1BUSYBOX(1) BusyBox BUSYBOX(1)
2
6 BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
7
9 busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or
10 <applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked
12
14 BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a
15 single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most
16 of the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc.
17 The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-
18 featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide
19 the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU
20 counterparts.
21 BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources
23 in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or
24 exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to
25 customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add
26 /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete
27 POSIX environment for any small or embedded system.
28 BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the
30 components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or
31 'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable.
32 Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.
33 After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to
35 install BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the
36 target directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set
37 when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at
38 install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make
39 CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet
40 installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also
41 be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.
42
44 BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable
45 program that performs the same job as more than one utility program.
46 That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single
47 binary acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to
48 be smaller since all the built-in utility programs (we call them
49 applets) can share code for many common operations.
50 You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the
52 command line. For example, entering
53 /bin/busybox ls
55 will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.
57 Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful.
59 So most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.
60 For example, entering
62 ln -s /bin/busybox ls
64 ./ls
65 will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been
67 compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to
68 make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this
69 for you when you run the 'make install' command.
70 If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a
72 list of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.
73
75 Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse
76 runtime description of their behavior. If the
77 CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed
78 usage information will also be available.
79
81 Currently available applets include:
82 [, [[, acpid, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arp, arping, ash,
84 awk, basename, beep, blkid, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat,
85 catv, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot,
86 chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, cp, cpio, crond, crontab,
87 cryptpw, cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser,
88 depmod, devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd,
89 dnsdomainname, dos2unix, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep,
90 eject, env, envdir, envuidgid, ether-wake, expand, expr, fakeidentd,
91 false, fbset, fbsplash, fdflush, fdformat, fdisk, fgrep, find,
92 findfs, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, fsync, ftpd,
93 ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getopt, getty, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, hd,
94 hdparm, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, id,
95 ifconfig, ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, insmod,
96 install, ionice, ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, iproute,
97 iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd, last,
98 length, less, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap,
99 logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr, ls, lsattr,
100 lsmod, lzmacat, makedevs, makemime, man, md5sum, mdev, mesg,
101 microcom, mkdir, mkdosfs, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat, mknod,
102 mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, msh,
103 mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nice, nmeter, nohup, nslookup, od,
104 openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress,
105 pivot_root, pkill, popmaildir, poweroff, printenv, printf, ps,
106 pscan, pwd, raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readahead, readlink,
107 readprofile, realpath, reboot, reformime, renice, reset, resize, rm,
108 rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, rtcwake, run-parts, runlevel,
109 runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, scriptreplay, sed, sendmail, seq,
110 setarch, setconsole, setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setsid,
111 setuidgid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, showkey, slattach,
112 sleep, softlimit, sort, split, start-stop-daemon, stat, strings,
113 stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv, svlogd, swapoff, swapon, switch_root,
114 sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, telnetd,
115 test, tftp, tftpd, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true,
116 tty, ttysize, tunctl, udhcpc, udhcpd, udpsvd, umount, uname,
117 uncompress, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlzma, unzip, uptime, usleep,
118 uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, volname, watch, watchdog,
119 wc, wget, which, who, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat, zcip
120
122 acpid
123 acpid [-d] [-c CONFDIR] [-l LOGFILE] [-e PROC_EVENT_FILE]
124 [EVDEV_EVENT_FILE...]
125 Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival
127 Options:
129 -d Do not daemonize and log to stderr
131 -c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi]
132 -e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event]
133 -l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid]
134 Accept and ignore compatibility options -g -m -s -S -v
136 addgroup
138 addgroup [-g GID] [user_name] group_name
139 Add a group or add a user to a group
141 Options:
143 -g GID Group id
145 -S Create a system group
146 adduser
148 adduser [OPTIONS] user_name
149 Add a user
151 Options:
153 -h DIR Home directory
155 -g GECOS GECOS field
156 -s SHELL Login shell
157 -G GRP Add user to existing group
158 -S Create a system user
159 -D Do not assign a password
160 -H Do not create home directory
161 -u UID User id
162 adjtimex
164 adjtimex [-q] [-o offset] [-f frequency] [-p timeconstant] [-t
165 tick]
166 Read and optionally set system timebase parameters. See
168 adjtimex(2).
169 Options:
171 -q Quiet
173 -o offset Time offset, microseconds
174 -f frequency Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm)
175 (positive values make clock run faster)
176 -t tick Microseconds per tick, usually 10000
177 -p timeconstant
178 ar ar [-o] [-v] [-p] [-t] [-x] ARCHIVE FILES
180 Extract or list FILES from an ar archive
182 Options:
184 -o Preserve original dates
186 -p Extract to stdout
187 -t List
188 -x Extract
189 -v Verbose
190 arp arp [-vn] [-H type] [-i if] -a [hostname] [-v] [-i if]
192 -d hostname [pub] [-v] [-H type] [-i if] -s hostname hw_addr [temp]
193 [-v] [-H type] [-i if] -s hostname hw_addr [netmask nm] pub
194 [-v] [-H type] [-i if] -Ds hostname ifa [netmask nm] pub
195 Manipulate ARP cache
197 Options:
199 -a Display (all) hosts
201 -s Set new ARP entry
202 -d Delete a specified entry
203 -v Verbose
204 -n Don't resolve names
205 -i IF Network interface
206 -D Read <hwaddr> from given device
207 -A, -p AF Protocol family
208 -H HWTYPE Hardware address type
209 arping
211 arping [-fqbDUA] [-c count] [-w timeout] [-I dev] [-s sender]
212 target
213 Send ARP requests/replies
215 Options:
217 -f Quit on first ARP reply
219 -q Quiet
220 -b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast
221 -D Duplicated address detection mode
222 -U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors
223 -A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors
224 -c N Stop after sending N ARP requests
225 -w timeout Time to wait for ARP reply, in seconds
226 -I dev Interface to use (default eth0)
227 -s sender Sender IP address
228 target Target IP address
229 awk awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]...
231 Options:
233 -v VAR=VAL Set variable
235 -F SEP Use SEP as field separator
236 -f FILE Read program from file
237 basename
239 basename FILE [SUFFIX]
240 Strip directory path and suffixes from FILE. If specified, also
242 remove any trailing SUFFIX.
243 beep
245 beep -f freq -l length -d delay -r repetitions -n
246 Options:
248 -f Frequency in Hz
250 -l Length in ms
251 -d Delay in ms
252 -r Repetitions
253 -n Start new tone
254 blkid
256 blkid
257 Print UUIDs of all filesystems
259 brctl
261 brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [INTERFACE]]
262 Manage ethernet bridges.
264 Commands:
266 show Show a list of bridges
268 addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE
269 delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE
270 addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE
271 delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE
272 setageing BRIDGE TIME Set ageing time
273 setfd BRIDGE TIME Set bridge forward delay
274 sethello BRIDGE TIME Set hello time
275 setmaxage BRIDGE TIME Set max message age
276 setpathcost BRIDGE COST Set path cost
277 setportprio BRIDGE PRIO Set port priority
278 setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority
279 stp BRIDGE [1|0] STP on/off
280 bunzip2
282 bunzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]
283 Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-' or omitted)
285 Options:
287 -c Write to standard output
289 -f Force
290 bzcat
292 bzcat FILE
293 Uncompress to stdout
295 bzip2
297 bzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
298 Compress FILE(s) with bzip2 algorithm. When FILE is '-' or
300 unspecified, reads standard input. Implies -c.
301 Options:
303 -c Write to standard output
305 -d Decompress
306 -f Force
307 -1..-9 Compression level
308 cal cal [-jy] [[month] year]
310 Display a calendar
312 Options:
314 -j Use julian dates
316 -y Display the entire year
317 cat cat [-u] [FILE]...
319 Concatenate FILE(s) and print them to stdout
321 Options:
323 -u Use unbuffered i/o (ignored)
325 catv
327 catv [-etv] [FILE]...
328 Display nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x
330 Options:
332 -e End each line with $
334 -t Show tabs as ^I
335 -v Don't use ^x or M-x escapes
336 chat
338 chat EXPECT [SEND [EXPECT [SEND...]]]
339 Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. A
341 script consists of one or more "expect-send" pairs of strings, each
342 pair is a pair of arguments. Example: chat '' ATZ OK ATD123456
343 CONNECT '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~'
344 chattr
346 chattr [-R] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] [-v version] files...
347 Change file attributes on an ext2 fs
349 Modifiers:
351 - Remove attributes
353 + Add attributes
354 = Set attributes
355 Attributes:
356 A Don't track atime
358 a Append mode only
359 c Enable compress
360 D Write dir contents synchronously
361 d Do not backup with dump
362 i Cannot be modified (immutable)
363 j Write all data to journal first
364 s Zero disk storage when deleted
365 S Write file contents synchronously
366 t Disable tail-merging of partial blocks with other files
367 u Allow file to be undeleted
368 Options:
369 -R Recursively list subdirectories
371 -v Set the file's version/generation number
372 chgrp
374 chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE...
375 Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP
377 Options:
379 -R Recurse directories
381 -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
382 -L Traverse all symlinks to directories
383 -H Traverse symlinks on command line only
384 -P Do not traverse symlinks (default)
385 -c List changed files
386 -v Verbose
387 -f Hide errors
388 chmod
390 chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
391 Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols
393 +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst
394 Options:
396 -R Recurse directories
398 -c List changed files
399 -v List all files
400 -f Hide errors
401 chown
403 chown [-RhLHPcvf]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE...
404 Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP
406 Options:
408 -R Recurse directories
410 -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
411 -L Traverse all symlinks to directories
412 -H Traverse symlinks on command line only
413 -P Do not traverse symlinks (default)
414 -c List changed files
415 -v List all files
416 -f Hide errors
417 chpasswd
419 chpasswd [--md5|--encrypted]
420 Read user:password information from stdin and update /etc/passwd
422 accordingly.
423 Options:
425 -e,--encrypted Supplied passwords are in encrypted form
427 -m,--md5 Use MD5 encryption instead of DES
428 chpst
430 chpst [-vP012] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-U USER[:GRP]] [-e DIR] [-/
431 DIR] [-n NICE] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-f BYTES]
432 [-c BYTES] PROG ARGS
433 Change the process state and run PROG
435 Options:
437 -u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid
439 -U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment
440 -e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files
441 in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file
442 -/ DIR Chroot to DIR
443 -n NICE Add NICE to nice value
444 -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES
445 -d BYTES Limit data segment
446 -o N Limit number of open files per process
447 -p N Limit number of processes per uid
448 -f BYTES Limit output file sizes
449 -c BYTES Limit core file size
450 -v Verbose
451 -P Create new process group
452 -0 Close standard input
453 -1 Close standard output
454 -2 Close standard error
455 chroot
457 chroot NEWROOT [PROG [ARGS]]
458 Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT
460 chrt
462 chrt [OPTIONS] [PRIO] [PID | PROG [ARGS]]
463 Manipulate real-time attributes of a process
465 Options:
467 -p Operate on pid
469 -r Set scheduling policy to SCHED_RR
470 -f Set scheduling policy to SCHED_FIFO
471 -o Set scheduling policy to SCHED_OTHER
472 -m Show min and max priorities
473 chvt
475 chvt N
476 Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
478 cksum
480 cksum FILES...
