup
1750 losetup [-o OFS] LOOPDEV FILE - associate loop devices losetup
1751 -d LOOPDEV - disassociate losetup [-f] - show
1752 Options:
1754 -o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE
1756 -f Show first free loop device
1757 lpd lpd SPOOLDIR [HELPER [ARGS]]
1759 SPOOLDIR must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories
1761 with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are
1762 sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue
1763 directory and HELPER program is called. Name of file to print is
1764 passed in $DATAFILE variable. Example:
1765 tcpsvd -E 0 515 softlimit -m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print
1767 lpq lpq [-P queue[@host[:port]]] [-U USERNAME] [-d JOBID...] [-fs]
1769 Options:
1771 -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER)
1773 -d Delete jobs
1774 -f Force any waiting job to be printed
1775 -s Short display
1776 lpr lpr -P queue[@host[:port]] -U USERNAME -J TITLE -Vmh [FILE]...
1778 Options:
1780 -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER)
1782 -m Send mail on completion
1783 -h Print banner page too
1784 -V Verbose
1785 ls ls [-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk] [FILE]...
1787 List directory contents
1789 Options:
1791 -1 List in a single column
1793 -A Don't list . and ..
1794 -a Don't hide entries starting with .
1795 -C List by columns
1796 -c With -l: sort by ctime
1797 --color[={always,never,auto}] Control coloring
1798 -d List directory entries instead of contents
1799 -e List full date and time
1800 -F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
1801 -i List inode numbers
1802 -l Long listing format
1803 -n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
1804 -p Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
1805 -L List entries pointed to by symlinks
1806 -R List subdirectories recursively
1807 -r Sort in reverse order
1808 -S Sort by file size
1809 -s List the size of each file, in blocks
1810 -T NUM Assume tabstop every NUM columns
1811 -t With -l: sort by modification time
1812 -u With -l: sort by access time
1813 -v Sort by version
1814 -w NUM Assume the terminal is NUM columns wide
1815 -x List by lines
1816 -X Sort by extension
1817 -h List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G)
1818 lsattr
1820 lsattr [-Radlv] [FILE]...
1821 List file attributes on an ext2 fs
1823 Options:
1825 -R Recursively list subdirectories
1827 -a Do not hide entries starting with .
1828 -d List directory entries instead of contents
1829 -l List long flag names
1830 -v List the file's version/generation number
1831 lsmod
1833 lsmod
1834 List the currently loaded kernel modules
1836 lzmacat
1838 lzmacat FILE
1839 Uncompress to stdout
1841 makedevs
1843 makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir
1844 Create a range of special files as specified in a device table.
1846 Device table entries take the form of:
1847 <type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count>
1849 Where name is the file name, type can be one of: f Regular
1850 file d Directory c Character device b Block
1851 device p Fifo (named pipe) uid is the user id for the
1852 target file, gid is the group id for the target file. The rest of
1853 the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to to device special files. A
1854 '-' may be used for blank entries.
1855 makemime
1857 makemime [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
1858 Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs.
1860 Options:
1862 -o FILE Output. Default: stdout
1864 -a HDR Add header. Examples:
1865 "From: user@host.org", "Date: `date -R`"
1866 -c CT Content type. Default: text/plain
1867 -C CS Charset. Default: us-ascii
1868 Other options are silently ignored
1870 man man [OPTIONS] [MANPAGE]...
1872 Format and display manual page
1874 Options:
1876 -a Display all pages
1878 -w Show page locations
1879 md5sum
1881 md5sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
1882 or: md5sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]
1883 Print or check MD5 checksums
1885 Options:
1887 -c Check sums against given list
1889 -s Don't output anything, status code shows success
1890 -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
1891 mdev
1893 mdev [-s]
1894 -s Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot
1896 It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it:
1898 echo /bin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug It uses /etc/mdev.conf
1899 with lines [-]DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH] [@|$|*PROG]
1900 mesg
1902 mesg [y|n]
1903 Control write access to your terminal y Allow write access
1905 to your terminal n Disallow write access to your terminal
1906 microcom
1908 microcom [-d DELAY] [-t TIMEOUT] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY
1909 Copy bytes for stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout
1911 Options:
1913 -d Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every
1915 next byte to it
1916 -t Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms
1917 -s Set serial line to SPEED
1918 -X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin
1919 mkdir
1921 mkdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...
1922 Create DIRECTORY
1924 Options:
1926 -m Set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
1928 -p No error if existing, make parent directories as needed
1929 mkdosfs
1931 mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] FILE_OR_DEVICE [SIZE_IN_KB]
1932 Make a FAT32 filesystem
1934 Options:
1936 -v Verbose
1938 -n LBL Volume label
1939 mkfifo
1941 mkfifo [OPTIONS] name
1942 Create named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')
1944 Options:
1946 -m MODE Mode (default a=rw)
1948 mkfs.minix
1950 mkfs.minix [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] /dev/name [blocks]
1951 Make a MINIX filesystem
1953 Options:
1955 -c Check device for bad blocks
1957 -n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames
1958 -i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem
1959 -l FILENAME Read bad blocks list from FILENAME
1960 -v Make version 2 filesystem
1961 mkfs.vfat
1963 mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] FILE_OR_DEVICE [SIZE_IN_KB]
1964 Make a FAT32 filesystem
1966 Options:
1968 -v Verbose
1970 -n LBL Volume label
1971 mknod
1973 mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR
1974 Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)
1976 Options:
1978 -m Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)
1980 TYPEs include:
1981 b: Make a block device
1983 c or u: Make a character device
1984 p: Make a named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored)
1985 mkpasswd
1987 mkpasswd [OPTIONS] [PASSWORD] [SALT]
1988 Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)
1990 Options:
1992 -P,--password-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM
1994 -m,--method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE
1995 -S,--salt=SALT
1996 mkswap
1998 mkswap DEVICE
1999 Prepare block device to be used as swap partition
2001 mktemp
2003 mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE]
2004 Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its
2006 name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).
