1GETITIMER(2) Linux Programmer's Manual GETITIMER(2)
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6 getitimer, setitimer - get or set value of an interval timer
7
9 #include <sys/time.h>
10 int getitimer(int which, struct itimerval *curr_value);
12 int setitimer(int which, const struct itimerval *new_value,
13 struct itimerval *old_value);
14
16 The system provides each process with three interval timers, each
17 decrementing in a distinct time domain. When any timer expires, a sig‐
18 nal is sent to the process, and the timer (potentially) restarts.
19 ITIMER_REAL decrements in real time, and delivers SIGALRM upon expi‐
21 ration.
22 ITIMER_VIRTUAL decrements only when the process is executing, and
24 delivers SIGVTALRM upon expiration.
25 ITIMER_PROF decrements both when the process executes and when the
27 system is executing on behalf of the process. Coupled
28 with ITIMER_VIRTUAL, this timer is usually used to pro‐
29 file the time spent by the application in user and ker‐
30 nel space. SIGPROF is delivered upon expiration.
31 Timer values are defined by the following structures:
33 struct itimerval {
35 struct timeval it_interval; /* next value */
36 struct timeval it_value; /* current value */
37 };
38 struct timeval {
40 long tv_sec; /* seconds */
41 long tv_usec; /* microseconds */
42 };
43 The function getitimer() fills the structure pointed to by curr_value
45 with the current setting for the timer specified by which (one of
46 ITIMER_REAL, ITIMER_VIRTUAL, or ITIMER_PROF). The element it_value is
47 set to the amount of time remaining on the timer, or zero if the timer
48 is disabled. Similarly, it_interval is set to the reset value.
49 The function setitimer() sets the specified timer to the value in
51 new_value. If old_value is non-NULL, the old value of the timer is
52 stored there.
53 Timers decrement from it_value to zero, generate a signal, and reset to
55 it_interval. A timer which is set to zero (it_value is zero or the
56 timer expires and it_interval is zero) stops.
57 Both tv_sec and tv_usec are significant in determining the duration of
59 a timer.
60 Timers will never expire before the requested time, but may expire some
62 (short) time afterwards, which depends on the system timer resolution
63 and on the system load; see time(7). (But see BUGS below.) Upon expi‐
64 ration, a signal will be generated and the timer reset. If the timer
65 expires while the process is active (always true for ITIMER_VIRTUAL)
66 the signal will be delivered immediately when generated. Otherwise the
67 delivery will be offset by a small time dependent on the system load‐
68 ing.
69
71 On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is
72 set appropriately.
73
75 EFAULT new_value, old_value, or curr_value is not valid a pointer.
76 EINVAL which is not one of ITIMER_REAL, ITIMER_VIRTUAL, or ITIMER_PROF;
78 or (since Linux 2.6.22) one of the tv_usec fields in the struc‐
79 ture pointed to by new_value contains a value outside the range
80 0 to 999999.
81
83 POSIX.1-2001, SVr4, 4.4BSD (this call first appeared in 4.2BSD).
84 POSIX.1-2008 marks getitimer() and setitimer() obsolete, recommending
85 the use of the POSIX timers API (timer_gettime(2), timer_settime(2),
86 etc.) instead.
87
89 A child created via fork(2) does not inherit its parent's interval
90 timers. Interval timers are preserved across an execve(2).
91 POSIX.1 leaves the interaction between setitimer() and the three inter‐
93 faces alarm(2), sleep(3), and usleep(3) unspecified.
94
96 The generation and delivery of a signal are distinct, and only one
97 instance of each of the signals listed above may be pending for a
98 process. Under very heavy loading, an ITIMER_REAL timer may expire
99 before the signal from a previous expiration has been delivered. The
100 second signal in such an event will be lost.
101 On Linux kernels before 2.6.16, timer values are represented in
103 jiffies. If a request is made set a timer with a value whose jiffies
104 representation exceeds MAX_SEC_IN_JIFFIES (defined in
105 include/linux/jiffies.h), then the timer is silently truncated to this
106 ceiling value. On Linux/i386 (where, since Linux 2.6.13, the default
107 jiffy is 0.004 seconds), this means that the ceiling value for a timer
108 is approximately 99.42 days. Since Linux 2.6.16, the kernel uses a
109 different internal representation for times, and this ceiling is
110 removed.
111 On certain systems (including i386), Linux kernels before version
113 2.6.12 have a bug which will produce premature timer expirations of up
114 to one jiffy under some circumstances. This bug is fixed in kernel
115 2.6.12.
116 POSIX.1-2001 says that setitimer() should fail if a tv_usec value is
118 specified that is outside of the range 0 to 999999. However, in ker‐
119 nels up to and including 2.6.21, Linux does not give an error, but
120 instead silently adjusts the corresponding seconds value for the timer.
121 From kernel 2.6.22 onwards, this non-conformance has been repaired: an
122 improper tv_usec value results in an EINVAL error.
123
125 gettimeofday(2), sigaction(2), signal(2), timer_create(2), timerfd_cre‐
126 ate(2), time(7)
127
129 This page is part of release 3.22 of the Linux man-pages project. A
130 description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
131 be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
132Linux 2009-03-15 GETITIMER(2)