481 Calculate the CRC32 checksums of FILES
483 clear
485 clear
486 Clear screen
488 cmp cmp [-l] [-s] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]]
490 Compares FILE1 vs stdin if FILE2 is not specified
492 Options:
494 -l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal)
496 for all differing bytes
497 -s Quiet
498 comm
500 comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2
501 Compare FILE1 to FILE2, or to stdin if - is specified
503 Options:
505 -1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1
507 -2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2
508 -3 Suppress lines common to both files
509 cp cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST
511 Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY
513 Options:
515 -a Same as -dpR
517 -d,-P Preserve links
518 -H,-L Dereference all symlinks (default)
519 -p Preserve file attributes if possible
520 -f Force overwrite
521 -i Prompt before overwrite
522 -R,-r Recurse directories
523 -l,-s Create (sym)links
524 cpio
526 cpio -[tiopdmvu] [-F FILE] [-H newc]
527 Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or create a cpio archive
529 Main operation mode:
530 -t List
532 -i Extract
533 -o Create
534 -p Passthrough
535 Options:
536 -d Make leading directories
538 -m Preserve mtime
539 -v Verbose
540 -u Overwrite
541 -F Input file
542 -H Define format
543 crond
545 crond -fbS -l N -d N -L LOGFILE -c DIR
546 -f Foreground
548 -b Background (default)
549 -S Log to syslog (default)
550 -l Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8
551 -d Set log level, log to stderr
552 -L Log to file
553 -c Working dir
554 crontab
556 crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE]
557 -c Crontab directory
559 -u User
560 -l List crontab
561 -e Edit crontab
562 -r Delete crontab
563 FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)
564 cryptpw
566 cryptpw [OPTIONS] [PASSWORD] [SALT]
567 Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)
569 Options:
571 -P,--password-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM
573 -m,--method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE
574 -S,--salt=SALT
575 cut cut [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
577 Print selected fields from each input FILE to standard output
579 Options:
581 -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
583 -c LIST Output only characters from LIST
584 -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
585 -s Output only the lines containing delimiter
586 -f N Print only these fields
587 -n Ignored
588 date
590 date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [TIME]
591 Display time (using +FMT), or set time
593 Options:
595 [-s] TIME Set time to TIME
597 -u Work in UTC (don't convert to local time)
598 -R Output RFC-822 compliant date string
599 -I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 compliant date string
600 SPEC='date' (default) for date only,
601 'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and
602 time to the indicated precision
603 -r FILE Display last modification time of FILE
604 -d TIME Display TIME, not 'now'
605 -D FMT Use FMT for -d TIME conversion
606 Recognized TIME formats:
608 hh:mm[:ss]
610 [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss]
611 YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss]
612 [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]
613 dc dc expression...
615 Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: +, add, -, sub, *, mul, /, div, %,
617 mod, **, exp, and, or, not, eor, p - print top of the stack
618 (without altering the stack), f - print entire stack, o - pop the
619 value and set output radix (value must be 10 or 16). Examples: 'dc
620 2 2 add' -> 4, 'dc 8 8 * 2 2 + /' -> 16.
621 dd dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N] [obs=N] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N]
623 [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync]
624 Copy a file with converting and formatting
626 Options:
628 if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
630 of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout
631 bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time
632 ibs=N Read N bytes at a time
633 obs=N Write N bytes at a time
634 count=N Copy only N input blocks
635 skip=N Skip N input blocks
636 seek=N Skip N output blocks
637 conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file
638 conv=noerror Continue after read errors
639 conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros
640 conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing
641 Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k
643 (x1024), MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G
644 (x1073741824)
645 deallocvt
647 deallocvt [N]
648 Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
650 delgroup
652 delgroup [USER] GROUP
653 Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP
655 deluser
657 deluser USER
658 Delete USER from the system
660 devmem
662 devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]]
663 Read/write from physical address
665 ADDRESS Address to act upon
667 WIDTH Width (8/16/...)
668 VALUE Data to be written
669 df df [-Pkmhai] [-B SIZE] [FILESYSTEM...]
671 Print filesystem usage statistics
673 Options:
675 -P POSIX output format
677 -k 1024-byte blocks (default)
678 -m 1M-byte blocks
679 -h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G)
680 -a Show all filesystems
681 -i Inodes
682 -B SIZE Blocksize
683 dhcprelay
685 dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2...] SERVER_IFACE [SERVER_IP]
686 Relay DHCP requests between clients and server
688 diff
690 diff [-abdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2
691 Compare files line by line and output the differences between them.
693 This implementation supports unified diffs only.
694 Options:
696 -a Treat all files as text
698 -b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace
699 -d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes
700 -i Ignore case differences
701 -L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header
702 -N Treat absent files as empty
703 -q Output only whether files differ
704 -r Recursively compare subdirectories
705 -S Start with FILE when comparing directories
706 -T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary
707 -s Report when two files are the same
708 -t Expand tabs to spaces in output
709 -U Output LINES lines of context
710 -w Ignore all whitespace
711 dirname
713 dirname FILENAME
714 Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME
716 dmesg
718 dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]
719 Print or control the kernel ring buffer
721 Options:
723 -c Clear ring buffer after printing
725 -n LEVEL Set console logging level
726 -s SIZE Buffer size
727 dnsd
729 dnsd [-c config] [-t seconds] [-p port] [-i iface-ip] [-d]
730 Small static DNS server daemon
732 Options:
734 -c Config filename
736 -t TTL in seconds
737 -p Listening port
738 -i Listening ip (default all)
739 -d Daemonize
740 dos2unix
742 dos2unix [OPTION] [FILE]
743 Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is
745 given, use stdin/stdout.
746 Options:
748 -u dos2unix
750 -d unix2dos
751 du du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...
753 Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk
755 space is printed in units of 1024 bytes.
756 Options:
758 -a Show file sizes too
760 -H Follow symlinks on command line
761 -L Follow all symlinks
762 -d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N
763 -c Show grand total
764 -l Count sizes many times if hard linked
765 -s Display only a total for each argument
766 -x Skip directories on different filesystems
767 -h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
768 -m Sizes in megabytes
769 -k Sizes in kilobytes (default)
770 dumpkmap
772 dumpkmap > keymap
773 Print a binary keyboard translation table to standard output
775 dumpleases
777 dumpleases [-r|-a] [-f LEASEFILE]
778 Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd
780 Options:
782 -f,--file=FILE Leases file to load
784 -r,--remaining Interpret lease times as time remaining
785 -a,--absolute Interpret lease times as expire time
786 echo
788 echo [-neE] [ARG...]
789 Print the specified ARGs to stdout
791 Options:
793 -n Suppress trailing newline
795 -e Interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e., \t=tab)
796 -E Disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters
797 ed ed
799 eject
801 eject [-t] [-T] [DEVICE]
802 Eject specified DEVICE (or default /dev/cdrom)
804 Options:
806 -s SCSI device
808 -t Close tray
809 -T Open/close tray (toggle)
810 env env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [PROG [ARGS]]
812 Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up the
814 specified environment
815 Options:
817 -, -i Start with an empty environment
819 -u Remove variable from the environment
820 envdir
822 envdir dir prog args
823 Set various environment variables as specified by files in the
825 directory dir and run PROG
826 envuidgid
828 envuidgid account prog args
829 Set $UID to account's uid and $GID to account's gid and run PROG
831 ether-wake
833 ether-wake [-b] [-i iface] [-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]] MAC
834 Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines. MAC must be a
836 station address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or a hostname with a known
837 'ethers' entry.
838 Options:
840 -b Send wake-up packet to the broadcast address
842 -i iface Interface to use (default eth0)
843 -p pass Append four or six byte password PW to the packet
844 expand
846 expand [-i] [-t NUM] [FILE|-]
847 Convert tabs to spaces, writing to standard output.
849 Options:
851 -i,--initial Do not convert tabs after non blanks
853 -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars
854 expr
856 expr EXPRESSION
857 Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output.
859 EXPRESSION may be:
861 ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
863 ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
864 ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly:
865 ARG1 <= ARG2
866 ARG1 = ARG2
867 ARG1 != ARG2
868 ARG1 >= ARG2
869 ARG1 > ARG2
870 ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:
871 ARG1 - ARG2
872 ARG1 * ARG2
873 ARG1 / ARG2
874 ARG1 % ARG2
875 STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
876 match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP
877 substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
878 index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
879 length STRING Length of STRING
880 quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
881 it is a keyword like 'match' or an
882 operator like '/'
883 (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION
884 Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
886 Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
887 lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
888 \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the
889 number of characters matched or 0.
890 fakeidentd
892 fakeidentd [-fiw] [-b ADDR] [STRING]
893 Provide fake ident (auth) service
895 Options:
897 -f Run in foreground
899 -i Inetd mode
900 -w Inetd 'wait' mode
901 -b ADDR Bind to specified address
902 STRING Ident answer string (default is 'nobody')
903 false
905 false
906 Return an exit code of FALSE (1)
908 fbset
910 fbset [OPTIONS] [MODE]
911 Show and modify frame buffer settings
913 fbsplash
915 fbsplash -s IMGFILE [-c] [-d DEV] [-i INIFILE] [-f CMD]
916 Options:
918 -s Image
920 -c Hide cursor
921 -d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0)
922 -i Config file (var=value):
923 BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT
924 BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B
925 -f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image)
926 commands: 'NN' (% for progress bar) or 'exit'
927 fdflush
929 fdflush DEVICE
930 Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change
932 fdformat
934 fdformat [-n] DEVICE
935 Format floppy disk
937 Options:
939 -n Don't verify after format
941 fdisk
943 fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] DISK
944 Change partition table
946 Options:
948 -u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders)
950 -l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit
951 -b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors
952 -C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors
953 -H HEADS
954 -S SECTORS
956 find
958 find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION]
959 Search for files. The default PATH is the current directory,
961 default EXPRESSION is '-print'
962 EXPRESSION may consist of:
964 -follow Dereference symlinks
966 -xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems
967 -maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies
968 tests/actions to command line arguments only
969 -mindepth N Do not act on first N levels
970 -name PATTERN File name (w/o directory name) matches PATTERN
971 -iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name
972 -path PATTERN Path matches PATTERN
973 -regex PATTERN Path matches regex PATTERN
974 -type X File type is X (X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...)
975 -perm NNN Permissions match any of (+NNN), all of (-NNN),
976 or exactly (NNN)
977 -mtime DAYS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
978 or exactly (N) days
979 -mmin MINS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
980 or exactly (N) minutes
981 -newer FILE Modified time is more recent than FILE's
982 -inum N File has inode number N
983 -user NAME File is owned by user NAME (numeric user ID allowed)
984 -group NAME File belongs to group NAME (numeric group ID allowed)
985 -depth Process directory name after traversing it
986 -size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)).