2007 Options:
2009 -d Make a directory instead of a file
2011 -t Generate a path rooted in temporary directory
2012 -p DIR Use DIR as a temporary directory (implies -t)
2013 For -t or -p, directory is chosen as follows: $TMPDIR if set, else
2015 -p DIR, else /tmp
2016 modprobe
2018 modprobe [-knqrsv] MODULE [symbol=value...]
2019 Options:
2021 -k Make module autoclean-able
2023 -n Dry run
2024 -q Quiet
2025 -r Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean
2026 -s Report via syslog instead of stderr
2027 -v Verbose
2028 -b Apply blacklist to module names too
2029 more
2031 more [FILE]...
2032 View FILE or standard input one screenful at a time
2034 mount
2036 mount [flags] DEVICE NODE [-o OPT,OPT]
2037 Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc be
2039 mounted.
2040 Options:
2042 -a Mount all filesystems in fstab
2044 -f Dry run
2045 -r Read-only mount
2046 -w Read-write mount (default)
2047 -t FSTYPE Filesystem type
2048 -O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only)
2049 -o OPT:
2050 loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected)
2051 [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous
2052 [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times
2053 [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories
2054 [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time
2055 [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files
2056 [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files
2057 [no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs
2058 [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree
2059 [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree
2060 [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree
2061 [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted
2062 bind Bind a directory to an additional location
2063 move Relocate an existing mount point
2064 remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags
2065 ro/rw Read-only/read-write mount
2066 There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem
2068 You'll have to see the written documentation for those filesystems
2069 mountpoint
2071 mountpoint [-q] <[-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE>
2072 Check if the directory is a mountpoint
2074 Options:
2076 -q Quiet
2078 -d Print major/minor device number of the filesystem
2079 -n Print device name of the filesystem
2080 -x Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice
2081 mt mt [-f device] opcode value
2083 Control magnetic tape drive operation
2085 Available Opcodes:
2087 bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm
2089 fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension
2090 rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock
2091 weof wset
2092 mv mv [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST or: mv [OPTIONS] SOURCE... DIRECTORY
2094 Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY
2096 Options:
2098 -f Don't prompt before overwriting
2100 -i Interactive, prompt before overwrite
2101 nameif
2103 nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [{IFNAME MACADDR}]
2104 Rename network interface while it in the down state
2106 Options:
2108 -c FILE Use configuration file (default is /etc/mactab)
2110 -s Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility)
2111 IFNAME MACADDR new_interface_name interface_mac_address
2112 nc nc [OPTIONS] HOST PORT - connect nc [OPTIONS] -l -p PORT [HOST]
2114 [PORT] - listen
2115 Options:
2117 -e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last)
2119 -l Listen mode, for inbound connects
2120 -n Don't do DNS resolution
2121 -s ADDR Local address
2122 -p PORT Local port
2123 -u UDP mode
2124 -v Verbose
2125 -w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads
2126 -i SEC Delay interval for lines sent
2127 -o FILE Hex dump traffic
2128 -z Zero-I/O mode (scanning)
2129 netstat
2131 netstat [-laentuwxrWp]
2132 Display networking information
2134 Options:
2136 -l Display listening server sockets
2138 -a Display all sockets (default: connected)
2139 -e Display other/more information
2140 -n Don't resolve names
2141 -t Tcp sockets
2142 -u Udp sockets
2143 -w Raw sockets
2144 -x Unix sockets
2145 -r Display routing table
2146 -W Display with no column truncation
2147 -p Display PID/Program name for sockets
2148 nice
2150 nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG [ARGS]]
2151 Run PROG with modified scheduling priority
2153 Options:
2155 -n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST
2157 nmeter
2159 nmeter format_string
2160 Monitor system in real time
2162 Format specifiers:
2164 %Nc or %[cN] Monitor CPU. N - bar size, default 10
2166 (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq)
2167 %[niface] Monitor network interface 'iface'
2168 %m Monitor allocated memory
2169 %[mf] Monitor free memory
2170 %[mt] Monitor total memory
2171 %s Monitor allocated swap
2172 %f Monitor number of used file descriptors
2173 %Ni Monitor total/specific IRQ rate
2174 %x Monitor context switch rate
2175 %p Monitor forks
2176 %[pn] Monitor # of processes
2177 %b Monitor block io
2178 %Nt Show time (with N decimal points)
2179 %Nd Milliseconds between updates (default:1000)
2180 %r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL
2181 nohup
2183 nohup PROG [ARGS]
2184 Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
2186 nslookup
2188 nslookup [HOST] [SERVER]
2189 Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST
2191 optionally using a specified DNS server
2192 od od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [-t TYPE] [FILE]
2194 Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of
2196 FILE to standard output. With no FILE or when FILE is -, read
2197 standard input.
2198 openvt
2200 openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG [ARGS]]
2201 Start PROG on a new virtual terminal
2203 Options:
2205 -c N Use specified VT
2207 -s Switch to the VT
2208 -w Wait for PROG to exit
2209 passwd
2211 passwd [OPTIONS] [USER]
2212 Change USER's password. If no USER is specified, changes the
2214 password for the current user.
2215 Options:
2217 -a Algorithm to use for password (choices: des, md5)
2219 -d Delete password for the account
2220 -l Lock (disable) account
2221 -u Unlock (re-enable) account
2222 patch
2224 patch [-p NUM] [-i DIFF] [-R] [-N]
2225 -p NUM Strip NUM leading components from file names
2227 -i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin
2228 -R Reverse patch
2229 -N Ignore already applied patches
2230 pgrep
2232 pgrep [-flnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]
2233 Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN
2235 Options:
2237 -l Show command name too
2239 -f Match against entire command line
2240 -n Show the newest process only
2241 -o Show the oldest process only
2242 -v Negate the match
2243 -x Match whole name (not substring)
2244 -s Match session ID (0 for current)
2245 -P Match parent process ID
2246 pidof
2248 pidof [OPTIONS] [NAME...]
