1Standard Channels(3)        Tcl Library Procedures        Standard Channels(3)
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NAME

8       Tcl_StandardChannels  -  How  the  Tcl  library deals with the standard
9       channels
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DESCRIPTION

14       This page explains the initialization and use of standard  channels  in
15       the Tcl library.
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17       The  term  standard  channels comes out of the Unix world and refers to
18       the three channels automatically opened by the OS for each new applica‐
19       tion.  They  are  stdin,  stdout  and stderr. The first is the standard
20       input an application can read from, the other  two  refer  to  writable
21       channels, one for regular output and the other for error messages.
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23       Tcl  generalizes this concept in a cross-platform way and exposes stan‐
24       dard channels to the script level.
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26   APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACES
27       The public API procedures dealing directly with standard  channels  are
28       Tcl_GetStdChannel and Tcl_SetStdChannel. Additional public APIs to con‐
29       sider are Tcl_RegisterChannel, Tcl_CreateChannel and Tcl_GetChannel.
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INITIALIZATION OF TCL STANDARD CHANNELS

32       Standard channels are initialized by the Tcl library  in  three  cases:
33       when  explicitly  requested,  when implicitly required before returning
34       channel information, or when implicitly required during registration of
35       a new channel.
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37       These  cases  differ  in how they handle unavailable platform- specific
38       standard channels.  (A channel is not “available” if it  could  not  be
39       successfully opened; for example, in a Tcl application run as a Windows
40       NT service.)
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42       1)     A single standard channel is initialized when it  is  explicitly
43              specified  in  a  call  to Tcl_SetStdChannel.  The states of the
44              other standard channels are unaffected.
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46              Missing platform-specific standard channels do not matter  here.
47              This approach is not available at the script level.
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49       2)     All uninitialized standard channels are initialized to platform-
50              specific default values:
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52              (a)    when open channels are  listed  with  Tcl_GetChannelNames
53                     (or the file channels script command), or
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55              (b)    when  information about any standard channel is requested
56                     with a call to  Tcl_GetStdChannel,  or  with  a  call  to
57                     Tcl_GetChannel  which specifies one of the standard names
58                     (stdin, stdout and stderr).
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60              In case of missing platform-specific standard channels, the  Tcl
61              standard channels are considered as initialized and then immedi‐
62              ately closed. This means that the first three Tcl channels  then
63              opened  by  the  application  are designated as the Tcl standard
64              channels.
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66       3)     All uninitialized standard channels are initialized to platform-
67              specific  default values when a user-requested channel is regis‐
68              tered with Tcl_RegisterChannel.
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70       In case of unavailable platform-specific standard channels the  channel
71       whose  creation  caused the initialization of the Tcl standard channels
72       is made a normal channel.  The next three Tcl channels  opened  by  the
73       application  are  designated  as  the  Tcl standard channels.  In other
74       words, of the first four Tcl channels opened  by  the  application  the
75       second to fourth are designated as the Tcl standard channels.
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RE-INITIALIZATION OF TCL STANDARD CHANNELS

78       Once  a  Tcl standard channel is initialized through one of the methods
79       above, closing this Tcl standard channel will cause the  next  call  to
80       Tcl_CreateChannel  to  make  the  new channel the new standard channel,
81       too. If more than one Tcl standard channel was closed Tcl_CreateChannel
82       will fill the empty slots in the order stdin, stdout and stderr.
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84       Tcl_CreateChannel  will  not  try to reinitialize an empty slot if that
85       slot was not initialized before. It is this behavior which  enables  an
86       application  to  employ  method 1 of initialization, i.e. to create and
87       designate their own Tcl standard channels.
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SHELL-SPECIFIC DETAILS

90   tclsh
91       The Tcl shell (or rather the function Tcl_Main, which forms the core of
92       the  shell's  implementation)  uses method 2 to initialize the standard
93       channels.
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95   wish
96       The windowing shell (or rather the function Tk_MainEx, which forms  the
97       core  of  the  shell's  implementation) uses method 1 to initialize the
98       standard channels (See Tk_InitConsoleChannels) on  non-Unix  platforms.
99       On Unix platforms, Tk_MainEx implicitly uses method 2 to initialize the
100       standard channels.
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SEE ALSO

103       Tcl_CreateChannel(3),    Tcl_RegisterChannel(3),     Tcl_GetChannel(3),
104       Tcl_GetStdChannel(3),  Tcl_SetStdChannel(3), Tk_InitConsoleChannels(3),
105       tclsh(1), wish(1), Tcl_Main(3), Tk_MainEx(3)
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KEYWORDS

108       standard channels
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112Tcl                                   7.5                 Standard Channels(3)
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