987 +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N
988 -print Print (default and assumed)
989 -print0 Delimit output with null characters rather than
990 newlines
991 -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by the
992 matching files
993 -prune Stop traversing current subtree
994 -delete Delete files, turns on -depth option
995 (EXPR) Group an expression
996 findfs
998 findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid
999 Find a filesystem device based on a label or UUID
1001 fold
1003 fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]
1004 Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing
1006 to standard output
1007 Options:
1009 -b Count bytes rather than columns
1011 -s Break at spaces
1012 -w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80
1013 free
1015 free
1016 Display the amount of free and used system memory
1018 freeramdisk
1020 freeramdisk DEVICE
1021 Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk
1023 fsck
1025 fsck [-ANPRTV] [-C fd] [-t fstype] [fs-options] [filesys...]
1026 Check and repair filesystems
1028 Options:
1030 -A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems
1032 -N Don't execute, just show what would be done
1033 -P With -A, check filesystems in parallel
1034 -R With -A, skip the root filesystem
1035 -T Don't show title on startup
1036 -V Verbose
1037 -C n Write status information to specified filedescriptor
1038 -t type List of filesystem types to check
1039 fsck.minix
1041 fsck.minix [-larvsmf] /dev/name
1042 Check MINIX filesystem
1044 Options:
1046 -l List all filenames
1048 -r Perform interactive repairs
1049 -a Perform automatic repairs
1050 -v Verbose
1051 -s Output superblock information
1052 -m Show "mode not cleared" warnings
1053 -f Force file system check
1054 fsync
1056 fsync [OPTIONS] FILE...Write files' buffered blocks to disk
1057 Options:
1059 -d Avoid syncing metadata
1061 ftpd
1063 ftpd [-wvS] [-t N] [-T N] [DIR]
1064 FTP server
1066 ftpd should be used as an inetd service. ftpd's line for
1068 inetd.conf: 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd
1069 /files/to/serve It also can be ran from tcpsvd:
1070 tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve
1072 Options:
1074 -w Allow upload
1076 -v Log to stderr
1077 -S Log to syslog
1078 -t,-T Idle and absolute timeouts
1079 DIR Change root to this directory
1080 ftpget
1082 ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST LOCAL_FILE REMOTE_FILE
1083 Retrieve a remote file via FTP
1085 Options:
1087 -c,--continue Continue previous transfer
1089 -v,--verbose Verbose
1090 -u,--username Username
1091 -p,--password Password
1092 -P,--port Port number
1093 ftpput
1095 ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST REMOTE_FILE LOCAL_FILE
1096 Store a local file on a remote machine via FTP
1098 Options:
1100 -v,--verbose Verbose
1102 -u,--username Username
1103 -p,--password Password
1104 -P,--port Port number
1105 fuser
1107 fuser [OPTIONS] FILE or PORT/PROTO
1108 Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs
1110 Options:
1112 -m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs
1114 -4 Search only IPv4 space
1115 -6 Search only IPv6 space
1116 -s Silent: just exit with 0 if any processes are found
1117 -k Kill found processes (otherwise display PIDs)
1118 -SIGNAL Signal to send (default: TERM)
1119 getopt
1121 getopt [OPTIONS]
1122 Parse options
1124 -a,--alternative Allow long options starting with single -
1126 -l,--longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized
1127 -n,--name=progname The name under which errors are reported
1128 -o,--options=optstring Short options to be recognized
1129 -q,--quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3)
1130 -Q,--quiet-output No normal output
1131 -s,--shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions
1132 -T,--test Test for getopt(1) version
1133 -u,--unquoted Don't quote the output
1134 getty
1136 getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE TTY [TERMTYPE]
1137 Open a tty, prompt for a login name, then invoke /bin/login
1139 Options:
1141 -h Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control
1143 -i Do not display /etc/issue before running login
1144 -L Local line, do not do carrier detect
1145 -m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message
1146 -w Wait for a CR or LF before sending /etc/issue
1147 -n Do not prompt the user for a login name
1148 -f issue_file Display issue_file instead of /etc/issue
1149 -l login_app Invoke login_app instead of /bin/login
1150 -t timeout Terminate after timeout if no username is read
1151 -I initstring Init string to send before anything else
1152 -H login_host Log login_host into the utmp file as the hostname
1153 grep
1155 grep [-HhrilLnqvsoweFEABCz] PATTERN [FILE]...
1156 Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input
1158 Options:
1160 -H Prefix output lines with filename where match was found
1162 -h Suppress the prefixing filename on output
1163 -r Recurse subdirectories
1164 -i Ignore case distinctions
1165 -l List names of files that match
1166 -L List names of files that do not match
1167 -n Print line number with output lines
1168 -q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise
1169 -v Select non-matching lines
1170 -s Suppress file open/read error messages
1171 -c Only print count of matching lines
1172 -o Show only the part of a line that matches PATTERN
1173 -m MAX Match up to MAX times per file
1174 -w Match whole words only
1175 -F PATTERN is a set of newline-separated strings
1176 -E PATTERN is an extended regular expression
1177 -e PTRN Pattern to match
1178 -f FILE Read pattern from file
1179 -A Print NUM lines of trailing context
1180 -B Print NUM lines of leading context
1181 -C Print NUM lines of output context
1182 -z Input is NUL terminated
1183 gunzip
1185 gunzip [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
1186 Uncompress FILEs (or standard input)
1188 Options:
1190 -c Write to standard output
1192 -f Force
1193 -t Test file integrity
1194 gzip
1196 gzip [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
1197 Compress FILEs (or standard input)
1199 Options:
1201 -c Write to standard output
1203 -d Decompress
1204 -f Force
1205 halt
1207 halt [-d delay] [-n] [-f] [-w]
1208 Halt the system
1210 Options:
1212 -d Delay interval for halting
1214 -n No call to sync()
1215 -f Force halt (don't go through init)
1216 -w Only write a wtmp record
1217 hd hd FILE...
1219 hd is an alias for hexdump -C
1221 hdparm
1223 hdparm [OPTIONS] [DEVICE]
1224 Options:
1226 -a Get/set fs readahead
1228 -A Set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1)
1229 -b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate)
1230 -B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255)
1231 -c Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting
1232 -C Check IDE power mode status
1233 -d Get/set using_dma flag
1234 -D Enable/disable drive defect-mgmt
1235 -f Flush buffer cache for device on exit
1236 -g Display drive geometry
1237 -h Display terse usage information
1238 -i Display drive identification
1239 -I Detailed/current information directly from drive
1240 -k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1)
1241 -K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1)
1242 -L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only)
1243 -m Get/set multiple sector count
1244 -n Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1)
1245 -p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...)
1246 -P Set drive prefetch count
1247 -Q Get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported)
1248 -r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set)
1249 -R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
1250 -S Set standby (spindown) timeout
1251 -t Perform device read timings
1252 -T Perform cache read timings
1253 -u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1)
1254 -U Un-register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
1255 -v Defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives
1256 -V Display program version and exit immediately
1257 -w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS)
1258 -W Set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
1259 -x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
1260 -X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS)
1261 -y Put IDE drive in standby mode
1262 -Y Put IDE drive to sleep
1263 -Z Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode
1264 -z Re-read partition table
1265 head
1267 head [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
1268 Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more
1270 than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
1271 With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
1272 Options:
1274 -n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10
1276 -c NUM Output the first NUM bytes
1277 -q Never output headers giving file names
1278 -v Always output headers giving file names
1279 hexdump
1281 hexdump [-bcCdefnosvxR] FILE...
1282 Display file(s) or standard input in a user specified format
1284 Options:
1286 -b One-byte octal display
1288 -c One-byte character display
1289 -C Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line
1290 -d Two-byte decimal display
1291 -e FORMAT STRING
1292 -f FORMAT FILE
1293 -n LENGTH Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input
1294 -o Two-byte octal display
1295 -s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes
1296 -v Display all input data
1297 -x Two-byte hexadecimal display
1298 -R Reverse of 'hexdump -Cv'
1299 hostid
1301 hostid
1302 Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine
1304 hostname
1306 hostname [OPTIONS] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE]
1307 Get or set hostname or DNS domain name
1309 Options:
1311 -s Short
1313 -i Addresses for the hostname
1314 -d DNS domain name
1315 -f Fully qualified domain name
1316 -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname
1317 httpd
1319 httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r
1320 REALM] [-h HOME] or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING
1321 Listen for incoming HTTP requests
1323 Options:
1325 -i Inetd mode
1327 -f Do not daemonize
1328 -v[v] Verbose
1329 -c FILE Configuration file (default httpd.conf)
1330 -p [IP:]PORT Bind to ip:port (default *:80)
1331 -u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port
1332 -r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication
1333 -h HOME Home directory (default .)
1334 -m STRING MD5 crypt STRING
1335 -e STRING HTML encode STRING
1336 -d STRING URL decode STRING
1337 hwclock
1339 hwclock [-r|--show] [-s|--hctosys] [-w|--systohc] [-l|--localtime]
1340 [-u|--utc] [-f FILE]
1341 Query and set hardware clock (RTC)
1343 Options:
1345 -r Show hardware clock time
1347 -s Set system time from hardware clock
1348 -w Set hardware clock to system time
1349 -u Hardware clock is in UTC
1350 -l Hardware clock is in local time
1351 -f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2)
1352 id id [OPTIONS] [USER]
1354 Print information about USER or the current user
1356 Options:
1358 -u Print user ID
1360 -g Print group ID
1361 -G Print supplementary group IDs
1362 -n Print name instead of a number
1363 -r Print real user ID instead of effective ID
1364 ifconfig
1366 ifconfig [-a] interface [address]
1367 Configure a network interface
1369 Options:
1371 [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
1373 [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
1374 [[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]]
1375 [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS]
1376 [outfill NN] [keepalive NN]
1377 [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN]
1378 [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
1379 [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic]
1380 [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN]
1381 [up|down] ...
1382 ifdown
1384 ifdown [-ainmvf] ifaces...
1385 Options:
1387 -a De/configure all interfaces automatically
1389 -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions
1390 -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it
1391 (note: doesn't disable mappings)
1392 -m Don't run any mappings
1393 -v Print out what would happen before doing it
1394 -f Force de/configuration
1395 ifenslave
1397 ifenslave [-cdf] master-iface <slave-iface...>
1398 Configure network interfaces for parallel routing
1400 Options:
1402 -c, --change-active Change active slave
1404 -d, --detach Remove slave interface from bonding device
1405 -f, --force Force, even if interface is not Ethernet
1406 ifplugd
1408 ifplugd [OPTIONS]
1409 Network interface plug detection daemon.
1411 Options:
1413 -n Do not daemonize
1415 -s Do not log to syslog
1416 -i IFACE Interface
1417 -f/-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up
1418 (otherwise exit on error)
1419 -a Do not up interface automatically
1420 -M Monitor creation/destruction of interface
1421 (otherwise it must exist)
1422 -r PROG Script to run
1423 -x ARG Extra argument for script
1424 -I Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script
1425 -p Don't run script on daemon startup
1426 -q Don't run script on daemon quit
1427 -l Run script on startup even if no cable is detected
1428 -t SECS Poll time in seconds
1429 -u SECS Delay before running script after link up
1430 -d SECS Delay after link down
1431 -m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, auto)
1432 -k Kill running daemon
1433 ifup
1435 ifup [-ainmvf] ifaces...