2249 List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs
2251 Options:
2253 -s Show only one PID
2255 -o PID Omit given pid
2256 Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent
2257 ping
2259 ping [OPTIONS] HOST
2260 Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
2262 Options:
2264 -4, -6 Force IPv4 or IPv6 hostname resolution
2266 -c CNT Send only CNT pings
2267 -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56)
2268 -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source
2269 -W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10)
2270 (after all -c CNT packets are sent)
2271 -w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
2272 (can exit earlier with -c CNT)
2273 -q Quiet, only displays output at start
2274 and when finished
2275 ping6
2277 ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST
2278 Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
2280 Options:
2282 -c CNT Send only CNT pings
2284 -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56)
2285 -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source
2286 -q Quiet, only displays output at start
2287 and when finished
2288 pivot_root
2290 pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD
2291 Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the
2293 new root file system
2294 pkill
2296 pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-fnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]
2297 Send a signal to process(es) selected by regex PATTERN
2299 Options:
2301 -l List all signals
2303 -f Match against entire command line
2304 -n Signal the newest process only
2305 -o Signal the oldest process only
2306 -v Negate the match
2307 -x Match whole name (not substring)
2308 -s Match session ID (0 for current)
2309 -P Match parent process ID
2310 popmaildir
2312 popmaildir [OPTIONS] Maildir [connection-helper ...]
2313 Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir
2315 Options:
2317 -b Binary mode. Ignored
2319 -d Debug. Ignored
2320 -m Show used memory. Ignored
2321 -V Show version. Ignored
2322 -c Use tcpclient. Ignored
2323 -a Use APOP protocol. Implied. If server supports APOP -> use it
2324 -s Skip authorization
2325 -T Get messages with TOP instead with RETR
2326 -k Keep retrieved messages on the server
2327 -t timeout Set network timeout
2328 -F "program arg1 arg2 ..." Filter by program. May be multiple
2329 -M "program arg1 arg2 ..." Deliver by program
2330 -R size Remove old messages on the server >= size (in bytes). Ignored
2331 -Z N1-N2 Remove messages from N1 to N2 (dangerous). Ignored
2332 -L size Do not retrieve new messages >= size (in bytes). Ignored
2333 -H lines Type specified number of lines of a message. Ignored
2334 poweroff
2336 poweroff [-d delay] [-n] [-f]
2337 Halt and shut off power
2339 Options:
2341 -d Delay interval for halting
2343 -n No call to sync()
2344 -f Force power off (don't go through init)
2345 printenv
2347 printenv [VARIABLES...]
2348 Print all or part of environment. If no environment VARIABLE
2350 specified, print them all.
2351 printf
2353 printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT...]
2354 Format and print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, where FORMAT
2356 controls the output exactly as in C printf
2357 ps ps
2359 Report process status
2361 Options:
2363 -o col1,col2=header Select columns for display
2365 pscan
2367 pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT]
2368 HOST
2369 Scan a host, print all open ports
2371 Options:
2373 -c Show closed ports too
2375 -b Show blocked ports too
2376 -p Scan from this port (default 1)
2377 -P Scan up to this port (default 1024)
2378 -t Timeout (default 5000 ms)
2379 -T Minimum rtt (default 5 ms, increase for congested hosts)
2380 pwd pwd
2382 Print the full filename of the current working directory
2384 raidautorun
2386 raidautorun DEVICE
2387 Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays
2389 rdate
2391 rdate [-sp] HOST
2392 Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST
2394 Options:
2396 -s Set the system date and time (default)
2398 -p Print the date and time
2399 rdev
2401 rdev
2402 Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/'
2404 readahead
2406 readahead [FILE]...
2407 Preload FILE(s) in RAM cache so that subsequent reads for
2409 thosefiles do not block on disk I/O
2410 readlink
2412 readlink [-fnv] FILE
2413 Display the value of a symlink
2415 Options:
2417 -f Canonicalize by following all symlinks
2419 -n Don't add newline
2420 -v Verbose
2421 readprofile
2423 readprofile [OPTIONS]
2424 Options:
2426 -m mapfile (Default: /boot/System.map)
2428 -p profile (Default: /proc/profile)
2429 -M mult Set the profiling multiplier to mult
2430 -i Print only info about the sampling step
2431 -v Verbose
2432 -a Print all symbols, even if count is 0
2433 -b Print individual histogram-bin counts
2434 -s Print individual counters within functions
2435 -r Reset all the counters (root only)
2436 -n Disable byte order auto-detection
2437 realpath
2439 realpath pathname...
2440 Return the absolute pathnames of given argument
2442 reboot
2444 reboot [-d delay] [-n] [-f]
2445 Reboot the system
2447 Options:
2449 -d Delay interval for rebooting
2451 -n No call to sync()
2452 -f Force reboot (don't go through init)
2453 reformime
2455 reformime [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
2456 Parse MIME-encoded message
2458 Options:
2460 -x prefix Extract content of MIME sections to files
2462 -X prog [args] Filter content of MIME sections through prog.
2463 Must be the last option
2464 Other options are silently ignored.
2466 renice
2468 renice {{-n INCREMENT} | PRIORITY} [[-p | -g | -u] ID...]
2469 Change priority of running processes
2471 Options:
2473 -n Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster)
2475 -p Process id(s) (default)
2476 -g Process group id(s)
2477 -u Process user name(s) and/or id(s)
2478 reset
2480 reset
2481 Reset the screen
2483 resize
2485 resize
2486 Resize the screen
2488 rm rm [OPTIONS] FILE...
2490 Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). Use '--' to indicate that all
2492 following arguments are non-options.
2493 Options:
2495 -i Always prompt before removing
2497 -f Never prompt
2498 -r,-R Remove directories recursively
2499 rmdir
2501 rmdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...
2502 Remove the DIRECTORY, if it is empty.
2504 Options:
2506 -p|--parents Include parents
2508 -ignore-fail-on-non-empty
2509 rmmod
2511 rmmod [OPTIONS] [MODULE]...
