unix2mac(1)

1dos2unix(1)                       2017-03-10                       dos2unix(1)
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NAME

6       dos2unix - DOS/Mac to Unix and vice versa text file format converter
7

SYNOPSIS

9           dos2unix [options] [FILE ...] [-n INFILE OUTFILE ...]
10           unix2dos [options] [FILE ...] [-n INFILE OUTFILE ...]
11

DESCRIPTION

13       The Dos2unix package includes utilities "dos2unix" and "unix2dos" to
14       convert plain text files in DOS or Mac format to Unix format and vice
15       versa.
16
17       In DOS/Windows text files a line break, also known as newline, is a
18       combination of two characters: a Carriage Return (CR) followed by a
19       Line Feed (LF). In Unix text files a line break is a single character:
20       the Line Feed (LF). In Mac text files, prior to Mac OS X, a line break
21       was single Carriage Return (CR) character. Nowadays Mac OS uses Unix
22       style (LF) line breaks.
23
24       Binary files are automatically skipped, unless conversion is forced.
25
26       Non-regular files, such as directories and FIFOs, are automatically
27       skipped.
28
29       Symbolic links and their targets are by default kept untouched.
30       Symbolic links can optionally be replaced, or the output can be written
31       to the symbolic link target.  Symbolic links on Windows are not
32       supported. Windows symbolic links always replaced, keeping the targets
33       unchanged.
34
35       Dos2unix was modelled after dos2unix under SunOS/Solaris and has
36       similar conversion modes.
37

OPTIONS

39       --  Treat all following options as file names. Use this option if you
40           want to convert files whose names start with a dash. For instance
41           to convert a file named "-foo", you can use this command:
42
43               dos2unix -- -foo
44
45           Or in new file mode:
46
47               dos2unix -n -- -foo out.txt
48
49       -ascii
50           Convert only line breaks. This is the default conversion mode.
51
52       -iso
53           Conversion between DOS and ISO-8859-1 character set. See also
54           section CONVERSION MODES.
55
56       -1252
57           Use Windows code page 1252 (Western European).
58
59       -437
60           Use DOS code page 437 (US). This is the default code page used for
61           ISO conversion.
62
63       -850
64           Use DOS code page 850 (Western European).
65
66       -860
67           Use DOS code page 860 (Portuguese).
68
69       -863
70           Use DOS code page 863 (French Canadian).
71
72       -865
73           Use DOS code page 865 (Nordic).
74
75       -7  Convert 8 bit characters to 7 bit space.
76
77       -c, --convmode CONVMODE
78           Set conversion mode. Where CONVMODE is one of: ascii, 7bit, iso,
79           mac with ascii being the default.
80
81       -f, --force
82           Force conversion of binary files.
83
84       -h, --help
85           Display help and exit.
86
87       -k, --keepdate
88           Keep the date stamp of output file same as input file.
89
90       -L, --license
91           Display program's license.
92
93       -l, --newline
94           Add additional newline.
95
96           dos2unix: Only DOS line breaks are changed to two Unix line breaks.
97           In Mac mode only Mac line breaks are changed to two Unix line
98           breaks.
99
100           unix2dos: Only Unix line breaks are changed to two DOS line breaks.
101           In Mac mode Unix line breaks are changed to two Mac line breaks.
102
103       -m, --add-bom
104           Write an UTF-8 Byte Order Mark in the output file. Never use this
105           option when the output encoding is other than UTF-8. See also
106           section UNICODE.
107
108       -n, --newfile INFILE OUTFILE ...
109           New file mode. Convert file INFILE and write output to file
110           OUTFILE.  File names must be given in pairs and wildcard names
111           should not be used or you will lose your files.
112
113           The person who starts the conversion in new file (paired) mode will
114           be the owner of the converted file. The read/write permissions of
115           the new file will be the permissions of the original file minus the
116           umask(1) of the person who runs the conversion.
117
118       -o, --oldfile FILE ...
119           Old file mode. Convert file FILE and overwrite output to it. The
120           program defaults to run in this mode. Wildcard names may be used.
121
122           In old file (in-place) mode the converted file gets the same owner,
123           group, and read/write permissions as the original file. Also when
124           the file is converted by another user who has write permissions on
125           the file (e.g. user root).  The conversion will be aborted when it
126           is not possible to preserve the original values.  Change of owner
127           could mean that the original owner is not able to read the file any
128           more. Change of group could be a security risk, the file could be
129           made readable for persons for whom it is not intended.
130           Preservation of owner, group, and read/write permissions is only
131           supported on Unix.
132
133       -q, --quiet
134           Quiet mode. Suppress all warnings and messages. The return value is
135           zero.  Except when wrong command-line options are used.
136
137       -s, --safe
138           Skip binary files (default).
139
140       -F, --follow-symlink
141           Follow symbolic links and convert the targets.
142
143       -R, --replace-symlink
144           Replace symbolic links with converted files (original target files
145           remain unchanged).
146
147       -S, --skip-symlink
148           Keep symbolic links and targets unchanged (default).
149
150       -V, --version
151           Display version information and exit.
152