1436 Options:
1438 -a De/configure all interfaces automatically
1440 -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions
1441 -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it
1442 (note: doesn't disable mappings)
1443 -m Don't run any mappings
1444 -v Print out what would happen before doing it
1445 -f Force de/configuration
1446 inetd
1448 inetd [-fe] [-q N] [-R N] [CONFFILE]
1449 Listen for network connections and launch programs
1451 Options:
1453 -f Run in foreground
1455 -e Log to stderr
1456 -q N Socket listen queue (default: 128)
1457 -R N Pause services after N connects/min
1458 (default: 0 - disabled)
1459 init
1461 init
1462 Init is the parent of all processes
1464 insmod
1466 insmod FILE [symbol=value]...
1467 Load the specified kernel modules into the kernel
1469 install
1471 install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [source]
1472 dest|directory
1473 Copy files and set attributes
1475 Options:
1477 -c Just copy (default)
1479 -d Create directories
1480 -D Create leading target directories
1481 -s Strip symbol table
1482 -p Preserve date
1483 -o USER Set ownership
1484 -g GRP Set group ownership
1485 -m MODE Set permissions
1486 ionice
1488 ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-p PID] [PROG]
1489 Change I/O scheduling class and priority
1491 Options:
1493 -c Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle
1495 -n Priority
1496 ip ip [OPTIONS] {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} {COMMAND}
1498 ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND} where OBJECT := {address | route |
1500 link | tunnel | rule} OPTIONS := { -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link
1501 } | -o[neline] }
1502 ipaddr
1504 ipaddr { {add|del} IFADDR dev STRING | {show|flush} [dev
1505 STRING] [to PREFIX] }
1506 ipaddr {add|delete} IFADDR dev STRING ipaddr {show|flush} [dev
1508 STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] [to PREFIX] [label PATTERN]
1509 IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [broadcast ADDR]
1510 [anycast ADDR] [label STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] SCOPE-ID
1511 := [host | link | global | NUMBER]
1512 ipcalc
1514 ipcalc [OPTIONS] ADDRESS[[/]NETMASK] [NETMASK]
1515 Calculate IP network settings from a IP address
1517 Options:
1519 -b,--broadcast Display calculated broadcast address
1521 -n,--network Display calculated network address
1522 -m,--netmask Display default netmask for IP
1523 -p,--prefix Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK
1524 -h,--hostname Display first resolved host name
1525 -s,--silent Don't ever display error messages
1526 ipcrm
1528 ipcrm [-MQS key] [-mqs id]
1529 Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. Lower-
1531 case options remove an object by shmid value.
1532 Options:
1534 -mM Remove memory segment after last detach
1536 -qQ Remove message queue
1537 -sS Remove semaphore
1538 ipcs
1540 ipcs [[-smq] -i shmid] | [[-asmq] [-tcplu]]
1541 -i Show specific resource
1543 Resource specification:
1544 -m Shared memory segments
1546 -q Message queues
1547 -s Semaphore arrays
1548 -a All (default)
1549 Output format:
1550 -t Time
1552 -c Creator
1553 -p Pid
1554 -l Limits
1555 -u Summary
1556 iplink
1558 iplink { set DEVICE { up | down | arp { on | off } | show [DEVICE]
1559 }
1560 iplink set DEVICE { up | down | arp | multicast { on | off } |
1562 dynamic { on | off } | mtu MTU }
1563 iplink show [DEVICE]
1564 iproute
1566 iproute { list | flush | { add | del | change | append |
1567 replace | monitor } ROUTE }
1568 iproute { list | flush } SELECTOR iproute get ADDRESS [from ADDRESS
1570 iif STRING] [oif STRING] [tos TOS] iproute { add |
1571 del | change | append | replace | monitor } ROUTE
1572 SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match PREFIX] [proto
1573 RTPROTO] ROUTE := [TYPE] PREFIX [tos TOS] [proto
1574 RTPROTO] [metric METRIC]
1575 iprule
1577 iprule {[list | add | del] RULE}
1578 iprule [list | add | del] SELECTOR ACTION SELECTOR := [from
1580 PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK] [dev
1581 STRING] [pref NUMBER] ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDRESS]
1582 [prohibit | reject | unreachable]
1583 [realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM] TABLE_ID := [local
1584 | main | default | NUMBER]
1585 iptunnel
1587 iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME] [mode { ipip |
1588 gre | sit }] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL]
1589 iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME] [mode { ipip |
1591 gre | sit }] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key
1592 KEY] [[i|o]csum] [ttl TTL] [tos TOS] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev
1593 PHYS_DEV]
1594 kbd_mode
1596 kbd_mode [-a|k|s|u] [-C TTY]
1597 Report or set the keyboard mode
1599 Options set mode:
1601 -a Default (ASCII)
1603 -k Medium-raw (keyboard)
1604 -s Raw (scancode)
1605 -u Unicode (utf-8)
1606 -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty
1607 kill
1609 kill [-l] [-SIG] PID...
1610 Send a signal (default is TERM) to given PIDs
1612 Options:
1614 -l List all signal names and numbers
1616 killall
1618 killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] process-name...
1619 Send a signal (default is TERM) to given processes
1621 Options:
1623 -l List all signal names and numbers
1625 -q Do not complain if no processes were killed
1626 killall5
1628 killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]...
1629 Send a signal (default is TERM) to all processes outside current
1631 session
1632 Options:
1634 -l List all signal names and numbers
1636 -o PID Do not signal this PID
1637 klogd
1639 klogd [-c N] [-n]
1640 Kernel logger
1642 Options:
1644 -c N Only messages with level < N are printed to console
1646 -n Run in foreground
1647 last
1649 last [-HW] [-f file]
1650 Show listing of the last users that logged into the system
1652 Options:
1654 -W Display with no host column truncation
1656 -f file Read from file instead of /var/log/wtmp
1657 length
1659 length STRING
1660 Print STRING's length
1662 less
1664 less [-EMNmh~I?] [FILE]...
1665 View a file or list of files. The position within files can be
1667 changed, and files can be manipulated in various ways.
1668 Options:
1670 -E Quit once the end of a file is reached
1672 -M,-m Display a status line containing the line numbers
1673 and percentage through the file
1674 -N Prefix line numbers to each line
1675 -I Ignore case in all searches
1676 -~ Suppress ~s displayed past the end of the file
1677 ln ln [OPTIONS] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY
1679 Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET.
1681 Use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
1682 Options:
1684 -s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks
1686 -f Remove existing destination files
1687 -n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file
1688 -b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation
1689 -S suf Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files
1690 loadfont
1692 loadfont < font
1693 Load a console font from standard input
1695 loadkmap
1697 loadkmap < keymap
1698 Load a binary keyboard translation table from standard input
1700 logger
1702 logger [OPTIONS] [MESSAGE]
1703 Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin.
1705 Options:
1707 -s Log to stderr as well as the system log
1709 -t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name)
1710 -p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair)
1711 login
1713 login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER]
1714 Begin a new session on the system
1716 Options:
1718 -f Do not authenticate (user already authenticated)
1720 -h Name of the remote host
1721 -p Preserve environment
1722 logname
1724 logname
1725 Print the name of the current user
1727 logread
1729 logread [OPTIONS]
1730 Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer
1732 Options:
1734 -f Output data as log grows
1736 losetup
1738 losetup [-o OFS] LOOPDEV FILE - associate loop devices losetup
1739 -d LOOPDEV - disassociate losetup [-f] - show
1740 Options:
1742 -o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE
1744 -f Show first free loop device
1745 lpd lpd SPOOLDIR [HELPER [ARGS]]
1747 SPOOLDIR must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories
1749 with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are
1750 sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue
1751 directory and HELPER program is called. Name of file to print is
1752 passed in $DATAFILE variable. Example:
1753 tcpsvd -E 0 515 softlimit -m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print
1755 lpq lpq [-P queue[@host[:port]]] [-U USERNAME] [-d JOBID...] [-fs]
1757 Options:
1759 -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER)
1761 -d Delete jobs
1762 -f Force any waiting job to be printed
1763 -s Short display
1764 lpr lpr -P queue[@host[:port]] -U USERNAME -J TITLE -Vmh [FILE]...
1766 Options:
1768 -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER)
1770 -m Send mail on completion
1771 -h Print banner page too
1772 -V Verbose
1773 ls ls [-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk] [FILE]...
1775 List directory contents
1777 Options:
1779 -1 List in a single column
1781 -A Don't list . and ..
1782 -a Don't hide entries starting with .
1783 -C List by columns
1784 -c With -l: sort by ctime
1785 --color[={always,never,auto}] Control coloring
1786 -d List directory entries instead of contents
1787 -e List full date and time
1788 -F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
1789 -i List inode numbers
1790 -l Long listing format
1791 -n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
1792 -p Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
1793 -L List entries pointed to by symlinks
1794 -R List subdirectories recursively
1795 -r Sort in reverse order
1796 -S Sort by file size
1797 -s List the size of each file, in blocks
1798 -T NUM Assume tabstop every NUM columns
1799 -t With -l: sort by modification time
1800 -u With -l: sort by access time
1801 -v Sort by version
1802 -w NUM Assume the terminal is NUM columns wide
1803 -x List by lines
1804 -X Sort by extension
1805 -h List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G)
1806 lsattr
1808 lsattr [-Radlv] [FILE]...
1809 List file attributes on an ext2 fs
1811 Options:
1813 -R Recursively list subdirectories
1815 -a Do not hide entries starting with .
1816 -d List directory entries instead of contents
1817 -l List long flag names
1818 -v List the file's version/generation number
1819 lsmod
1821 lsmod
1822 List the currently loaded kernel modules
1824 lzmacat
1826 lzmacat FILE
1827 Uncompress to stdout
1829 makedevs
1831 makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir
1832 Create a range of special files as specified in a device table.
1834 Device table entries take the form of:
1835 <type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count>
1837 Where name is the file name, type can be one of: f Regular
1838 file d Directory c Character device b Block
1839 device p Fifo (named pipe) uid is the user id for the
1840 target file, gid is the group id for the target file. The rest of
1841 the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to to device special files. A
1842 '-' may be used for blank entries.
1843 makemime
1845 makemime [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
1846 Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs.
1848 Options:
1850 -o FILE Output. Default: stdout
1852 -a HDR Add header. Examples:
1853 "From: user@host.org", "Date: `date -R`"
1854 -c CT Content type. Default: text/plain
1855 -C CS Charset. Default: us-ascii
1856 Other options are silently ignored
1858 man man [OPTIONS] [MANPAGE]...