2512 Unload the specified kernel modules from the kernel
2514 Options:
2516 -w Wait until the module is no longer used
2518 -f Force unloading
2519 -a Remove all unused modules (recursively)
2520 route
2522 route [{add|del|delete}]
2523 Edit kernel routing tables
2525 Options:
2527 -n Don't resolve names
2529 -e Display other/more information
2530 -A inet{6} Select address family
2531 rpm rpm -i -q[ildc]p package.rpm
2533 Manipulate RPM packages
2535 Options:
2537 -i Install package
2539 -q Query package
2540 -p Query uninstalled package
2541 -i Show information
2542 -l List contents
2543 -d List documents
2544 -c List config files
2545 rpm2cpio
2547 rpm2cpio package.rpm
2548 Output a cpio archive of the rpm file
2550 rtcwake
2552 rtcwake [-a | -l | -u] [-d DEV] [-m MODE] [-s SEC | -t TIME]
2553 Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time
2555 -a,--auto Read clock mode from adjtime
2557 -l,--local Clock is set to local time
2558 -u,--utc Clock is set to UTC time
2559 -d,--device=DEV Specify the RTC device
2560 -m,--mode=MODE Set the sleep state (default: standby)
2561 -s,--seconds=SEC Set the timeout in SEC seconds from now
2562 -t,--time=TIME Set the timeout to TIME seconds from epoch
2563 run-parts
2565 run-parts [-t] [-l] [-a ARG] [-u MASK] DIRECTORY
2566 Run a bunch of scripts in a directory
2568 Options:
2570 -t Print what would be run, but don't actually run anything
2572 -a ARG Pass ARG as argument for every program
2573 -u MASK Set the umask to MASK before running every program
2574 -l Print names of all matching files even if they are not executable
2575 runlevel
2577 runlevel [utmp]
2578 Find the current and previous system runlevel.
2580 If no utmp file exists or if no runlevel record can be found, print
2582 "unknown"
2583 runsv
2585 runsv dir
2586 Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service
2588 runsvdir
2590 runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT] dir
2591 Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart
2593 it.
2594 -P Put each runsv in a new session
2596 -s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed
2597 rx rx FILE
2599 Receive a file using the xmodem protocol
2601 script
2603 script [-afqt] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE]
2604 Options:
2606 -a Append output
2608 -c Run PROG, not shell
2609 -f Flush output after each write
2610 -q Quiet
2611 -t Send timing to stderr
2612 scriptreplay
2614 scriptreplay timingfile [typescript [divisor]]
2615 Play back typescripts, using timing information
2617 sed sed [-efinr] SED_CMD [FILE]...
2619 Options:
2621 -e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed
2623 -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed
2624 -i Edit files in-place
2625 -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
2626 -r Use extended regex syntax
2627 If no -e or -f is given, the first non-option argument is taken as
2629 the sed command to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of
2630 input files; if no input files are specified, then the standard
2631 input is read. Source files will not be modified unless -i option
2632 is given.
2633 sendmail
2635 sendmail [OPTIONS] [RECIPIENT_EMAIL]...
2636 Read email from stdin and send it
2638 Standard options:
2640 -t Read additional recipients from message body
2642 -f sender Sender (required)
2643 -o options Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored
2644 Busybox specific options:
2646 -w seconds Network timeout
2648 -H 'PROG ARGS' Run connection helper
2649 Examples:
2650 -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp
2651 -connect smtp.gmail.com:25' <email.txt
2652 [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>]
2653 -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1
2654 -connect smtp.gmail.com:465' <email.txt
2655 [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>]
2656 -S server[:port] Server
2657 -au<username> Username for AUTH LOGIN
2658 -ap<password> Password for AUTH LOGIN
2659 -am<method> Authentication method. Ignored. LOGIN is implied
2660 Other options are silently ignored; -oi -t is implied Use makemime
2662 applet to create message with attachments
2663 seq seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST
2665 Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. FIRST, INC
2667 default to 1
2668 Options:
2670 -w Pad to last with leading zeros
2672 -s SEP String separator
2673 setarch
2675 setarch personality program [args...]
2676 Personality may be:
2678 linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation
2680 linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation
2681 setconsole
2683 setconsole [-r|--reset] [DEVICE]
2684 Redirect system console output to DEVICE (default: /dev/tty)
2686 Options:
2688 -r Reset output to /dev/console
2690 setfont
2692 setfont FONT [-m MAPFILE] [-C TTY]
2693 Load a console font
2695 Options:
2697 -m MAPFILE Load console screen map
2699 -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty
2700 setkeycodes
2702 setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE...
2703 Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing
2705 unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
2706 SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is
2708 given in decimal
2709 setlogcons
2711 setlogcons N
2712 Redirect the kernel output to console N (0 for current)
2714 setsid
2716 setsid PROG [ARG...]
2717 Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal
2719 and will not be affected by keyboard signals (Ctrl-C etc). See
2720 setsid(2) for details.
2721 setuidgid
2723 setuidgid account prog args
2724 Set uid and gid to account's uid and gid, removing all
2726 supplementary groups and run PROG
2727 sha1sum
2729 sha1sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
2730 or: sha1sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]
2731 Print or check SHA1 checksums.
2733 Options:
2735 -c Check sums against given list
2737 -s Don't output anything, status code shows success
2738 -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
2739 sha256sum
2741 sha256sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
2742 or: sha256sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]
2743 Print or check SHA1 checksums.
2745 Options:
2747 -c Check sums against given list
2749 -s Don't output anything, status code shows success
2750 -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
2751 sha512sum
2753 sha512sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
2754 or: sha512sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]
2755 Print or check SHA1 checksums.
2757 Options:
2759 -c Check sums against given list
2761 -s Don't output anything, status code shows success
2762 -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
2763 showkey
2765 showkey [-a | -k | -s]
2766 Show keys pressed
2768 Options:
2770 -a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys
2772 -k Display interpreted keycodes (default)
2773 -s Display raw scan-codes
2774 slattach
2776 slattach [-cehmLF] [-s SPEED] [-p PROTOCOL] DEVICE
2777 Attach network interface(s) to serial line(s)
2779 Options:
2781 -p PROT Set protocol (slip, cslip, slip6, clisp6 or adaptive)
2783 -s SPD Set line speed
2784 -e Exit after initializing device
2785 -h Exit when the carrier is lost
2786 -c PROG Run PROG when the line is hung up
2787 -m Do NOT initialize the line in raw 8 bits mode
2788 -L Enable 3-wire operation
2789 -F Disable RTS/CTS flow control
2790 sleep
2792 sleep [N]...