MAC MODE

154       In normal mode line breaks are converted from DOS to Unix and vice
155       versa.  Mac line breaks are not converted.
156
157       In Mac mode line breaks are converted from Mac to Unix and vice versa.
158       DOS line breaks are not changed.
159
160       To run in Mac mode use the command-line option "-c mac" or use the
161       commands "mac2unix" or "unix2mac".
162

CONVERSION MODES

164       Conversion modes ascii, 7bit, and iso are similar to those of
165       dos2unix/unix2dos under SunOS/Solaris.
166
167       ascii
168           In mode "ascii" only line breaks are converted. This is the default
169           conversion mode.
170
171           Although the name of this mode is ASCII, which is a 7 bit standard,
172           the actual mode is 8 bit. Use always this mode when converting
173           Unicode UTF-8 files.
174
175       7bit
176           In this mode all 8 bit non-ASCII characters (with values from 128
177           to 255) are converted to a 7 bit space.
178
179       iso Characters are converted between a DOS character set (code page)
180           and ISO character set ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) on Unix. DOS characters
181           without ISO-8859-1 equivalent, for which conversion is not
182           possible, are converted to a dot. The same counts for ISO-8859-1
183           characters without DOS counterpart.
184
185           When only option "-iso" is used dos2unix will try to determine the
186           active code page. When this is not possible dos2unix will use
187           default code page CP437, which is mainly used in the USA.  To force
188           a specific code page use options "-437" (US), "-850" (Western
189           European), "-860" (Portuguese), "-863" (French Canadian), or "-865"
190           (Nordic).  Windows code page CP1252 (Western European) is also
191           supported with option "-1252". For other code pages use dos2unix in
192           combination with iconv(1).  Iconv can convert between a long list
193           of character encodings.
194
195           Never use ISO converion on Unicode text files. It will corrupt
196           UTF-8 encoded files.
197
198           Some examples:
199
200           Convert from DOS default code page to Unix Latin-1
201
202               dos2unix -iso -n in.txt out.txt
203
204           Convert from DOS CP850 to Unix Latin-1
205
206               dos2unix -850 -n in.txt out.txt
207
208           Convert from Windows CP1252 to Unix Latin-1
209
210               dos2unix -1252 -n in.txt out.txt
211
212           Convert from Windows CP1252 to Unix UTF-8 (Unicode)
213
214               iconv -f CP1252 -t UTF-8 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt
215
216           Convert from Unix Latin-1 to DOS default code page.
217
218               unix2dos -iso -n in.txt out.txt
219
220           Convert from Unix Latin-1 to DOS CP850
221
222               unix2dos -850 -n in.txt out.txt
223
224           Convert from Unix Latin-1 to Windows CP1252
225
226               unix2dos -1252 -n in.txt out.txt
227
228           Convert from Unix UTF-8 (Unicode) to Windows CP1252
229
230               unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP1252 > out.txt
231
232           See also <http://czyborra.com/charsets/codepages.html> and
233           <http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html>.
234