1860 Format and display manual page
1862 Options:
1864 -a Display all pages
1866 -w Show page locations
1867 md5sum
1869 md5sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
1870 or: md5sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]
1871 Print or check MD5 checksums
1873 Options:
1875 -c Check sums against given list
1877 -s Don't output anything, status code shows success
1878 -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
1879 mdev
1881 mdev [-s]
1882 -s Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot
1884 It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it:
1886 echo /bin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug It uses /etc/mdev.conf
1887 with lines [-]DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH] [@|$|*PROG]
1888 mesg
1890 mesg [y|n]
1891 Control write access to your terminal y Allow write access
1893 to your terminal n Disallow write access to your terminal
1894 microcom
1896 microcom [-d DELAY] [-t TIMEOUT] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY
1897 Copy bytes for stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout
1899 Options:
1901 -d Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every
1903 next byte to it
1904 -t Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms
1905 -s Set serial line to SPEED
1906 -X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin
1907 mkdir
1909 mkdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...
1910 Create DIRECTORY
1912 Options:
1914 -m Set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
1916 -p No error if existing, make parent directories as needed
1917 mkdosfs
1919 mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] FILE_OR_DEVICE [SIZE_IN_KB]
1920 Make a FAT32 filesystem
1922 Options:
1924 -v Verbose
1926 -n LBL Volume label
1927 mkfifo
1929 mkfifo [OPTIONS] name
1930 Create named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')
1932 Options:
1934 -m MODE Mode (default a=rw)
1936 mkfs.minix
1938 mkfs.minix [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] /dev/name [blocks]
1939 Make a MINIX filesystem
1941 Options:
1943 -c Check device for bad blocks
1945 -n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames
1946 -i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem
1947 -l FILENAME Read bad blocks list from FILENAME
1948 -v Make version 2 filesystem
1949 mkfs.vfat
1951 mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] FILE_OR_DEVICE [SIZE_IN_KB]
1952 Make a FAT32 filesystem
1954 Options:
1956 -v Verbose
1958 -n LBL Volume label
1959 mknod
1961 mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR
1962 Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)
1964 Options:
1966 -m Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)
1968 TYPEs include:
1969 b: Make a block device
1971 c or u: Make a character device
1972 p: Make a named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored)
1973 mkpasswd
1975 mkpasswd [OPTIONS] [PASSWORD] [SALT]
1976 Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)
1978 Options:
1980 -P,--password-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM
1982 -m,--method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE
1983 -S,--salt=SALT
1984 mkswap
1986 mkswap DEVICE
1987 Prepare block device to be used as swap partition
1989 mktemp
1991 mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE]
1992 Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its
1994 name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).
1995 Options:
1997 -d Make a directory instead of a file
1999 -t Generate a path rooted in temporary directory
2000 -p DIR Use DIR as a temporary directory (implies -t)
2001 For -t or -p, directory is chosen as follows: $TMPDIR if set, else
2003 -p DIR, else /tmp
2004 modprobe
2006 modprobe [-knqrsv] MODULE [symbol=value...]
2007 Options:
2009 -n Dry run
2011 -q Quiet
2012 -r Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean
2013 -s Report via syslog instead of stderr
2014 -v Verbose
2015 -b Apply blacklist to module names too
2016 more
2018 more [FILE]...
2019 View FILE or standard input one screenful at a time
2021 mount
2023 mount [flags] DEVICE NODE [-o OPT,OPT]
2024 Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc be
2026 mounted.
2027 Options:
2029 -a Mount all filesystems in fstab
2031 -f Dry run
2032 -r Read-only mount
2033 -w Read-write mount (default)
2034 -t FSTYPE Filesystem type
2035 -O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only)
2036 -o OPT:
2037 loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected)
2038 [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous
2039 [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times
2040 [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories
2041 [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time
2042 [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files
2043 [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files
2044 [no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs
2045 [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree
2046 [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree
2047 [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree
2048 [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted
2049 bind Bind a directory to an additional location
2050 move Relocate an existing mount point
2051 remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags
2052 ro/rw Read-only/read-write mount
2053 There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem
2055 You'll have to see the written documentation for those filesystems
2056 mountpoint
2058 mountpoint [-q] <[-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE>
2059 Check if the directory is a mountpoint
2061 Options:
2063 -q Quiet
2065 -d Print major/minor device number of the filesystem
2066 -n Print device name of the filesystem
2067 -x Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice
2068 mt mt [-f device] opcode value
2070 Control magnetic tape drive operation
2072 Available Opcodes:
2074 bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm
2076 fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension
2077 rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock
2078 weof wset
2079 mv mv [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST or: mv [OPTIONS] SOURCE... DIRECTORY
2081 Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY
2083 Options:
2085 -f Don't prompt before overwriting
2087 -i Interactive, prompt before overwrite
2088 nameif
2090 nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [{IFNAME MACADDR}]
2091 Rename network interface while it in the down state
2093 Options:
2095 -c FILE Use configuration file (default is /etc/mactab)
2097 -s Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility)
2098 IFNAME MACADDR new_interface_name interface_mac_address
2099 nc nc [OPTIONS] HOST PORT - connect nc [OPTIONS] -l -p PORT [HOST]
2101 [PORT] - listen
2102 Options:
2104 -e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last)
2106 -l Listen mode, for inbound connects
2107 -n Don't do DNS resolution
2108 -s ADDR Local address
2109 -p PORT Local port
2110 -u UDP mode
2111 -v Verbose
2112 -w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads
2113 -i SEC Delay interval for lines sent
2114 -o FILE Hex dump traffic
2115 -z Zero-I/O mode (scanning)
2116 netstat
2118 netstat [-laentuwxrWp]
2119 Display networking information
2121 Options:
2123 -l Display listening server sockets
2125 -a Display all sockets (default: connected)
2126 -e Display other/more information
2127 -n Don't resolve names
2128 -t Tcp sockets
2129 -u Udp sockets
2130 -w Raw sockets
2131 -x Unix sockets
2132 -r Display routing table
2133 -W Display with no column truncation
2134 -p Display PID/Program name for sockets
2135 nice
2137 nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG [ARGS]]
2138 Run PROG with modified scheduling priority
2140 Options:
2142 -n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST
2144 nmeter
2146 nmeter format_string
2147 Monitor system in real time
2149 Format specifiers:
2151 %Nc or %[cN] Monitor CPU. N - bar size, default 10
2153 (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq)
2154 %[niface] Monitor network interface 'iface'
2155 %m Monitor allocated memory
2156 %[mf] Monitor free memory
2157 %[mt] Monitor total memory
2158 %s Monitor allocated swap
2159 %f Monitor number of used file descriptors
2160 %Ni Monitor total/specific IRQ rate
2161 %x Monitor context switch rate
2162 %p Monitor forks
2163 %[pn] Monitor # of processes
2164 %b Monitor block io
2165 %Nt Show time (with N decimal points)
2166 %Nd Milliseconds between updates (default:1000)
2167 %r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL
2168 nohup
2170 nohup PROG [ARGS]
2171 Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
2173 nslookup
2175 nslookup [HOST] [SERVER]
2176 Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST
2178 optionally using a specified DNS server
2179 od od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [-t TYPE] [FILE]
2181 Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of
2183 FILE to standard output. With no FILE or when FILE is -, read
2184 standard input.
2185 openvt
2187 openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG [ARGS]]
2188 Start PROG on a new virtual terminal
2190 Options:
2192 -c N Use specified VT
2194 -s Switch to the VT
2195 -w Wait for PROG to exit
2196 passwd
2198 passwd [OPTIONS] [USER]
2199 Change USER's password. If no USER is specified, changes the
2201 password for the current user.
2202 Options:
2204 -a Algorithm to use for password (choices: des, md5)
2206 -d Delete password for the account
2207 -l Lock (disable) account
2208 -u Unlock (re-enable) account
2209 patch
2211 patch [-p NUM] [-i DIFF] [-R] [-N]
2212 -p NUM Strip NUM leading components from file names
2214 -i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin
2215 -R Reverse patch
2216 -N Ignore already applied patches
2217 pgrep
2219 pgrep [-flnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]
2220 Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN
2222 Options:
2224 -l Show command name too
2226 -f Match against entire command line
2227 -n Show the newest process only
2228 -o Show the oldest process only
2229 -v Negate the match
2230 -x Match whole name (not substring)
2231 -s Match session ID (0 for current)
2232 -P Match parent process ID
2233 pidof
2235 pidof [OPTIONS] [NAME...]
2236 List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs
2238 Options:
2240 -s Show only one PID
2242 -o PID Omit given pid
2243 Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent
2244 ping
2246 ping [OPTIONS] HOST
2247 Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
2249 Options:
2251 -4, -6 Force IPv4 or IPv6 hostname resolution
2253 -c CNT Send only CNT pings
2254 -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56)
2255 -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source
2256 -W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10)
2257 (after all -c CNT packets are sent)
2258 -w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
2259 (can exit earlier with -c CNT)
2260 -q Quiet, only displays output at start
2261 and when finished
2262 ping6
2264 ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST
2265 Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
2267 Options:
2269 -c CNT Send only CNT pings
2271 -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56)
2272 -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source
2273 -q Quiet, only displays output at start
2274 and when finished
2275 pivot_root
2277 pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD
2278 Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the
2280 new root file system
2281 pkill
2283 pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-fnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]
2284 Send a signal to process(es) selected by regex PATTERN
2286 Options:
2288 -l List all signals
2290 -f Match against entire command line
2291 -n Signal the newest process only
2292 -o Signal the oldest process only
2293 -v Negate the match
2294 -x Match whole name (not substring)
2295 -s Match session ID (0 for current)
2296 -P Match parent process ID
2297 popmaildir
2299 popmaildir [OPTIONS] Maildir [connection-helper ...]
2300 Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir
2302 Options:
2304 -b Binary mode. Ignored
2306 -d Debug. Ignored
2307 -m Show used memory. Ignored
2308 -V Show version. Ignored
2309 -c Use tcpclient. Ignored
2310 -a Use APOP protocol. Implied. If server supports APOP -> use it
2311 -s Skip authorization
2312 -T Get messages with TOP instead with RETR
2313 -k Keep retrieved messages on the server
2314 -t timeout Set network timeout
2315 -F "program arg1 arg2 ..." Filter by program. May be multiple
2316 -M "program arg1 arg2 ..." Deliver by program
2317 -R size Remove old messages on the server >= size (in bytes). Ignored
2318 -Z N1-N2 Remove messages from N1 to N2 (dangerous). Ignored
2319 -L size Do not retrieve new messages >= size (in bytes). Ignored
2320 -H lines Type specified number of lines of a message. Ignored
2321 poweroff
2323 poweroff [-d delay] [-n] [-f]
2324 Halt and shut off power
2326 Options:
2328 -d Delay interval for halting
2330 -n No call to sync()
2331 -f Force power off (don't go through init)
2332 printenv
2334 printenv [VARIABLES...]
2335 Print all or part of environment. If no environment VARIABLE
2337 specified, print them all.