2793 Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each
2795 arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours,
2796 or (d)ays
2797 softlimit
2799 softlimit [-a BYTES] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-s BYTES] [-l BYTES]
2800 [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] [-r BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N]
2801 PROG ARGS
2802 Set soft resource limits, then run PROG
2804 Options:
2806 -a BYTES Limit total size of all segments
2808 -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES
2809 -d BYTES Limit data segment
2810 -s BYTES Limit stack segment
2811 -l BYTES Limit locked memory size
2812 -o N Limit number of open files per process
2813 -p N Limit number of processes per uid
2814 Options controlling file sizes:
2815 -f BYTES Limit output file sizes
2817 -c BYTES Limit core file size
2818 Efficiency opts:
2819 -r BYTES Limit resident set size
2821 -t N Limit CPU time, process receives
2822 a SIGXCPU after N seconds
2823 sort
2825 sort [-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt] [-o FILE] [-k
2826 start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]...
2827 Sort lines of text
2829 Options:
2831 -b Ignore leading blanks
2833 -c Check whether input is sorted
2834 -d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only)
2835 -f Ignore case
2836 -g General numerical sort
2837 -i Ignore unprintable characters
2838 -k Sort key
2839 -M Sort month
2840 -n Sort numbers
2841 -o Output to file
2842 -k Sort by key
2843 -t CHAR Key separator
2844 -r Reverse sort order
2845 -s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically)
2846 -u Suppress duplicate lines
2847 -z Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline
2848 -mST Ignored for GNU compatibility
2849 split
2851 split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]]
2852 Options:
2854 -b n[k|m] Split by bytes
2856 -l n Split by lines
2857 -a n Use n letters as suffix
2858 start-stop-daemon
2860 start-stop-daemon [OPTIONS] [-S|-K] ... [-- arguments...]
2861 Search for matching processes, and then -K: stop all matching
2863 processes. -S: start a process unless a matching process is found.
2864 Process matching:
2866 -u,--user USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes
2868 -n,--name NAME Match processes with NAME
2869 in comm field in /proc/PID/stat
2870 -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command
2871 in /proc/PID/cmdline
2872 -p,--pidfile FILE Match a process with PID from the file
2873 All specified conditions must match
2874 -S only:
2875 -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Program to run
2876 -a,--startas NAME Zeroth argument
2877 -b,--background Background
2878 -N,--nicelevel N Change nice level
2879 -c,--chuid USER[:[GRP]] Change to user/group
2880 -m,--make-pidfile Write PID to the pidfile specified by -p
2881 -K only:
2882 -s,--signal SIG Signal to send
2883 -t,--test Match only, exit with 0 if a process is found
2884 Other:
2885 -o,--oknodo Exit with status 0 if nothing is done
2887 -v,--verbose Verbose
2888 -q,--quiet Quiet
2889 stat
2891 stat [OPTIONS] FILE...
2892 Display file (default) or filesystem status
2894 Options:
2896 -c fmt Use the specified format
2898 -f Display filesystem status
2899 -L Dereference links
2900 -t Display info in terse form
2901 Valid format sequences for files:
2903 %a Access rights in octal
2905 %A Access rights in human readable form
2906 %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
2907 %B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
2908 %d Device number in decimal
2909 %D Device number in hex
2910 %f Raw mode in hex
2911 %F File type
2912 %g Group ID of owner
2913 %G Group name of owner
2914 %h Number of hard links
2915 %i Inode number
2916 %n File name
2917 %N Quoted file name with dereference if symlink
2918 %o I/O block size
2919 %s Total size, in bytes
2920 %t Major device type in hex
2921 %T Minor device type in hex
2922 %u User ID of owner
2923 %U User name of owner
2924 %x Time of last access
2925 %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
2926 %y Time of last modification
2927 %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
2928 %z Time of last change
2929 %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
2930 Valid format sequences for file systems:
2932 %a Free blocks available to non-superuser
2934 %b Total data blocks in file system
2935 %c Total file nodes in file system
2936 %d Free file nodes in file system
2937 %f Free blocks in file system
2938 %i File System ID in hex
2939 %l Maximum length of filenames
2940 %n File name
2941 %s Block size (for faster transfer)
2942 %S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
2943 %t Type in hex
2944 %T Type in human readable form
2945 strings
2947 strings [-afo] [-n LEN] [FILE]...
2948 Display printable strings in a binary file
2950 Options:
2952 -a Scan whole file (default)
2954 -f Precede strings with filenames
2955 -n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)
2956 -o Precede strings with decimal offsets
2957 stty
2959 stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...
2960 Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and
2962 deviations from stty sane
2963 Options:
2965 -F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin
2967 -a Print all current settings in human-readable form
2968 -g Print in stty-readable form
2969 [SETTING] See manpage
2970 su su [OPTIONS] [-] [username]
2972 Change user id or become root
2974 Options:
2976 -p, -m Preserve environment
2978 -c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c'
2979 -s SH Shell to use instead of default shell
2980 sulogin
2982 sulogin [OPTIONS] [TTY]
2983 Single user login
2985 Options:
2987 -t N Timeout
2989 sum sum [-rs] [FILE]...
2991 Checksum and count the blocks in a file
2993 Options:
2995 -r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks)
2997 -s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)
2998 sv sv [-v] [-w sec] command service...
3000 Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. Commands (only
3002 first character is enough):
3003 status: query service status up: if service isn't running, start
3005 it. If service stops, restart it once: like 'up', but if service
3006 stops, don't restart it down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run
3007 exits, start ./finish if it exists. After it stops, do not
3008 restart service exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log
3009 service. If they exit, runsv exits too pause, cont, hup,
3010 alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send STOP, CONT, HUP,
3011 ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL signal to service
3012 svlogd
3014 svlogd [-ttv] [-r c] [-R abc] [-l len] [-b buflen] dir...