UNICODE

236   Encodings
237       There exist different Unicode encodings. On Unix and Linux Unicode
238       files are typically encoded in UTF-8 encoding. On Windows Unicode text
239       files can be encoded in UTF-8, UTF-16, or UTF-16 big endian, but are
240       mostly encoded in UTF-16 format.
241
242   Conversion
243       Unicode text files can have DOS, Unix or Mac line breaks, like regular
244       text files.
245
246       All versions of dos2unix and unix2dos can convert UTF-8 encoded files,
247       because UTF-8 was designed for backward compatiblity with ASCII.
248
249       Dos2unix and unix2dos with Unicode UTF-16 support, can read little and
250       big endian UTF-16 encoded text files. To see if dos2unix was built with
251       UTF-16 support type "dos2unix -V".
252
253       The Windows versions of dos2unix and unix2dos convert UTF-16 encoded
254       files always to UTF-8 encoded files. Unix versions of dos2unix/unix2dos
255       convert UTF-16 encoded files to the locale character encoding when it
256       is set to UTF-8.  Use the locale(1) command to find out what the locale
257       character encoding is.
258
259       Because UTF-8 formatted text files are well supported on both Windows
260       and Unix, dos2unix and unix2dos have no option to write UTF-16 files.
261       All UTF-16 characters can be encoded in UTF-8. Conversion from UTF-16
262       to UTF-8 is without loss. UTF-16 files will be skipped on Unix when the
263       locale character encoding is not UTF-8, to prevent accidental loss of
264       text. When an UTF-16 to UTF-8 conversion error occurs, for instance
265       when the UTF-16 input file contains an error, the file will be skipped.
266
267       ISO and 7-bit mode conversion do not work on UTF-16 files.
268
269   Byte Order Mark
270       On Windows Unicode text files typically have a Byte Order Mark (BOM),
271       because many Windows programs (including Notepad) add BOMs by default.
272       See also <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_order_mark>.
273
274       On Unix Unicode files typically don't have a BOM. It is assumed that
275       text files are encoded in the locale character encoding.
276
277       Dos2unix can only detect if a file is in UTF-16 format if the file has
278       a BOM.  When an UTF-16 file doesn't have a BOM, dos2unix will see the
279       file as a binary file.
280
281       Use dos2unix in combination with iconv(1) to convert an UTF-16 file
282       without BOM.
283
284       Dos2unix never writes a BOM in the output file, unless you use option
285       "-m".
286
287       Unix2dos writes a BOM in the output file when the input file has a BOM,
288       or when option "-m" is used.
289
290   Unicode examples
291       Convert from Windows UTF-16 (with BOM) to Unix UTF-8
292
293           dos2unix -n in.txt out.txt
294
295       Convert from Windows UTF-16 (without BOM) to Unix UTF-8
296
297           iconv -f UTF-16 -t UTF-8 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt
298
299       Convert from Unix UTF-8 to Windows UTF-8 with BOM
300
301           unix2dos -m -n in.txt out.txt
302
303       Convert from Unix UTF-8 to Windows UTF-16
304
305           unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-16 > out.txt
306

EXAMPLES

308       Read input from 'stdin' and write output to 'stdout'.
309
310           dos2unix
311           dos2unix -l -c mac
312
313       Convert and replace a.txt. Convert and replace b.txt.
314
315           dos2unix a.txt b.txt
316           dos2unix -o a.txt b.txt
317
318       Convert and replace a.txt in ascii conversion mode.
319
320           dos2unix a.txt
321
322       Convert and replace a.txt in ascii conversion mode.  Convert and
323       replace b.txt in 7bit conversion mode.
324
325           dos2unix a.txt -c 7bit b.txt
326           dos2unix -c ascii a.txt -c 7bit b.txt
327           dos2unix -ascii a.txt -7 b.txt
328
329       Convert a.txt from Mac to Unix format.
330
331           dos2unix -c mac a.txt
332           mac2unix a.txt
333
334       Convert a.txt from Unix to Mac format.
335
336           unix2dos -c mac a.txt
337           unix2mac a.txt
338
339       Convert and replace a.txt while keeping original date stamp.
340
341           dos2unix -k a.txt
342           dos2unix -k -o a.txt
343
344       Convert a.txt and write to e.txt.
345
346           dos2unix -n a.txt e.txt
347
348       Convert a.txt and write to e.txt, keep date stamp of e.txt same as
349       a.txt.
350
351           dos2unix -k -n a.txt e.txt
352
353       Convert and replace a.txt. Convert b.txt and write to e.txt.
354
355           dos2unix a.txt -n b.txt e.txt
356           dos2unix -o a.txt -n b.txt e.txt
357
358       Convert c.txt and write to e.txt. Convert and replace a.txt.  Convert
359       and replace b.txt. Convert d.txt and write to f.txt.
360
361           dos2unix -n c.txt e.txt -o a.txt b.txt -n d.txt f.txt
362