2338 printf
2340 printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT...]
2341 Format and print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, where FORMAT
2343 controls the output exactly as in C printf
2344 ps ps
2346 Report process status
2348 Options:
2350 -o col1,col2=header Select columns for display
2352 pscan
2354 pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT]
2355 HOST
2356 Scan a host, print all open ports
2358 Options:
2360 -c Show closed ports too
2362 -b Show blocked ports too
2363 -p Scan from this port (default 1)
2364 -P Scan up to this port (default 1024)
2365 -t Timeout (default 5000 ms)
2366 -T Minimum rtt (default 5 ms, increase for congested hosts)
2367 pwd pwd
2369 Print the full filename of the current working directory
2371 raidautorun
2373 raidautorun DEVICE
2374 Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays
2376 rdate
2378 rdate [-sp] HOST
2379 Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST
2381 Options:
2383 -s Set the system date and time (default)
2385 -p Print the date and time
2386 rdev
2388 rdev
2389 Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/'
2391 readahead
2393 readahead [FILE]...
2394 Preload FILE(s) in RAM cache so that subsequent reads for
2396 thosefiles do not block on disk I/O
2397 readlink
2399 readlink [-fnv] FILE
2400 Display the value of a symlink
2402 Options:
2404 -f Canonicalize by following all symlinks
2406 -n Don't add newline
2407 -v Verbose
2408 readprofile
2410 readprofile [OPTIONS]
2411 Options:
2413 -m mapfile (Default: /boot/System.map)
2415 -p profile (Default: /proc/profile)
2416 -M mult Set the profiling multiplier to mult
2417 -i Print only info about the sampling step
2418 -v Verbose
2419 -a Print all symbols, even if count is 0
2420 -b Print individual histogram-bin counts
2421 -s Print individual counters within functions
2422 -r Reset all the counters (root only)
2423 -n Disable byte order auto-detection
2424 realpath
2426 realpath pathname...
2427 Return the absolute pathnames of given argument
2429 reboot
2431 reboot [-d delay] [-n] [-f]
2432 Reboot the system
2434 Options:
2436 -d Delay interval for rebooting
2438 -n No call to sync()
2439 -f Force reboot (don't go through init)
2440 reformime
2442 reformime [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
2443 Parse MIME-encoded message
2445 Options:
2447 -x prefix Extract content of MIME sections to files
2449 -X prog [args] Filter content of MIME sections through prog.
2450 Must be the last option
2451 Other options are silently ignored.
2453 renice
2455 renice {{-n INCREMENT} | PRIORITY} [[-p | -g | -u] ID...]
2456 Change priority of running processes
2458 Options:
2460 -n Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster)
2462 -p Process id(s) (default)
2463 -g Process group id(s)
2464 -u Process user name(s) and/or id(s)
2465 reset
2467 reset
2468 Reset the screen
2470 resize
2472 resize
2473 Resize the screen
2475 rm rm [OPTIONS] FILE...
2477 Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). Use '--' to indicate that all
2479 following arguments are non-options.
2480 Options:
2482 -i Always prompt before removing
2484 -f Never prompt
2485 -r,-R Remove directories recursively
2486 rmdir
2488 rmdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...
2489 Remove the DIRECTORY, if it is empty.
2491 Options:
2493 -p|--parents Include parents
2495 -ignore-fail-on-non-empty
2496 rmmod
2498 rmmod [OPTIONS] [MODULE]...
2499 Unload the specified kernel modules from the kernel
2501 Options:
2503 -w Wait until the module is no longer used
2505 -f Force unloading
2506 -a Remove all unused modules (recursively)
2507 route
2509 route [{add|del|delete}]
2510 Edit kernel routing tables
2512 Options:
2514 -n Don't resolve names
2516 -e Display other/more information
2517 -A inet{6} Select address family
2518 rpm rpm -i -q[ildc]p package.rpm
2520 Manipulate RPM packages
2522 Options:
2524 -i Install package
2526 -q Query package
2527 -p Query uninstalled package
2528 -i Show information
2529 -l List contents
2530 -d List documents
2531 -c List config files
2532 rpm2cpio
2534 rpm2cpio package.rpm
2535 Output a cpio archive of the rpm file
2537 rtcwake
2539 rtcwake [-a | -l | -u] [-d DEV] [-m MODE] [-s SEC | -t TIME]
2540 Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time
2542 -a,--auto Read clock mode from adjtime
2544 -l,--local Clock is set to local time
2545 -u,--utc Clock is set to UTC time
2546 -d,--device=DEV Specify the RTC device
2547 -m,--mode=MODE Set the sleep state (default: standby)
2548 -s,--seconds=SEC Set the timeout in SEC seconds from now
2549 -t,--time=TIME Set the timeout to TIME seconds from epoch
2550 run-parts
2552 run-parts [-t] [-l] [-a ARG] [-u MASK] DIRECTORY
2553 Run a bunch of scripts in a directory
2555 Options:
2557 -t Print what would be run, but don't actually run anything
2559 -a ARG Pass ARG as argument for every program
2560 -u MASK Set the umask to MASK before running every program
2561 -l Print names of all matching files even if they are not executable
2562 runlevel
2564 runlevel [utmp]
2565 Find the current and previous system runlevel.
2567 If no utmp file exists or if no runlevel record can be found, print
2569 "unknown"
2570 runsv
2572 runsv dir
2573 Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service
2575 runsvdir
2577 runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT] dir
2578 Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart
2580 it.
2581 -P Put each runsv in a new session
2583 -s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed
2584 rx rx FILE
2586 Receive a file using the xmodem protocol
2588 script
2590 script [-afqt] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE]
2591 Options:
2593 -a Append output
2595 -c Run PROG, not shell
2596 -f Flush output after each write
2597 -q Quiet
2598 -t Send timing to stderr
2599 scriptreplay
2601 scriptreplay timingfile [typescript [divisor]]
2602 Play back typescripts, using timing information
2604 sed sed [-efinr] SED_CMD [FILE]...
2606 Options:
2608 -e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed
2610 -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed
2611 -i Edit files in-place
2612 -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
2613 -r Use extended regex syntax
2614 If no -e or -f is given, the first non-option argument is taken as
2616 the sed command to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of
2617 input files; if no input files are specified, then the standard
2618 input is read. Source files will not be modified unless -i option
2619 is given.
2620 sendmail
2622 sendmail [OPTIONS] [RECIPIENT_EMAIL]...
2623 Read email from stdin and send it
2625 Standard options:
2627 -t Read additional recipients from message body
2629 -f sender Sender (required)
2630 -o options Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored
2631 Busybox specific options:
2633 -w seconds Network timeout
2635 -H 'PROG ARGS' Run connection helper
2636 Examples:
2637 -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp
2638 -connect smtp.gmail.com:25' <email.txt
2639 [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>]
2640 -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1
2641 -connect smtp.gmail.com:465' <email.txt
2642 [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>]
2643 -S server[:port] Server
2644 -au<username> Username for AUTH LOGIN
2645 -ap<password> Password for AUTH LOGIN
2646 -am<method> Authentication method. Ignored. LOGIN is implied
2647 Other options are silently ignored; -oi -t is implied Use makemime
2649 applet to create message with attachments
2650 seq seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST
2652 Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. FIRST, INC
2654 default to 1
2655 Options:
2657 -w Pad to last with leading zeros
2659 -s SEP String separator
2660 setarch
2662 setarch personality program [args...]
2663 Personality may be:
2665 linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation
2667 linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation
2668 setconsole
2670 setconsole [-r|--reset] [DEVICE]
2671 Redirect system console output to DEVICE (default: /dev/tty)
2673 Options:
2675 -r Reset output to /dev/console
2677 setfont
2679 setfont FONT [-m MAPFILE] [-C TTY]
2680 Load a console font
2682 Options:
2684 -m MAPFILE Load console screen map
2686 -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty
2687 setkeycodes
2689 setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE...
2690 Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing
2692 unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
2693 SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is
2695 given in decimal
2696 setlogcons
2698 setlogcons N
2699 Redirect the kernel output to console N (0 for current)
2701 setsid
2703 setsid PROG [ARG...]
2704 Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal
2706 and will not be affected by keyboard signals (Ctrl-C etc). See
2707 setsid(2) for details.
2708 setuidgid
2710 setuidgid account prog args
2711 Set uid and gid to account's uid and gid, removing all
2713 supplementary groups and run PROG
2714 sha1sum
2716 sha1sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
2717 or: sha1sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]
2718 Print or check SHA1 checksums.
2720 Options:
2722 -c Check sums against given list
2724 -s Don't output anything, status code shows success
2725 -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
2726 sha256sum
2728 sha256sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
2729 or: sha256sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]
2730 Print or check SHA1 checksums.
2732 Options:
2734 -c Check sums against given list
2736 -s Don't output anything, status code shows success
2737 -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
2738 sha512sum
2740 sha512sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
2741 or: sha512sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]
2742 Print or check SHA1 checksums.
2744 Options:
2746 -c Check sums against given list
2748 -s Don't output anything, status code shows success
2749 -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
2750 showkey
2752 showkey [-a | -k | -s]
2753 Show keys pressed
2755 Options:
2757 -a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys
2759 -k Display interpreted keycodes (default)
2760 -s Display raw scan-codes
2761 slattach
2763 slattach [-cehmLF] [-s SPEED] [-p PROTOCOL] DEVICE
2764 Attach network interface(s) to serial line(s)
2766 Options:
2768 -p PROT Set protocol (slip, cslip, slip6, clisp6 or adaptive)
2770 -s SPD Set line speed
2771 -e Exit after initializing device
2772 -h Exit when the carrier is lost
2773 -c PROG Run PROG when the line is hung up
2774 -m Do NOT initialize the line in raw 8 bits mode
2775 -L Enable 3-wire operation
2776 -F Disable RTS/CTS flow control
2777 sleep
2779 sleep [N]...
2780 Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each
2782 arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours,
2783 or (d)ays
2784 softlimit
2786 softlimit [-a BYTES] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-s BYTES] [-l BYTES]
2787 [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] [-r BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N]
2788 PROG ARGS
2789 Set soft resource limits, then run PROG
2791 Options:
2793 -a BYTES Limit total size of all segments
2795 -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES
2796 -d BYTES Limit data segment
2797 -s BYTES Limit stack segment
2798 -l BYTES Limit locked memory size
2799 -o N Limit number of open files per process
2800 -p N Limit number of processes per uid
2801 Options controlling file sizes:
2802 -f BYTES Limit output file sizes
2804 -c BYTES Limit core file size
2805 Efficiency opts:
2806 -r BYTES Limit resident set size
2808 -t N Limit CPU time, process receives
2809 a SIGXCPU after N seconds
2810 sort
2812 sort [-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt] [-o FILE] [-k
2813 start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]...