3015 Continuously read log data from standard input, optionally filter
3017 log messages, and write the data to one or more automatically
3018 rotated logs
3019 swapoff
3021 swapoff [-a] [DEVICE]
3022 Stop swapping on DEVICE
3024 Options:
3026 -a Stop swapping on all swap devices
3028 swapon
3030 swapon [-a] [-p pri] [DEVICE]
3031 Start swapping on DEVICE
3033 Options:
3035 -a Start swapping on all swap devices
3037 -p pri Set swap device priority
3038 switch_root
3040 switch_root [-c /dev/console] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS]
3041 Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:
3043 chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute
3045 NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.
3046 Options:
3048 -c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch
3050 sync
3052 sync
3053 Write all buffered blocks to disk
3055 sysctl
3057 sysctl [OPTIONS] [VALUE]...
3058 Configure kernel parameters at runtime
3060 Options:
3062 -n Don't print key names
3064 -e Don't warn about unknown keys
3065 -w Change sysctl setting
3066 -p FILE Load sysctl settings from FILE (default /etc/sysctl.conf)
3067 -a Display all values
3068 -A Display all values in table form
3069 syslogd
3071 syslogd [OPTIONS]
3072 System logging utility. Note that this version of syslogd ignores
3074 /etc/syslog.conf.
3075 Options:
3077 -n Run in foreground
3079 -O FILE Log to given file (default:/var/log/messages)
3080 -l n Set local log level
3081 -S Smaller logging output
3082 -s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotate (default:200KB, 0=off)
3083 -b NUM Number of rotated logs to keep (default:1, max=99, 0=purge)
3084 -R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP)
3085 -L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R)
3086 -D Drop duplicates
3087 -C[size(KiB)] Log to shared mem buffer (read it using logread)
3088 tac tac [FILE]...
3090 Concatenate FILE(s) and print them in reverse
3092 tail
3094 tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
3095 Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more
3097 than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
3098 With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
3099 Options:
3101 -c N[kbm] Output the last N bytes
3103 -n N[kbm] Print last N lines instead of last 10
3104 -f Output data as the file grows
3105 -q Never output headers giving file names
3106 -s SEC Wait SEC seconds between reads with -f
3107 -v Always output headers giving file names
3108 If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output
3110 begins with the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise,
3111 print the last N items in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k
3112 (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2).
3113 tar tar -[czjaZxtvO] [-X FILE] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [FILE(s)]...
3115 Create, extract, or list files from a tar file
3117 Options:
3119 c Create
3121 x Extract
3122 t List
3123 Archive format selection:
3124 z Filter the archive through gzip
3126 j Filter the archive through bzip2
3127 a Filter the archive through lzma
3128 Z Filter the archive through compress
3129 File selection:
3130 f Name of TARFILE or "-" for stdin
3132 O Extract to stdout
3133 exclude File to exclude
3134 X File with names to exclude
3135 C Change to directory DIR before operation
3136 v Verbose
3137 tcpsvd
3139 tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP
3140 PORT PROG
3141 Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming
3143 connection. Run PROG for each connection.
3144 IP IP to listen on. '0' = all
3146 PORT Port to listen on
3147 PROG [ARGS] Program to run
3148 -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS)
3149 -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind
3150 -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously
3151 -b N Allow a backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs
3152 -C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP
3153 New connections from this IP address are closed
3154 immediately. MSG is written to the peer before close
3155 -h Look up peer's hostname
3156 -E Do not set up environment variables
3157 -v Verbose
3158 tee tee [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
3160 Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output
3162 Options:
3164 -a Append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
3166 -i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)
3167 telnet
3169 telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT]
3170 Connect to telnet server
3172 Options:
3174 -a Automatic login with $USER variable
3176 -l USER Automatic login as USER
3177 telnetd
3179 telnetd [OPTIONS]
3180 Handle incoming telnet connections
3182 Options:
3184 -l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect
3186 -f issue_file Display issue_file instead of /etc/issue
3187 -K Close connection as soon as login exits
3188 (normally wait until all programs close slave pty)
3189 -p PORT Port to listen on
3190 -b ADDR Address to bind to
3191 -F Run in foreground
3192 -i Run as inetd subservice
3193 test
3195 test EXPRESSION ]
3196 Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code
3198 depending on logical value of EXPRESSION
3199 tftp
3201 tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]
3202 Transfer a file from/to tftp server
3204 Options:
3206 -l FILE Local FILE
3208 -r FILE Remote FILE
3209 -g Get file
3210 -p Put file
3211 -b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets
3212 tftpd
3214 tftpd [-cr] [-u USER] [DIR]
3215 Transfer a file on tftp client's request.
3217 tftpd should be used as an inetd service. tftpd's line for
3219 inetd.conf: 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd
3220 /files/to/serve It also can be ran from udpsvd:
3221 udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve
3223 Options:
3225 -r Prohibit upload
3227 -c Allow file creation via upload
3228 -u Access files as USER
3229 time
3231 time [OPTIONS] PROG [ARGS]
3232 Run PROG. When it finishes, its resource usage is displayed.
3234 Options:
3236 -v Verbose
3238 timeout
3240 timeout [-t SECS] [-s SIG] PROG [ARGS]
3241 Runs PROG. Sends SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds.
3243 Defaults: SECS: 10, SIG: TERM.
3244 top top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS]
3246 Provide a view of process activity in real time. Read the status
3248 of all processes from /proc each SECONDS and show the status for
3249 however many processes will fit on the screen.
3250 touch
3252 touch [-c] [-d DATE] FILE [FILE]...