RECURSIVE CONVERSION

364       Use dos2unix in combination with the find(1) and xargs(1) commands to
365       recursively convert text files in a directory tree structure. For
366       instance to convert all .txt files in the directory tree under the
367       current directory type:
368
369           find . -name *.txt |xargs dos2unix
370

LOCALIZATION

372       LANG
373           The primary language is selected with the environment variable
374           LANG. The LANG variable consists out of several parts. The first
375           part is in small letters the language code. The second is optional
376           and is the country code in capital letters, preceded with an
377           underscore. There is also an optional third part: character
378           encoding, preceded with a dot. A few examples for POSIX standard
379           type shells:
380
381               export LANG=nl               Dutch
382               export LANG=nl_NL            Dutch, The Netherlands
383               export LANG=nl_BE            Dutch, Belgium
384               export LANG=es_ES            Spanish, Spain
385               export LANG=es_MX            Spanish, Mexico
386               export LANG=en_US.iso88591   English, USA, Latin-1 encoding
387               export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8      English, UK, UTF-8 encoding
388
389           For a complete list of language and country codes see the gettext
390           manual:
391           <http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#Language-Codes>
392
393           On Unix systems you can use to command locale(1) to get locale
394           specific information.
395
396       LANGUAGE
397           With the LANGUAGE environment variable you can specify a priority
398           list of languages, separated by colons. Dos2unix gives preference
399           to LANGUAGE over LANG.  For instance, first Dutch and then German:
400           "LANGUAGE=nl:de". You have to first enable localization, by setting
401           LANG (or LC_ALL) to a value other than "C", before you can use a
402           language priority list through the LANGUAGE variable. See also the
403           gettext manual:
404           <http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#The-LANGUAGE-variable>
405
406           If you select a language which is not available you will get the
407           standard English messages.
408
409       DOS2UNIX_LOCALEDIR
410           With the environment variable DOS2UNIX_LOCALEDIR the LOCALEDIR set
411           during compilation can be overruled. LOCALEDIR is used to find the
412           language files. The GNU default value is "/usr/local/share/locale".
413           Option --version will display the LOCALEDIR that is used.
414
415           Example (POSIX shell):
416
417               export DOS2UNIX_LOCALEDIR=$HOME/share/locale
418

RETURN VALUE

420       On success, zero is returned.  When a system error occurs the last
421       system error will be returned. For other errors 1 is returned.
422
423       The return value is always zero in quiet mode, except when wrong
424       command-line options are used.
425

STANDARDS

427       <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_file>
428
429       <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carriage_return>
430
431       <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline>
432
433       <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode>
434

AUTHORS

436       Benjamin Lin - <blin@socs.uts.edu.au> Bernd Johannes Wuebben (mac2unix
437       mode) - <wuebben@kde.org>, Christian Wurll (add extra newline) -
438       <wurll@ira.uka.de>, Erwin Waterlander - <waterlan@xs4all.nl>
439       (Maintainer)
440
441       Project page: <http://waterlan.home.xs4all.nl/dos2unix.html>
442
443       SourceForge page: <http://sourceforge.net/projects/dos2unix/>
444
445       Freecode: <http://freecode.com/projects/dos2unix>
446