2814 Sort lines of text
2816 Options:
2818 -b Ignore leading blanks
2820 -c Check whether input is sorted
2821 -d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only)
2822 -f Ignore case
2823 -g General numerical sort
2824 -i Ignore unprintable characters
2825 -k Sort key
2826 -M Sort month
2827 -n Sort numbers
2828 -o Output to file
2829 -k Sort by key
2830 -t CHAR Key separator
2831 -r Reverse sort order
2832 -s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically)
2833 -u Suppress duplicate lines
2834 -z Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline
2835 -mST Ignored for GNU compatibility
2836 split
2838 split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]]
2839 Options:
2841 -b n[k|m] Split by bytes
2843 -l n Split by lines
2844 -a n Use n letters as suffix
2845 start-stop-daemon
2847 start-stop-daemon [OPTIONS] [-S|-K] ... [-- arguments...]
2848 Search for matching processes, and then -K: stop all matching
2850 processes. -S: start a process unless a matching process is found.
2851 Process matching:
2853 -u,--user USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes
2855 -n,--name NAME Match processes with NAME
2856 in comm field in /proc/PID/stat
2857 -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command
2858 in /proc/PID/cmdline
2859 -p,--pidfile FILE Match a process with PID from the file
2860 All specified conditions must match
2861 -S only:
2862 -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Program to run
2863 -a,--startas NAME Zeroth argument
2864 -b,--background Background
2865 -N,--nicelevel N Change nice level
2866 -c,--chuid USER[:[GRP]] Change to user/group
2867 -m,--make-pidfile Write PID to the pidfile specified by -p
2868 -K only:
2869 -s,--signal SIG Signal to send
2870 -t,--test Match only, exit with 0 if a process is found
2871 Other:
2872 -o,--oknodo Exit with status 0 if nothing is done
2874 -v,--verbose Verbose
2875 -q,--quiet Quiet
2876 stat
2878 stat [OPTIONS] FILE...
2879 Display file (default) or filesystem status
2881 Options:
2883 -c fmt Use the specified format
2885 -f Display filesystem status
2886 -L Dereference links
2887 -t Display info in terse form
2888 Valid format sequences for files:
2890 %a Access rights in octal
2892 %A Access rights in human readable form
2893 %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
2894 %B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
2895 %d Device number in decimal
2896 %D Device number in hex
2897 %f Raw mode in hex
2898 %F File type
2899 %g Group ID of owner
2900 %G Group name of owner
2901 %h Number of hard links
2902 %i Inode number
2903 %n File name
2904 %N Quoted file name with dereference if symlink
2905 %o I/O block size
2906 %s Total size, in bytes
2907 %t Major device type in hex
2908 %T Minor device type in hex
2909 %u User ID of owner
2910 %U User name of owner
2911 %x Time of last access
2912 %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
2913 %y Time of last modification
2914 %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
2915 %z Time of last change
2916 %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
2917 Valid format sequences for file systems:
2919 %a Free blocks available to non-superuser
2921 %b Total data blocks in file system
2922 %c Total file nodes in file system
2923 %d Free file nodes in file system
2924 %f Free blocks in file system
2925 %i File System ID in hex
2926 %l Maximum length of filenames
2927 %n File name
2928 %s Block size (for faster transfer)
2929 %S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
2930 %t Type in hex
2931 %T Type in human readable form
2932 strings
2934 strings [-afo] [-n LEN] [FILE]...
2935 Display printable strings in a binary file
2937 Options:
2939 -a Scan whole file (default)
2941 -f Precede strings with filenames
2942 -n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)
2943 -o Precede strings with decimal offsets
2944 stty
2946 stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...
2947 Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and
2949 deviations from stty sane
2950 Options:
2952 -F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin
2954 -a Print all current settings in human-readable form
2955 -g Print in stty-readable form
2956 [SETTING] See manpage
2957 su su [OPTIONS] [-] [username]
2959 Change user id or become root
2961 Options:
2963 -p, -m Preserve environment
2965 -c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c'
2966 -s SH Shell to use instead of default shell
2967 sulogin
2969 sulogin [OPTIONS] [TTY]
2970 Single user login
2972 Options:
2974 -t N Timeout
2976 sum sum [-rs] [FILE]...
2978 Checksum and count the blocks in a file
2980 Options:
2982 -r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks)
2984 -s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)
2985 sv sv [-v] [-w sec] command service...
2987 Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. Commands (only
2989 first character is enough):
2990 status: query service status up: if service isn't running, start
2992 it. If service stops, restart it once: like 'up', but if service
2993 stops, don't restart it down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run
2994 exits, start ./finish if it exists. After it stops, do not
2995 restart service exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log
2996 service. If they exit, runsv exits too pause, cont, hup,
2997 alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send STOP, CONT, HUP,
2998 ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL signal to service
2999 svlogd
3001 svlogd [-ttv] [-r c] [-R abc] [-l len] [-b buflen] dir...
3002 Continuously read log data from standard input, optionally filter
3004 log messages, and write the data to one or more automatically
3005 rotated logs
3006 swapoff
3008 swapoff [-a] [DEVICE]
3009 Stop swapping on DEVICE
3011 Options:
3013 -a Stop swapping on all swap devices
3015 swapon
3017 swapon [-a] [-p pri] [DEVICE]
3018 Start swapping on DEVICE
3020 Options:
3022 -a Start swapping on all swap devices
3024 -p pri Set swap device priority
3025 switch_root
3027 switch_root [-c /dev/console] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS]
3028 Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:
3030 chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute
3032 NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.
3033 Options:
3035 -c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch
3037 sync
3039 sync
3040 Write all buffered blocks to disk
3042 sysctl
3044 sysctl [OPTIONS] [VALUE]...
3045 Configure kernel parameters at runtime
3047 Options:
3049 -n Don't print key names
3051 -e Don't warn about unknown keys
3052 -w Change sysctl setting
3053 -p FILE Load sysctl settings from FILE (default /etc/sysctl.conf)
3054 -a Display all values
3055 -A Display all values in table form
3056 syslogd
3058 syslogd [OPTIONS]
3059 System logging utility. Note that this version of syslogd ignores
3061 /etc/syslog.conf.
3062 Options:
3064 -n Run in foreground
3066 -O FILE Log to given file (default:/var/log/messages)
3067 -l n Set local log level
3068 -S Smaller logging output
3069 -s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotate (default:200KB, 0=off)
3070 -b NUM Number of rotated logs to keep (default:1, max=99, 0=purge)
3071 -R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP)
3072 -L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R)
3073 -D Drop duplicates
3074 -C[size(KiB)] Log to shared mem buffer (read it using logread)
3075 tac tac [FILE]...
3077 Concatenate FILE(s) and print them in reverse
3079 tail
3081 tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
3082 Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more
3084 than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
3085 With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
3086 Options:
3088 -c N[kbm] Output the last N bytes
3090 -n N[kbm] Print last N lines instead of last 10
3091 -f Output data as the file grows
3092 -q Never output headers giving file names
3093 -s SEC Wait SEC seconds between reads with -f
3094 -v Always output headers giving file names
3095 If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output
3097 begins with the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise,
3098 print the last N items in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k
3099 (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2).
3100 tar tar -[czjaZxtvO] [-X FILE] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [FILE(s)]...
3102 Create, extract, or list files from a tar file
3104 Options:
3106 c Create
3108 x Extract
3109 t List
3110 Archive format selection:
3111 z Filter the archive through gzip
3113 j Filter the archive through bzip2
3114 a Filter the archive through lzma
3115 Z Filter the archive through compress
3116 File selection:
3117 f Name of TARFILE or "-" for stdin
3119 O Extract to stdout
3120 exclude File to exclude
3121 X File with names to exclude
3122 C Change to directory DIR before operation
3123 v Verbose
3124 tcpsvd
3126 tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP
3127 PORT PROG
3128 Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming
3130 connection. Run PROG for each connection.
3131 IP IP to listen on. '0' = all
3133 PORT Port to listen on
3134 PROG [ARGS] Program to run
3135 -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS)
3136 -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind
3137 -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously
3138 -b N Allow a backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs
3139 -C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP
3140 New connections from this IP address are closed
3141 immediately. MSG is written to the peer before close
3142 -h Look up peer's hostname
3143 -E Do not set up environment variables
3144 -v Verbose
3145 tee tee [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
3147 Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output
3149 Options:
3151 -a Append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
3153 -i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)
3154 telnet
3156 telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT]
3157 Connect to telnet server
3159 Options:
3161 -a Automatic login with $USER variable
3163 -l USER Automatic login as USER
3164 telnetd
3166 telnetd [OPTIONS]
3167 Handle incoming telnet connections
3169 Options:
3171 -l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect
3173 -f issue_file Display issue_file instead of /etc/issue
3174 -K Close connection as soon as login exits
3175 (normally wait until all programs close slave pty)
3176 -p PORT Port to listen on
3177 -b ADDR Address to bind to
3178 -F Run in foreground
3179 -i Run as inetd subservice
3180 test
3182 test EXPRESSION ]
3183 Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code
3185 depending on logical value of EXPRESSION
3186 tftp
3188 tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]
3189 Transfer a file from/to tftp server
3191 Options:
3193 -l FILE Local FILE
3195 -r FILE Remote FILE
3196 -g Get file
3197 -p Put file
3198 -b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets
3199 tftpd
3201 tftpd [-cr] [-u USER] [DIR]
3202 Transfer a file on tftp client's request.
3204 tftpd should be used as an inetd service. tftpd's line for
3206 inetd.conf: 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd
3207 /files/to/serve It also can be ran from udpsvd:
3208 udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve
3210 Options:
3212 -r Prohibit upload
3214 -c Allow file creation via upload
3215 -u Access files as USER
3216 time
3218 time [OPTIONS] PROG [ARGS]
3219 Run PROG. When it finishes, its resource usage is displayed.
3221 Options:
3223 -v Verbose
3225 timeout
3227 timeout [-t SECS] [-s SIG] PROG [ARGS]
3228 Runs PROG. Sends SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds.
3230 Defaults: SECS: 10, SIG: TERM.
3231 top top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS]
3233 Provide a view of process activity in real time. Read the status
3235 of all processes from /proc each SECONDS and show the status for
3236 however many processes will fit on the screen.
3237 touch
3239 touch [-c] [-d DATE] FILE [FILE]...