3253 Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s]
3255 Options:
3257 -c Do not create files
3259 -d DT Date/time to use
3260 tr tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]
3262 Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input,
3264 writing to standard output
3265 Options:
3267 -c Take complement of STRING1
3269 -d Delete input characters coded STRING1
3270 -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
3271 traceroute
3273 traceroute [-FIldnrv] [-f 1st_ttl] [-m max_ttl] [-p port#] [-q
3274 nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-t tos] [-w wait] [-g gateway] [-i
3275 iface] [-z pausemsecs] HOST [data size]
3276 Trace the route to HOST
3278 Options:
3280 -F Set the don't fragment bit
3282 -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
3283 -l Display the ttl value of the returned packet
3284 -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket
3285 -n Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically
3286 -r Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host
3287 -v Verbose
3288 -m max_ttl Max time-to-live (max number of hops)
3289 -p port# Base UDP port number used in probes
3290 (default is 33434)
3291 -q nqueries Number of probes per 'ttl' (default 3)
3292 -s src_addr IP address to use as the source address
3293 -t tos Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
3294 -w wait Time in seconds to wait for a response
3295 (default 3 sec)
3296 -g Loose source route gateway (8 max)
3297 true
3299 true
3300 Return an exit code of TRUE (0)
3302 tty tty
3304 Print file name of standard input's terminal
3306 Options:
3308 -s Print nothing, only return exit status
3310 ttysize
3312 ttysize [w] [h]
3313 Print dimension(s) of standard input's terminal, on error return
3315 80x25
3316 tunctl
3318 tunctl [-f device] ([-t name] | -d name) [-u owner] [-g group] [-b]
3319 Create or delete tun interfaces Options:
3321 -f name tun device (/dev/net/tun)
3323 -t name Create iface 'name'
3324 -d name Delete iface 'name'
3325 -u owner Set iface owner
3326 -g group Set iface group
3327 -b Brief output
3328 udhcpc
3330 udhcpc [-Cfbnqtvo] [-c CID] [-V VCLS] [-H HOSTNAME] [-i INTERFACE]
3331 [-p pidfile] [-r IP] [-s script] [-O dhcp-option]... [-P N]
3332 -V,--vendorclass=CLASSID Vendor class identifier
3334 -i,--interface=INTERFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
3335 -H,-h,--hostname=HOSTNAME Client hostname
3336 -c,--clientid=CLIENTID Client identifier
3337 -C,--clientid-none Suppress default client identifier
3338 -p,--pidfile=file Create pidfile
3339 -r,--request=IP IP address to request
3340 -s,--script=file Run file at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script)
3341 -t,--retries=N Send up to N request packets
3342 -T,--timeout=N Try to get a lease for N seconds (default 3)
3343 -A,--tryagain=N Wait N seconds (default 20) after failure
3344 -O,--request-option=OPT Request DHCP option OPT (cumulative)
3345 -o,--no-default-options Do not request any options (unless -O is also given)
3346 -f,--foreground Run in foreground
3347 -b,--background Background if lease is not immediately obtained
3348 -S,--syslog Log to syslog too
3349 -n,--now Exit with failure if lease is not immediately obtained
3350 -q,--quit Quit after obtaining lease
3351 -R,--release Release IP on quit
3352 -P,--client-port N Use port N instead of default 68
3353 -a,--arping Use arping to validate offered address
3354 udhcpd
3356 udhcpd [-fS] [-P N] [configfile]
3357 DHCP server
3359 -f Run in foreground
3361 -S Log to syslog too
3362 -P N Use port N instead of default 67
3363 udpsvd
3365 udpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG
3366 Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait for incoming packets.
3368 Run PROG for each packet, redirecting all further packets with same
3369 peer ip:port to it.
3370 IP IP to listen on. '0' = all
3372 PORT Port to listen on
3373 PROG [ARGS] Program to run
3374 -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS)
3375 -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind
3376 -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously
3377 -h Look up peer's hostname
3378 -E Do not set up environment variables
3379 -v Verbose
3380 umount
3382 umount [flags] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY
3383 Unmount file systems
3385 Options:
3387 -a Unmount all file systems
3389 -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
3390 -l Lazy umount (detach filesystem)
3391 -f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
3392 -d Free loop device if it has been used
3393 uname
3395 uname [-amnrspv]
3396 Print system information.
3398 Options:
3400 -a Print all
3402 -m The machine (hardware) type
3403 -n Hostname
3404 -r OS release
3405 -s OS name (default)
3406 -p Processor type
3407 -v OS version
3408 uncompress
3410 uncompress [-c] [-f] [name...]
3411 Uncompress .Z file[s]
3413 Options:
3415 -c Extract to stdout
3417 -f Overwrite an existing file
3418 unexpand
3420 unexpand [-f][-a][-t NUM] [FILE|-]
3421 Convert spaces to tabs, writing to standard output.
3423 Options:
3425 -a,--all Convert all blanks
3427 -f,--first-only Convert only leading blanks
3428 -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars
3429 uniq
3431 uniq [-fscduw]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
3432 Discard duplicate lines
3434 Options:
3436 -c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences
3438 -d Only print duplicate lines
3439 -u Only print unique lines
3440 -f N Skip first N fields
3441 -s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields)
3442 -w N Compare N characters in line
3443 unix2dos
3445 unix2dos [OPTION] [FILE]
3446 Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is
3448 given, use stdin/stdout.