3240 Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s]
3242 Options:
3244 -c Do not create files
3246 -d DT Date/time to use
3247 tr tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]
3249 Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input,
3251 writing to standard output
3252 Options:
3254 -c Take complement of STRING1
3256 -d Delete input characters coded STRING1
3257 -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
3258 traceroute
3260 traceroute [-FIldnrv] [-f 1st_ttl] [-m max_ttl] [-p port#] [-q
3261 nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-t tos] [-w wait] [-g gateway] [-i
3262 iface] [-z pausemsecs] HOST [data size]
3263 Trace the route to HOST
3265 Options:
3267 -F Set the don't fragment bit
3269 -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
3270 -l Display the ttl value of the returned packet
3271 -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket
3272 -n Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically
3273 -r Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host
3274 -v Verbose
3275 -m max_ttl Max time-to-live (max number of hops)
3276 -p port# Base UDP port number used in probes
3277 (default is 33434)
3278 -q nqueries Number of probes per 'ttl' (default 3)
3279 -s src_addr IP address to use as the source address
3280 -t tos Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
3281 -w wait Time in seconds to wait for a response
3282 (default 3 sec)
3283 -g Loose source route gateway (8 max)
3284 true
3286 true
3287 Return an exit code of TRUE (0)
3289 tty tty
3291 Print file name of standard input's terminal
3293 Options:
3295 -s Print nothing, only return exit status
3297 ttysize
3299 ttysize [w] [h]
3300 Print dimension(s) of standard input's terminal, on error return
3302 80x25
3303 tunctl
3305 tunctl [-f device] ([-t name] | -d name) [-u owner] [-g group] [-b]
3306 Create or delete tun interfaces Options:
3308 -f name tun device (/dev/net/tun)
3310 -t name Create iface 'name'
3311 -d name Delete iface 'name'
3312 -u owner Set iface owner
3313 -g group Set iface group
3314 -b Brief output
3315 udhcpc
3317 udhcpc [-Cfbnqtvo] [-c CID] [-V VCLS] [-H HOSTNAME] [-i INTERFACE]
3318 [-p pidfile] [-r IP] [-s script] [-O dhcp-option]... [-P N]
3319 -V,--vendorclass=CLASSID Vendor class identifier
3321 -i,--interface=INTERFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
3322 -H,-h,--hostname=HOSTNAME Client hostname
3323 -c,--clientid=CLIENTID Client identifier
3324 -C,--clientid-none Suppress default client identifier
3325 -p,--pidfile=file Create pidfile
3326 -r,--request=IP IP address to request
3327 -s,--script=file Run file at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script)
3328 -t,--retries=N Send up to N request packets
3329 -T,--timeout=N Try to get a lease for N seconds (default 3)
3330 -A,--tryagain=N Wait N seconds (default 20) after failure
3331 -O,--request-option=OPT Request DHCP option OPT (cumulative)
3332 -o,--no-default-options Do not request any options (unless -O is also given)
3333 -f,--foreground Run in foreground
3334 -b,--background Background if lease is not immediately obtained
3335 -S,--syslog Log to syslog too
3336 -n,--now Exit with failure if lease is not immediately obtained
3337 -q,--quit Quit after obtaining lease
3338 -R,--release Release IP on quit
3339 -P,--client-port N Use port N instead of default 68
3340 -a,--arping Use arping to validate offered address
3341 udhcpd
3343 udhcpd [-fS] [-P N] [configfile]
3344 DHCP server
3346 -f Run in foreground
3348 -S Log to syslog too
3349 -P N Use port N instead of default 67
3350 udpsvd
3352 udpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG
3353 Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait for incoming packets.
3355 Run PROG for each packet, redirecting all further packets with same
3356 peer ip:port to it.
3357 IP IP to listen on. '0' = all
3359 PORT Port to listen on
3360 PROG [ARGS] Program to run
3361 -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS)
3362 -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind
3363 -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously
3364 -h Look up peer's hostname
3365 -E Do not set up environment variables
3366 -v Verbose
3367 umount
3369 umount [flags] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY
3370 Unmount file systems
3372 Options:
3374 -a Unmount all file systems
3376 -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
3377 -l Lazy umount (detach filesystem)
3378 -f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
3379 -d Free loop device if it has been used
3380 uname
3382 uname [-amnrspv]
3383 Print system information.
3385 Options:
3387 -a Print all
3389 -m The machine (hardware) type
3390 -n Hostname
3391 -r OS release
3392 -s OS name (default)
3393 -p Processor type
3394 -v OS version
3395 uncompress
3397 uncompress [-c] [-f] [name...]
3398 Uncompress .Z file[s]
3400 Options:
3402 -c Extract to stdout
3404 -f Overwrite an existing file
3405 unexpand
3407 unexpand [-f][-a][-t NUM] [FILE|-]
3408 Convert spaces to tabs, writing to standard output.
3410 Options:
3412 -a,--all Convert all blanks
3414 -f,--first-only Convert only leading blanks
3415 -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars
3416 uniq
3418 uniq [-fscduw]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
3419 Discard duplicate lines
3421 Options:
3423 -c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences
3425 -d Only print duplicate lines
3426 -u Only print unique lines
3427 -f N Skip first N fields
3428 -s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields)
3429 -w N Compare N characters in line
3430 unix2dos
3432 unix2dos [OPTION] [FILE]
3433 Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is
3435 given, use stdin/stdout.
3436 Options:
3438 -u dos2unix
3440 -d unix2dos
3441 unlzma
3443 unlzma [OPTIONS] [FILE]
3444 Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-' or omitted)
3446 Options:
3448 -c Write to standard output
3450 -f Force
3451 unzip
3453 unzip [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist] [-d exdir]
3454 Extract files from ZIP archives
3456 Options:
3458 -l List archive contents (with -q for short form)
3460 -n Never overwrite existing files (default)
3461 -o Overwrite files without prompting
3462 -p Send output to stdout
3463 -q Quiet
3464 -x Exclude these files
3465 -d Extract files into this directory
3466 uptime
3468 uptime
3469 Display the time since the last boot
3471 usleep
3473 usleep N
3474 Pause for N microseconds
3476 uudecode
3478 uudecode [-o outfile] [infile]
3479 Uudecode a file Finds outfile name in uuencoded source unless -o is
3481 given
3482 uuencode
3484 uuencode [-m] [infile] stored_filename
3485 Uuencode a file to stdout
3487 Options:
3489 -m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521
3491 vconfig
3493 vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS]
3494 Create and remove virtual ethernet devices
3496 Options:
3498 add [interface-name] [vlan_id]
3500 rem [vlan-name]
3501 set_flag [interface-name] [flag-num] [0 | 1]
3502 set_egress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
3503 set_ingress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
3504 set_name_type [name-type]
3505 vi vi [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
3507 Edit FILE
3509 Options:
3511 -c Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available)
3513 -R Read-only - do not write to the file
3514 -H Short help regarding available features
3515 vlock
3517 vlock [OPTIONS]
3518 Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock.
3520 Options:
3522 -a Lock all VTs
3524 volname
3526 volname [DEVICE]
3527 Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom)
3529 watch
3531 watch [-n seconds] [-t] PROG [ARGS]
3532 Run PROG periodically
3534 Options:
3536 -n Loop period in seconds (default 2)
3538 -t Don't print header
3539 watchdog
3541 watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV
3542 Periodically write to watchdog device DEV
3544 Options:
3546 -T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60)
3548 -t N Reset every N seconds (default 30)
3549 -F Run in foreground
3550 Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds
3552 wc wc [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
3554 Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line
3556 if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard
3557 input.
3558 Options:
3560 -c Print the byte counts
3562 -l Print the newline counts
3563 -L Print the length of the longest line
3564 -w Print the word counts
3565 wget
3567 wget [-c|--continue] [-s|--spider] [-q|--quiet]
3568 [-O|--output-document file] [--header 'header: value']
3569 [-Y|--proxy on/off] [-P DIR] [-U|--user-agent agent] url
3570 Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP
3572 Options:
3574 -s Spider mode - only check file existence
3576 -c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer
3577 -q Quiet
3578 -P Set directory prefix to DIR
3579 -O Save to filename ('-' for stdout)
3580 -U Adjust 'User-Agent' field
3581 -Y Use proxy ('on' or 'off')
3582 which
3584 which [COMMAND]...
3585 Locate a COMMAND
3587 who who [-a]
3589 Show who is logged on
3591 Options:
3593 -a show all
3595 whoami
3597 whoami
3598 Print the user name associated with the current effective user id
3600 xargs
3602 xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG [ARGS]]
3603 Run PROG on every item given by standard input
3605 Options:
3607 -p Ask user whether to run each command
3609 -r Do not run command if input is empty
3610 -0 Input is separated by NUL characters
3611 -t Print the command on stderr before execution
3612 -e[STR] STR stops input processing
3613 -n N Pass no more than N args to PROG
3614 -s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes
3615 -x Exit if size is exceeded
3616 yes yes [OPTIONS] [STRING]
3618 Repeatedly output a line with STRING, or 'y'
3620 zcat
3622 zcat FILE
3623 Uncompress to stdout
3625 zcip
3627 zcip [OPTIONS] IFACE SCRIPT
3628 Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address
3630 Options:
3632 -f Run in foreground
3634 -q Quit after obtaining address
3635 -r 169.254.x.x Request this address first
3636 -v Verbose
3637 With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, exits
3639 only on I/O errors (link down etc)
3640
3642 GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the
3643 behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure
3644 how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information.
3645 This is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and
3646 using one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to
3647 avoid using any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however,
3648 such as login and su, will use libc functions that require NSS.
3649 If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal
3651 functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and
3652 /etc/shadow files without using NSS. This may allow you to run your
3653 system without the need for installing any of the NSS configuration
3654 files and libraries.
3655 When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly
3657 require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in
3658 particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*,
3659 and /lib/libresolv*).
3660 Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as
3662 uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller,
3663 uClibc does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.
3664
3666 Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
3667
3669 The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know
3670 it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should
3671 probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory.
3672 If you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done
3673 needs more detail, or is incorect, please send in an update.
3674 Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it>
3676 run-parts
3677 Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>
3679 Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
3681 core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
3682 Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that
3683 nobody is going to actually read.
3684 Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk>
3686 rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm
3688 Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com>
3690 ftpput, ftpget
3692 Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>
3694 expr, hostid, logname, whoami
3696 John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org>
3698 du, nslookup, sort
3700 Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
3702 tiny-ls(ls)
3704 Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
3706 fbset, ping, hostname
3708 Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
3710 more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
3712 various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance
3713 Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>
3715 ipcalc
3717 Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se>
3719 tftp client insmod powerpc support
3721 Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>
3723 pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.
3725 Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org>
3727 httpd
3729 Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com>
3731 Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support,
3733 logread), various fixes.
3734 Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
3736 cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.
3738 Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>
3740 mktemp.c
3742 Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu>
3744 documentation, bugfixes, test suite
3746 Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net>
3748 ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence
3750 John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>
3752 tr
3754 Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au>
3756 Common unarchving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput,
3758 nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode.
3759 Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.
3760 Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org>
3762 cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes,
3764 mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string,
3765 get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines
3766 also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in
3768 ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir,
3769 mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable,
3770 interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route
3771 Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
3773 cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current);
3775 ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top;
3776 locale, various fixes
3777 and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.
3778 Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>
3780 Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can
3782 still be found hiding here and there...
3783 Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>
3785 bug fixes, member of fan club
3787 Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com>
3789 reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.
3791 Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>
3793 wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications
3795 Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
3797 Lots of bugs fixes and patches.
3799 Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>
3801 Remote logging feature for syslogd
3803 Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
3805 mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix
3807 Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org>
3809 grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous),
3811 style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.
3812 Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>
3814 gzip, mini-netcat(nc)
3816 Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>
3818 tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance
3820 Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it>
3822 devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.
3824version 1.15.1 2011-08-26 BUSYBOX(1)