3449 Options:
3451 -u dos2unix
3453 -d unix2dos
3454 unlzma
3456 unlzma [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
3457 Uncompress FILE (or stdin)
3459 Options:
3461 -c Write to stdout
3463 -f Force
3464 unxz
3466 unxz [OPTIONS] [FILE]
3467 Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-' or omitted)
3469 Options:
3471 -c Write to standard output
3473 -f Force
3474 unzip
3476 unzip [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist] [-d exdir]
3477 Extract files from ZIP archives
3479 Options:
3481 -l List archive contents (with -q for short form)
3483 -n Never overwrite existing files (default)
3484 -o Overwrite files without prompting
3485 -p Send output to stdout
3486 -q Quiet
3487 -x Exclude these files
3488 -d Extract files into this directory
3489 uptime
3491 uptime
3492 Display the time since the last boot
3494 usleep
3496 usleep N
3497 Pause for N microseconds
3499 uudecode
3501 uudecode [-o outfile] [infile]
3502 Uudecode a file Finds outfile name in uuencoded source unless -o is
3504 given
3505 uuencode
3507 uuencode [-m] [infile] stored_filename
3508 Uuencode a file to stdout
3510 Options:
3512 -m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521
3514 vconfig
3516 vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS]
3517 Create and remove virtual ethernet devices
3519 Options:
3521 add [interface-name] [vlan_id]
3523 rem [vlan-name]
3524 set_flag [interface-name] [flag-num] [0 | 1]
3525 set_egress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
3526 set_ingress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
3527 set_name_type [name-type]
3528 vi vi [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
3530 Edit FILE
3532 Options:
3534 -c Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available)
3536 -R Read-only - do not write to the file
3537 -H Short help regarding available features
3538 vlock
3540 vlock [OPTIONS]
3541 Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock.
3543 Options:
3545 -a Lock all VTs
3547 volname
3549 volname [DEVICE]
3550 Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom)
3552 watch
3554 watch [-n seconds] [-t] PROG [ARGS]
3555 Run PROG periodically
3557 Options:
3559 -n Loop period in seconds (default 2)
3561 -t Don't print header
3562 watchdog
3564 watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV
3565 Periodically write to watchdog device DEV
3567 Options:
3569 -T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60)
3571 -t N Reset every N seconds (default 30)
3572 -F Run in foreground
3573 Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds
3575 wc wc [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
3577 Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line
3579 if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard
3580 input.
3581 Options:
3583 -c Print the byte counts
3585 -l Print the newline counts
3586 -L Print the length of the longest line
3587 -w Print the word counts
3588 wget
3590 wget [-c|--continue] [-s|--spider] [-q|--quiet]
3591 [-O|--output-document file] [--header 'header: value']
3592 [-Y|--proxy on/off] [-P DIR] [-U|--user-agent agent] url
3593 Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP
3595 Options:
3597 -s Spider mode - only check file existence
3599 -c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer
3600 -q Quiet
3601 -P Set directory prefix to DIR
3602 -O Save to filename ('-' for stdout)
3603 -U Adjust 'User-Agent' field
3604 -Y Use proxy ('on' or 'off')
3605 which
3607 which [COMMAND]...
3608 Locate a COMMAND
3610 who who [-a]
3612 Show who is logged on
3614 Options:
3616 -a show all
3618 whoami
3620 whoami
3621 Print the user name associated with the current effective user id
3623 xargs
3625 xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG [ARGS]]
3626 Run PROG on every item given by standard input
3628 Options:
3630 -p Ask user whether to run each command
3632 -r Do not run command if input is empty
3633 -0 Input is separated by NUL characters
3634 -t Print the command on stderr before execution
3635 -e[STR] STR stops input processing
3636 -n N Pass no more than N args to PROG
3637 -s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes
3638 -x Exit if size is exceeded
3639 xzcat
3641 xzcat FILE
3642 Uncompress to stdout
3644 yes yes [OPTIONS] [STRING]
3646 Repeatedly output a line with STRING, or 'y'
3648 zcat
3650 zcat FILE
3651 Uncompress to stdout
3653 zcip
3655 zcip [OPTIONS] IFACE SCRIPT
3656 Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address
3658 Options:
3660 -f Run in foreground
3662 -q Quit after obtaining address
3663 -r 169.254.x.x Request this address first
3664 -v Verbose
3665 With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, exits
3667 only on I/O errors (link down etc)
3668
3670 GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the
3671 behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure
3672 how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information.
3673 This is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and
3674 using one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to
3675 avoid using any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however,
3676 such as login and su, will use libc functions that require NSS.
3677 If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal
3679 functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and
3680 /etc/shadow files without using NSS. This may allow you to run your
3681 system without the need for installing any of the NSS configuration
3682 files and libraries.
3683 When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly
3685 require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in
3686 particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*,
3687 and /lib/libresolv*).
3688 Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as
3690 uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller,
3691 uClibc does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.
3692
3694 Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
3695
3697 The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know
3698 it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should
3699 probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory.
3700 If you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done
3701 needs more detail, or is incorect, please send in an update.
3702 Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it>
3704 run-parts
3705 Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>
3707 Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
3709 core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
3710 Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that
3711 nobody is going to actually read.
3712 Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk>
3714 rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm
3716 Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com>
3718 ftpput, ftpget
3720 Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>
3722 expr, hostid, logname, whoami
3724 John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org>
3726 du, nslookup, sort
3728 Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
3730 tiny-ls(ls)
3732 Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
3734 fbset, ping, hostname
3736 Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
3738 more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
3740 various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance
3741 Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>
3743 ipcalc
3745 Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se>
3747 tftp client insmod powerpc support
3749 Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>
3751 pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.
3753 Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org>
3755 httpd
3757 Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com>
3759 Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support,
3761 logread), various fixes.
3762 Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
3764 cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.
3766 Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>
3768 mktemp.c
3770 Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu>
3772 documentation, bugfixes, test suite
3774 Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net>
3776 ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence
3778 John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>
3780 tr
3782 Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au>
3784 Common unarchving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput,
3786 nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode.
3787 Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.
3788 Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org>
3790 cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes,
3792 mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string,
3793 get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines
3794 also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in
3796 ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir,
3797 mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable,
3798 interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route
3799 Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
3801 cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current);
3803 ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top;
3804 locale, various fixes
3805 and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.
3806 Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>
3808 Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can
3810 still be found hiding here and there...
3811 Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>
3813 bug fixes, member of fan club
3815 Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com>
3817 reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.
3819 Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>
3821 wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications
3823 Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
3825 Lots of bugs fixes and patches.
3827 Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>
3829 Remote logging feature for syslogd
3831 Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
3833 mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix
3835 Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org>
3837 grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous),
3839 style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.
3840 Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>
3842 gzip, mini-netcat(nc)
3844 Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>
3846 tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance
3848 Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it>
3850 devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.
3852version 1.15.1 2015-02-19 BUSYBOX(1)